Question of the Question of the DayDay

5-101. What is a codon? Where

is it found?

2. What is an anticodon? Where is it found?

WarreWarren Pn P

DominiDominicc

MarkMark MattMatt LizziLizziee

Khalid Khalid Lai Lai FangFang

TimTim ChristinChristinaa

ShontaShontay y VaughVaughnn

MariMariaa

KaylKayla a BeerBeerss

RicharRichard d LevickLevick

James James PP

Travis Travis GraffGraff

CoreyCorey Kohl Kohl MikeMike Ashley Ashley

FRONT OF THE ROOMDO

OR

Win

dow

s

AnnouncementAnnouncement5-10

Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5-13!

Translation SummaryTranslation Summary

Review DNAReview DNA

REVIEWREVIEW

Replication fork

Question of the Question of the DayDay

5-111. During translation, the ____

moves along the mRNA and builds the amino acid chain with the help of ____ molecules.

MutationsMutations MutationMutation – – random error or change in a DNA random error or change in a DNA

sequencesequence that may affect the whole that may affect the whole chromosome or just one genechromosome or just one gene

• What can cause a mutationWhat can cause a mutation? ? Copying Copying errorserrors by the polymerase, by the polymerase, UVUV radiation, radiation, chemicalschemicals, , virusesviruses

• Are mutations always badAre mutations always bad? ? NONO. . Beneficial mutations Beneficial mutations can lead to can lead to evolutionary changeevolutionary change..

Point MutationPoint Mutation – – a change to a a change to a single base pair in DNAsingle base pair in DNA– This kind of error This kind of error usually changes usually changes

only one amino acidonly one amino acid

MutationsMutationsFrameshift Mutation – a mutation in Frameshift Mutation – a mutation in

which which a base or bases are added or a base or bases are added or deleted from the DNA sequencedeleted from the DNA sequence

This would This would cause every codon to cause every codon to be differentbe different after that addition / after that addition / deletiondeletion

Mutation ExamplesMutation Examples: :

DeletionsDeletions – – part of chromosome is part of chromosome is lostlost

InsertionsInsertions – – part of the chromosome part of the chromosome breaks off and rejoins it’s sister breaks off and rejoins it’s sister chromatidchromatid

MutationsMutations NondisjunctionNondisjunction – – failure of failure of

homologous chromosomes to homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosisseparate properly during meiosis Trisomy – when a Trisomy – when a gamete (sex cell) has gamete (sex cell) has

an extra chromosomean extra chromosome So in humans there would be So in humans there would be 47 47 chromosomeschromosomes

If the extra chromosome If the extra chromosome is # 21 in humans = is # 21 in humans = down syndromedown syndrome

MutationsMutations

– MonosomyMonosomy – – absence of a absence of a chromosome chromosome – most do not survive– most do not surviveFemales can be missing the Females can be missing the XX chromosome and survivechromosome and survive

WHY? B/C the other WHY? B/C the other X chromosome can X chromosome can make up the make up the difference difference

AssignmentsAssignments 5-9

DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Handout My.hrw.com

Chapter 4

Username = dhe5n

Password = p5e8n

Question of the Question of the DayDay

5-121. Which mutation is more

likely to cause a problem a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? WHY?

ReviewReview

The type of mutation when a piece of the chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards =

Students Choice Students Choice 5-4You may:

• Take 10.2, 10.3, & 10.4 self-check quizzes for a question point each (by yourself or w/ one partner)

• Work on your review assignment

• Make notecards

• Study with a buddy

AnnouncementAnnouncement5-12

Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5-13 (due to testing)!

DNA replication

Point mutation

Thymine

Helicase

Peptide bond

Ribosome

mRNA

Translation

DNA polymerase

Frame shift mutation

Hydrogen bond

Transcription

Transcription - Last names A through J

http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html

Translation - Last names K through Z

http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.html

ActivitActivityy

Come up w/ 6 questions. You do NOT need anwers.

A ____________

C ____________

D __________

B _________

= process of making mRNA from DNA

= process of making mRNA from DNA

C_____________

= single stranded nucleic acid

D__________ = organelle that translates

Protein

DNA

Protein

Replication = process of making DNA copy

A_____________

tRNA

C___________

D_____________

B___________

E___________