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© R. KYES
© SLT
Threats to Global Health Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
In October 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a major report titled “Global Health Risks.”
They identified 24 global risk factors.
Included among the top five risk factors were:
Childhood malnutrition
Alcohol Use
Unsafe Sex
Lack of Clean Water and Sanitation
High Blood Pressure
WHO was established on 7 Apr 1948 to advise the United Nations (est 1945) on Global Health Issues
Included among the 24 risk factors was:
* Climate Change *
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
Side Note: Contributing Factors to Climate ChangeHabitat Destruction (total loss, fragment., degradation, pollution)
Side Note: Contributing Factors to Climate ChangeHabitat Destruction (total loss, fragment., degradation, pollution)
Side Note: Contributing Factors to Climate ChangeHabitat Destruction (total loss, fragment., degradation, pollution)
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Side Note: Contributing Factors to Climate ChangeHabitat Destruction (total loss, fragment., degradation, pollution)
WHO’s 2009 Global Health Risks Report
Included among the 24 risk factors was:
* Climate Change *
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
WHO Oct., 2016
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
-50% of world’s coral lost in past 30 yrs-90% will be gone by 2050-loss of coral is an ecological catastrophe-loss of coral will undermine human health
14 Mar 2017
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
• Food and Water Shortages
Planetthoughts.org
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
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Lil Hoody
Marysbeagooddogblog.com
13 Mar 2017
National Geographic Magazine
April 2010
National Geographic Magazine
April 2010
sos-arsenic.net
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
• Food and Water Shortages
• Increase in Waterborne Infections
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, skin diseases, etc. Reuters
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
• Food and Water Shortages
• Increase in Waterborne Infections
• Vector-borne Diseases
malaria, dengue, sleeping sickness, etc.
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
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• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Zika Virus
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Zika Virus:
- Spread by Aedes aegypti mosquito (carries dengue & yellow fever)
Maybe by other more common mosquito species too.
- Zika can lead to fever and a rash, but most people show no symptoms, and there is no known cure.
- The big concern: scientists note growing evidence that Zikalinked to microcephaly - babies being born with small heads (and often incomplete brain development).
- Zika also have been tied to cases for Guillain-Barre syndrome, a condition that causes paralysis.
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Zika Virus:
- First discovered in 1947 in a sentinel monkey (Rhesus 776) being used to monitor for yellow fever in Uganda's Zika Forest.
- First human case in Nigeria in 1954.
- For decades did not appear to pose much threat to people and was largely ignored by the scientific community.
- Outbreak on the Micronesian island of Yap in 2007 caused researchers to take interest.
- In the past year (2015) the virus has "exploded" sweeping through the Americas (South/Central America). An estimated couple of million people may be infected.
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
Areas with Current of Past Evidence of Zika
Feb 8, 2017
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• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)viral hemorrhagic disease (similar to Dengue, Ebola)
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
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“Deadliest outbreak of Ebola virus:
What you need to know”July 31, 2014 -- Updated 1420 GMT (2220 HKT) CNN
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“The Deadliest Ebola Outbreak in History”Updated at July 31, 2014, 5:26 p.m. ET © 2014 Vox Media, Inc
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Hemorrhagic Fever
cbsn
ews.
com
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
• Vector-borne Diseases -- IN THE NEWS
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Suspected Vector
Hemorrhagic Fever Bats (“bushmeat”)
cbsn
ews.
com
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
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“Bushmeat” - Bats
Deforestation
“They argue that the regional poverty and governance issues force people to plunder the forests for resources, increasing the chance of viruses passing from animals to humans.”
DanielBerehulak
The laboratory studies with monkeys (and other animal models) to discover treatments for Ebola, Zika, and other serious diseases represent excellent examples of Translational Science
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
• Food and Water Shortages
• Increase in Waterborne Infections
• Vector-borne Diseases
• Weather-related Natural Disasters
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface
7
Climate Change
Potential health risks from climate change:• Temperature Extremes
• Food and Water Shortages
• Increase in Waterborne Infections
• Vector-borne Diseases
• Weather-related Natural Disasters
• Conflict over Depleted Natural Resources
Threats to Global Healthat the Human-Environment Interface Water becoming more valuable than gold
By Patrick M. Sheridan @CNNMoney April 24, 2014: 2:49 PM ET
Something that many might take for granted is becoming highly coveted: water. In fact, water has become more precious than gold.
While the planet Earth is primarily covered in water, only 2.5% of it is fresh, and only a portion of that is drinkable. In fact, many global agencies now say human kind is in a water crisis.
The World Economic Forum names it as the number three global risk of 2014.
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has warned that, "over 780 million people today do not have access to improved sources of drinking water, especially in Africa."
Water becoming more valuable than goldBy Patrick M. Sheridan @CNNMoney April 24, 2014: 2:49 PM ET
But besides the problem of generating enough clean water, the water crisis also raises some scary potential scenarios.
One is the idea that water will cause global conflicts in the future. Since water, food, and agriculture are so closely tied together, the idea of "water wars" erupting in Africa, the Middle East and Asia is seen as a real possibility by the Pacific Institute, a non-profit research group that studies resources worldwide, as nations rush to secure fresh water for their populations.
http://money.cnn.com/2014/04/24/news/water-gold-price/index.html?source=cnn_bin
© R. KYES
© SLT
Threats to Global Health
