Rakhine Commission Report - English Translation

7/29/2019 Rakhine Commission Report - English Translation

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Rkpubldh ae tmk [gdag ae Jyogjor

Edgol Rkpart ae Dgqudry Hajjdssdag

ag Xkhtordog Udalkghk dg

Rocmdgk Xtotk

= Fuly 2>?8


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EARKYAR@

Pmk Rocmdgk Dgqudry Hajjdssdag wos kstobldsmk` ag Ouiust, ?9tm, 2>?2 ug`kr tmk

outmardty ae tmk ^rksd`kgt)s Kxkhutdvk Ar`kr ta `dshavkr tmk raat housks ae hajjugolvdalkghk og` pravd`k rkhajjkgòtdags ear tmk prkvkgtdag ae rkhurrkghk ae vdalkghk dg

tmk euturk og` prajatdag ae pkohkeul hakxdstkghk' Pmk Hajjdssdag `roetk` tmk rkpart

oetkr hagùhtdgi kxtkgsdvk survky og` orhmdvol rkskorhm tmk Rocmdgk Xtotk' Pmk rkpart

ds gat wrdttkg wdtm tmk dgtkgtdag ae hostdgi blojk ag ogy iraup ar ariogdzotdag' Dts

avkrorhmdgi iaol ds ta prajatk pkohk og` `kvklapjkgt dg tmk rkidag'

Pmk Hajjdssdag ds hajpask` ae mdstardogs, sahdol shdkgtdsts, lkiol kxpkrts, og` lko`krs

eraj khagajdh, paldtdhol, og` sahdol skhtars' Dg iotmkrdgi og` ogolyzdgi tmk òto, tmk

Hajjdssdag kg`kovark` ta upmal` dts djportdoldty' Pmk rkhajjkgòtdags prkskgtk` dg

tmds rkpart rkqudrk hlask haapkrotdag bktwkkg tmk iavkrgjkgt og` tmk ikgkrol publdh' Dtds djpartogt ear oll hdtdzkgs ta warc taiktmkr ta hrkotk o sustodgoblk kgvdragjkgt ae

pkohk og` trogqudldty'

Pmk Hajjdssdag rkhkdvk` ikgkraus ossdstoghk eraj iavkrgjkgt oikghdks, hdvdl sahdkty

ariogdzotdags, paldtdhol portdks, og` tmk ikgkrol publdh wmdlk `roetdgi tmds rkpart' Pmk

Hajjdssdag waul` ldck ta kxtkg` dts tmogcs ta oll wma movk pravd`k` tmkdr suppart og`

ossdstoghk' Mawkvkr, tmk Hajjdssdag waul` ldck ta mdimldimt hkrtodg dg`dvdùols wmask

hagtrdbutdag ds porojaugt ta tmk suhhkss ae tmk Hajjdssdag)s warc'

Edrst, tmk Hajjdssdag waul` ldck kxtkg` dts irotdtu`k ta ^rksd`kgt [ Pmkdg Xkdg ear

earjdgi tmk Hajjdssdag ta horry aut tmds mdstardh warc os wkll os ear pravd`dgi oll

gkhkssory ossdstoghk og` suppart' Jarkavkr, tmk Hajjdssdag waul` ldck ta tmogc

Jdgdstkrs ae tmk ^rksd`kgt)s aeedhk [ Xak Pmkdg og` [ Ougi Jdg3 rktdrk` Jdgdstkr ae

Bar`kr Oeeodrs Ldkutkgogt Ikgkrol Pmkdg Mtoy3 Jdgdstkr ae Bar`kr Oeeodrs Ldkutkgogt

Ikgkrol Pmkt Godgi Ydg3 Jdgdstkr ae Djjdirotdag og` âpulotdag [ Cmdg Td3 tmk Hmdke

Jdgdstkr ae tmk Rocmdgk Xtotk Iavkrgjkgt [ Cmdg Jougi Pdg3 Hajjog`kr ae Ykstkrg

Rkidagol Hajjog` Jofar Ikgkrol Ca Ca Godgi3 Jdgdstkr ae Rocmdgk Xtotk Xkhurdty og`

Bar`kr Oeeodrs Halagol Mtkdg Ldg3 @drkhtar Ikgkrol ae tmk Aeedhk ae tmk [gdag

Iavkrgjkgt [ Vow Pmog Pdgg3 @drkhtar Ikgkrol ae tmk Aeedhk ae tmk ^rksd`kgt [ Mlo

Pug3 @kputy @drkhtar Ikgkrol ae tmk Aeedhk ae tmk ^rksd`kgt [ Tk Jdg3 tmk Xkhrktory aetmk Rocmdgk Xtotk Iavkrgjkgt [ Jdg Hmdt Aa3 tmk @drkhtar Ikgkrol ae tmk Gotdagol

Orhmdvk @r' Ougi Jya3 og` Halagol Cyow Xak Ydg ae tmk Jdgdstry ae @kekgsk' Pmk

Hajjdssdag waul` olsa ldck ta kxtkg` dts irotdtu`k ta Hmodrjog ae tmk Pug Eaugòtdag

Bogc [ Pmkdg Pug og` mds hallkoiuks eraj tmk bogcdgi skhtar3 @ow Yo Yo Pug3 [

Pmkdg Jydgt3 @kputy Jdgdstkr ae Pklkhajjugdhotdags [ Pmougi Pdg3 [ Cyow Ydg og`

tmk Ek`krol @kportjkgt ae Earkdig Oeeodrs ae Xwdtzkrlog` ear suppartdgi tmk


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Hajjdssdag)s warc' Pmk Hajjdssdag olsa wdsmks ta tmogc @ow Ydg Pmozdg Pug ae

Jyogjor Jdkrvo K`uhotdag Hkgtkr, Hlou`dgk Mokggd og` Iwkg Rabdgsag ear tmkdr

k`dtardol ossdstoghk og` tmk tkoj lk` by [ Pmogi Hdg Pmowgi og` [ Ougi Mtug ear tmkdr

rkskorhm ossdstoghk3 tmds rkpart waul` gat movk bkkg passdblk wdtmaut tmkdr voluoblk

ossdstoghk'

Kg`kovardgi ta o`voghk tmk dgtkrksts ae tmk haugtry, tmk Hajjdssdag wdsmks ta prkskgt

tmds rkpart ta tmk publdh tmrauim tmk iaa` aeedhks ae tmk ^rksd`kgt ae tmk [gdag ae

Jyogjor'

@r' Jya Jydgt^rksd`kgt

Dgqudry Hajjdssdag


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Hagtkgts

Kxkhutdvk Xujjory

?' Dgtraùhtdag ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ??'2' Rkskorhm jktmaàlaiy ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ??'8' Xhapk ae tmk stu`y '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2?'0' Hagstrodgts kghaugtkrk` by tmk Hajjdssdag ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2

2' Rocmdgk Xtotk6 Mdstardhol Bohciraug` '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 82'9' Pmk Iavkrgjkgts mog`ldgi ae tmk hdtdzkgsmdp prahkss '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;2'=' Xujjory ae tmk skhtordog hageldht bktwkkg Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold hajjugdtdks '''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9

8' Pmk housk ae tmk hageldht og` tmk skhtordog vdalkghk dg 2>?2 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =8'?' Pmk hageldht bktwkkg tmk twa iraups '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =8'2' Pmk kvkgts dg tmk edrst pmosk ae tmk 2>?2 hageldht'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' = 8'8' Pmk kvkgts dg tmk skhag` pmosk ae tmk 2>?2 hageldht '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?88'0' Xtkps tockg by tmk outmardtdks ta rkstark holj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?8

0' Housks ae skhtordog hageldht dg Rocmdgk Xtotk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?0;' Lassks ùk ta tmk vdalkghk dg Rocmdgk Xtotk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?4

;'2' ^mysdhol djpoht ae tmk vdalkghk6 `kotm, dgfury og` `kstruhtdag '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?4 ;'8' Lassks os rkpartk` by tmk Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold hajjugdtdks '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22 ;'0' ^syhmalaidhol og` sahdol djpoht ae tmk vdalkghk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22;';' Pmk djpoht ag tmk haugtry og` dts ktmgdh iraups '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2; ;'5' Pmk khagajdh djpoht '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25

5' Pmk hurrkgt sahda*khagajdh sdtuotdag ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 299' Ogolysds ae cky khagajdh ohtdvdtdks dg Rocmdgk Xtotk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24

9'?' Oirdhulturk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 249'2' Pmk edsmkry skhtar '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8>9'8' Jorckt solks og` tro`dgi ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8>9'0' Paurdsj og` skrvdhks skhtars ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8?9';' Xjoll dgùstrdks ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 829'5' Eohtars hagstrodgdgi tmk khagajdh `kvklapjkgt ae tmk Xtotk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 82

9'5'2' Pmk shorhdty ae ekrtdlk log` ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 829'5'8' âar trogspartotdag gktwarcs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 88


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9'5'0' âar ohhkss ta ja`krg tkhmgalaidks '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 889'5';' Pmk ug`kr*`kvklapjkgt ae lahol dgùstrdks ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 889'5'5' @deedhultdks dg abtodgdgi hrk`dt ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 809'5'9' Ykocgkssks dg mujog rksaurhks ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 80

9'9' Rkqudrkjkgts ear tmk khagajdh `kvklapjkgt ae Rocmdgk Xtotk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 809'=' Rkhajjkgòtdags ta djpravk tmk khagajdh sdtuotdag ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 89

=' Bosdh gkk`s dg Rocmdgk Xtotk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 84='?' Gutrdtdag og` eaa` skhurdty '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 84

Rkhajjkgòtdags ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 84='2' Xmkltkr ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0>

Rkhajjkgòtdags ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0>='8' Mkoltm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0?

Rkhajjkgòtdags ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 02='0' Kùhotdag '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 02

Rkhajjkgòtdags ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 00=';' Ikgkrol rkhajjkgòtdags '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 00

4' Rulk ae low ta prajatk pkohkeul hakxdstkghk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0;4'?5' Rkhajjkgòtdags ear kgsurdgi tmk rulk ae low ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;>

?>' Pmk dssuks rklotk` ta tmk tkrj Ramdgiyo ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;8??' Pmk vdkw ae tmk publdh ag tmk warc ae dgtkrgotdagol ariogdzotdags dg Rocmdgk

Xtotk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;5?2' Rkhajjkgòtdags ear tmk pkohkeul hakxdstkghk ae Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold

hajjugdtdks '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5??8' Rkhajjkgòtdags rklotk` ta tmk jk`do '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5=?0' Haghlusdags '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 54Rkekrkghks ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9?

Oppkg`dx'95


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d

Kxkhutdvk Xujjory

?' Dgtraùhtdag

Ag Ouiust ?9tm

, 2>?2, rksd kgt [ Pmkdg Xkdg kstobldsmk tmk RocmdgkHajjdssdag ae Dgqudry tmrauim o rksd kgtdol Kxkhutdvk Ar kr ? ' PmdsHajjdssdag hajpask ae prajdgkgt mdstardogs, sahdol shdkgtdsts, lkiolkxpkrts, og hdvdl sahdkty lko`krs, eraj o brao rogik ae skhtars wos osck takxojdgk tmk eallawdgi = orkos6 -?$ dgvkstdiotk tmk raat housks tmot lk ta tmkdsturboghk ae pkohk og skhurdty3 -2$ vkrdey tmk kxtkgt ae lass ae ldek, prapkrty

og atmkr hallotkrol òjoik3 -8$ kxojdgk tmk keeart ta rkstark pkohk og`prajatk low og ar kr3 -0$ autldgk jkogs ta pravd k rkldke og djplkjkgtrkskttlkjkgt prairojs3 -;$ `kvklap smart* og lagi*tkrj strotkidks tarkhaghdlk deekrkghks3 -5$ kstobldsm jutuol ug`krstog dgi og prajatkpkohkeul ha*kxdstkghk bktwkkg vordaus rkldidaus og ktmgdh iraups3 -9$ o`vdskag tmk prajatdag ae tmk rulk ae low3 -=$ o`vdsk ag tmk prajatdag ae sahdol og`

khagajdh `kvklapjkgt' Pmk Hajjdssdag roetk dts rkpart oetkr og kxtkgsdvksurvky og orhmdvol rkskorhm ag Rocmdgk stotk' Pmk Hajjdssdag rkhkdvk`suppart eraj vordaus iavkrgjkgt oikghdks, hdvdl sahdkty ariogdsotdags,paldtdhol portdks, og tmk ikgkrol publdh' Dg iotmkrdgi og ogolyzdgi tmk òto dtrkhkdvk tmk Hajjdssdag odjk ta jodgtodg dts djportdoldty'

Pmk avkrorhmdgi iaol ae tmk Hajjdssdags edgol rkpart wos ta prajatk pkohkog kvklapjkgt dg tmk rkidag rotmkr tmog plohk tmk blojk ag o spkhdedh iraupar hajjugdty' Pmk djplkjkgtotdag ae dts rkhajjkgòtdags wdll rkqudrk hlaskhaapkrotdag bktwkkg tmk vordaus iavkrgjkgt oikghdks, tmk ikgkrol publdhog oll skhtars ae sahdkty, os wkll os eraj oll hdtdzkgs ta hrkotk og sustodg tmk`ksdrk kgvdragjkgt ae pkohk og hajjugol stobdldty'

Pmds stog *olagk prhds wos roetk` ag tmk bosds ae tmk trogslotdag ae tmkardidgol rkpart eraj Jyogjor dgta Kgildsm, wmdhm oetkr k dtdgi ds stdll avkr 5>poiks lagi' Pmk Hajjdssdag waul ldck ta jock o smartkr vkrsdag ovodloblk tatmk dgtkrgotdagol hajjugdty ta idvk dt ohhkss ta tmk ksskgtdol dgearjotdag wdtmsajk jark `ktodls tmog tmk ardidgol Kxkhutdvk Xujjory' Dt àks gat hmogiktmk ksskghk ae tmk ardidgol rkpart, but dg tmk dgtkrkst ae haghdskgkss mosrkiraupk sajk ae tmk dssuks og rkhajjkgòtdags, og tmkrkeark àks gateallaw tmk struhturk ae tmk ardidgol rkpart kxohtly'

Pwa hovkots movk ta bk jo k ta ug`krstog tmk ardidgol rkpart ar tmdssujjory6 ag agk mog , tmk Hajjdssdag eohk skvkrol hagstrodgts dg dts warc6-o$ tmk goturk ae tmk Hajjdssdags jogòtk wos gat kosdly ug`krstaa og dtsgkutroldty wos aetkg rkfkhtk by Rocmdgk3 -b$ autsd k ohtars, dg portdhulor sajkBkgiold lko`krs dg Togiag, kxkrhdsk ugùk dgelukghk by trydgi ta djpaskdgtkrvdkwkks ag tmk Hajjdssdag, og by hagtralldgi tmk ogswkrs dgtkrvdkwkksiovk ta tmk Hajjdssdag3 -h$ ohhkss ta pkaplk dg jark rkjatk orkos wosmojpkrk by tmk eoht tmot gat oll Bkgiolds spkoc Jyogjor logiuoik' Dg ar kr

?Ear o trogslotdag ae tmk ^rksd`kgtdol Kxkhutdvk Ar`kr, skk Oggkx ?'


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dd

ta haugtkr tmksk hagstrodgts tmk Hajjdssdag trodgk lahol yaugi pkaplk agmaw ta hallkht òto, og usk purpasdvk og quato sojpldgi dgstko aeprabobdldty ar rogàj sojpldgi' Pmk Hajjdssdag olsa kgldstk tmk mklp aeja`krotk Jusldj og Bkgiold lko`krs dg Togiag' Ag tmk atmkr mog , tmk uskae hkrtodg tkrjs gkk`s ta bk jo`k hlkor6 tmk rkpart usks tmk tkrj Bkgioldswmkg rkekrrdgi ta pkaplk ae Bkgiold ardidg' Pmk tkrj Ramdgiyo ds gat

rkhaigdzk dg Jyogjor og dts usk mos bkhajk dghrkosdgily paldtdhdzk 3 os tatmk tkrj ae Colo, dt wos tro dtdagolly usk ear oll earkdigkrs eraj wkst ae tmkhaugtry' Pmk Brdts wkrk rkekrrk ta os Colo Mpyu -wmdtk colo$' Paòy dt dsusk hallaqudolly ear pkaplk ardidgotdgi eraj tmk Dg dog subhagtdgkgt' Apdgdagsdeekr os ta wmot dt ds kraiotary ar gat'

2' Jktmaàlaiy og` warcdgi prahkùrks ae tmk Hajjdssdag

Idvkg tmk mdimly skgsdtdvk og kjatdagol kgvdragjkgt dg Rocmdgk, tmkHajjdssdag wkgt ta irkot lkgitms ta systkjotdholly hallkht òto dg ar kr tamovk mor kvd kghk ug`krlydgi oll dts edg dgis og rkhajjkgòtdags' Pmkjktmaàlaiy wos jdxk wdtm edkl *vdsdts, dgtkrvdkws -mauskmalqukstdaggodrks, eahus iraup dshussdags, dg dvd uol dgtkrvdkws$ dg vordausplohks dg Rocmdgk og dg Togiag, ag*sdtk abskrvotdags, os wkll os `kscrkvdkws ae brao rogik ae jotkrdols' Ykdimtk purpasdvk sojpldgi wos usk`ta sklkht orkos tmot wkrk rkprkskgtotdvk dg tkrjs ae papulotdag gujbkrs og`ktmgdh hajpasdtdag' Pmk orkos wkrk strotdedk dgta urbog, kosdly ohhkssdblk og`rkjatk' Ydtmdg tmk hmaskg orkos quato sojpldgi wos usk ta sklkht tmkdgtkrvdkwkks ohhar dgi ta kùhotdag, dghajk og ikg`kr' Oll dg oll, 2>>>pkaplk -?2>> Rocmdgk, =>> Bkgiold$ wkrk dgtkrvdkwk bktwkkg Xkptkjbkr2>?2 og Oprdl 2>?8' Oll djpartogt dgearjotdag wos trdogiulotk ' Ymkrkos tmkHajjdssdag eohk hkrtodg hagstrodgts dg tkrjs ae ohhkss ta pkaplk, dt mo`wd k ohhkss ta oll tmk dgearjotdag dt rkqukstk eraj iavkrgjkgt oikghdks'

Og dgtkrjk dotk rkpart wos skgt ta tmk ^rksd`kgt dg Gavkjbkr 2>?2, og tmkedgol rkpart dg Oprdl 2>?8' @deekrkgt Hajjdssdag jkjbkrs mo rkspagsdbdldty eardgvkstdiotdgi og hajpasdgi deekrkgt ports ae tmk rkpart, but tmk edgol vkrsdagwos oàptk og haugtkrsdigk by tmk Hajjdssdag os wmalk og wossubjdttk os suhm ta tmk rksd kgt ag 4 Oprdl 2>?8'

8' Pmk Hajjdssdags jodg abskrvotdags og` edg`dgis

8'?' Kstobldsmjkgt ae o hmragalaiy ae kvkgts6

Pmrauim jktdhulaus rkskorhm tmk Hajjdssdag kstobldsmks ohmragalaiy ae kvkgts tmot lk ta tmk twa wovks ae vdalkghk dg F ugk og`

Ahtabkr 2>?2, og puts tmkj dgta o hmodg ae kvkgts tmot hog bk ldgck`bohc ta skjdgol ottohcs ag Rocmdgk papulotdags by Bkgiolds tmot taacplohk dg Jougiòw og Butmkkòugi ùrdgi Yarl Yor DD dg ?402'Pmk Hajjdssdag stotks tmot ottohcs og haugtkr*ottohcs movk bkkgdgdtdotk batm by Rocmdgk og by Bkgiolds' Dt mdimldimts tmk ropk og`jur kr ae o Bu``mdst wajog by tmrkk Jusldj jkgdg Togbk Pawgsmdpdg lotk Joy 2>?2, og tmk rktoldotdag cdlldgi ae ?> Jusldj jkg by o jabdg Pougiiack dg korly F ugk 2>?2 os tmk trdiikrs ae tmk edrst wovk aevdalkghk' Pmk Hajjdssdag haghlu`ks tmot aghk tmkrk wos kgauim


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skhurdty ta hagtral tmk low og ar kr, tmk sdtuotdag dg Rocmdgk stotkwos ckpt ug`kr hagtral og eurtmkr ottohcs prkvkgtk ' Ear o `ktodlk`hmragalaiy skk Hmoptkr 8'

8'2' Raat housks ae tmk vdalkghk6Dg Hmoptkr 0, tmk Hajjdssdag pdgpadgts skvkrol raat housks ae tmk

vdalkghk wmdhm hog bk rauimly iraupk dgta -o$ mdstardh3-b$ hagtkgtdausbar kr dssuks wdtm Bogilo`ksm og hdtdzkgsmdp lkidslotdag3-h$hagtdguk lohc ae sahdoldzotdag og dgtkirotdag bktwkkg tmkhajjugdtdks3- $ iavkrgjkgt dgo`kquohdks3paldtdsotdag og palordzotdagby paldtdhol portdks ear tmkdr awg paldtdhol oikgòs3 -k$ harruptdag aelahol aeedhdols3 -e$ lohc ae kùhotdag og ae khagajdh appartugdtdks dgtmk rkidag og ae tmk pkaplk3 og -i$ kxtkrgol eohtars suhm os tmk rdskae kxtrkjdsj ag batm sd ks' Ymdlk tmkrk ds ga mor kvd kghk tasuiikst tmk kxdstkghk ae o jostkr plog ae tmk Bkgiolds ta hagtralRocmdgk Xtotk, tmkrk ork vadhks pusmdgi ear rkhaigdtdag, og dg tmkpost rkquksts ear og outagajaus rkidag ug`kr tmkdr hagtral' Jultdplkeohtars lko ta tmk dghrkosk hagvdhtdag ag batm sd ks tmot vdalkghk ds

tmk agly woy ta kgsurk tmot agk ds pratkhtk eraj tmk atmkrs'

8'8' Lassks og` òjoiks ùk ta tmk vdalkghk dg Rocmdgk Xtotk6

Dg o `ktodlk tolly dg Hmoptkr ;, tmk Hajjdssdag idvks tmk aeedhdolstotdstdhs ae lassks og òjoiks6 dg tatol ?42 pkaplk dk dg tmk twawovks3 jark tmog 25; wkrk dgfurk og =5?0 mausks wkrk `kstrayk 'Ohhar dgi ta tmk Hajjdssdags edg dgis, tmk gujbkrs ork lawkr tmogoriuk by kdtmkr tmk Rocmdgk ar tmk Bkgiolds' Pmk mdimkst gujbkr aehosuoltdks wkrk dg Jrouc*[ wmkrkos tmk mdimkst lkvkl ae `kstruhtdagtaac plohk dg Xdttwk'

Pmk Hajjdssdags rkpart iaks ag ta mdimldimt tmk mdim psyhma*sahdoldjpoht tmot tmk vdalkghk mos mo ag tmk pkaplk ldvdgi dg Rocmdgk stotk,wmkrk jogy pkaplk stdll sueekr eraj ogxdkty ottohcs, gdimtjorks ogòrk rkluhtogt ta javk oraug ot gdimt' Ekor mos jkogt tmot dgtkrohtdagbktwkkg tmk hajjugdtdks mos hajk ta o stog`stdll, jkogdgi tmot tmkkhagajy ds oljast porolyzk og wdll hkrtodgly sueekr eurtmkr ùrdgitmds ykor' Pmk `kstruhtdag ae jorckts og busdgkssks mos jkogt tmotpkaplks spkg dgi pawkr mos bkkg rkùhk sdigdedhogtly' Dg hkrtodgorkos hmdl rkg ga lagikr ia ta shmaal, kdtmkr bkhousk tmkdr porkgts àgat wogt tmkj ta movk ta hrass orkos eraj tmk atmkr hajjugdty, arbkhousk tkohmkrs ork taa oerod ae tmk atmkr hajjugdty ta ia og`warc dg tmk shmaals' Pmk Hajjdssdag stotks tmot hurrkgtly tmkrk ork

gat kgauim skhurdty earhks ta iuorogtkk tmk soekty ae oll haghkrgk 'Pmk rkpart olsa ug krldgks tmot tmk vdalkghk dg Rocmdgk mos mo ogdjpoht tmrauimaut tmk haugtry wmkrk jogy Jyogjor hdtdzkgs movk eklthajpkllk ta tock sd ks, tmus hagtrdbutdgi ta o rdet wdtmdg tmk avkrollpapulotdag' Eurtmkrjark, tmk sdtuotdag mos kjborrossk tmkiavkrgjkgt dg eragt ae tmk dgtkrgotdagol hajjugdty'


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8'0' Ogolysds a e tmk sahda*khagajdh s dtuotdag og` khagajdh ohtdvdtdksdg Rocmdgk Xtotk6

Hmoptkrs 5 og 9 ae tmk rkpart laac ot tmk hurrkgt sahda*khagajdhsdtuotdag dg Rocmdgk og ogolysks tmk cky khagajdh ohtdvdtdks tmkrk,og kxojdgks tmkrkeark tmk oirdhulturol, edsmkry, taurdsj og skrvdhksskhtars dg o` dtdag ta jockt solks og tro dgi, og tmk sjoll

dgùstrdks' Pmk Hajjdssdag haghlu`ks dg ikgkrol tmot tmk brkocàwgdg rklotdags bktwkkg tmk hajjugdtdks os wkll os tmk djpk`k erkkàjae javkjkgt, kdtmkr tmrauim ekor ar ùk ta iavkrgjkgt rkstrdhtdag, wdllmovk o jofar djpoht ag tmk khagajdh praùhtdag ae o stotk tmot dsolrko`y agk ae tmk paarkst dg Jyogjor' Pmds ds eurtmkr hajpaug`k`by o ikgkrol ug`kr* kvklapjkgt ae tmk lahol dgùstrdks os hajpork taklskwmkrk dg Jyogjor, ugscdllk lobaur og paar ohhkss ta ja`krgtkhmgalaidks og ta abtodgdgi hrk dt'

8';' Ogolysds ae tmk mujogdtordog gkk`s6

Pmk Hajjdssdag rkpart, dg dts Hmoptkr =, olsa ktodls tmk mujogdtordoggkk`s dg Rocmdgk Xtotk dg tmk oetkrjotm ae tmk vdalkghk, dg portdhulor

ear tmk oljast ?2>>>> D@^s' Pmk rkpart kxojdgks eaa skhurdty,smkltkr, mkoltm og kùhotdag' Dg tkrjs ae eaa skhurdty, dt edg`s tmotD@^s ork rkhkdvdgi sueedhdkgt ossdstoghk eraj tmk iavkrgjkgt og erajtmk [G' Dt mdimldimts mawkvkr tmot tmkrk movk bkkg [G rkparts aehrdtdholly mdim lkvkls ae ilabol ohutk jolgutrdtdag og skvkrkjolgutrdtdag' Pmk bdiikst gkk rkjodgs smkltkr, portdhulorly ear tmkrkturg ar rklahotdag ae Bkgiold D@^s wmkrk lahol Rocmdgk papulotdagsà gat wogt tmkj ta stoy ar ta rkturg ta tmkdr plohks ae ardidg' Hurrkgtgkk`s ear smkltkr ork sajk ?;>> mausks ear Rocmdgk og ?9=>>mausks ear Bkgiolds' Ear mkoltm tmk Hajjdssdag gatks tmot juhm aetmk mkoltm og sogdtotdag gkk`s ork havkrk tmrauim ossdstoghk ae tmkdgtkrgotdagol hajjugdty og jk dhol ugdts ae tmk Potjoòw but tmotwdtm tmk orrdvol ae tmk rodgy skosag ohtdvdtdks wdll gkk ta bk stkppk upportdhulorly dg tmk avkrhraw`k D@ hojps' Dg tkrjs ae kùhotdag,oltmauim 42+ ae tmk shmaals dg Rocmdgk Xtotk wkrk rkapkgk , tmkHajjdssdag ug`krldgks tmot tkohmkrs movk rkpartk sdigdedhogt eoll dgtmk ottkgòghk rotks' Ekor og lohc ae erkkàj ae javkjkgt hagtdgukta mojpkr ohhkss ta shmaals ear hmdl rkg og ae tkohmkrs'

0' Rkhajjkgòtdags ae tmk HajjdssdagPmk vdalkghk mos oeekhtk` gat agly vulgkroblk iraups suhm os wajkg oghmdl rkg batm pmysdholly og psyhmalaidholly, but olsa tmk sahdol og`khagajdh eobrdh ae Rocmdgk Xtotk' Pmk rksult mos bkkg o brkocàwg dg

hajjugdhotdag og dgtkrohtdags bktwkkg tmk twa sd ks' Pmk mdstardholbdttkrgkss bktwkkg tmk twa sd ks mos pravd k ekrtdlk iraug ear rkgkwk`tkgsdags, jdstrust og vdalkghk' Pmkrkeark tmk Hajjdssdag rkhajjkg`s6

0'?' Rkldke og` rkturg prairojs6

Pmk outmardtdks gkk ta osskss og o``rkss hmdl jolgutrdtdag dg

Rocmdgk Xtotk'


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Ldvkldmaa appartugdtdks ear eojdldks gkk ta bk urikgtly hrkotk og`

kxpog`k '

Bkeark tmk orrdvol ae tmk jagsaag skosag, dgtkrgolly dsplohk`pkrsags -D@^s$ldvdgi dg dgo`kquotk tkjparory smkltkrs just bk

javk dgta jark skhurk budl dgis, og avkrhraw dgi dg D@ hojps

just bk rkùhk '

Pmk outmardtdks gkk ta kgsurk soek wotkr og sueedhdkgt sogdtotdag

eohdldtdks dg D@ hojps og ojagist tmk D@ papulotdag'

Pmk erustrotdag, troujo og ogxdkty kxpkrdkghk by hajjugdtdks

gkk ta bk o` rkssk , dghlu dgi tmrauim psyhmdotrdh suppart og`

haugskldgi'

Haghrktk jkosurks just bk ug`krtockg ta rkapkg shmaals og ta

kgsurk tmot hmdl rkg ork oblk ta ia ta shmaal'

0'2' Xmart og` lagi*tkrj strotkidks ta rkhaghdlk d eekrkghks6

Hdvdh kùhotdag just bk djplkjkgtk ta haugtkr kxtrkjdst

tkohmdgis, kspkhdolly dg rkldidaus shmaals ear Jusldj hajjugdtdks dgRocmdgk Xtotk' O` dtdagolly, tmksk Jusldj hajjugdtdks just bk

oblk ta eughtdag dg tmk Jyogjor logiuoik3 ta tmds kg , eughtdagol

ldtkrohy haursks 2 gkk ta bk djplkjkgtk ojagi tmksk

hajjugdtdks'

O lahol EJ ro da stotdag brao`hostdgi dg lahol logiuoiks smaul bkkstobldsmk , eallawk by o PU hmoggkl'

Pmk Gotdagol Iavkrgjkgt smaul rkiulorly dssuk ohhurotk og`

tdjkly dgearjotdag ag kvkgts, sa os ta ovad rujaurs ar tmk jdsuskae tmk jk do tmrauim dgstdiotars skkcdgi ta àjdgotk tmk jk do og`dgelojk tmk sdtuotdag' Pmds waul olsa ia o lagi woy tawor shajbottdgi prapoiogò, jdsdgearjotdag og rujaurs'

Oll iraups just bk oblk ta spkoc tmk Jyogjor logiuoik, og`

ug`krstog Jyogjors tro dtdagol hulturks' Jkosurks ta prajatk

suhm lkorgdgi gkk ta bk djplkjkgtk '

Hajjugdhotdag og dgtkrohtdag smaul bk prajatk bktwkkg tmk

Rocmdgk og Bkgiold pkaplks'

Jkosurks gkk ta bk tockg ta dgstdl o skgsk ae layolty og`

ollkidoghk ta tmk [gdag ae Jyogjor'

Pmk mujog rdimts ae oll iraups just bk pratkhtk '

Dg `koldgi wdtm dllkiol djjdirogts, tmk iavkrgjkgt smaul kgsurk

o`mkrkghk ta mujog rdimts prdghdplks ug`kr oll dgtkrgotdagol

2 Hollk Om*tmag*Lag dg tmk Burjksk logiuoik'


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hagvkgtdags og mujog rdimts lows rotdedk ar ohhk`k ta by tmkRkpubldh ae tmk [gdag ae Jyogjor'

Pmk iavkrgjkgt gkk`s ta urikgtly dgdtdotk o prahkss ear kxojdgdgi

tmk hdtdzkgsmdp stotus ae pkaplk dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, djplkjkgtdgi tmk

pravdsdags ae tmk hurrkgt ?4=2 Hdtdzkgsmdp Low'

Pmk outmardtdks gkk ta kgsurk tmot fustdhk og tmk rulk ae low

prkvodl dg rksalvdgi prablkjs'

Outmardtdks wdll gkk ta hagvkgk o Posc Earhk hajprdsdgi ja`krotk

lko`krs eraj batm sd ks ae tmk dvd k, ta avkrskk djplkjkgtotdag aetmk rkhajjkg`k jkosurks'

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt gkk`s ta bog tmk usk ae motk logiuoik by og`

oiodgst ogy rkldidag' Dg portdhulor, dt gkk`s ta earbd kxtrkjdsttkohmdgis og ohtdvdtdks'

Pmk rkspagsdblk outmardtdks gkk ta bog logiuoik og ohtdags tmot

dgelojk tkgsdags og hrkotk hageldht'

Pmk iavkrgjkgt gkk`s ta dssuk ohhurotk og eoht*bosk gkws ta

kgsurk apkggkss og trogsporkghy og ta haugtkr rujaurs og`

eolskmaa`s'

Oll vdlloiks og hajjugdtdks smaul bk oblk ta rkhkdvk harrkht og`eohtuol gkws vdo ro da prairojjks, gkws bullktdgs, og publdho``rkss systkjs'

0'8' Jkosurks tawor`s rkhaghdldotdag og` pkohkeul ha*kxdstkghk6

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt og oll rkspagsdblk kgtdtdks smaul kgsurk tmot tmkmujog rdimts ae oll portdks dgvalvk dg tmk hageldht ork pratkhtk og`upmkl , kvkg de tmkdr hdtdzkgsmdp stotus ds ughlkor'

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul `kol wdtm dllkiol djjdirogts dg o vdsdblkog trogsporkgt prahkss dg ohhar oghk wdtm tmk haugtrys kxdstdgilows'

Bkgiold hdtdzkgs smaul bk idvkg tmk sojk rdimts os atmkr Jyogjorhdtdzkgs og gat bk dshrdjdgotk oiodgst, og tmkg agly dg strdhthajpldoghk wdtm tmk low'

O rkvdkw ae tmk hdtdzkgsmdp stotus ae Bkgiolds dg Rocmdgk Xtotksmaul bk ug`krtockg dg o vdsdblk og trogsporkgt prahkss, osbkhajdgi hdtdzkgs wdll mklp tmkj ldvk rkspagsdbly dg tmk haugtry og`

bkhajk dgtkirotk ' O strdhtkr og jark hamkrkgt paldhy oiodgst dllkiol djjdirotdag

smaul bk djplkjkgtk ear oll earkdigkrs' Pmk rulk ae low smaul bk djplkjkgtk shrupulausly og eodrly by

oll hdvdl skrvogts os o jkogs ta ovad tkgsdags og os o prablkj*salvdgi jkhmogdsj'

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul eastkr kghaugtkrs bktwkkgrkprkskgtotdvks ae tmk Rocmdgk og tmk Bkgiold hajjugdtdks dgar kr ta mklp tmkj ta edg jkogs ae pkohkeul ha*kxdstkghk'


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Pa tmot kg tmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul warc wdtm hdvdl sahdkty lko`krsog rkldidaus ariogdsotdags, olsa ta eohdldtotk Dgtkreodtm @dolaiukEarujs ta eastkr bkttkr jutuol ug`krstog dgi bktwkkg tmkrkldidags'

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul hagùht o rkvdkw ae oll rkldidausdgstdtutdags dg Rocmdgk Xtotk ta kgsurk tmot kxtrkjdst ar motk

tkohmdgis oiodgst spkhdedh rkldidaus ar ktmgdh iraups ork gatprohtdhk ' Pmk Jdgdstry ae Rkldidaus Oeeodrs smaul dssuk ohkrtdedhotdag ta tmask kvoluotk os apkrotdgi wdtmdg tmk low'

Xmaul eojdly ploggdgi bk djplkjkgtk dt just bk àgk dg o gag*dshrdjdgotary eosmdag og just bk bosk ag tmk prdghdplk ae

valugtory portdhdpotdag' Pmk Iavkrgjkgt just tock jkosurks ta kgsurk tmot tmk hmdl rkg ae

ugrkidstkrk ugdags rkhkdvk àhujkgtotdag og ork rkidstkrk ' Pmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul kghauroik tmk kstobldsmjkgt og`

hkrtdedhotdag ae o hurrdhuluj ear rkldidaus shmaals'

0'0' Jkosurks ta prajatk tmk rulk ae low6

Oll hajjugdtdks gkk ta bk kùhotk ag tmk rklkvogt lows,rkiulotdags og paldhdks og ag tmk goturk ae soghtdags ear tmask

wma brkoc tmk low' Rocmdgk Xtotks hdvdl skrvdhk gkk`s ta bk

strkgitmkgk , dg portdhulor, tmk Aeedhk ae Ikgkrol O`jdgdstrotdag og`tmk @kportjkgt ae Rkldidaus Oeeodrs'

Pmk outmardtdks gkk ta skt up systkjs ear hageldht rksalutdag, ear

ogolysds og djplkjkgtotdag ae Jyogjor lows og rkiulotdags, ogèar prkvkgtdag ae dllkiol djjdirotdag'

Pmk Iavkrgjkgt smaul kstobldsm o `kportjkgt tmot haul eughtdag

os o hageldht jogoikjkgt hkgtrk'

Iavkrgjkgt oikghdks rkspagsdblk ear skhurdty smaul dghrkosk ogàptdjdsk haapkrotdag og hallobarotdag wdtm agk ogatmkr'

Xkhurdty earhks dg Rocmdgk smaul gat bk wdtm rowg gar smaul

earhk lkvkls bk rkùhk dg ogy sdigdedhogt gujbkrs dg tmk smart og`

jk duj*tkrj'

Bar kr skhurdty just bk dghrkosk ' O scdllk earhk, spkhdolly trodgk`

dg prkvkgtdgi og rksalvdgi hageldhts, smaul bk put dg plohk os o

prkvkgtdvk jkosurk' Xuhm o earhk just bk trodgk og kqudppk`

wdtm ja`krg og oppraprdotk jkogs ae rdat hagtral' O bajb squo`

olsa gkk`s ta bk kstobldsmk ta iuor oiodgst ohtdags by kxtrkjdstiraups'

Dg tmk kvkgt tmot dgtkrvkgtdag by tmk Potjoòw -Orjk` Earhks$ ds

gkk`k ta prkvkgt ar stap skhtordog vdalkghk, tmask earhks just bko`kquotkly kqudppk wdtm wkopags ear rdat hagtral'

Pmk skhurdty earhks ta prkvkgt vdalkghk just bk eully prkpork og`

oblk ta ohhkss oll orkos ropd ly' Pa tmds kg , tmky smaul bkkqudppk wdtm ja`krg tklkhajjugdhotdags systkjs, oll*wkotmkr

vkmdhlks, spkk`baots og atmkr sudtoblk jkogs ae trogspart'


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Pmk ralk ae tmk Govy gkk`s ta bk kxpog`k og strkgitmkgk ' Pa

tmds kg , haostol roòr stotdags og potral odrhroet smaul bkkstobldsmk ' Hlask*hdrhudt tklkvdsdag hojkros og purpask*budlt

eohdldtdks ork gkk`k ear 20*maur survkdlloghk olagi tmk bar kr'

Pa warc hlaskly wdtm tmk Govy, o jordgk ar haostol potral earhk

smaul bk kstobldsmk og kqudppk wdtm SossoultZ mdim*spkk`baots, dg ar kr ta kgsurk keekhtdvk potralldgi ae tmk Rocmdgk haost'

O Xpkhdol Pkoj hajpask ae hdvdldogs og jdldtory pkrsaggkl gkk`s

ta bk kstobldsmk og put dg hmorik ae iotmkrdgi dgtklldikghk ag

kxtrkjdst ariogdzotdags og vdalkgt iraups'

Os og urikgt prdardty, tmk ariogdzotdag ae Djjdirotdag skrvdhkpkrsaggkl -Lo*Yo*Co$ dg Rocmdgk Xtotk just bk strkgitmkgk '

Pmk Bar kr Djjdirotdag Mko`quortkrs pkrsaggkl -BDM_ ar Go*Xo*

Co$ dg Rocmdgk Xtotk mos dssuk hkrtodg o`jdgdstrotdvk ar krs

pkrtodgdgi ta hagtral ae tmk tkrrdtary' Xuhm hagtral just bk hagtdguk '

Pmk outmardtdks smaul kgsurk tmot Rocmdgk Xtotk mos og kxhkllkgt

trogspartotdag gktwarc' Bogilo`ksm mos shmkùlk ikgkrol klkhtdags dg @khkjbkr 2>?8'

Xpdll*avkr keekhts suhm os ugrkst og dgedltrotdag by kxtrkjdst

iraups joy oeekht tmk bar kr rkidags dg Rocmdgk Xtotk'Ohhar dgily, skhurdty og atmkr gkhkssory orrogikjkgts smaul bk

jo`k wkll dg o`voghk'

Pmk outmardtdks gkk ta kgsurk tmot tmask wma brkoc tmk low ork

trdk og pugdsmk swdetly eallawdgi ùk prahkss, drrkspkhtdvk ae

tmkdr ktmgdh ardidg -ar stotus ae lkioldty$ os oll smaul bk kquol bkeark

tmk low'

Oll wma ldvk dg Jyogjor, dghlu dgi hdvdl skrvogts, ork subfkht ta tmk

haugtrys lows, rkiulotdags og lkiol prahkùrks og smaul eallawtmksk rdiarausly' Pmask wma brkoc tmk low ar oht autsd k tmkprahkùrks og rkiulotdags smaul bk praskhutk ohhar dgi ta tmk

low'

0';' Jkosurks ta prajatk sahdol og` khagajdh kvklapjkgt6

Pmk Hajjdssdag haghlu`ks tmot pavkrty og lohc ae khagajdhappartugdtdks wkrk dg ga sjoll woy port ae tmk kgobldgi eohtars tmoteastkrk tmk autbrkoc ae vdalkghk dg Rocmdgk, tmk rkpart prkskgts

skvkrol rkhajjkgòtdags ear tmk djpravkjkgt ae tmk khagajdh`kvklapjkgt tmkrk' Obavk oll kstobldsmdgi skhurdty og tmk rulk ae low ds djpkrotdvk ear

khagajdh `kvklapjkgt ta bkidg3 dg tmk lagikr tkrj tmk`kvklapjkgt og djpravkjkgt ae tmk trogspart gktwarc orkksskgtdol'

Pmk dgtraùhtdag ae o gkw og mdimkr*ydkl rdhk strodg wdll bkgkhkssory ta rodsk praùhtdvdty dg oirdhulturk, os wkll os o`kquotksuppart ear eorjkrs'


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dx

Og oppraprdotk lkidslotdvk erojkwarc og dts djplkjkgtotdag,taiktmkr wdtm tkhmgdhol ossdstoghk, ja`krg kqudpjkgt og baotswdll bk rkqudrk ta `kvklap tmk edsmkry skhtar og ta jogoik tmkkxpladtotdag ae tmk oquotdh rksaurhks'

Pmk hagtravkrsdks oraug log *awgkrsmdp gkk ta bk rksalvk dg otrogsporkgt og prk dhtoblk joggkr'

Pmk kxtkgt ta wmdhm gag*hdtdzkgs hog og smaul bk dgharparotk dgtmk oirdhulturk og edsmkry skhtars gkk`s ta bk `khd k og`djplkjkgtk eodrly' Mawkvkr tmk Hajjdssdag rkhajjkg`sollawdgi tmask wdtm tmk hopohdty ta warc ta à sa'

Pmk maldstdh rkhagstruhtdag ae majks, `kstrayk dgerostruhturk,kgmoghkjkgt ae trogspart og hajjugdhotdag dg tmk rkidag gkk tabk ug`krtockg'

Busdgkss awgkrs eraj deekrkgt rkldidaus og ktmgdh iraups gkk tawarc taiktmkr dg o haapkrotdvk joggkr ta rkstark haged kghk og`tro`k wdtmdg tmk Xtotk' O bkttkr osskssjkgt ae dgùstrdol og`praùhtdag gkk`s just tock plohk, olsa tocdgi dgta ohhaugt tmko``k voluk tmot praùhtdag dg Rocmdgk haul brdgi dg hajpordsagta dgùstrdks dg gkdimbaurdgi Bogilo`ksm og dg Hmdgo'

Bdi dgvkstjkgt prafkhts suhm os tmk `kkp*sko part prafkht dgCyoucpyu gkk ta bk skkg os olsa bkgkedtdgi tmk lahol og tmkavkroll papulotdag ae Rocmdgk Xtotk'

Pmk taurdsj skhtar og lahol dgùstrdks rkqudrk tkhmgdhol og`vahotdagol kùhotdag og trodgdgi'

Edgolly jkogs smaul bk eaug ta jock law*dgtkrkst hrk dt kosdlyovodloblk'

;' Edgol hajjkgts og` abskrvotdags

Pmk rkpart mos twa o` dtdagol hmoptkrs ag tmk tkrjdgalaiy ae Bkgiold rotmkr

tmog Ramdgiyo -Hmoptkr ?>$ og ag tmk pkrhkptdag tmk publdh mos aedgtkrgotdagol ariogdsotdags -Hmoptkr ??$' Dt edgdsmks wdtm rkhajjkgòtdagsspkhdedholly ear tmk jk do -Hmoptkr ?8$ bkeark haghlu dgi tmot `kspdtk oll tmkhmollkgiks tmk Hajjdssdag wos oblk ta dshmorik dts ùtdks dg og o`kquotkjoggkr, edg dgi tmot tmk raats ae tmk tkgsdags bktwkkg tmk hajjugdtdks ork`kkp og hajplkx kxtkg dgi avkr skvkrol ikgkrotdags' Pmk Hajjdssdagtmrauim dts rkpart worgs tmot os lagi os tmk raat housks ork gat o` rkssk ,tmk vdalkghk hog sporc kosdly os tmkrk ork dgstdiotars ohtdvk dg batmhajjugdtdks' Ear tmds gat ta moppkg, batm hajjugdtdks gkk ta portdhdpotkohtdvkly, wdtm tmk Iavkrgjkgts lko`krsmdp, dg tmk djplkjkgtotdag ae tmkrkhajjkg`k jkosurks'


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?' Dgtraùhtdag

?'?' Xkhtordog vdalkghk bktwkkg Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold pkaplk elork` up dg Fugk

og` Ahtabkr 2>?2, rksultdgi by aeedhdol haugt dg ?42 `kotms, 25; dgfurk` og` tmk

`kstruhtdag ae =,5?0 mausks' Pmk vdalkghk mo` o praeaug` pmysdhol, psyhmalaidhol

og` khagajdh djpoht ag lahol hajjugdtdks og` bkyag`' Dt olsa lk` ta

jdsug`krstog`dgis bktwkkg Jyogjor og` tmk dgtkrgotdagol hajjugdty' Xuhm

vdalkghk hlkorly mos tmk patkgtdol ta djpoht tmk haugtrys paldtdhol og` khagajdh

rkearjs' Ag ?9 Ouiust 2>?2, wdtm o vdkw ta pkohkeully rksalvdgi ktmgdh og` rkldidaus

`deekrkghks og` prkvkgtdgi eurtmkr prablkjs, ^rksd`kgt [ Pmkdg Xkdg ae tmk [gdag ae

tmk Rkpubldh ae Jyogjor oppadgtk` og Dgqudry Hajjdssdag' Pmk Hajjdssdag

jkjbkrs og` sahdol rkskorhm suppart tkojs hagùhtk` edkl`warc ùrdgi ?> vdsdts ta

?? oeekhtk` tawgsmdps dg Rocmdgk Xtotk' Ag tmask edkl` trdps, tmk tkojs hallkhtk`

rkparts og` dgearjotdag eraj o wd`k rogik ae pkaplk, dghlu`dgi hdvdl skrvogts,

rkldidaus og` hdvdl sahdkty lko`krs, busdgkss awgkrs og` tmk publdh' Pmk tkojs olsa

hagùhtk` eahus iraup `dshussdags og` dgtkrvdkws, og` abskrvk` dgtkrohtdags wdtmdg

og` bktwkkg tmk `deekrkgt iraups' Pmk rkskorhm odjk` ta kxojdgk og` ogolyzk tmk

sdtuotdag bktwkkg tmk twa iraups og` jock rkhajjkgòtdags dg ldgk wdtm tmk

Hajjdssdags jogòtk skt by tmk ^rksd`kgt'

?'2' Rkskorhm jktmaàlaiy

?'2'?' Pmk survkys usk` o wkdimtk`, purpasdvk sojpldgi oppraohm ta sklkht orkos

tmot wkrk rkprkskgtotdvk dg tkrjs ae papulotdag gujbkrs og` ktmgdh jdx'? Pmk

sojpldgi wos strotdedk` dgta urbog orkos, kosdly ohhkssdblk rurol orkos, og` rkjatkorkos' Ydtmdg kohm tawg ar vdlloik tmus sklkhtk`, tmk rkskorhm tkojs hmask

dgtkrvdkwkks bosk` ag sahda*khagajdh hmorohtkrdstdhs, suhm os kùhotdag, dghajk

og` ikg`kr, ta pravd`k tmk brao`kst rkprkskgtotdag passdblk ear tmot lahotdag' Ydtmdg

tmksk orkos og` hajjugdtdks, quato sojpldgi wos usk` ta sklkht dgtkrvdkwkks' Pmk

tkojs usk` mauskmal` qukstdaggodrks, dg*`kptm dgtkrvdkws, eahus iraup `dshussdags

og` abskrvotdag jktma`s ta hallkht tmk òto'

?'2'2' Oltaiktmkr, tmk Hajjdssdag wos oblk ta hagùht dgtkrvdkws wdtm 2,>>>

pkaplk, hajprdsdgi ?,2>> Rocmdgk og` =>> Bkgiolds' Eahus iraup dgtkrvdkws os wkll

os dg*`kptm dgtkrvdkws wkrk hagùhtk` ojagist hajjugdty kl`krs!lko`krs, yautm

iraups og` wajkgs iraups, `kpkg`dgi ag tmk prkvodldgi sdtuotdag ot tmk tdjk'

Eurtmkr prabdgi wos hagùhtk` tmrauim quoldtotdvk dg*`kptm dgtkrvdkws ae cky

wdtgkssks' Prdogiulotdag wos kgsurk` by haugtkr*hmkhcdgi eohts og` usdgi edkl`

abskrvotdag dg tmk oeekhtk` hajjugdtdks, os tdjk ollawk`'

?'2'8' O``dtdagolly, tmk Hajjdssdag rkvdkwk` tmk jogy rkparts og` tkstdjagdks dt

rkhkdvk`' Pmrauim hkrtodg Hajjdssdag jkjbkrs, tmk Hajjdssdag wos oblk ta

ohhkss dgearjotdag eraj dgtkrgotdagol oho`kjdh dgstdtutdags, eraj tmk [gdag ae

Jyogjor Gotdagol Orhmdvks og` eraj prdvotk ldbrordks' Pmk Hajjdssdag olsa

? Pkhmgdhol gatk6 o purkly quogtdtotdvk survky waul` movk bkkg `deedhult idvkg tmk lohc ae upòtk` papulotdag òto ear tmk sojpldgi erojk'


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rkhkdvk` àhujkgts eraj skvkrol dg`dvdùols og` ossahdotdags dg Rocmdgk Xtotk'

Xkhtdag ?'0 `kshrdbks tmk hagstrodgts kghaugtkrk` dg tmk Hajjdssdags warc'

?'8' Xhapk ae tmk stu`y

?'8'?' Pmk Hajjdssdag wos oblk ta stu`y og` ogolysk tmk hurrkgt sdtuotdag og`

ottdtu`ks ae tmk hajjugdtdks tmrauim dts survkys og` edkl` warc' O hrass*skhtdagol

ogolysds wos hagùhtk` ae tmk kdimt orkos jogòtk` by tmk ^rksd`kgt ae tmk [gdag ae

Jyogjor'2

?'0' Hagstrodgts kghaugtkrk` by tmk Hajjdssdag

?'0'?' Xajk oeekhtk` hajjugdtdks pkrhkdvk` tmk Hajjdssdag os og kgtdty ear

rksalvdgi oll tmkdr prablkjs ' Pmk Hajjdssdags rkskorhm tkojs eaug` tmot suhm

pkaplk tkg`k` ta kxoiikrotk tmkdr prablkjs og` wkrk gat wdlldgi ta ldstkg ta tmk

Hajjdssdags qukstdags' Dg o``dtdag, sajk Bkgiold hajjugdty lko`krs abtodgk` tmk

tklkpmagk!jabdlk gujbkrs ae Hajjdssdag jkjbkrs eraj hkrtodg Jusldj lko`krs dgTogiag og` ag ahhosdag hollk` Hajjdssdag jkjbkrs ta rkhdtk o lagi ldst ae

prablkjs'

?'0'2' Xajk Bkgiolds dg Rocmdgk Xtotk og` sajk Jusldj lko`krs dg Togiag trdk`

ta dgelukghk tmk Hajjdssdags dgtkrvdkws by dgstruhtdgi Bkgiold rkspag`kgts ag maw

ta ogswkr tmk Hajjdssdags qukstdags' Ear kxojplk, oetkr tmk Hajjdssdags

rkskorhm tkoj mo` hagùhtk` og dgtkrvdkw, tmk edrst rkspag`kgts waul` dgearj

Jusldj lko`krs dg Togiag obaut tmk qukstdags' Dg turg, tmksk Jusldj lko`krs waul`

dgstruht sajk Bkgiold hajjugdtdks dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, by tklkpmagk, os ta tmk bkst

rkspagsks ear tmk Hajjdssdag' Kvkry rkspag`kgt dgtkrvdkwk` subskqukgtly waul`

tmkg idvk tmk sojk ogswkrs' Pmk rkskorhm tkoj kvkg eaug` tmot sajk Bkgiolds mo`

wrdttkg àwg tmk ogswkrs ag pdkhks ae popkr, ta wmdhm tmky rkekrrk` ta ùrdgi tmk

dgtkrvdkws' Xajk Bkgiolds tkg`k` ta ogswkr wdtmaut kvkg ldstkgdgi ta tmk

Hajjdssdags qukstdags' Mawkvkr, de tmk dgtkrvdkwkrs `kvdotk` eraj tmk skt ar`kr ae

qukstdags dg tmk survky, tmask sojk rkspag`kgts haul` ga lagikr ogswkr

oppraprdotkly'

?'0'8' Pmk hageldht bktwkkg tmk Rocmdgk og` Bkgiolds olsa oeekhtk` tmk

Hajjdssdags warc' Pmk Rocmdgk pkrhkdvk` tmk Hajjdssdags gkutrol stoghk os

haugtkr ta tmk rdimts ae tmk Rocmdgk Podgi*Tdg*Pmo'8 Pmds upskt sajk Rocmdgk

iraups, wma hagskqukgtly `d` gat ogswkr tmk Hajjdssdags qukstdags wdlldgily' Agtmk atmkr mog`, Bkgiolds dgtkrekrk` dg tmk sklkhtdag ae dgtkrvdkwkks' Pmrauim pmagk

hagvkrsotdags wdtm Bkgiolds ldvdgi dg Rocmdgk, sajk Bkgiold lko`krs ldvdgi dg

Togiag waul` sklkht Bkgiold rkspag`kgts ta bk dgtkrvdkwk` by tmk Hajjdssdag'

Ymkgkvkr tmk Hajjdssdag trdk` ta sklkht dts awg rkspag`kgts, tmky waul` abfkht'

Xajk dg`kpkg`kgtly sklkhtk` Bkgiold rkspag`kgts `d` gat haapkrotk wdtm tmk

Hajjdssdag6 tmky waul` `kldbkrotkly idvk rkspagsks tmot ovad`k` tmk qukstdags, ar

2Progslotdag gatk6 skk eaatgatk ?? ag tmk kdimt toscs'8 Progslotdag gatk6 Pmk aeedhdol `kedgdtdag ae Podgi*Tdg*Pmo -dg`dikgaus ktmgdh iraup$ ds6 Gotdagols suhm os Cohmdg, Coyom, Coydg, Hmdg,

Bojor, Jag, Rocmdgk, Xmog og` ktmgdh iraup wma skttlk` dg ogy tkrrdtary dghlu`k` wdtmdg tmk Xtotk os tmkdr pkrjogkgt majk prdar ta ?=28

O@' Oltaiktmkr ?8; Podgi*Tdg*Pmo iraups ork `kedgk` by haghkrgk` iavkrgjkgt jdgdstrdks og` tmk ûbldh Xkrvdhk Hajjdssdag'


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tmky waul` rkpkotk`ly hmogik tmkdr rkspagsks' Bkhousk ae suhm dgtkrekrkghk, tmk

stotdstdhs abtodgk` eraj rkspag`kgts dg tmksk hajjugdtdks dg gartmkrg Rocmdgk Xtotk

hoggat bk rkldk` ag ar rkior`k` os rkprkskgtotdvk' Dg tmask hajjugdtdks, tmk

Hajjdssdag wos oblk ta dgtkrvdkw pkaplk agly oetkr kxtkrgol dgtkrvkgtdag'

?'0'0' Hallkhtdgi òto dg tmk jark rkjatk Rocmdgk ar Bkgiold skttlkjkgts olsaprkskgtk` `deedhultdks' Oltmauim dgtkrprktkrs wkrk usk` dg Bkgiold hajjugdtdks,

rkspag`kgts wkrk aetkg ugoblk ta rkspag` o`kquotkly' Ekw dgtkrprktkrs haul`

trogslotk batm woys bktwkkg tmk Jyogjor og` Bkgiold logiuoiks' O``dtdagolly,

sajk Bkgiold hajjugdtdks abfkhtk` ta dgtkrprktkrs wma mo` bkkg brauimt by tmk

Hajjdssdag os o hmkhc oiodgst tmk ohhurohy ae tmkdr Bkgiold haugtkrports'

?'0'; Pa avkrhajk sajk ae tmksk `deedhultdks, tmk Hajjdssdags rkskorhm tkoj

trodgk` lahol yaugi pkaplk dg tmk oppraprdotk jktmaàlaiy og` tosck` tmkj wdtm

hallkhtdgi sajk ae tmk òto' Ot tdjks, tmk rkskorhm tkojs wkgt qudktly ta hkrtodg

orkos ta hallkht òto, wdtmaut publdhdzdgi tmk trdp' Pmk tkojs haugtkr*hmkhck` tmk

vkrohdty ae stotkjkgts by rk*dgtkrvdkwdgi jogy rkspag`kgts'

?'0'5 Dg hallkhtdgi òto ear tmds rkpart, tmk Hajjdssdags rkskorhm tkoj wos

ugoblk ta usk o strdht prabobdldty ar rogàj sojpldgi ae sklkht hajjugdtdks og`

mauskmal`s, ùk ta tmk dgtkrekrkghk ae kxtkrgol iraups' Dgstko`, purpasdvk og` quato

sojpldgi wkrk usk` os jkgtdagk` dg poroiropm ?'2'?'

Pmds rkpart àks gat ottkjpt ta pravd`k o hajprkmkgsdvk pdhturk ae oll ospkhts ae tmk

Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold hajjugdtdks' Dgstko`, dt dg`dhotks tmk paldtdhol, khagajdh og`

sahdol hag`dtdags tmot kxdst og` ork stdll `kvklapdgi dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, os wkll os tmk

trkg`s tmot ollaw o `kkpkr ug`krstog`dgi ae tmk skhtordog vdalkghk' Bosk` ag tmksk

edg`dgis, tmk Rkpart jocks rkhajjkgòtdags ag khagajdh dssuks, ag bosdh gkk`s

suhm os eaa` skhurdty, smkltkr, mkoltm og` kùhotdag, ag tmk rulk ae low, ag pkohkeul

hakxdstkghk og` ag tmk jk`do'

2' Rocmdgk Xtotk6 Mdstardhol Bohciraug`

2'?' Rocmdgk Xtotk, sdtuotk` bktwkkg lotdtu`ks ?9?; og` 2??? Gartm og`

lagidtu`ks 42?? og` 40;; Kost, mos og orko ae obaut ?0,2>> squork jdlks -85,99=

squork cdlajktrks$' Dts haostldgk strkthmks olagi tmk Boy ae Bkgiol ear sajk 008

jdlks -9?8 cdlajktrks$' Pmk Xtotk hajprdsks 0 `dstrdhts, ?9 tawgsmdps og` 8 sub*tawgsmdps' Dg 2>??, tmk o`jdgdstrotdvk òto rkhar`k` o tatol papulotdag ae 8,88=,554

dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, hajprdsdgi 2,888,59> Bu``mdsts, 45=,2?= Jusldjs, 2;,2>5

Hmrdstdogs, =,59> Mdgùs og` 2,4>; Ogdjdsts' Dg tkrjs ae pkrhkgtoik, Bu``mdsts

hajprdsk` 54'4>+, Jusldjs 24+, Hmrdstdogs >'9;+, Mdgùs >'25+ og` Ogdjdsts

>'>4+ ae tmk tatol papulotdag' Pmk Xtotks papulotdag `kgsdty ds 28; pkrsags pkr

squork jdlk -4>'9= pkr squork cdlajktrk$' Dg hagtrost, gkdimbaurdgi Bogilo`ksm mos

o papulotdag `kgsdty sajk tkg tdjks irkotkr' Rocmdgk Xtotk ds majk ta o gujbkr ae

dg`dikgaus ktmgdh iraups -Podgi*Tdg*Pmo$ suhm os tmk Rocmdgk, Pmkt, @odgi*Gkt,

Jra, Cmojwkk, Cojog og` Jrojoriyd pkaplks' Pmk lorikst dg papulotdag ork tmk

Rocmdgk pkaplk, Pmkrovoò Bu``mdsts ear jogy hkgturdks og` agk ae Jyogjors


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dg`dikgaus Podgi*Tdg*Pmo pkaplks' Oggkx O pravd`ks jark `ktodls ag tmk

`kjairopmdh hajpasdtdag ae Rocmdgk Xtotk'

2'2' Pmk mdstary ae tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk dghlu`ks eaur jofar pkrda`s6

@moggyowo`d, Yod*Pmold, Lk*Jra, og` Jrouc*[ ^krda`s, ùrdgi wmdhm tdjk

dg`kpkg`kgt cdgiàjs elaurdsmk`, edrjly kstobldsmdgi tmk gotdagol d`kgtdty ae tmkRocmdgk pkaplk' Pmk jofardty ae Rocmdgk, yaugi og` al`, bkldkvk tmot ùrdgi tmk

Jrouc*[ pkrda`, sajk ae tmk jark pawkreul Rocmdgk cdgis kxtkg`k` savkrkdigty

avkr ?2 rkidags ae Bkgiol, dghlu`dgi Hmdttoiagi' Jogy Rocmdgk taòy stdll tock prd`k

dg wmot ds `kshrdbk` os o lujdgaus og` `dstdgiudsmk` mdstary' ^rkvodldgi vdkws

ojagist jogy Rocmdgk hog bk ortdhulotk` os Rocmdgk log` og` Rocmdgk Xtotk

bklagi ta tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk, Rocmdgk Xtotk ds agly ear tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk, og`

Rksaurhks eraj Rocmdgk log` just bkgkedt agly Rocmdgk Xtotk'

2'8' Xuhm ottdtu`ks oppkor ta bk kspkhdolly stragi ojagist tmk Rocmdgk wdtm

rkior` ta tmk Bkgiold0 dgmobdtogts ae Rocmdgk Xtotk og` wma ork ae tmk Jusldj eodtm'

Gagktmklkss, rkhar`s smaw o lagi mdstary ae pkohkeul rklotdags bktwkkg tmk Rocmdgk

pkaplk og` Jusldj iraups' O mdstardhol rkvdkw smaws tmot tmk Rocmdgk movk olwoys

bkkg tmk àjdgogt iraup dg Rocmdgk Xtotk' Gat agly `d` tmky movk tmk lorikst

papulotdag, but tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk wkrk olsa tmk ruldgi hloss wma awgk` tmk log`

og` hagtrallk` tmk rkidags khagajy' Dg hagtrost, tmk Bkgiold pkaplk dg Rocmdgk

Xtotk warck` tro`dtdagolly os àjkstdh warckrs og` lobaurkrs skrvdgi tmk Rocmdgk

og` tmkdr busdgkssks' [p ta tmot tdjk, ga jofar hageldht wos rkpartk` bktwkkg tmk

twa iraups'

2'0' Dg tmk post, tmk log` ae Jyogjor dghlu`dgi Rocmdgk Xtotk wos blkssk`

wdtm obugògt log` og` wotkr rksaurhks, og` wos sporskly papulotk` hajpork` tadts gkdimbaurs' Pmk Brdtdsm halagdol earhks ahhupdk` Rocmdgk Xtotk dg tmk korldkr port

ae tmk ?4tm hkgtury, subskqukgtly hmogidgi log` awgkrsmdp paldhdks ta bkgkedt tmkdr

halagdol khagajy' Pmky kxpog`k` tmk log` ug`kr hultdvotdag og` brauimt dg lorik

gujbkrs ae Dg`dog lobaurkrs og` kgtkrprkgkurs ta skttlk dg Rocmdgk Xtotk' Eraj tmkg

ag, tmk Rocmdgk rkidag sow tmk orrdvol ae dghrkosdgi gujbkrs ae earkdig skttlkrs,

dghlu`dgi Bkgiolds' Pmk papulotdag irawtm rotks ojagist tmksk djjdirogt iraups

wkrk skvkrol tdjks mdimkr tmog tmask ae tmk dg`dikgaus pkaplks ae Rocmdgk'

Eurtmkrjark, atmkr jofar `deekrkghks bktwkkg tmk Rocmdgk og` Jusldj Bkgiolds dg

rkldidag, tro`dtdagol prohtdhks, hulturk og` sahdol garjs jkogt tmot tmk rkspkhtdvk

iraups `d` gat kosdly ohhkpt tmk atmkr' Ear kxojplk, Rocmdgk à gat jorry JusldjBkgiolds, os smawg by tmk kxtrkjk rordty ae Rocmdgk*Jusldj hauplks' Avkr tmk

`kho`ks, tmksk twa iraups movk ldvk` wdtmaut jdgildgi, dg skporotk hajjugdtdks

wdtm storcly `deekrkgt hmorohtkrdstdhs'

2';' Pmk Rocmdgk sow tmk Jusldj Bkgiolds os khagajdh djjdirogts wma kgtkrk`

tmkdr haugtry dg skorhm ae warc' Pmky eklt tmot tmky, tmk gotdvk Rocmdgk pkaplk, wkrk

tmk masts, og` tmot tmk iuksts smaul` eully rkspkht tmkdr masts' Ag tmkdr sd`k, tmk

Bkgiolds dg Rocmdgk Xtotk qudhcly `kjagstrotk` tmkdr hopohdty ta warc

0Pmask wma ork gat ae tmk ?8; dg`dikgaus ktmgdh iraups ae Jyogjor, ohhar`dgi ta tmk haugtrys Hagstdtutdag og` aeedhdol àhujkgts,

movk olwoys bkkg hlossdedk` ohhar`dgi ta tmkdr ktmgdh raat os Bkgiold, Dg`dog, Hmdgksk, kth' Ear kxojplk, tmk rohk og` hdtdzkgsmdp ae

Hmdgksk hdtdzkgs ae Jyogjor ork wrdttkg ag tmkdr d`kgtdedhotdag hor`s os Hmdgksk! Jyogjor'


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ughajplodgdgily dg jkgdol og` paarly*pod` fabs, aetkg àdgi warc tmot ga agk klsk

wos wdlldgi ta à' Pmky ldvk` eruiolly, sovdgi wmkrk tmky haul`'

2'5' @kspdtk tmkdr dgdtdol hdrhujstoghks, sajk Bkgiolds bkhojk wkoltmy dg lotkr

ykors' Dg dgtkrvdkws, Rocmdgk pkaplk rkhaugt maw tmk Bkgiolds mo` iaa`

haggkhtdags og` rkhkdvk` stragi suppart eraj autsd`k iraups, wmdhm tmkg lk` taBkgiold awgkrsmdp ar hagtral ae skvkrol bdi busdgkssks' Xajk Bkgiolds wkrk

tmkrkeark oblk ta skdzk irkotkr paldtdhol og` khagajdh appartugdtdks tmog tmk Rocmdgk,

haul` euklldgi dgtkr*hajjugol rkskgtjkgt og` `dssotdseohtdag'

2'9' Pmk Iavkrgjkgts mog`ldgi ae tmk hdtdzkgsmdp prahkss

2'9'?' Pmk kxrkjkly ropd` irawtm rotk ae tmk Bkgiold papulotdag dg Rocmdgk Xtotk

olsa hagtrdbutk` ta ekor og` dgskhurdty ojagist tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk' Pmk irawtm wos

gat agly ùk ta mdim bdrtm rotks, but olsa ta o stko`y dghrkosk ae dllkiol djjdirotdag

eraj gkdimbaurdgi Bogilo`ksm' Jogy Rocmdgk bkldkvk` tmds wos ùk ta wkocgkssks

dg prkvdaus iavkrgjkgts' Eallawdgi Jyogjors dg`kpkg`kghk eraj Brdtodg dg ?40=,tmk jogy dgtkrgol dgsurikghdks, dghursdags by kxtkrgol orjk` iraups dgta tmk

haugtrys tkrrdtary, og` paldtdhol ugrkst prkvkgtk` tmk Iavkrgjkgt eraj systkjotdholly

o``rkssdgi tmk dssuk ae dllkiol djjdirotdag' Dg ?49=, ug`kr tmk tmkg Burjo Xahdoldst

^rairoj ôrty Iavkrgjkgt, tmk jdgdstrdks ae Majk Oeeodrs og` Rkldidaus Oeeodrs

hagùhtk` tmk Goio*Jdg Hojpodig ta rkvdkw tmk stotus ae earkdigkrs ldvdgi wdtmdg tmk

haugtry, eahusdgi ag Jyogjors bar`kr rkidags' Oltmauim prablkjs wkrk gat

kghaugtkrk` dg Cohmdg, Xmog, Corkg og` Jag Xtotks, tmk Goio*Jdg Hojpodig

kghaugtkrk` `deedhultdks dg Rocmdgk Xtotk'

2'9'2' Dg Ekbruory ?49=, tmk Goio*Jdg Hojpodig bkiog dg Xdttwk hdty, wdtm tmkportdhdpotdag ae tmk Potjoòw,; tmk paldhk, djjdirotdag pkrsaggkl, og` vordaus

iavkrgjkgt ariogdzotdags' Dg tatol, 2>> iavkrgjkgt stoee hagùhtk` tmk hojpodig' Dg

Xdttwk, ?,2;= dllkiol djjdirogts wkrk eaug` og` `kpartk`' Pmk skhag` stoik,

hagùhtk` dg Butmkktougi, ughavkrk` ?89 dllkiol djjdirogts og` oiodg, sdjdlor

ohtdag wos tockg' Pawor`s tmk kg` ae tmk hojpodigs skhag` stoik, laatdgi og`

ottohcs by lahol jabs og` `kstruhtdag ae Podgi*Tdg*Pmo vdlloiks olagi tmk gartmkrg

bar`krs ae Rocmdgk Xtotk wdtm gkdimbaurdgi Bogilo`ksm put jark prkssurk ag tmk

iavkrgjkgt ta oht' Pmkrk wkrk olsa `kstobdldsdgi rujaurs og` prapoiogò

`dsskjdgotk` by earkdig saurhks, hajbdgk` wdtm `dplajotdh prkssurk eraj

gkdimbaurdgi haugtrdks' Ot tmot tdjk, tmk prahkss ae bar`kr `kjorhotdag bktwkkgBogilo`ksm og` Jyogjor wos stdll gat hajplktk' Dg Jorhm ?49=, tmk Iavkrgjkgt ae

Bogilo`ksm jo`k og aeedhdol pratkst ta tmk Iavkrgjkgt ae Jyogjor, haghkrgdgi

pkaplk hrassdgi dgta dts tkrrdtary og` tmk gkk` ta hagtral tmk sdtuotdag olagi tmk

bar`kr' Pmk Bogilo`ksm Iavkrgjkgt gatk` tmot suhm dssuks wkrk idvdgi tmk

Bogilo`ksm appasdtdag paldtdhol ojjugdtdag og` osck` Jyogjor Iavkrgjkgt ta stap

tmk Goio*Jdg hojpodig' Oll tmk wmdlk, Bogilo`ksms jk`do og` sajk lko`dgi

Jusldj ariogdzotdags wkrk kxmartdgi tmk Bogilo`ksm Iavkrgjkgt ta prkssurk tmk

Jyogjor Iavkrgjkgt, dghlu`dgi `kjog`s ta brdgi tmk hosk bkeark tmk [gdtk`

Gotdags'

; Progslotdag gatk6 Potjoòw6 Orjk` Earhks ae tmk [gdag ae Jyogjor


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2'9'8' Dg Oprdl ?49=, tmk Bogilo`ksm Iavkrgjkgt stotk` tmot tmk Jyogjor

Iavkrgjkgt, by kxpklldgi pkaplk dg dts bar`kr hojps, bark rkspagsdbdldty ear laatdgi

og` vdalkghk oiodgst hojp dgmobdtogts' Pmk Bogilo`ksm Iavkrgjkgt olsa dgtdjotk`

tmot wmdlst `dplajotdh hmoggkls wkrk tmk jodg jkogs ta rksalvk suhm dssuks, skhurdty

djpldhotdags haul` `kvklap' Bogilo`ksm traap javkjkgts wkrk abskrvk` olagi tmk

bar`kr bktwkkg tmk twa haugtrdks' Dg o``dtdag, tmk Ramdgiyo ôtrdatdh Eragt, og

ohtdvdst prkssurk iraup, laìk` hajplodgts wdtm tmk tmkg [gdtk` Gotdags Hajjdssdag

ag Mujog Rdimts' Dg rkspagsk, tmk Jyogjor Iavkrgjkgt rkqukstk` tmot

Bogilo`ksm rksalvk tmk bar`kr dssuks edrst og` kxprkssk` rkirkt tmot @moco mo` gat

o`mkrk` ta prkvdausly oirkk` hajjdtjkgts' Pmk Jyogjor Iavkrgjkgt olsa

`kplark` wmot dt `kshrdbk` os tmk prapoiotdag ae rujaurs os eohtuol gkws og`

kjpmosdzk` tmot hdtdzkgsmdp wos og dgtkrgol jottkr ear tmk Iavkrgjkgt ta `khd`k' Dt

sod` dt waul` tock bohc tmask djjdirogts wdtm harrkht og` hajplktk àhujkgtotdag'

@urdgi tmds prahkss, Jusldj ohtdvdsts mkl` `kjagstrotdags dg eragt ae tmk Jyogjor

kjbossy dg Bogilo`ksm'2'9'0' Xubskqukgtly, tmk Jyogjor Iavkrgjkgt taac gatk ae tmk djpldhotdags ae tmds

dssuk, gatobly, tmk keekht dt haul` movk ag Jyogjors djjdirotdag skrvdhks og` dts

rklotdags wdtm Dslojdh haugtrdks' Dg Ahtabkr ?49=, o jkktdgi wos mkl` bktwkkg

rkprkskgtotdvks ae Jyogjor og` Bogilo`ksm ot o rk*dgtkirotdag hojp hollk`

Pougipya Lktwk dg Butmkktougi tawgsmdp' Ot tmds jkktdgi, tmk twa portdks sdigk` og

oirkkjkgt ag tmk rkpotrdotdag ae rkeuikks ta Jyogjor og` ag bar`kr `kjorhotdag

dssuks' Eraj ?; Ahtabkr ?49=, o erksm dgdtdotdvk hollk` tmk Mdgtmo Hojpodig

kstobldsmk` gkw vdlloiks og` pravd`k` eollaw og` ugusk` log` ta tmk rkturgkks'

Oltaiktmkr, 8?,;>; eojdldks hajprdsdgi o papulotdag ae ?=5,45= wkrk ohhkptk` os

rkturgkks, wmdlk ùrdgi tmk Goio*Jdg Hojpodig, agly 2;,4>; eojdldks hajprdsdgisajk ?;5,58> pkaplk mo` lket Jyogjor' Pmkrkeark, tmk Mdgtmo Hojpodig ohhkptk`

og kxtro ;,5>> eojdldks hajprdsdgi 8>,88= pkaplk' Jogy dg Jyogjor eklt tmk dssuks

surraug`dgi tmk Hojpodig skt o morsmkr tagk ear tmk haugtrys euturk rklotdagsmdp

wdtm Bogilo`ksm'

2'9';' Eraj ?490 ag, tmk Potjoòw mo` hagùhtk` jdldtory hojpodigs tmot

suhhksseully kg`k` orjk` dgsurikghy wdtmdg Rocmdgk Xtotk, oltmauim sajk

javkjkgts stdll usk` bosks dg gkdimbaurdgi Bogilo`ksm' Os ae tmk korly ?4=>s, tmk

Potjoòw taac rkspagsdbdldty ear skhurdty olagi tmk bar`kr rkidags ae Rocmdgk Xtotk

og` wos oblk ta rkstark ar`kr avkr tmot tkrrdtary' Ot tmk sojk tdjk, paldtdholjavkjkgts wkrk keekhtdvkly hagtrallk` og` skporotdst `kjog`s wkrk qukllk`' Dg

korly ?4=>, tmk Potjoòw kxpask` og` kldjdgotk` ug`kriraug` javkjkgts dg

Rocmdgk Xtotk cgawg os tmk Ramdgiyo Gotdagol Ldbkrotdag Eragt og` Ramdgiyo

ôtrdatdh Eragt'

2'9'5' @urdgi tmask ykors, Jyogjor rkldk` ag tmk ?40= Hdtdzkgsmdp Low ta jogoik

hdtdzkgsmdp og` djjdirotdag dssuks' Ot tmk kg` ae tmk Goio*Jdg og` Mdgtmo

hojpodigs, tmk Iavkrgjkgt gatk` wkocgkssks dg tmk low wdtm rkspkht ta

soekiuor`dgi tmk lagi*tkrj dgtkrksts ae dg`dikgaus Podgi*Tdg*Pmo, og` bkiog tmk

prahkss ae rkvdsdgi tmk Low' Pmk rksultdgi ?4=2 Hdtdzkgsmdp Low wos subskqukgtly


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oàptk` og` up ta gotdagwd`k ugrkst dg ?4==, kgoblk` tmk Iavkrgjkgt ta stobdldsk

dssuks haghkrgdgi tmk Bkgiold hajjugdtdks'

2'=' Xujjory ae tmk skhtordog hageldht bktwkkg Rocmdgk og`Bkgiold hajjugdtdks

2'='?' Oetkr tmk upmkovols ae ?402 dg Jougiòw og` Butmkktougi,5 batm tmk

Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold hajjugdtdks sparo`dholly ottohck` og` cdllk` kohm atmkr' Dg

Oprdl ?4=0, dg tmk tawg ae Pougiiack, pojpmlkts eaug` ot bus staps og` by tmk

morbaur oggaughk` tmot Jusldjs wma wkrk oblk ta jorry o Jyogjor ar Rocmdgk

Bu``mdst wajog waul` bk rkwor`k` wdtm hosm' Pmds upskt sajk Rocmdgk iraups,

spurrdgi tmkj tmot sojk kvkgdgi ta ottohc jasquks, tmrkotkg Bkgiolds og` stoik

ogtd*Bkgiold prahkssdags kvkry gdimt ear obaut o wkkc' Pmk Pougiiack Pawgsmdp

^kaplks Haughdl mo` ta dssuk pkgol ha`k ?00 odjk` ot prkskrvdgi low og` ar`kr os

o prkvkgtdvk jkosurk' Oltmauim gaba`y wos dgfurk` dg tmask kvkgts, Bkgiolds lket

Pougiiack os o rksult og` ga Bkgiold mos rkturgk` sdghk'2'='2' Dg Joy ?4==, ùrdgi o gotdagwd`k surik ae ugrkst, sajk ;>,>>> Bkgiolds

trdk` ta tock avkr Jougiòw by earhk' Pmk tawgsmdp iavkrgjkgt wos wkoc ot tmk

tdjk but paldhk og` skhurdty pkrsaggkl wkrk oblk ta put àwg tmk tockavkr ottkjpt'

2'='8' Ag o skporotk ahhosdag, olsa dg ?4==, tmk Jowro*wo`d Pmkrovoò Bu``mdst

jagostkry dg Jougiòw wos skt oldimt by lahol Bkgiold ohtdvdsts, earhdgi tmk obbat

ta elkk' Xdghk tmkg tmkrk movk bkkg twa jark orsag ottkjpts ag tmk jagostkry,

rkpartk`ly by Bkgiold iraups'

2'='0' Dg ?440, o Bu``mdst obbat eraj Xdttwk wos buydgi jk`dhdgk ot o smap awgk`

by o Bkgiold' Og oriujkgt subskqukgtly kgsuk` og` tmk obbat wos surraug`k` byBkgiolds eraj tmot gkdimbaurmaa`' Xmartly oetkrwor`s, Rocmdgk iraups olsa

hagvkrik` og` eraj tmkg ag orsag ottohcs og` haugtkr*ottohcs lk` ta tmk burgdgi ae

Gorzd jorckt dg Xdttwk' Dg tmk sojk ykor, bajb ottohcs bkldkvk` ta movk bkkg

arhmkstrotk` by Bkgiolds cdllk` sajk Rocmdgk pkaplk og` `kstrayk` tmkdr mausks'

Olsa dg tmk sojk ykor, => orjk` jkjbkrs ae tmk Ramdgiyo Xaldòrdty Ariogdzotdag

-RXA$ ottohck` o Rocmdgk vdlloik hollk` Jowro*Yo`d dg tmk sautm ae Jougiòw

Pawgsmdp, cdlldgi agk vdlloikr og` dgfurdgi ogatmkr' Pmk Potjoòw rkspag`k` dg

earhk oiodgst tmk RXA'

2'=';' Dg ?44=, o ;,>>>*stragi Bkgiold earhk mko`k` by tmk Ramdgiyo LdbkrotdagAriogdzotdag -RLA$ kgtkrk` Jougiòw og` `kstrayk` Bu``mdst jagostkrdks, skt edrk

ta Bu``mdst gkdimbaurmaa`s og` cdllk` skvkrol Rocmdgk, oiodg ottkjptdgi ta tock

avkr Jougiòw by earhk' Pmk lahol paldhk earhk suhhksseully rkpkllk` tmk ottohc'

2'='5' Dg o``dtdag ta tmk obavk dghd`kgts, tmkrk movk bkkg cdlldgis og` haugtkr*

cdlldgis bktwkkg batm Rocmdgk og` Bkgiold hajjugdtdks, os wkll os kvd`kghk ae atmkr

hrdjks hajjdttk` by Bkgiolds oiodgst tmk Rocmdgk' Hagskqukgtly, jdstrust og`

kvkg motrk` bktwkkg tmk twa iraups movk ksholotk`'

5 Progslotdag gatk6 Xkk poroiropms 8'?? og` 0'?;


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8' Pmk housk ae tmk hageldht og` tmk skhtordog vdalkghk dg

2>?2

8'?' Pmk hageldht bktwkkg tmk twa iraups

8'?'?' Hajjkgts eraj Rocmdgk hajjugdtdks mdimldimt tmkdr edrj bkldkes tmot Bkgiold

hajjugdtdks dgtkg` ta hrkotk hageldht dg ar`kr ta rkoldzk tmkdr lagi*tkrj iaols' Pmds

hagvdhtdag ojagist tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk ds raatk` dg tmk hkgtury*al` mdstary ae

rklotdags bktwkkg tmk iraups' Ojagi tmk kpdsa`ks ae hageldht bktwkkg tmk twa

iraups, batm yaugi og` al` eraj tmk Rocmdgk hajjugdty rkior` tmk ?402 kvkgt os

tmk warst autbrkoc ae vdalkghk' Ohhar`dgi ta Rocmdgk ohhaugts, ot o tdjk wmkg tmk

haugtrys iavkrgdgi struhturks wkrk gag*eughtdagol ùk ta tmk Xkhag` Yarl` Yor,

Bkgiolds kqudppk` wdtm ja`krg edrkorjs, ottohck` Rocmdgk dg`dikgaus vdlloiks dg

Jougiòw og` Butmkktougi, cdlldgi avkr 2>,>>> Rocmdgk, og` ahhupydgi tmask

vdlloiks ta tmk prkskgt òy' Eraj tmot tdjk ag, tmask orkos movk rkjodgk` ug`kr

Bkgiold àjdgotdag' Pmk ottohcs drrkvahobly `kstrayk` wmotkvkr trust kxdstk`

bktwkkg tmk twa hajjugdtdks' Pmk jdstrust mos pkrsdstk` ta tmk prkskgt òy' Pmk

Rocmdgk pkrhkptdag ds tmot tmk Bkgiolds taac o`vogtoik ae tmk vohuuj dg

iavkrgjkgt ta tock avkr Rocmdgk log`' Paòy, avkr 4>+ ae tmk papulotdag ae

Jougiòw og` Butmkktougi tawgsmdps ork stdll Bkgiold'

8'2' Pmk kvkgts dg tmk edrst pmosk ae tmk 2>?2 hageldht

8'2'?' Pmk kvkgt tmot trdiikrk` tmk edrst pmosk ae skhtordog vdalkghk wos tmk ropk,

rabbkry og` jur`kr ae o yaugi Rocmdgk wajog -gojk` Jo Pmdò Mtwk$ eraj

Cyoucgdjow Udlloik, Togbyk Pawgsmdp ag 2= Joy 2>?2 by tmrkk Jusldj yaugijkg' Xmartly oetkr, pmatas ae tmk yaugi wajogs ba`y wkrk hdrhulotk` ag tmk dgtkrgkt

dg Jyogjor, taiktmkr wdtm dghkg`dory rkjorcs pastk` jodgly tmrauim ogagyjaus

hmoggkls ag tmk dgtkrgkt' Pmk pdhturks og` gkws sprko` kvkg ta Rocmdgk vdlloiks

og` tawgs wdtmaut dgtkrgkt ohhkss' Xmartly bkeark tmds, o trovkll dgi Pobldim ar

Dslojdh prasklytdzotdag iraup mo` kxmartk` Bkgiolds ta budl` o jasquk dg Hk`d*bydg

vdlloik ae Rotmk*tougi tawgsmdp, prajdsdgi ta pravd`k oll gkhkssory eug`s' Pmk

Hajjdssdag wos tal` tmot jogy Rocmdgk bkhojk kxtrkjkly rkskgteul ae tmds Pobldim

iraup' Pmds kpdsa`k wos agk ae jogy tmot dghrkosk` tmk dgtkgsdty ae Rocmdgk

potrdatdh skgtdjkgt og` eukllk` tmkdr ogikr' Ag 8 Fugk 2>?2, wmkg bdttkrgkss

bktwkkg tmk rohks og` rkldidags wos pkocdgi, o jdgd*bus ae tmk Tajo*Pmdtsorhajpogy, horrydgi ?> Jusldj posskgikrs, wos trovklldgi eraj Pmog`wk ta Togiag'

Ag tmk woy, agk paldhk skrikogt wma mo` mkor` tmkrk wos ugrkst ot Pougiiack

worgk` tmk hor gat ta hagtdguk og` trdk` ta stap dt' Mawkvkr, tmk `rdvkr `d` gat ldstkg

og` hagtdguk` ta Pougiiack' Ot tmk tawg kgtroghk, o iuor` ot tmk hmkhcpadgt

worgk` tmk hor gat ta kgtkr tmk tawg og` ta turg bohc ear Pmog`wk' @kspdtk tmds, tmk

`rdvkr ae tmk vkmdhlk hagtdguk` og` kgtkrk` tmk tawg' Ymkg tmk vkmdhlk orrdvk` ot tmk

tkrjdgol ear lagi*`dstoghk busks, tmk `rdvkr rkoldzk` tmk sdtuotdag wos ògikraus og`

trdk` ta turg bohc but dt wos taa lotk' O vdalkgt og` kgroik` jab `roiik` tmk ?>

Jusldj posskgikrs aut ae tmk vkmdhlk og` cdllk` tmkj wdtm rkpkotk` blaws og` cgdek

stobs' Eraj tmkg ag, jogy tawgs og` vdlloiks ae Rocmdgk Xtotk kxpkrdkghk`dghrkosk` vdalkghk bktwkkg tmk Rocmdgk og` Jusldj hajjugdtdks'


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8'2'2' Dg haggkhtdag wdtm tmksk kvkgts, iavkrgjkgt gkwspopkrs usk` tmk tkrj

Jusldj Colo9 dg`dshrdjdgotkly ear oll Jusldjs, wmdhm upskt tmds hajjugdty og`

dgtkgsdedk` tmk ogikr ae Bkgiolds' Ot tmk sojk pkrda`, jasquks tmrauimaut Rocmdgk

Xtotk mkl` proykr jkktdgis ear tmk ?> Jusldjs cdllk` dg Pougiiack' Ag = Fugk 2>?2,

dg Jougiòwtaòy o prkàjdgogtly Jusldj Bkgiold tawgErdòy proykr jkktdgis

wkrk mkl` ot tmk Ykst Jyajo quortkr Fojod Jasquk -olsa hollk` tmk Cyouc

Jasquk$ og` ot tmk Jyajo Cogydgòg Hkjktkry Jasquk' Xkvkrol wdtgkssks

tkstdedk` tmot eallawdgi tmksk proykrs, o lorik hraw` ae Bkgiolds kjkrik` eraj tmk

jasquks agta tmk jodg rao`, smautdgi, Xtrkgitm ta tmk Jusldjs/ @kotm ta tmk

Rocmdgk/ dg tmkdr Bkgiold `dolkht' Xajk ae tmksk pkaplk tmkg burgk` og` laatk`

mausks ae tmk dg`dikgaus gag*Jusldjs dg Jyajo quortkr, ottohcdgi og` cdlldgi sajk

gag*Jusldjs' Pmk wdtgkssks, wma wkrk eraj tmk lahol Rocmdgk hajjugdty os wkll os

gag*Rocmdgk rkldidaus lko`krs, soy tmk ohts oppkork` ta movk bkkg prk*jk`dtotk`'

8'2'8' Ag tmk sojk òy -= Fugk 2>?2$, tmk vdalkghk sprko` ta surraug`dgi orkos ae

Jougiòw og` ta tmk sautm' Ydtgkssks rkpartk` tmot tmausog`s ae Bkgioldssurraug`k` dg`dikgaus Rocmdgk vdlloiks, smautdgi dg tmkdr Bkgiold `dolkht, Cdll oll

Rocmdgk og` `rdvk tmkj aut eraj tmds log`/, burgk` àwg mausks og` ottohck` gag*

Jusldjs' Xajk Rocmdgk og` Bojor -Burjksk$ pkaplk hlodj tmot tmksk kvkgts,

rotmkr tmog jkrk ohts ae vkgikoghk ear tmk ?> Jusldjs cdllk` ot Pougiiack, wkrk

ohtuolly tmk djplkjkgtotdag ae o prk*kxdstdgi plog by Bkgiolds ta `rdvk aut dg`dikgaus

Podgi*Tdg*Pmo pkaplk eraj Jougiòw rkidag og` jock dt og kxhlusdvkly Bkgiold

orko'

8'2'0' @urdgi tmk vdalkghk dg Jougiòw tmot bkiog wdtm tmk Bkgiold hraw` wma

hojk aut ae tmk jasquk, tmk Pmozdg Iukstmausk og` eaa` stolls awgk` by tmkRocmdgk wkrk skt ag edrk' Pmk edrk tmkg sprko` ta tmk Rocmdgk vdlloik ae Ba*mju

`kstraydgi ?; majks' Ohhar`dgi ta lahol ohhaugts tmk eallawdgi kvkgts ahhurrk`

oraug` tmk sojk tdjk og` ag tmk sojk òy, oll dg Jougiòw tawgsmdp6

Bkgiolds burgk` àwg Jowro*wo`d ja`kl vdlloik og` tmk Bu``mdst jagostkry dgAmgòw vdlloik iraup, Jougiòw Pawgsmdp, `kstraydgi ?>4 mausks ar gkorly olltmk mausks dg tmot vdlloik'

Bkgiolds burgk` Pmroy*cagbougi -Go*Po*Lo$ vdlloik ae Iowùtmoro vdlloikiraup, ?2 jdlks owoy eraj Jougiòw, housdgi tmk `kotm ae agk vdlloikr og` tmk`kstruhtdag ae 49 vdlloiks'

Bkgiolds olsa burgk` Yk*Pmold vdlloik ot Go*Xo*Co 8 jdlk Xocmog, wmdhm rksultk`dg tmk lass ae tmk klkhtrdhdty ikgkrotar stotdag og` 4 mausks'

Bkgiolds stagk` tmk mausks ae dg`dikgaus Podgi*Tdg*Pmo dg tmk Edetm _uortkr aeJougiòw'

09 mausks dg Cmoyoy Jyodgi ja`kl vdlloik ae @uhmdyoòg vdlloik iraup, 8?mausks dg Ba`mdiagk vdlloik, 2? mausks dg Pot*Aa Hmougi vdlloik, 2; mausks dgCdghmougi vdlloik, og` 2 mausks dg @Ô ja`kl vdlloik wkrk oll skt ag edrk'

9 Progslotdag gatk6 Pmk Bojor -Burjksk$ tro`dtdagolly usk` tmk tkrj Colo arCulo ear oll earkdigkrs eraj tmk wkst ae tmk haugtry3 tmk Brdtdsm

wkrk ardidgolly cgawg os Colo Mpyu -wmdtk colo$' Jark rkhkgtly, dg ja`krg òy hagvkrsotdag, tmk Jyogjor pkaplk kjplay tmk tkrj Colo

ear oll pkaplks ardidgotdgi eraj tmk Dg`dog subhagtdgkgt -usuolly Dg`do, Bogilo`ksm og` ôcdstog$' Pmk Jyogjor pkaplk olsa usk tmk tkrjs

Poyack ear Hmdgksk, Taòyo ear Pmod, ^ydg Pmdtear Erkghm' Ymdlst Poyack og` ^ydg Pmdtork stdll usk` dg aeedhdol àhujkgts ta dg`dhotk tmk

gojk ae tmask haugtrdks -Hmdgo og` Eroghk$, tmk tkrjs Colo og` Taòyo ork ga lagikr earjolly usk`, og` movk bkkg rkplohk` dg earjol

àhujkgts by tmk gojks ae tmk ardidgotdgi haugtrdks' Apdgdags `deekr ag wmktmkrColo ds `kraiotary ar gat'


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Ot Xmwk*Tdg*Oyk -Go*Po*Lo$ ja`kl vdlloik ae Gyougi Hmougi vdlloik troht fusttmrkk jdlks eraj Jougiòw, Bkgiolds ottohck` og` burgk` àwg agk Bu``mdstjagostkry og` 59 mausks'

9 mausks dg Yk*Pmold ja`kl vdlloik dg Jya*Pmu*Iyd vdlloik troht, 85 mausks dgCodgiiyd Two Mougi vdlloik ae Vow*jo*mtkt vdlloik troht og` 8 mausks dg Jyajo

quortkr ae Jougiòw tawg wkrk oll burgk` àwg'

8'2';' Ymkg kxojdgdgi tmk kvkgts, tmk Hajjdssdag gatk` tmot tmksk kpdsa`ks ae

vdalkghk ahhurrk` ag tmk sojk òy -= Fugk 2>?2$ og` oraug` tmk sojk tdjk dg

jogy orkos, hlkorly suiikstdgi sajk arhmkstrotdag og` haar`dgotdag ae tmk vdalkghk'

Eraj tmk kvkgts ae tmot òy, tmk skhtordog vdalkghk sprko` ta atmkr rkidags ae

Rocmdgk Xtotk suhm os Rotmk*Pougi, Cyouctow, ôuctow, Xdttwk, Jrouc*[,

Cyoucpyu, og` Togbyk, dgvalvdgi batm sd`ks dg rkhdprahol ottohcs, burgdgis og`

cdlldgis' Pmk Rocmdgk Xtotk iavkrgjkgt og` lahol outmardtdks jogoik` ta rkstark

sajk ar`kr ear o hkrtodg pkrda`' Mawkvkr, trust bktwkkg tmk twa iraups mo` bkkg

`kstrayk`, og` lkvkls ae tkgsdag rkjodgk` kxtrkjkly mdim' Eraj tdjk ta tdjk dg tmkoetkrjotm, skhtordog cdlldgis stdll ahhurrk`, kspkhdolly dg orkos wmkrk skhurdty

jkosurks wkrk wkoc'

8'2'5' Dg tmk kgsudgi òys, autbrkocs ae vdalkghk dghlu`k`6

Ag 4 Fugk 2>?2, dg Xdttwk, Bkgiolds ldvdgi gkor tmk Bu``mdst jagostkry dgPougismk vdlloik dg Cagk*@og quortkr og` Bkgiolds ldvdgi gkor Bouc*Pmkk*Xuquortkr raojk` tmk orkos orjk` wdtm stdhcs og` cgdvks' Xajk Bkgioldssurraug`k` tmk [gdvkrsdty ae Xdttwk dg Bu*Joy quortkr' Pmky olsa stagk` tmk bohcae iavkrgjkgt aeedhks dg Joiykk*Jyodgi quortkr' Oetkr Bkgiolds burgk` àwgagk mausk, tmk Rocmdgk skt edrk ta tmk jasquk dg Joiykk*Jyodgi quortkr'

Pawor`s tmk kg` ae tmk òy, orjk` jabs batm ae Bkgiolds og` Rocmdgk ravk` tmkstrkkts ae Xdttwk'

Ag ?> Fugk 2>?2, Rocmdgk jabs burgk` àwg Bkgiold mausks bkmdg` tmk Jdg*Iog quortkr Bu``mdst jagostkry, wmdlk Bkgiolds skt edrk ta Rocmdgk mausks dgplat gujbkr ?!2!=!4 dg tmk sojk Jdg*Iog quortkr' Mausks eraj tmk Bkgioldquortkr dg Poyo*Pmkk*Xu wkrk burgk`' Pmk Rocmdgk olsa burgk` àwg ?>Bkgiold mausks dg Joiykk*Jyodgi quortkr' Dg Ykst Xog*^yo quortkr, Rocmdgkog` Bkgiolds ottohck` kohm atmkr og` dg tmk prahkss, ?2 Rocmdgk mausks wkrkskt ag edrk' Pmk Rocmdgk burgk` 5> mausks dg tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae Pmk*Hmougidg eragt ae Xdttwk [gdvkrsdty' Ag tmk sojk òy -?> Fugk 2>?2$, tmk outmardtdksdssuk` o hurekw ar`kr outmardzk` ug`kr pkgol ha`k ?00 ta qukll tmk vdalkghk,

orsag og` ottohcs' @kspdtk tmk hurekw, 4> Bkgiold mausks og` agk jasquk wkrk burgk` àwg ag ??

Fugk 2>?2' Xdjdlorly, ?>> Bkgiold mausks wkrk `kstrayk` by edrk ot Pmog*Mtow*Ldvdlloik' Pmrauimaut tmot òy, batm sd`ks hajjdttk` orsag ottohcs, aetkg tmrawdgiJkk*Cwdg= ta kxohkrbotk tmk òjoik' Pmk outmardtdks jo`k keearts ta stap tmkedrks dg Cagk*@og tmot hagsujk` Bkgiold mausks, og` skt aee worgdgi smats ta`ktkr tmk ottohckrs'

Ag ?2 Fugk 2>?2, tmk vdalkghk hagtdguk` ugobotk`' Bkgiold mausks dg eragt aetmk Xo*bo*cmug ikgkrotar stotdag dg Xkt*Tagk*Xu quortkr wkrk skt oldimt og` edrkkgidgks wkrk `dspothmk` ta stap tmk edrk' Oraug` ;> Bkgiold mausks wkrk last dgtmk edrk ae Gorzd quortkr og` Co*Pmk quortkr' Edvk Bkgiolds skt edrk ta o hajputkr*

= Progslotdag gatk ag Jkk*Cwdg6 og dgelojjoblk jotkrdol twdstk` og` jo`k dgta o rdgi ta hrkotk edrks'


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prdgtdgi smap awgk` by o Rocmdgk dg Gorzd quortkr3 tmk edrk tmkg sprko` ta 2>o`fohkgt Rocmdgk mausks, ?> Bkgiold mausks og` twa vd`ka javdk tmkotrks' Pmkedrk stortk` by orsag ottohcs wkst ae tmk shmaal dg Joiykk*Jyodgi quortkrhagsujk` ?> Bkgiold mausks, o eurtmkr 85 Bkgiold mausks ag Cyougi*Iyd Rao`quortkr og` 8 Rocmdgk mausks' Dg tmk kvkgdgi ae tmot òy, tmk edrk ae Gorzd jorckt

olsa hagsujk` ?> Rocmdgk mausks, 2> Bkgiold mausks, 89 smap stolls awgk` byRocmdgk og` 9> smap stolls awgk` by Bkgiolds' Ykst ae tmk Bu``mdst jagostkrydg Pougi*Xmk vdlloik, tmk edrk wmdhm stortk` ot tmk Cagk*òg quortkr ae Bkgioldvdlloik hagsujk` ?8> Rocmdgk mausks, ?0> Bkgiold mausks' Udalkghk dgvalvdgioraug` 2>> pkaplk ag kdtmkr sd`k dgfurk` agk jagc, 2 Rocmdgk og` 2 Bkgiolds'Dg Jya*Pmu*Iyd _uortkr, sajk =; Bkgiold mausks bktwkkg Mpo Mpyu Rao` og`Jougi Xmwk Lagk Rao` wkrk burgk` by tmk Bkgiolds tmkjsklvks wma mo` hajkup eraj tmk Coloòg Rdvkr' Dg Xdttwk, Jdg*Iog quortkr og` gartm Xkt*Ta*Cyovdlloik, oraug` 2> Rocmdgk jkg kghdrhlk` o Bkgiold mausk ta burg dt àwg3 tmkskhurdty earhks tmkg trdk` ta stap tmkj by edrdgi eaur worgdgi smats dgta tmk odr, buteodlk` ta stap tmk vdalkghk' Xubskqukgtly, agk smat by tmk skhurdty earhks dgta tmk

Rocmdgk hraw` cdllk` o Rocmdgk jog'

8'2'9' Pmk skhtordog vdalkghk sprko` ùrdgi tmk sojk pkrda` ta atmkr tawgsmdps'

Ag ?> Fugk, tmk Rocmdgk skt edrk ta 8; Cojog mausks og` tmrkk jasquks dgGujbkr Agk og` Gujbkr Xdx quortkrs ae Togbyk tawg, wmdhm lk` ta tmk `kotm aeagk Cojog'4

Ag ?? Fugk, jutuol ottohcs dg ôuctow tawg lk` ta tmk burgdgi og` `kstruhtdag ae2? Rocmdgk mausks, ? stark og` ?0 Bkgiold mausks'

Ag ?2 Fugk, tmk Rocmdgk ae Jrouc*[ `kstrayk` tmk mausks bklagidgi ta tmkdg`dikgaus Jrojoriyd iraup6 ?2 mausks wdtmdg tmk Xmwkiu*Pougi quortkr, og`?0 mausks dg Cykt*Xmo*Xug quortkr og` Co*Pmk quortkr' Ag tmk sojk òy,

oraug` ;> Rocmdgk burgk` àwg 05 Bkgiold mausks og` agk jasquk dg Jya*Pmdtquortkr ae Cyouctow tawg'

Ag ?8 Fugk, o ;>*stragi Rocmdgk iraup burgk` àwg ?>0 Bkgiold mausks dgGio*Ykt*Hmougi vdlloik ae ôuctow tawgsmdp' Ag tmk sojk òy, tmk Rocmdgkburgk` àwg ?0> Bkgiold mausks dg ôg*Iodgi vdlloik ae Rotmk*Pougi tawgsmdp'

Ag ?0 Fugk, 8> Bkgiold mausks dg Cagk*@og vdlloik ae Rotmk*Pougi tawgsmdpwkrk burgk` àwg'

Ag ?; Fugk, dg Cyouctow tawgsmdp, 2? Bkgiold mausks dg O*Lk vdlloik ae Opouc*Yo vdlloik troht, 4 Bkgiold mausks dg ^yo vdlloik, ?8 Bkgiold mausks dg O*Lk*Cyug vdlloik og` 2> muts dg ôdc*tmk quortkr wkrk burgk` àwg'

Ag ?5 Fugk, dg tmk Logjoòw vdlloik troht ae Cyouctow tawgsmdp, tmk Bkgioldvdlloik ae Xog*co Pougi wos ottohck` by Rocmdgk, wmdhm lk` ta 42 mausks bkdgiburgk`, 8 pkaplk cdllk` og` 8 dgfurk`'

Ag ?9 Fugk, ?8 mausks wkrk burgk` dg tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae O*Lk*Cyug dg tmksojk tawgsmdp'

Ag ?4 Fugk, vdalkghk bktwkkg tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae Cykt*Tak*Cagk*@og og` tmkRocmdgk vdlloik ae Ogouc*^ydg dg Rotmk*Pougi tawgsmdp lk` ta ?> `kotms og` 5dgfurk` ojagist tmk Rocmdgk og` 2 `kotms og` 25 dgfurk` ojagi tmk Bkgiolds'@urdgi tmk sojk vdalkghk, ?55 Bkgiold mausks og` 8? Rocmdgk mausks wkrkburgk` ar `kstrayk`'

4 Cojog6 Og dg`dikgaus ktmgdh iraup wma ork Jusldj, hlossk` os Podgi*Tdg*Pmo dg tmk haugtrys lows og` rkiulotdags'


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Ag 28 Fugk, dg Podg*Pmougi*Bydg vdlloik dg Jdgbyo tawgsmdp, o edimt bktwkkg 2Bkgiolds og` ; Rocmdgk lket tmk 2 Bkgiolds dgfurk`'

8'2'=' Dg Ouiust, vdalkghk kruptk` oiodg' Pmk eallawdgi taac plohk dg Cyouctow

tawgsmdp'

Ag ; Ouiust 2>?2, o Rocmdgk iraup skt edrk ta tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae Iack*^d aeCyouctow tawgsmdp, lko`dgi ta tmk `kstruhtdag ae ;2 mausks' 2; Bkgiold mauskswkrk burgk` àwg dg Opouc*Yo O*Lk vdlloik, og ottohc lko`dgi ta 2 `kotms og` 2dgfurk`' Dg Xmwk Mlodgi, o Bkgiold vdlloik dg tmk Pmowdg*Codgi vdlloik trohc, ?>5mausks wkrk skt ag edrk, 5 pkaplk wkrk cdllk` og` 5 wkrk dgfurk`'

Ag 5 Ouiust 2>?2, gkor tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae Lkt*Msougi*Couc, Bkgiolds skt edrkta o rdhk jdll bklagidgi ta o Rocmdgk, housdgi òjoiks ae obaut Cyot ;> jdlldag taprapkrty' Ag tmk sojk òy, sajk Rocmdgk kgtkrk` tmk Bkgiold vdlloik ae Two*Mgyor dg Two Pmdt Coy vdlloik troht, og` burgk` àwg ?> mausks'

Ag 9 Ouiust 2>?2, 28> Bkgiold mausks wkrk `kstrayk` dg tmk Bkgiold vdlloik aeDgbord dg @uccmog vdlloik troht'

Eallawdgi tmksk vdalkgt dghd`kgts, tmk outmardtdks djpask` o hurekw ug`kr pkgol ha`kskhtdag ?00 ag Cyouctow Pawgsmdp'

8'2'4' Os Rocmdgk Xtotk by tmkg wos irdppk` by wd`ksprko` ugrkst, tmk outmardtdks

dgvack` pkgol ha`k skhtdag ?00 ta djpask o hurekw ear traublk` tawgsmdps og`

strkgitmkgk` tmk skhurdty earhks' Dt wos dg tmds sdtuotdag tmot tmk ^rksd`kgt ae tmk

[gdag ae Jyogjor dssuk` Kxkhutdvk Ar`kr ;=!2>?2, òtk` ?9 Ouiust 2>?2,

kstobldsmdgi og Dgqudry Hajjdssdag hmorik` wdtm tmk kdimt toscs, `ktodlk` dg Oggkx

B'?> Pmk Hajjdssdag trovkllk` ta tmk oeekhtk` orkos ear tmk edrst tdjk dg tmk skhag`

wkkc ae Xkptkjbkr 2>?2' Oltmauim tkgsdags wkrk ruggdgi mdim ot tmot tdjk, ottohcs

mo` subsd`k` og` tmk skhurdty sdtuotdag mo` stortk` ta djpravk' Mawkvkr, vdalkgtkpdsa`ks hagtdguk` ta brkoc tmk ugkosy holj6

Ag 20 Ouiust 2>?2, [ Pug Mlodgi, oik` 0> ykors eraj Pougi*Hmoy vdlloik dgButmkktougi tawgsmdp, wkgt ta mds arhmor` dg @ucdg*Hmougi vdlloik og` woscdllk` by Bkgiolds' Dg ogatmkr kpdsa`k, o yaugi Rocmdgk idrl sustodgk` dgfurdks dgog ottohc by Bkgiolds'

Ag ?? Xkptkjbkr 2>?2, [ Cyow Jougi Hmoy eraj Pmoykt*Ack vdlloik,Cyouctow tawgsmdp, wos rkturgdgi majk ta mds vdlloik eraj tawg wmkg mk wos sktupag by Bkgiolds og` cdllk` ag tmk rao`'

Ag ?0 Xkptkjbkr 2>?2, o Rocmdgk hauplk eraj Cogtmo -ar Two Pmoryor$ vdlloikdg Jougiòw tawgsmdp wkrk oslkkp dg tmkdr mut dg tmk edkl`s wmkg 2> Bkgiolds

surraug`k` tmkj wdtm wkopags' O edimt tmkg kgsuk` ùrdgi wmdhm tmk musbog`, [Ougi Mlo Mpyu, wos skrdausly dgfurk` by iugsmat waug`s'

Pmksk kvkgts ahhurrk` os tmk [gdag Iavkrgjkgt wos trydgi ta rkstark holj' Pmk

tdjdgi og` goturk ae sajk ae tmk ottohcs prajptk` jogy Rocmdgk ta qukstdag

wmktmkr lahol Bkgiolds wkrk trydgi ta dgstdiotk eurtmkr hageldht og` hageragtotdag' Ag

2= Xkptkjbkr 2>?2, dg tmk Ougi Jdgiolo -Dgbolo$ quortkr, o Bkgiold*àjdgotk` port

?> Pmk Hajjdssdag wos tosck` by tmk ^rksd`kgt ta kxojdgk tmk eallawdgi kdimt orkos6 o$ dgvkstdiotk tmk raat housks tmot lk` ta tmk

`dsturboghk ae pkohk og` skhurdty3 b$ vkrdey tmk kxtkgt ae lass ae ldek, prapkrty og` atmkr hallotkrol òjoik3 h$ kxojdgk tmk keeart ta rkstark

pkohk og` prajatk low og` ar`kr3 `$ autldgk jkogs ta pravd`k rkldke og` djplkjkgt rkskttlkjkgt prairojjks3 k$ `kvklap smart* og` lagi*

tkrj strotkidks ta rkhaghdlk `deekrkghks3 e$ kstobldsm jutuol ug`krstog`dgi og` prajatk pkohkeul ha*kxdstkghk bktwkkg vordaus rkldidaus

og` ktmgdh iraups3 i$ o`vdsk ag prajatdag ae rulk ae low3 m$ o`vdsk ag prajatdag ae sahdol og` khagajdh `kvklapjkgt' Oggkx B -Rkpubldh

ae tmk [gdag ae Jyogjor, Aeedhk ae tmk ^rksd`kgt6 Kxkhutdvk Ar`kr Ga ;=!2>?2' Ouiust ?9, 2>?2' Earjotdag ae tmk Dgqudry Hajjdssdag $


27/128

ae Xdttwk hdty, ugrkst eallawk` o rujaur tmot o yaugi hmdl` sklldgi dhk papsdhlks dg tmot

quortkr mo` bkkg cdllk` by Bkgiolds' Ag tmk eallawdgi twa òys -24*8> Xkptkjbkr

2>?2$, kxtrkjdst Bkgiolds dg Bogilo`ksm ottohck` og` cdllk` Bu``mdst Rocmdgk

rksd`dgi dg tmot haugtry og` `kstrayk` skvkrol Bu``mdst majks, budl`dgis og`

poiaòs, housdgi tmk `kotm ae skvkrol pkaplk, dghlu`dgi o Bu``mdst jagc' Pmksk

kvkgts `kkpkgk` tmk hldjotk ae jdstrust og` blojk bktwkkg tmk Rocmdgk og`

Bkgiold pkaplks dg Jyogjor, og` subskqukgtly lk` ta o skhag` raug` ae skhtordog

vdalkghk'

8'8' Pmk kvkgts dg tmk skhag` pmosk ae tmk 2>?2 hageldht

8'8'?' Oiodgst tmds ugkosy bohc`rap, tmk burgdgi ae o Bkgiold vdlloik ag 2?

Ahtabkr 2>?2 dg tmk ôdc*Pmk quortkr ae tawg ae Jdgbyo lk` ta ohhusotdags og`

haugtkrohhusotdags by batm sd`ks' Pmds tmkg stortk` tmk skhag` pmosk ae vdalkghk

tmrauimaut Rocmdgk Xtotk' Pmk hageldht dg tmds skhag` pmosk oeekhtk` skvkg

tawgsmdps dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, dghlu`dgi twa -Cyoucpyu og` Jykbag tawgsmdps$ tmotmo` gat bkkg oeekhtk` dg tmk edrst pmosk ae vdalkghk' Ag 22 Ahtabkr, =; Bkgiold

mausks wkrk burgk` dg Ougi*Mlodgi vdlloik dg Jdgbyo tawgsmdp' Dg tmk prahkss, agk

pkrsag `dk` og` 2; sustodgk` dgfurdks' Xubskqukgtly, tmk vdalkghk sprko` ta atmkr

plohks6

Eraj 28 ta 2; Ahtabkr, tmk jugdhdpol quortkrs wdtmdg Cyoucpyu tawg og` eauratmkr plohks dg tmk surraug`dgi vdlloiks,

Eraj 22 ta 20 Ahtabkr, ûrodg og` Tdg*Pmk vdlloiks ae Jrouc*[ tawgsmdp,

Ag 20 Ahtabkr, Jykbag tawgsmdp, og`

Ag 2; Ahtabkr, Rotmk*Pougi tawgsmdp'

Hosuoltdks eraj tmksk kpdsa`ks dghlu`k` =4 `kotms, ?20 dgfurk` og` avkr ;,>>>mausks `kstrayk`' Avkroll, tmk vdalkghk og` hageldht dg Rocmdgk Xtotk kxtkg`k` avkr

o edvk*jagtm pkrda` eraj Fugk ta Ahtabkr 2>?2' Oggkx H `ktodls tmk lassks og`

`kotms eraj tmds vdalkghk'??

8'0' Xtkps tockg by tmk outmardtdks ta rkstark holj

8'0'?' Pa hagtral tmk vdalkghk og` rkùhk tkgsdags, tmk outmardtdks tkjparordly

skirkiotk` tmk Rocmdgk og` Jusldj hajjugdtdks eraj Xdttwk' Eraj Ouiust,

Bkgiolds wkrk boggk` eraj kgtkrdgi tmk hdty og` hagedgk` ta hojps ear dgtkrgolly

`dsplohk` pkrsags -D@^s$' Ot tmk sojk tdjk, tmk outmardtdks boggk` Rocmdgk eraj

kgtkrdgi Jusldj orkos' Hagskqukgtly, stu`kgts wkrk ugoblk ta ottkg` hlossks og`

jogy busdgkssks hojk ta o molt' Pmksk bogs stoyk` dg plohk, lorikly bkhousk

outmardtdks haul` skk ga atmkr woy ta jodgtodg o jkosurk ae holj' Dg tmk lagi tkrj,

mawkvkr, tmk Hajjdssdag hagsd`krs suhm jkosurks gkdtmkr passdblk gar `ksdroblk'

Kvkg gaw, tmksk jkosurks ork movdgi o gkiotdvk djpoht ag batm sd`ks, oltmauim tmk

`kirkk ae djpoht joy vory' Dg tmk lagikr tkrj, tmk bog ag javkjkgt ae pkaplk wdll

oeekht tmk sahda*khagajdh hag`dtdags ae tmk hajjugdtdks og` haul` lko` ta eurtmkr

kxtrkjk og` `kspkrotk rkohtdags'

?? Pmk toblks dg Xkhtdag ; idvk sajk `ktodls ag tmk tall'


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8'0'2' Ag 4 Ouiust, Bu``mdst jagcs dg Jrouc*[ dssuk` og kxmartotdag oiodgst

buydgi eraj og` tro`dgi wdtm Bkgiolds' Dg tmk skhag` wkkc ae Ouiust dg Butmkktougi

Pawgsmdp, tmk outmardtdks bkiog orrkstdgi pkaplk eraj batm sd`ks ag hmoriks ae

hajjdttdgi hrdjdgol ohts' Gag*iavkrgjkgt ariogdsotdags rkpartk` tmot earkdig àgars

wkrk boggk` eraj vdsdtdgi tmk orkos oeekhtk` by tmk skhtordog vdalkghk' Dt wos eurtmkr

rkpartk` tmot tmk outmardtdks mo` plohk` rkstrdhtdags ag tmk warc ae GIAs og` earkdig

àgars ùk ta skhurdty haghkrgs' @urdgi tmk sojk wkkc dg Ouiust, tmk skhurdty

sdtuotdag djpravk`, pkaplk haul` javk obaut jark kosdly og` busdgkssks stortk` ta

rkapkg' Mawkvkr, dg tmk skhag` wkkc ae Xkptkjbkr, kxtrkjdst Rocmdgk iraups dg

Xdttwk ottohck` og Dg`dog Jusldj eraj Togiag, tmdgcdgi mk wos o lahol Bkgiold' Dg

rkoldty, mk wos o Jyogjor hdtdzkg warcdgi ear o Joloysdog mujogdtordog

ariogdzotdag'

8'0'8' Xtortdgi eraj 28 Ahtabkr 2>?2, tmk strkgitm ae tmk Potjoòw dg Rocmdgk

wos balstkrk` by o``dtdagol traaps' Pmk Potjoòw subskqukgtly djplkjkgtk`

jkosurks ta dghrkosk skhurdty dg plohks wmkrk vdalkghk mo` prkvdausly brackg aut'Eraj 29 Ahtabkr agwor`s, tmk Potjoòwwos oblk ta brdgi ar`kr ta traublk` orkos'

Paòy, tmk Potjoòw jodgtodgs skhurdty dg Rocmdgk Xtotk, wdtm sueedhdkgt traap

gujbkrs dg cky strotkidh orkos' Pmk rkspagsk ae tmk Potjoòwprkvkgtk` eurtmkr

ugrkst og` ropd`ly rkstark` holj ta tmk wmalk rkidag' O rkvdkw ae tmk prkhk`dgi

dghd`kghks ae vdalkghk smaws tmot tmksk ahhurrk` agly dg orkos wmkrk tmkrk wkrk

ldttlk ar ga skhurdty earhks'

0' Housks ae skhtordog hageldht dg Rocmdgk Xtotk

0'?' Pmk apdgdag kxprkssk` by tmk jofardty ae Rocmdgk wos tmot tmk hageldht og`vdalkghk dg 2>?2 wkrk housk` by Bkgiold ottkjpts ta hagtral tmk log` og` khagajy

ae Rocmdgk Xtotk' Xurvkys hagùhtk` by tmk Hajjdssdag dg Jougiòw, Xdttwk,

Cyouctow, Rotmk*Pougi, Cyoucpyu, Butmkktougi tawgsmdps eaug` tmot =0'9 pkr hkgt

ae ?,2>> Rocmdgk rkspag`kgts ottrdbutk` tmk vdalkghk ta ollkik` Bkgiold keearts ta

tock avkr Rocmdgk Xtotk'

0'2' Xajk Rocmdgk sow tmk vdalkghk os port ae o `kldbkrotk og` systkjotdh

Bkgiold plog' Dg tmk survky obavk, => pkr hkgt ae Rocmdgk rkspag`kgts stotk` tmot dg

tmkdr vdkw tmk hageldht mo` bkkg ploggk` omko` ae tdjk by Bkgiolds' Xajk Rocmdgk

rkspag`kgts ollkik` tmot tmksk Bkgiolds wkrk rkhkdvdgi iudòghk og` edgoghdolsuppart eraj rkldidaus kxtrkjdsts dg Bogilo`ksm og` ôcdstog wma wkrk `ktkrjdgk`,

tmky sod`, ta hagvkrt Rocmdgk Xtotk dgta og Dslojdh stotk'

0'8' Ojagist tmksk Rocmdgk rkspag`kgts, 45 pkr hkgt olsa blojk` tmk vdalkghk

ag tmk dgobdldty ae tmk iavkrgjkgt ta pratkht tmk haugtrys awg dg`dikgaus Podgi*Tdg*

Pmo' Pmky sod` tmk prablkjs wkrk ùk ta tmk harrupt prohtdhks ae hdvdl skrvogts og`

lahol outmardtdks wma, movdgi tockg brdbks eraj dllkiol Bkgiold djjdirogts, mo`

pratkhtk` tmk Bkgiolds og` mo` hajjdttk` atmkr dllkiol ohtdags' Xuhm prohtdhks, tmky

sod`, mo` eukllk` tmk hageldht'

0'0' Dg tmk survky, =2 pkr hkgt ae rkspag`kgts stotk` tmot, stortdgi eraj Cyouctoworko, Bkgiold vdlloiks gaw àjdgotk` oll tmk jodg wotkrwoy rautks, tmkrkby aeekrdgi


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dllkiol djjdirogts eraj Bogilo`ksm kosy ohhkss dgta Rocmdgk Xtotk' Eurtmkrjark,

rkspag`kgts eklt tmot Bkgiolds wkrk plattdgi ta hagtral Xdttwk og` atmkr prdghdpol

tawgs ae Rocmdgk' Xajk sod` tmot sdghk tmk iavkrgjkgt mo` gat tockg ogy ohtdag ta

haugtkr tmds ohutk ògikr ta Jyogjors gotdagol skhurdty, tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk, dg

rkspag`dgi wdtm earhk, wkrk agly trydgi tmkdr bkst ta stap Bkgiold ottkjpts ta

àjdgotk tmkj'

0';' Pmk Rocmdgk olsa stotk` tmot tmk gotdagol iavkrgjkgt ar o hkrtodg paldtdhol

porty mo` usk` tmk Bkgiold dssuk ta o`voghk tmkdr awg paldtdhol odjs, og` tmot tmds

ohtdag mo` kxohkrbotk` tmk tkgsdags bktwkkg tmk twa iraups' Eurtmkr, jogy

Rocmdgk eklt tmky mo` bkkg earhk` ta ohhkpt post dgfustdhks hajjdttk` by tmk tmkg

Ogtd*Eoshdst ^kaplks Erkkàj Lkoiuk -OEÊL$ iavkrgjkgt, wma mo` ollawk` tmksk

Bkgiolds ta brog` tmkjsklvks os Ramdgiyo Podgi*Tdg*Pmo, sdjply ta wdg vatks'

Pmky olsa ug`krshark` tmot dg tmk Gavkjbkr 2>?> klkhtdags, outmardtdks dg tmk [gdag

Xaldòrdty og` @kvklapjkgt ôrty -[X@^$ mo` dssuk` lorik gujbkrs ae Bkgiolds

wdtm tkjparory wmdtk rkidstrotdag hor`s dg ar`kr ta iodg vatks, eurtmkr hajpldhotdgitmk dssuks'

0'5' Bkgiold rkspag`kgts ag tmkdr sd`k blojk` tmk skhtordog vdalkghk ag tmk

Rocmdgk ktmgdh gotdagoldst ottdtu`k, wmdhm tmky sod` `d` gat talkrotk jdgardtdks' Dg

survkys dg Jougiòw, Xdttwk, Cyouctow og` Butmkktougi tawgsmdps, =>> Bkgiold

rkspag`kgts wkrk osck` obaut tmk housks ae tmk vdalkghk og` 42 pkr hkgt ae tmkj

hdtk` dgtalkroghk og` ktmgdh gotdagoldsj ojagi Rocmdgk pkaplk' Jast Bkgiolds

ohcgawlkìk` tmot tmk dgdtdol ropk og` jur`kr hosk ot Cyoucgdjow Udlloik wos og

ugohhkptoblk hrdjk' Mawkvkr, tmky olsa sod` tmk iavkrgjkgt smaul` movk `kolt wdtm

subskqukgt hrdjks dg o tdjkly joggkr' Pmky dg`dhotk` tmkdr bkldke tmot Rocmdgkktmgdh gotdagoldsts usk` tmk ropk hosk ta hrkotk traublk ear Bkgiolds' Xurvkys dg

Bkgiold*àjdgotk` orkos suhm os Jougiòw, Amg*@ow vdlloik, Gyougihmougi og`

atmkr vdlloiks mawkvkr rkvkolk` tmot dg tmksk orkos pkaplk mo` gat mkor` ae tmk ropk

og` jur`kr ae Jo Pmdò Mtwk by Bkgiolds, but agly ae tmk cdlldgi ae ?> Jusldjs by

tmk Rocmdgk jab ot Pougiiack' O hajpordsag ae tmksk stotkjkgts smaws tmot tmk

Bkgiolds wma mo` `dsskjdgotk` suhm dgearjotdag mo` àgk sa sklkhtdvkly, wdtmaut

prkskgtdgi oll tmk eohts ta tmkdr hajjugdtdks'

0'9' Jast Bkgiolds blojk jkjbkrs ae tmk Rocmdgk Gotdagoldtdks @kvklapjkgt

ôrty -RG@^$ ear tmk vdalkghk' Dg tmk obavk survkys, =8 pkr hkgt ae Bkgiold

rkspag`kgts stotk` tmot RG@^ jkjbkrs wkrk ojagi tmask wma horrdk` aut orsag,pratkst jorhmks og` `drkht ottohcs ag Bkgiold vdlloiks' Pmky olsa ohhusk` tmk

Orocog Ldbkrotdag ôrty -OL^$, wmdhm mo` fust rkhkgtly gkiatdotk` pkohk wdtm tmk

Jyogjor iavkrgjkgt, ae dgstdiotdgi tmk vdalkghk' Edkl` dgvkstdiotdags smawk` tmot

tmk pasdtdag ae tmk OL^ hog bk sujjordzk` os eallaws6

Pmk Rocmdgk pkaplk ork ohtdgi os tmk eragt*ldgk `kekg`krs ae tmk [gdag

ae Jyogjor oiodgst tmk Bkgiold tmrkot' OL^ prajatks tmk `kekghk ae

tmk Rocmdgk pkaplk oiodgst tmk ògikrs ae Bkgiolds kghraohmdgi ag

Rocmdgk sadl' Pmk OL^ mos urik` tmk Jyogjor iavkrgjkgt og`

Jyogjor pkaplk ta fadg dg tmds struiilk oiodgst tmk hajjag ògikr'


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Kvkg de tmky à gat fadg dg, tmk OL^ ag dts awg ds prkpork` ta à dts

utjast ta `kekg` Rocmdgk Xtotk oiodgst tmk prkskgt ògikr'

0'=' Xajk Bkgiolds stotk` tmot tmk vdalkghk moppkgk` bkhousk ae tmk

iavkrgjkgts rkluhtoghk ta eully djplkjkgt tmk low og` ar`kr' Ojagist survky

rkspag`kgts, ;; pkr hkgt ohhus

Documents

Rakhine Commission Report - English Translation