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Realism and Naturalism. second half of 19 th Century. By 1840 Romanticism is worn out Variety of factors: political, economic, social, scientific, incidental (death of main Romantics) Rejection of the metaphysical / transcendental in favor of the epistemological - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Realism and Realism and NaturalismNaturalism
second half of 19second half of 19thth Century Century
By 1840 Romanticism is worn outBy 1840 Romanticism is worn out Variety of factors: political, Variety of factors: political,
economic, social, scientific, incidental economic, social, scientific, incidental (death of main Romantics)(death of main Romantics)
Rejection of the metaphysical / Rejection of the metaphysical / transcendental in favor of the transcendental in favor of the epistemological epistemological
A new set of ethical, political, social A new set of ethical, political, social challengeschallenges
RomanticismRomanticism
RealismRealism
Gustave Caillebotte, “A Rainy Day” (1877)
RealismRealism
Reflection, mirror, reproductionReflection, mirror, reproduction Emphasis on daily lifeEmphasis on daily life ObjectivityObjectivity Representation of what is visible, Representation of what is visible,
observableobservable UrbanUrban Middle classesMiddle classes Well defined space and time Well defined space and time
(contemporary)(contemporary)
InfluencesInfluences
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
PositivismPositivism Rejection of Rejection of
metaphysicsmetaphysics Faith in observable Faith in observable
and verifiable and verifiable facts, natural lawsfacts, natural laws
Belief in positive Belief in positive and material and material progress through progress through sciencescience
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
EvolutionEvolution Survival of the Survival of the
fittestfittest Herbert Spencer: Herbert Spencer:
applied darwinism applied darwinism to social and to social and political spherepolitical sphere
1859
Hippolyte TaineHippolyte Taine
literary work literary work informed by informed by author’s:author’s:– racerace– environmentenvironment– historical momenthistorical moment
Karl Marx (1818-1883)Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Gustave CourbetGustave Courbet
Aim: “to represent Aim: “to represent the customs, the the customs, the ideas, the ideas, the appearance of the appearance of the times without times without prejudice or value prejudice or value judgment”judgment”
Represents Represents humble, common humble, common figuresfigures Stone breakers (1840)
Naturalism: Emile Zola (1840-Naturalism: Emile Zola (1840-1902)1902)
principal theorist and principal theorist and practitioner of practitioner of naturalismnaturalism
art critic: supporter of art critic: supporter of impressionistsimpressionists
Rougon-Macquart Rougon-Macquart series (20 volumes), series (20 volumes), including including L’Assommoir
““J’Accuse” (1898), ” (1898), considered by some considered by some the most important the most important newspaper article ever newspaper article ever writtenwritten– caricature that caricature that
appeared in appeared in PunchPunchZola at the Bibliothèque
Nationale de France
NaturalismNaturalism
Not a break with realism, but an Not a break with realism, but an extension of it. Takes from realism:extension of it. Takes from realism:
the representation of daily life, average the representation of daily life, average characters (slice of life technique)characters (slice of life technique)
set in contemporary periodset in contemporary period plots that progress by means of causalityplots that progress by means of causality the rejection of the fantastic and the rejection of the fantastic and
extraordinaryextraordinary the attempt to reproduce real languagethe attempt to reproduce real language Basis on researchBasis on research
Caillebotte, Floor Scrapers
NaturalismNaturalism The Experimental Novel The Experimental Novel (1879),“: (1879),“:
Application of the “scientific Application of the “scientific method” to literature: novel as a method” to literature: novel as a laboratorylaboratory
Importance of hereditary and Importance of hereditary and environmental determinismenvironmental determinism
Man seen as another animal (la Man seen as another animal (la bête humain)bête humain)
A Godless universeA Godless universe History, social and economic History, social and economic
conditions shape protagonistsconditions shape protagonists Collective protagonistsCollective protagonists Includes all aspects of human Includes all aspects of human
experience (does not focus on the experience (does not focus on the “beautiful”): sex, brutality, “beautiful”): sex, brutality, violence, crude languageviolence, crude language
Image of reality emphasizes the Image of reality emphasizes the social injustices and defects: social injustices and defects: many readers saw in it a means many readers saw in it a means of rebellion against the dominant of rebellion against the dominant classesclasses
T. Lautrec, Medical Inspection
GerminalGerminal (1885) (1885)
Part of the Rougon-Macquart series (20 Part of the Rougon-Macquart series (20 volumes):volumes):– History of two related families:History of two related families:
Rougons: upper middle-classRougons: upper middle-class Macquarts: proletarianMacquarts: proletarian
– Chronicles private and public lives during Chronicles private and public lives during Second EmpireSecond Empire
– Deals with alcoholism, industrial confrontation, Deals with alcoholism, industrial confrontation, prostitution, etc.prostitution, etc.
Title taken from the French Revolutionary Title taken from the French Revolutionary Calendar: first month of springCalendar: first month of spring
BeginningBeginning– landscape?landscape?
The mine The mine (Le Voreux)(Le Voreux): forum: forum Village 240Village 240 Étienne LantierÉtienne Lantier Initial presentation/characterization Initial presentation/characterization
(description, values, characteristics, narrator´s (description, values, characteristics, narrator´s language/tone) of:language/tone) of:
1.1. BonnemortBonnemort
2.2. CatherineCatherine
3.3. ZacharieZacharie
4.4. JeanlinJeanlin
5.5. MaheuMaheu
6.6. MaheudeMaheude