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RADIOLO
GIC
IMAGIN
G
EQUIPMENT
1
THE X
-RAY
ROOM
2
PROCESSIN
G ROOM
3
THE X
-RAY
ROOM
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X-RAY
TUBE
CONTROL P
ANEL
ANCILLARY
EQUIPMENT
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THE X-RAY TUBE
REVIEW OF X-RAY DISCOVERY
CROOKE’S TUBE
WILHELM ROENTGEN’S OBSERVATIONS
November 8, 1895
BERTHA ROENTGEN’S HAND
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THE X-RAY TUBE
CATHODE
ANODE
VACUUM
GLASS ENVELOPE
CURRENT
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THE X-RAY TUBESimple car battery
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
anode cathode
Glass envelope
Tube housing
X-ray tube
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
What do you need to produce ionizing
radiation?
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
anode cathode
Glass envelope
Tube housing
X-ray tube
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
steel casing
Glass envelope
Port/window
oilLead casing
anode cathode
Which end of tube is the positive end?Which end is the negative end?Is this a stationery or rotating anode? 25
THE X-RAY TUBE
What is electromagnetic spectrum?
What are photons?
What is radiation?
What is ionizing radiation?
What is x-ray?
What are roentgen rays
What are photons?
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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THE X-RAY TUBE
The amount of electrons burned
off
• Milli-amperage • Electron cloud• Thermionic
Emission• Focusing cup• ??amount of
electrons???
• ? How many mA are applied?
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THE X-RAY TUBE
The amount of time charged is
applied
• The longer the the • milli-amps are applied, • the more electrons are• burned off.
• How many seconds are • applied?
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THE X-RAY TUBE
The strength of the positive charge
The stronger the force of thepositive charge, the faster theelectrons rush toward anode, The more x-rays are generated.The force of the charge is measured by kilovoltage (kV) applied to the anode
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THE X-RAY TUBE
technique
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CONTROL PANEL
Where the technologist controls the x-ray machine
Where technique selection occurs
Always located outside the x-ray room
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CONTROL PANEL
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CONTR0L PANEL
kVp controls Strength of beam kVp more penetrating
50-110 kVp in diagnostic x-ray
Controls contrast and density on image
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CONTROL PANEL
mA controls the amount of electrons
Time controls how long the electrons are sent to anode
Frequently used as a single unitof measure mAs
Controls the density of the image
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ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
Image Receptors Table Tube supports Grids Collimators Misc Equipment
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IMAGE RECEPTORS
Film cassettesCR cassettesDirect imagingBucky tray(grid)Wall Bucky tray(grid)
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IMAGE RECEPTORS
Film Cassettes are light tight, with intensifying screens. They serve to hold the film safe from any damage. CR cassettes look almost identical butcontain a PSP plate that is used to create the image.
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IMAGE RECEPTORS
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TABLE
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TABLE
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TABLE
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TUBE SUPPORTS
Tube Suspension systems are available in 5 versions. Be sure to check the book for configurations. 50
TUBE SUPPORTS
Designed to help technologists with various tube locations for creative imaging.
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TUBE SUPPORTS
Tube Movement
Longitudinal Transverse Vertical Angling or Rolling Rotating Telescoping
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COLLIMATORS
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COLLIMATORS
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COLLIMATORS
Always collimate smaller than the imagereceptor 55
GRIDSDevice used to “clean up” the x-ray image by reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor
Used on larger, thicker parts
Built with parallel lead strips to absorb the scatter radiation
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GRIDS
???
Primary beam
+ -
Exit Radiation
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GRIDS
No grid grid
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GRIDS
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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
Positioning spongesTapeLead apronsLead blockersMarkersSand bagslinens
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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
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X-RAY
TUBE
CONTROL P
ANEL
ANCILLARY
EQUIPMENT
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THE X
-RAY
ROOM
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PROCESSIN
G ROOM
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PROCESSING ROOM
Film Screen Image Production
Digital Image Production
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PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION
???
Primary beam
+ -
Exit Radiation
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PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION
RADIOGRAPH- PERMANENT RECORD OF IMAGE, BY FILM OR BY COMPUTER STORAGE
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DARK ROOM
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DARK ROOM
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DARK ROOM Pass Box
Lockable from inside, contains cassettes Clean, dry, dustless countertop
Work space be free of clutter Safe light
15 watt bulb 3 feet from film, countertop Orange or amber filter/light bulb, depends
on film emulsion type Cassettes, empty and full Film bin
Must be light tight Sometimes locks with door
Processor Needs water supply, Must be clean
Chemicals Store safely 71
DARK ROOM
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DARK ROOM
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CR READER
CR - Computed RadiographyComputed Radiography is an indirect type of imaging system. The receptorused within a CR cassette is called a photostimulable imaging plate (PSP) and it absorbs the radiation exiting the patient. The exposed plate is processed in a CR reader, where the absorbed energy is extracted. The information stored in the CR imaging plate must be processed before viewing can occur. The resultant latent image data is converted from an analog to a digital signal and a digital image is created. Computed Radiography x-ray systems predominantly use conventional x-ray tube systems.
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CR READER
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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THE X-RAY TUBE
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1
2
3 3
4
5
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7. Describe Tube Travel
8. Describe tube travel
9. Describe how the tube would travel in order to direct x-ray output at #1?? 81
