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Realism and Realism and Naturalism Naturalism second half of 19 second half of 19 th th Century Century

Realism and Naturalism

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Realism and Naturalism. second half of 19 th Century. By 1840 Romanticism is worn out Variety of factors: political, economic, social, scientific, incidental (death of main Romantics) Rejection of the metaphysical / transcendental in favor of the epistemological - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Realism and Naturalism

Realism and Realism and NaturalismNaturalism

second half of 19second half of 19thth Century Century

Page 2: Realism and Naturalism

By 1840 Romanticism is worn outBy 1840 Romanticism is worn out Variety of factors: political, Variety of factors: political,

economic, social, scientific, incidental economic, social, scientific, incidental (death of main Romantics)(death of main Romantics)

Rejection of the metaphysical / Rejection of the metaphysical / transcendental in favor of the transcendental in favor of the epistemological epistemological

A new set of ethical, political, social A new set of ethical, political, social challengeschallenges

Page 3: Realism and Naturalism

RomanticismRomanticism

Page 4: Realism and Naturalism

RealismRealism

Gustave Caillebotte, “A Rainy Day” (1877)

Page 5: Realism and Naturalism

RealismRealism

Reflection, mirror, reproductionReflection, mirror, reproduction Emphasis on daily lifeEmphasis on daily life ObjectivityObjectivity Representation of what is visible, Representation of what is visible,

observableobservable UrbanUrban Middle classesMiddle classes Well defined space and time Well defined space and time

(contemporary)(contemporary)

Page 6: Realism and Naturalism

InfluencesInfluences

Page 7: Realism and Naturalism

Auguste Comte (1798-1857)Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

PositivismPositivism Rejection of Rejection of

metaphysicsmetaphysics Faith in observable Faith in observable

and verifiable and verifiable facts, natural lawsfacts, natural laws

Belief in positive Belief in positive and material and material progress through progress through sciencescience

Page 8: Realism and Naturalism

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

EvolutionEvolution Survival of the Survival of the

fittestfittest Herbert Spencer: Herbert Spencer:

applied darwinism applied darwinism to social and to social and political spherepolitical sphere

1859

Page 9: Realism and Naturalism

Hippolyte TaineHippolyte Taine

literary work literary work informed by informed by author’s:author’s:– racerace– environmentenvironment– historical momenthistorical moment

Page 10: Realism and Naturalism

Karl Marx (1818-1883)Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Page 11: Realism and Naturalism

Gustave CourbetGustave Courbet

Aim: “to represent Aim: “to represent the customs, the the customs, the ideas, the ideas, the appearance of the appearance of the times without times without prejudice or value prejudice or value judgment”judgment”

Represents Represents humble, common humble, common figuresfigures Stone breakers (1840)

Page 12: Realism and Naturalism

Naturalism: Emile Zola (1840-Naturalism: Emile Zola (1840-1902)1902)

principal theorist and principal theorist and practitioner of practitioner of naturalismnaturalism

art critic: supporter of art critic: supporter of impressionistsimpressionists

Rougon-Macquart Rougon-Macquart series (20 volumes), series (20 volumes), including including L’Assommoir

““J’Accuse” (1898), ” (1898), considered by some considered by some the most important the most important newspaper article ever newspaper article ever writtenwritten– caricature that caricature that

appeared in appeared in PunchPunchZola at the Bibliothèque

Nationale de France

Page 13: Realism and Naturalism

NaturalismNaturalism

Not a break with realism, but an Not a break with realism, but an extension of it. Takes from realism:extension of it. Takes from realism:

the representation of daily life, average the representation of daily life, average characters (slice of life technique)characters (slice of life technique)

set in contemporary periodset in contemporary period plots that progress by means of causalityplots that progress by means of causality the rejection of the fantastic and the rejection of the fantastic and

extraordinaryextraordinary the attempt to reproduce real languagethe attempt to reproduce real language Basis on researchBasis on research

Page 14: Realism and Naturalism

Caillebotte, Floor Scrapers

Page 15: Realism and Naturalism

NaturalismNaturalism The Experimental Novel The Experimental Novel (1879),“: (1879),“:

Application of the “scientific Application of the “scientific method” to literature: novel as a method” to literature: novel as a laboratorylaboratory

Importance of hereditary and Importance of hereditary and environmental determinismenvironmental determinism

Man seen as another animal (la Man seen as another animal (la bête humain)bête humain)

A Godless universeA Godless universe History, social and economic History, social and economic

conditions shape protagonistsconditions shape protagonists Collective protagonistsCollective protagonists Includes all aspects of human Includes all aspects of human

experience (does not focus on the experience (does not focus on the “beautiful”): sex, brutality, “beautiful”): sex, brutality, violence, crude languageviolence, crude language

Image of reality emphasizes the Image of reality emphasizes the social injustices and defects: social injustices and defects: many readers saw in it a means many readers saw in it a means of rebellion against the dominant of rebellion against the dominant classesclasses

T. Lautrec, Medical Inspection

Page 16: Realism and Naturalism

GerminalGerminal (1885) (1885)

Part of the Rougon-Macquart series (20 Part of the Rougon-Macquart series (20 volumes):volumes):– History of two related families:History of two related families:

Rougons: upper middle-classRougons: upper middle-class Macquarts: proletarianMacquarts: proletarian

– Chronicles private and public lives during Chronicles private and public lives during Second EmpireSecond Empire

– Deals with alcoholism, industrial confrontation, Deals with alcoholism, industrial confrontation, prostitution, etc.prostitution, etc.

Title taken from the French Revolutionary Title taken from the French Revolutionary Calendar: first month of springCalendar: first month of spring

Page 17: Realism and Naturalism

BeginningBeginning– landscape?landscape?

The mine The mine (Le Voreux)(Le Voreux): forum: forum Village 240Village 240 Étienne LantierÉtienne Lantier Initial presentation/characterization Initial presentation/characterization

(description, values, characteristics, narrator´s (description, values, characteristics, narrator´s language/tone) of:language/tone) of:

1.1. BonnemortBonnemort

2.2. CatherineCatherine

3.3. ZacharieZacharie

4.4. JeanlinJeanlin

5.5. MaheuMaheu

6.6. MaheudeMaheude