QUIT Chapter Overview Time Line Visual Summary SECTION Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1 SECTION Warring City-States 2 SECTION Democracy and Greeces

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Chapter OverviewChapter Overview

Time LineTime Line

Visual SummaryVisual Summary

SECTION Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1

SECTION Warring City-States2

SECTION Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 3

SECTION Alexander—Empire Builder 4

SECTION The Spread of Hellenistic Culture5

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Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.

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Chapter Overview

The early Mediterranean cultures set standards in the arts, law, government, and sciences that are spread by Alexander the Great and eventually have a profound influence on the thought and institutions of Western nations.

Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.5CHAPTER

2000 B.C. Minoan civilization prospers on Crete.

1500 B.C. Mycenaean culture thrives on Greek mainland.

About 1200 B.C. Trojan War takes place.

750 B.C. Greek city-states flourish.

479 B.C. Greece triumphs in Persian Wars.

334 B.C. Alexander starts to build his Empire.

Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.5CHAPTER

Time Line

2000 B.C. 300 B.C.

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The island cultures of Minoa and Crete develop in the Mediterranean, while Greek-speaking peoples, separated by mountainous terrain, establish individual city-states.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea

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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Physical geography caused separate groups of Greek-speaking peoples to develop isolated societies.

The seeds of much of Western cultural heritage were planted during this time period.

Overview


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AssessmentAssessment

• Mycenaeans

• Trojan War

• Dorians

• Homer

• epics

• myths

TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List examples of how geography affected early Greek civilization.


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Section 1 Assessment

continued . . .

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Land

United parts of Greece; sea trade was important as Greece had few natural resources.

Mountains made transportation, communication among cities difficult; small, independent communities developed; poor resources spurred growth of colonies; poor food production limited population growth.

Moderate climate allowed for an outdoor lifestyle, open-air discussions.

Sea

Climate

Geographic Feature Effects

2. Why did the lack of writing represent a setback to the development of Greek civilization? THINK ABOUT

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1

1 Assessment

• Minoan and Mycenaean accomplishments • uses of writing • other forms of communication

ANSWERANSWER

continued . . .

• No means to record information

• Communication limited to oral means—trade suffered

• Limited ability to transmit knowledge and culture to succeeding generations

Possible Responses:

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3. Why do you think that early Greek epics and myths are so well known and studied in today’s society?THINK ABOUT

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1 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

End of Section 1

America idealizes virtue and the individual, or the hero, just as Greece did; people are still intrigued by the mysteries of nature.

Possible Response:

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• arete • Greek ideals compared to ideals in today’s world • early Greeks’ purpose of storytelling

Rival city-states develop distinct political systems. Athens takes its first steps toward democracy, and Sparta develops into a military state.


Key Idea

Warring City-States 2HOME

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The growth of city-states in Greece led to the development of several political systems, including democracy.

Many political systems in today’s world mirror the varied forms of government that evolved in Greece.

Overview


• polis

• acropolis

• monarchy

• aristocracy

• oligarchy

• phalanx

• tyrant

• helot

• democracy

• Persian Wars


TERMS & NAMES

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Warring City-States

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First Battle

Second Battle

Third Battle

Fourth Battle

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major battles of the Persian Wars in Greece. For each battle, include the victor.


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Battle at Marathon

Athenians

Confrontation at Thermopylae

Persians

Salamis

Athenians

Plataea Plain

Spartans

Warring City-States

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2. How was living in Athens different from living in Sparta? THINK ABOUT


• roles of citizens • type/form of government • societal values

ANSWERANSWER

• Athens had built a democracy, Sparta was ruled by kings and was a military state

• For men, daily life in Athens was centered around the polis; in Sparta, daily life for men was centered around military training

• Athenians valued beauty, individuality, and freedom of thought; Spartans valued duty, strength, and discipline.

Warring City-States HOME

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Possible Responses:

End of Section 2

Athens reaches a golden age in the arts, science, economics, and military power. War with Sparta and a plague bring an end to Athenian achievement.


Key Idea

Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age

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Democratic principles and classical culture flourished during Greece’s golden age.

At its height, Greece set lasting standards in art, politics, literature, and philosophy that are still adhered to today.

Overview


• direct democracy

• classical art

• tragedy

• comedy

• Peloponnesian War

• philosophers

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle


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TERMS & NAMES

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Glorify Athens: Hired artists, built architectural projects and the Parthenon

Pericles’ Goals

Strengthen Athens’ democracy: Increased number of paid officials, increased citizen participation

Hold and strengthen empire:Built navy through Delian League’s funds, protected overseas trade


1. List Pericles’ three goals for Athens. Give at least one example for each.



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ANSWERANSWER

• Agree with the Sophists: Many cultural differences exist in the world; only one set of rules for justice and truth would not work because people would rebel.

• Agree with Socrates: Standards exist for what is right and wrong; governing people in this way is more feasible because everyone knows what is expected.

Possible Responses:

2. Socrates believed in absolute standards for truth and justice. Sophists believed that standards of truth and justice are in the eye of the beholder. What is your opinion? THINK ABOUT

• differences in values • purpose of law • circumstances

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3. How does the concept of “hubris” from Greek tragedy apply to the Peloponnesian War? THINK ABOUT

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3 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

End of Section 3

“Hubris” means the excessive pride that often leads to the downfall of a hero. Athens under Pericles was excessively proud of its sea power and seriously underestimated Sparta.

Possible Response:

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• Spartans’ and Athenians’ opinion of themselves • why “hubris” is a tragic flaw • why the war started

Alexander conquers Greece, Persia, and Egypt and extends his empire to the Indus River. He spreads Greek culture throughout the empire.


Key Idea

Alexander—Empire Builder

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Alexander the Great conquered Persia and Egypt and extended his empire to the Indus River in northwest India.

Alexander’s empire extended across three continents that today consist of many nations and diverse cultures.

Overview


• Philip II

• Macedonia

• Demosthenes

• Alexander the Great

• Darius III


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TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe how far north, south, east, and west Alexander ruled.


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Alexander’s Rule

North

West

South

East

Macedonia

Greece

Egypt

India



ANSWERANSWER

2. If Alexander had lived, do you think he would have been as successful in ruling his empire as he was in building it? THINK ABOUT

• skills needed for military leadership • skills needed to govern an empire


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• Alexander’s demonstrated abilities

• Yes. His ability to govern points to his intelligence and ability to lead.

• No. He had an inflexible attitude, and military skills are not the same as political skills.

Possible Responses:

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End of Section 4

Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other cultures, flourishes throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia. Its achievements have a lasting influence on Western Europe.


Key Idea

The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

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Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other influences, flourished throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia.

Western civilization today continues to be influenced by diverse cultures.

Overview



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• Hellenistic

• Alexandria

• Euclid

• Archimedes

• Colossus of Rhodes


TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List Hellenistic achievements in each of the four categories shown below.

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continued . . .


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Disproved the belief that the sun was smaller than Greece, advanced the theory that earth revolves around sun

astronomy

geometry

philosophy

art

Stoicism, Epicureanism

Realism in sculpture, Colossus of Rhodes

Euclid’s The Elements, calculation of pi

Category Achievements


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ANSWERANSWER

Greek culture and language traveled with Alexander’s armies. Many Greek and Macedonian merchants, artisans, and officials settled in the lands that he conquered and the colonies that he established.

Possible Response:

2. Describe how the growth of Alexander’s empire spread Greek culture. THINK ABOUT

• public vs. private art • realistic vs. ideal representations • the decline of the polis

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3. The Hellenistic culture brought together Egyptian, Greek, Persian, and Indian influences. How is American culture a combination of different influences? Give examples of those influences. THINK ABOUT

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5 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

End of Section 5

The United States has attracted peoples from many cultures. Their various religions, foods, languages, customs, and traditions have blended into or added to U.S. culture.

Possible Response:

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• American immigration • geographic regions/influences • your own cultural background

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QUIT Chapter Overview Time Line Visual Summary SECTION Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1 SECTION Warring City-States 2 SECTION Democracy and Greeces