Radna sveska iz hemije za III razred Gimnazije Isidora Sekulić

,

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, 2014.

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1. 5 g .2. 10 cm3 50 % (5 cm3 5 cm3 ).3. -- 30 : 3 : 8. , .4. .

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2

. (Citrus limonum). . , - . (3,5 5 %), , , , . , .

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1

(C6H5COOH)

::) 2 g 100 cm3 , ) ) ) )

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: 2 g 2 g . 10 cm3 10 % - (NaOH). , -, , .. , - 10% e e .

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3

: 1g 2 cm3 . .

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: 0,5 g . , . , , , .

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1

: . 125 cm3 125 cm3 . . 78,2 0 . . 96 % , 100% .

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5.

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Rf =b

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1

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. 11. 3. Rf ( )________________________________________________________________________________________________

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a

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B Rf

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2

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3. Rf ( - )________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ( )

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Rf =b

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1. .2. .3. .4. .5. Rf-- .

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:

6.

, , . , , . (, , ). . . , , , . : (II)-, (IV)- (CO2) (H2O). (IV)- -, (II)- (CuSO4) , , , . , -. , . (-SH), (-S-), (-S-S-) . - -, (H2S), , (II)- (Pb(NO3)2 (II)- (PbS).

1

( )

: 2 g (II)- . . .

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. 15. (IV)-:________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2

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2 g - (- - - - 3 : 1). -. . .

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: 2 cm3 30 % -. , . 1 cm3 (1: 1), 1cm3 10 % (II)-.

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4

, . (), ( ) ( ). , . ( , , ...) .

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: 2 cm3 , . 1cm3 . . , 1g.

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:1. (IV)- .2. .3. .

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7.

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1. . - (, ). .

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1

: 3 cm3 , . . . :

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3

-

: 3 cm3 4 cm3 10% - 1 cm3 (1 : 1). 1 cm3 . .

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1- 2- -

: 1 cm3 , 1-, 2- 1 cm3 1% -, (1:1) . :

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1. (II)-.2. - .3. 1- - .

42

8.

( -) . , , , 15-20 .

(1,2,3-) . . , :

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1

-E , s- t-

: 1 cm3 : , s-, e t-. 2 cm3 . .

E :

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2

( C3H5(OH)3) (II)- (CuSO4): 1 cm3 10% - 1 cm3 2 % (II)- 1 cm3 . .

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3

: - 0,5 cm3 - . , 1 cm3 .

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-: 2 cm3 - (K2Cr2O7) 4 cm3 (1:1). 1 cm3 .

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1. (II)-.2. -.3. -.4. , 2- -

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9.

,

(=). RCHO, . ( ) . ( ) . :

(, ) (, 2-). , . , , , . -. . , , . - . , . (II)-. -. () .

1

()

: . 5 g - 2 : 1. . 2-3 . .

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. 17.

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2

(): 3 cm3 -, 2-3 5 cm3 2 mol/ dm3 -. 1 cm3 . .

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3

()

: 1 cm3 I 1 cm3 II. 1 cm3 (), 1 cm3 1 % . .

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4

()

: 2 cm3 - -. . 1 cm3 (), 1 cm3 1% . . .

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1. .2. .3. .4. .

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10.

,

(-). . IUPAC-ovoj . :

, . (Mg, Zn, Al, Fe...). ( , .) . , , . . , , , - . , .

1

: 1cm3 50% , . . .:

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2

;

:) 1g - 2 cm3 10 % . .) 1 g - 2 cm3 . .:

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3

() -

: 2 cm3 , 2 cm31 % - 1 cm3 10 % . 1cm3 . . .

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4

(III)-;: 1 cm3 1 cm3 (III)- . :

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5

: 1 cm3 - 1 cm3 . .

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6

:

: ) , . . 2 cm3 , , . .

) . 2 cm3 , 1 g 2 cm3 . 1 g NaHCO3 . .

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:1. , .2. .3. -.4. - .5. -.6. - .7. .

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11.

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1.

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1

: 1 cm3 : : . : 1-. : . : . 0,5 cm3 .

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2

: :1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3 . 1 cm3 . .

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: 1 cm3 1 cm3 10% .

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:1. -.2. - .3. - .4. (-).5. ( -) .6. .7. .8. 1-.9. .

60

12.

. () . :- - - -

- 1g . . . (772,5) (557,5), .

(Sbr)

- , . - . :

Sbr = (a-b) 28.05

g

- cm3 0,5 mol/dm3 b - cm3 0,5 mol/dm3 28,05 mg - 1 cm3 0,5 mol/dm3 g -

500 cm3 2 g 25 cm3 KOH. 30 . 0,5 mol/dm3 HCl . cm3 - b. . cm3 -a. .

61

. 18.

a = ............... cm3

b =................cm3

m = ................ g

Sbr = (a-b) 28.05

g

62

13.

100 g . 10 80, 90 190. oe , . . 25 g 500cm3 ; 30 g (II)- 500 cm3 . 1:1. :

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(II)- --

- :

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- . - :

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- :

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63

:

br = (a-b) 1.269

G

b - cm3 0,1 mol/dm3 Na2S2O3 ( )a - cm3 0,1 mol/dm3 Na2S2O3 ( )g - 1,269- Na2S2O3

1g . 15 cm3 , 25 cm3 , .. 15cm3 10 % - 100 cm3 . o 0,1mol/dm3 -. . - a b :

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64

a =............................

b =..........................

G = ........................

:

br = (a-b) 1.269

G

65

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14.

I II

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, , , . . .

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1

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5 g , 14 cm3 5 . 50-60 0 15 . 80 cm3 , () . . .

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2

:

. 2,5 cm3 . 20 cm3 20 cm3 . . 1400, . .

. .20.

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:

15.

I

II (UV) (VID)

1. - () :

= = :

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( ) :

=

69

2)

10-4 1013 nm.

| | | | | |- x- UV VID IC MT RT_____________________________________________________________________________________10-4 10-2 10 380 480 3 105 109 1013 (nm)

3)

- - - -

4)

- ( ( UV, VID, IC)) - ( )

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70

, , , : = + v + r .

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(UV VID). , .

(IC). .

, (MT). .

, (RT), . .

71

I

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(1) (2) (3) (). , , . (4) (5). (6) (7) . ( ) (8) . . . (c) (I) . (Ix) cx.

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72

:

.

: 100 cm3 a - 1g/cm3 , 0,0254 g - 100 cm3 , 100 cm3 , 0,0954 g - 100 cm3. O , 50 cm3 1, 2, 3, 4 5 g/cm3 . ( 589,0 nm, 766,5 nm). . . .

II A A

UV VID . , .

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73

(1), (2) (3). , (4). (5) , (6), (7) . (I). (I0), (5). - , : () (I0) (I) .

I

IA 0log A = abc

A - ( )I0 - I - a ()b - c -

( ) () (). , , , .

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74

1. :a. b. - (

)

2. : a. - ( = abc),

(), (), (b) (c).

. : (c) () . (cx ), (Ax ), (cx )

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1. ?2. .3. .4. UV- VID- .5. .6. .7. UV- VID-.

75

16.

(IC)

IC-. IC- (T) - , (I) (I0 ) () (1/ ).

T

A1

log 0I

IT =

1

. IC- ( , , ) . IC- (fingerprint) .

IC-

. 27. IC-

IC-

1. - 2. :

a. -

b. .

76

. 28. IC- (. , , , , 1990.)

77

O IC-

, . () .

:

IC- , , :

1. ()2. ()3. (n-)4. ( )

: _________________________________________________________________________ , cm-1 __________________________________________________________________________ O-H () 3600

O-H ( ) 2500-3400 ()

C-H () 2850-3000 () 3000-3100 () 3300 () 3000-3100

C-C () 900 CC () 1650 , oCC () 2050 C-C () 1450-1600 ( )

-- () 1100 C=O (, ) 1650-1700

< 20% , 20% < > 60% > 60 %.

78

IC-

.1 ( )

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79

(. , . , . , , , , 1990.)

.

1

2

3

4

1. IC-..2. IC-.3. IC-.

80

17.

I

II

I

, .

400 800 nm. , , . . ( ).

- , : () (I0) (I) .

= log I0I A = abc :a - ( )b - c -

, . , . . : (c) (cx). ( ). . :

A = Ax - :

abc = a bxcx b i bx cx

.

cx =

81

.

.30. :1- 2- 3- 4-

1

-

: 100 cm3 15 cm3 - (KMnO4) = 6,4 10 -3mol/dm3. , , , . - .

c = 6,4 x 10-4 mol/dm3

b = ..........

b x = ..........

x = ..........

:

________________________________________________________________________________________________

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82

:

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1. ?2. .3. ?4. ?

83

II

. , , (m/e). , . , ().

1.

2. 3. ( )

4.

(1) , (2). . :

+ - + + 2-

+ ( ) (3). , r . , r m.

r = m m1 m2 r1 r2, :

r1 : r2 = m1 : m2

12 , 12+ . . (4) (). . , .

=

84

:

. 31.

120,9 122, 9. 64, 47,5 . . :

=64

(64+47.5) 100 % = 57,39 %

= 47.564 + 47.5 100 % = 42,60 %

. :

Ar = 120,9 0,5739 + 122,9 0,4260 = 121,74

1. .2. .

\

85

18.

(NMR)

, (R) . , , ( ). ( 1), , , . . () (0 ), ( ) ( ).

) ) . 32.

, . , (R). .

_________________________ 0

() ()

. 33. 0

86

( ) , NMR.

: - NMR-

. - NMR-

NMR-

. 34. NMR-

NMR-

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2____________________________________ 5_____________________________________

3____________________________________

87

NMR

(1) (2) (3). , (4) (5), . NMR- . , .

NMR-

(12C, 16, 32S, 1), . . . a (-, -, -...) NMR-. . NMR- ,TMS ( (CH3)4Si), -.

: 1. NMR- .2. NMR-

NMR-

NMR- ?___________________________________________________

- ?________________________________________

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? ________________________________________________________________

2. NMR :

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88

1. NMR?2. ?3. NMR -.4. NMR -.5. NMR -?6. NMR- ?

89

1. ., . , , , , 2006.

2. . , . , . , , , , 1990.

3. . Chang, Essential Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 1996.

4. ., , , , 1990.

5. ., . , , . , 1967.

6. . , , , ,, 1995

7. ., , , ,, 2005.

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Radna sveska iz hemije za III razred Gimnazije Isidora Sekulić

Text of Radna sveska iz hemije za III razred Gimnazije Isidora Sekulić