QUANTITATIVE WASTEPREVENTIONBENCHMARKS

Jean-Pierre Hannequart

QUANTITATIVE WASTE PREVENTION BENCHMARKS

European Legal Concept of Prevention and Benchmarks

ACR+ Proposals about QuantitativeBenchmarks

Quantitative Comparative Data

Final Remarks

EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

PREVENTION IS : PREVENTION QUANTITATIVE AND PREVENTION QUALITATIVE

Article 3, (12): "prevention" means : …measures taken before a waste,… including the

re-use of products that reduce:a) the quantity of wasteb) the adverse impacts of the generated waste c) the content of harmful substances

PREVENTION INCLUDES PRODUCT RE-USE

WASTE PREVENTION IS »BEFORE WASTE »MORE THAN (= NOT) « WASTE MINIMIZATION »

Strict avoidance

Reduction at source

Re-use

Recycling

Incineration

Land filling

Waste prevention

Waste minimization Waste disposal

Products/Materials Waste

Prepare for re-use

A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

Article 3, (13): "re-use" means any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived

Article 3, (16) "preparing for re-use" means checking, cleaning or repairingrecovery operations, by which products or components of productsthat have become waste are prepared so that they will be re-usedwithout any other pre-processing

3 LEVELS OF « RE-USE » (Sensu Lato)

EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

3 RE-USE LEVELS

(Product) re-use

Waste re-use without complexe pre-processing

Waste re-use with

complex pre-processing

Prevention

Recycling

Preparing

for re-use

EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

3 RE-USE LEVELS AND…

A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

REUSE PREPARING FOR REUSE RECYCLING

Textiles

Paper

EEE

Selling secondhand

Cleaning oldclothes

Using oldtextiles as rag

Re-using as they are

Repairingappliances

Dismantling & recovering

components

Re-using paper bags

Preparing a notepad withunused side

Transformingold papers into

new ones

PREVENTION PROGRAMME RECOVERY RATE

ORGANIC MATERIAL

Not discarded

Discarded

WASTE

PRODUCTor By product

Same purpose

Otherpurpose

REUSE

PRODUCTMANAGEMENT

Control,CleaningRepairing PREPARING

FOR RE-USE

Otherpreprocessing RECYCLING

COMPOSTING AT SOURCE CAN

BE PREVENTION OR RECYCLING

A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

THE PREVENTION OBLIGATIONS

TO FOLLOW THE HIERARCHY IN LEGISLATION AND POLICY (EXCEPT « LIFE-CYCLE THINKING »)

TO PROMOTE RE-USE (and preparing for re-use)

TO ADOPT WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES

3 MAIN PRESCRIPTIONS

PREVENTIONPreparing for re-use

TO FOLLOW THE HIERARCHY IN LEGISLATION AND POLICY

PRIORITY ORDER

EXCEPT… IF PROOF (« Life cycle thinking »)

Art. 11 Member States shall take measures, as appropriate,to promote the re-use of products and preparing for re-use activities, notably by

- encouraging the establishment and support of re-use and repair networks,

- the use of economic instruments,- procurement criteria, - quantitative objectives - or other measures

TO PROMOTE REUSE

Article 29 &1 Member States shall etablish…waste prevention

programmes not later than 12 December 2013

TO ADOPT WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES

… integrated either into the waste management plans or not

… shall set out waste prevention objectives… shall describe the existing prevention measures &

evaluate the usefulness of others… shall determine appropriate specific qualitative or

quantitative benchmarks

Article 29: ( WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES)…&3 Member States shall determinate appropriate specific qualitative or

quantitative benchmarks for waste prevention measures adopted in order to monitor and assess the progress of the measures and may determinate specific qualitative or quantitative targets and indicators,other than those adopted (via Comitology)…

« BENCHMARKS » ARE A LEGAL OBLIGATION(« shall »…« qualitative or quantitative »… « appropriate ») and SOMEQUANTITATIVE TARGETS AND INDICATORS ARE TO BE FIXED ( …some indicators are to be fixed by european regulatory procedure)

3 CONCEPTS BENCHMARKS = comparisons of performances and methods ,with the goal of assessing and improving waste preventionTARGETS = levels of performanceINDICATORS = instruments of measurement and verification of targets.

EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT

ACR+ PROPOSALS

Develop quantitative benckmarks for municipal wastepreventionTo consider the existing european average at 600 kg/inh/year of municipal waste

Bio-waste

Paper

Packaging

BulkyOther

5080

150

100

220

ACR+ PROPOSALS

To develop systematic (voluntary ) preventative actions for the 5 main municipal waste flows

To determinate the european average wastereduction potential –

(= EUROPEAN QUANTITATIVE BENCHMARK FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE)

… based on the results of the best practices

Based on a EU average of

600 kg/inh/year

there is a waste reduction potential (EUROPEAN BENCHMARK)

100 kg/inh/year

(~ 15%) !

ACR+ PROPOSALS

New

Quantitative benchmarks for Municipal Waste Prevention

ACR+

November 2009

GUIDE: Quantitative benchmarking for Municipal Waste Prevention

a new ACR+ guidea thorough review of the waste prevention prescriptions contained in the new Waste Framework Directive.an in-depth research on the principles and applications of benchmarking and, finally, a systematic effort to capture, in a European context, 95 quantitative waste prevention examples that, through voluntary actions, exemplify the potential waste reductions achievable at regional and local levels.

ACR+ PROPOSALS

GREEN SCAPING AND SMART GARDENING

- Chester-le-Street District (Scotland) …meadow areas… CUTTINGS FROM 35 to 1-3x:year

- Province of Vlaams Brabant (Belgium)…slow growing grasses… LESS 40% MOWING – 50% CLIPPING

- Montgomery County Council (Maryland-US)…ban on disposal of yard trimmings… LESS 50% YARD TRIMMINGS

( 55KG/INH/YEAR)

EU BENCHMARK- 10 (of 90) kg

ACT AGAINST FOOD WASTAGE

FOOD = 20-30% of

total CO2 emissions

- Oporto Region-Lipor (Portugal)… serving the right portion… Less 20- 25KG per restaurant/day

- Brussels Region (Belgium)… 6 pilot households … Less 15kg/inh/year

- Amiat-Torino (Italy)… collection of bread and fruit in schools … More 1kg/pupils

EU BENCHMARK- 10 (of 30) kg

COMPOSTING AT SOURCE

Promote composting : - individual- neighbourhood- green areas

- MARTELLAGO-LOMBARDY(Italy)…compost bins distribution and tax break ….Less 77kg/inh/year

- (GAIA )ASTI PROVINCE (Italy)…pro-compost campaing… Less 85Kg/inh/year

- MILTON KEYNES (UK)…home composting information campaing Less 100kg/hhld/year

- RENNES METROPOLE (France)….community composting…. Less 93 kg/hhld/year

- Zurich (Switzerland)…community composting parks Less 100 kg/hhld/year

EU BENCHMARK-20 (of 100) kg

RefillableBottle!!!

- Zonhoven (Belgium) …refillable packaging credits less 2kg/inh/year

- San Sebastian (Giupuzkoa-Spain) …pilot families 20% waste reduction

EU BENCHMARK- 12 (of 35) kg

USING REFILLABLE BOTTLES

Promoting tap water

2,780.3Portugal

2,782.1Austria

2,987.1

Czech Republic

3,192.0Cyprus

3,399.6Switzerland

4,2124.9Germany

4,6136.7Spain

4,7141.6France

4,9148.0

Belgium & Luxembourg*

6,1183.6Italy

Packaging weightkg/pers/year

Bottled Water Consumption per Person in Leading Countries, 2004 (in liters)

Country

- Brussels Region (Belgium)…water fountains in schools

40% reduction

- University of Barcelona (Catalunia-Spain)…gotimplora

10% less plastic dispenser’s used

EU BENCHMARK- 2 (of 6) kg

ENCOURAGING REUSABLE BAGS

- Walloon Region (Belgium)…information campaign 36% less single

- Luxembourg…voluntary agreement 38% reuse increase

- Marks and Spencer (UK)…surcharge on disposable bags 83% less single

EU BENCHMARK- 1 (of 2) kg

FIGHTING AGAINST EXCESS PACKAGING

France 206Italy 198Netherlands 193Luxembourg 190Germany 187UK 167Average 161Denmark 159Spain 157Belgium 144Austria 131Sweden 115Finland 87

Amount put on the market (kg/inhab/2000)

- Suzzara,Mogliano,Valdano (Italy)…prevention campaign 2% reduction

.- IOK – Kempen ( Belgium)…pilot person 67% reduction

- Munich (Germany)…ban of disposable crockery 90% reduction in events

- Grocery Organizations (UK)…Courtauld Commiment 5-25% reduction

EUBENCHMARK:- 10 (of 107) kg

REDUCING UNWANTED MAIL

- DOGLIANY (ITALY)…no junk mail sticker less 4 kg/inh/year

- SANDWELL (SCOTLAND)…mail preference service 1/3 reduction

EU BENCHMARK:- 4 (of 15) kg

ENCOURAGING DEMATERIALISATION

- Brussels Region (Belgium)…pilot program 18% lesspaper consumption

- Rhône Department (France)…new printing policy 20% less

- Kolding (Denmark)…municipal documents demat.

10 less

- London Boroughs (UK)…education campaign in schools

50% less

EU BENCHMARK:

- 9 (of 75) kg

REDUCING TOWEL PAPERS

- Cambridge (England)…bathroom towel paper reduction less 3kg/employee

- Skoy Enterprises (California-USA)…compostable cleaning clothes less 2kg /hh/year

EU BENCHMARK:- 2 (of 10) kg

REUSING CLOTHES

- « Roba Amiga »/Catalonia (Spain)…800 containers 40% reuse

- « Koopera »/Basque Country (Spain)…3kg/inh/year collected 45% reuse

EUBENCHMARK:

- 4 (of 15) kg

REUSING FURNITURE

- Bristol (UK)...Furniture re-use network 60% diversionrate

- Gerona/Catalunia (Spain)…itinerant exchange market 20% reduction

- Dortmund (Germany)…ecomoebel certificate 5-8% reuse

EU BENCHMARK:

- 4 (of 20) kg

REUSING EEE - Basque Country (Spain)… « Ekorrepara »0.15 kg/inh/year reused

- Vlaams Brabant (Belgium)… « Televil »

15% prepared for reuse

- Vienna (Austria)…« Reparatur and Service Zentrum »

less 25% WEE

EU BENCHMARK:- 4 (of 17) kg

ENCOURAGING REUSABLE NAPPIES

- Leuven (Belgium)…financial support less 1.35kg/inh/year

-Landkreis Schweinfurt (Germany)…promotion of reusable and PAYT less 2.4kg

EU BENCHMARK:

- 2 (of 18) kg

CONSUMING LESS MATERIAL GOODS

LONDON (UK)… « toy libraries »

less 5-10 kg/hh participating/year EU BENCHMARK:- 6 (of 60) kg

100600

660• Other municipal waste prevention strategies

218• Swap to reusable nappies and incontinence pads

878NAPPIES & OTHER WASTE5

417• Promote WEEE prevention

420• Promote furniture waste prevention

415• Promote clothes & other textiles waste prevention

1252BULKY WASTE4

210• Reducing kitchen, tissue and towel paper

975• Encourage dematerialisation through ICT

415• Reducing unwanted & unaddressed mail

15100PAPER WASTE3

10107• Fight against excess packaging

12• Encouraging reusable bags

26• Promoting tap water

1235• Encouraging refillable/returnable bottles

25150PACKAGING2

20100• Home, community & on-site composting

1030• Act against food waste

• Smart gardening1090

• Green scaping

40220BIO-WASTE1

Potential waste reduction (kg/hab./y)*

Generation(kg/hab./y)Actions for the 5 flows

Based on a EU average of

600 kg/inh/year

there is a waste reduction potential

(EUROPEAN BENCHMARK)

100 kg/inh/year

(~ 15%) !

Portugal / preparatory document

- Less 30 kg/inh/year of bio-waste- Less 10 kg/inh/year of packaging- Less 4 kg /inh/year of paper waste- Less 2kg /inh/year of bulky and others waste

------------------total : less 46 kg/inh/year

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

FRANCE / GRENELLE TARGETS

LESS 5 KG/INH/Y DURING 5 YEARS (less 25kg)

TOTAL POTENTIAL OF WASTE PREVENTION:= 39% (=150KG/INH/YEAR)

Brussels Region/ WASTE REDUCTION TARGETS 2014 and 2020

( Kg/inh/y)Food waste : - 2 and - 5Green waste: - 6 - 12Paper waste: - 3 - 7Packaging : - 5 - 10Nappies : - 1Gadgets : - 2Re-use : - 3 - 6

------- -------less 21 less 41

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

WALLOON REGION : LESS 16 KG/INB/Y AFTER 3 YEARS

- GREEN WASTE : - 9 (from 35% to 40% participation; 20% of total hhwaste composted)

- ORGANIC WASTE : - 2 ( 30% participation; less 25% of food wastage / 22Kg )

- BULKY : - 0,4 ( + 1kg /inh/y of bulky reusable/9Kg)- PACKAGING : - 1 ( less 4% of packaging final waste/26kg)- NAPPIES : - 0,6 ( 5% of children/13Kg)- PAPER : - 4 (20% participation with stickers;5% with

Robinson list / 21KG)

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

UK – APPROXIMATIVE CAMPAIGNS IMPACT

HOME COMPOSTING : 60 kg/inb/yFOOD WASTE : 34BULKY WASTE : 1.2CROSS-CUTTING : 17

Source: Brooklyndhurst for DEFRA, oct.2009

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

PAYT- 14% (762KG/ US-Cities)- 12% (319KG/ Dresden)- 15% (South Korea)

Source:Kit Strange for DEFRA 2009

QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA

FINAL REMARKS

SOME QUANTITATIVE BENCHMARKS FOR WASTE REDUCTION ARE AVAILABLE

BUT SOME SPECIFIC TARGETS ARE TO BE FIXED AT LOCAL/REGIONAL/NATIONAL LEVELS

FINAL REMARKS

WASTE REDUCTION TARGET =Individual or Global

GLOBAL WASTE REDUCTION TARGET =% Participation

+ % Waited Effect+ % Past-Futur

FINAL REMARKS

WASTE REDUCTION NEEDS the involment of consumers

BUT ALSO OF PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

WASTE REDUCTION NEEDS voluntaryactions

BUT ALSO LEGAL AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS

ACR+Association of Cities and Regions for recycling

and sustainable resource management

+32/ 2 234 65 00

THANK YOU

Jean-Pierre HANNEQUARTjph@ibgebim.be

www.acrplus.org

Gulledelle 1001200 Bruxelles+32/ 2 775 75 02

www.ibgebim.be