16
10/6/2017 1 Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle Lyons Township Adult & Community Education – October 5, 2017 Kirk A. Kreikemeier, CFP®, CFA, FSA 4365 Lawn Avenue, Suite 5 Western Springs, IL 60558 708‐246‐2366 [email protected] Bombarded with confusing topics but difficult to put in context Implications of decisions seem overwhelming and not sure where to start We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and identify three action steps for each Like a puzzle, will start with square edges (base understanding) before filling in pieces No easy button ‐ leave tonight with checklist to do on own or with a professional Complete Financial Picture ‐ Fitting Pieces Together 2 Agenda

Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

1

Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial PuzzleLyons Township Adult & Community Education – October 5, 2017

Kirk A. Kreikemeier, CFP®, CFA, FSA4365 Lawn Avenue, Suite 5Western Springs, IL 60558

708‐246‐[email protected]

• Bombarded with confusing topics but difficult to put in context

• Implications of decisions seem overwhelming and not sure where to start

• We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life

• Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and identify three action steps for each

• Like a puzzle, will start with square edges (base understanding) before filling in pieces

• No easy button ‐ leave tonight with checklist to do on own or with a professional

Complete Financial Picture ‐ Fitting Pieces Together

2

Agenda

Page 2: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

2

4365 Lawn Avenue, Suite 5    Western Springs, IL 60558  |  708 246‐2366  |  pvwealthmgt.com

Income• Employment• Other (non‐investment)• Company Stock Options

Checking Account

Monthly Bills

Mortgage/Student Loans ‐

(good debt ‐appreciating 

assets)

Outstanding Balances ‐credit cards(bad  debt ‐depreciating 

assets)

Social Security / Medicare

401K / Pensions

IRA Account(Traditional and Roth)

Health Savings Account

529 Accounts

Taxable Accounts(including reserve funds)

Set Aside for Your Future

6.2% SS + 1.45% Medicare1

Future Goals

Taxes

Life Insurance / Annuities

Estate Planning(Wills, POAs, Trusts)

NOTES:  1. Employer also contribute 7.65%; extra 0.9% for income > $200k / $250K   2.   Invest gains only taxed upon withdrawal

2

Financial Plan Big Picture

1. Know what you have

2. Set goals and estimate costs

3. How do you react to market risk?  How soon need the money? => Asset allocation

4. Understand key tax brackets and concepts

5. What accounts to open to back these goals and basics of investing

6. Save for retirement expenses – where to begin!

7. Save for portion of college you are paying – they grow quickly

8. Focus on basic features of insurance and annuities

9. Understand Social Security and Medicare

10. Pull it all together, stress test and monitor – especially near retirement

11. You retired!  Where does my paycheck come from?  Don’t forget taxes!  How long last?

12. Leave your legacy by design, not default

Summary of key areas

4

Checklist

Page 3: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

3

1. Prepare a net worth report• List things you have (assets) and debts owed (liabilities); difference is net worth• Assets – taxable, tax deferred, personal• Liabilities – rate, funding an appreciating or depreciating asset

2. Understand paycheck *

• Start with gross pay and note FICA deductions• Then see amounts to savings, benefits, federal and state taxes

3. Prepare ‘savings generator’ – i.e. a budget

• On paper, spreadsheet or tools available• Start with gross pay, list savings (pay self first), expenses, taxes• Begin tracking actual; make sure going where want; “have to measure to manage”

* Blog Post:  “Wrap the Gift of Financial Wisdom for the College Graduate”

What have?  Money coming in?  Where does it go?

5

#1 – What Have, In, Out

Net Worth, Paycheck and Budget Examples

6

#1 – What Have, In, Out

Page 4: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

4

1. Identify items wanted in the future not covered by current job income• Emergency fund for unexpected; 3‐6 months’ expenses; keep liquid and safe• Retirement living, health costs and college are common• Travel that ends after x years; wedding costs; fun money• Changing homes?  State of residence may impact travel and taxes

2. Estimate cost in today’s dollars with assumed inflation

• Use current expenses as a guide and apply inflation• Health costs and college have higher inflation; fixed mortgage has none• Consider reduction in living expenses at advanced ages

3. Prioritize into needs, wants, wishes

• Able to focus if funds are tight• Determine portion of ‘needs’ covered by ‘annuity‐like’ income if wish

Set your goals and estimate costs

7

#2 – Set Goals and Estimate Costs

Set your goals and estimate costs

8

#2 – Set Goals and Estimate Costs

Page 5: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

5

1. Complete risk questionnaire• Questions help determine how you react to market volatility• Range from general questions (custodian) to robust research‐based (Finametrica)

2. Choose portfolio consistent with risk tolerance and time horizon• Key consideration is tolerance for loss and volatility of portfolio• Consider how soon need money – emergency fund, college savings, retirement

3. Establish portfolios with various asset classes and different weights• Historically used 60/40 stocks/bonds; now – add international, refine stocks/bonds, alternatives• Different portfolios have same asset classes but % in asset class varies• Some ‘easy‐button’ funds – target‐date (retirement) and age‐based (529s)• See ‘#1 – Supplement’ at end for how different portfolios behave over past 20 years

How handle market risk? How soon need money

9

#3 – Gut and time => Allocation

How handle market risk? How soon need money

10

#3 – Gut and time => Allocation

Page 6: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

6

1. Tax brackets and marginal rates• Progressive tax rate and how next dollar of income is taxed• Federal varies by single vs. joint filing; states range from 0% to flat % to progressive• Know what marginal bracket in now vs. what expect during retirement

2. Ordinary income vs. capital gains/qualified dividends *

• Wage income is ‘ordinary’; capital gains / qualified at lower rate• Some investment income is qualified, rest is non‐qualified => ordinary• Capital gains tax depends on time held; if < 365 days then short‐term => ordinary

3. Tax qualified accounts ‐ deductible, deferred, taxed when withdrawn?• Taxing the seed or harvest?  Limitations on withdrawals?  Apply to federal and state?• What tax bracket when deducted vs. withdrawn?  Ordinary income or qualified?

*  Extra 3.8% Medicare taxes on investment income > $200k (single), $250k (joint)

Understand key tax brackets and concepts

11

#4 – Tax Tidbits: Fed and State

Understand key tax brackets and concepts

12

#4 – Tax Tidbits: Fed and State

Page 7: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

7

1. Who holds the money and executes trades?• Custodian is firm where open an account ‐ brokerage, 401k, bank, insurance company• Investment range:  Brokerage ‐ full; 401k ‐ limited; bank – savings, CDs; ins co ‐ annuities

2. Types of investment securities• Individual companies issue stocks and bonds• Mutual funds and exchange‐traded‐funds (ETFs) have basket of stocks or bonds for diversification• More refined strategies ranging from options, factor‐based funds, commodities, currency

3. Type of underlying risk of investment• Know what type of stock or bond is inside a mutual fund or ETF owned• Should map to asset classes used for asset allocation• Morningstar Instant X‐Ray – not detailed asset class but good start; careful with bonds

http://portfolio.morningstar.com/RtPort/Free/InstantXRayDEntry.aspx

What accounts to open; basics of investing

13

#5 – Where Invest?  In What?

What accounts to open; securities to invest

14

#5 – Where Invest?  In What?

Individual stocks and bonds from single company Funds and ETFs own manySource:  BlackRock

Page 8: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

8

1. How much to save?  As much as can.  Max tax‐qualified limits is good start.• Analyze if assets plus annual savings covers goals (see later)• Priority – emergency fund, 401k match max, HSA, better of 401k/IRA, 529 college savings

2. Use tax‐qualified 401k / IRA accounts – Traditional vs. Roth *

• 401k (company match!); Individual IRAs; Spousal IRAs (different deduct level)• Pay tax now (Roth) or withdrawal (Traditional); what tax bracket at each point?• Don’t forget about spousal IRAs; also maybe contribute to non‐deductible IRA• Can convert Traditional to Roth but must pay taxes at current ordinary rates

3. Medical costs, use Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) and Flexible Spending Accounts

• High‐deductible medical plan with HSA?; if use low‐deductible, Flexible Spending Account• HSAs encourage smart medical utilization; “triple‐tax play” if use for medical• FSAs are deductible and ‘use‐or‐lose’, but nice deductible savings

*  Blog Post:  Tax the seed or the harvest…or neither?

Saving for retirement expenses

15

#6 – Retirement Savings

Saving for retirement expenses

16

#6 – Retirement Savings

• View all retirement accounts on a combined basis vs. target allocation

• Consider tax treatment of securities and the account held – “asset location”

401K/403B IRAs HSA Single HSA Family FSA

Annual Limit $18,000 $5,500 $3,400 $6,750 $2,600

Catch Up $24,000>=50

$6,500>=50

$4,400>=55

$7,750>=55

N/A

Page 9: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

9

1. Decide what portion parent covers and estimate annual costs• Even if parent pays 100%, discuss costs and value as child approaches college• Colleges list tuition, room/board, fees but need to estimate tuition inflation

2. Utilize 529 Savings Plans – has market and tuition inflation risk• No federal deduction for contributions but some states allow• Both federal and state tax‐free growth and withdrawal if used for qualified education• Age‐based or build own allocation; be mindful of rapidly decreasing time horizon

3. 529 PrePaid Plans – has state credit risk and conversion factors• Only covers tuition, not room/board• Able to use out of state but conversion factor reduces benefit relative to in‐state school

College savings and rapidly declining time horizon

17

#7 – College Savings

College savings and rapidly declining time horizon

18

#7 – College Savings

• Assume $35,000/yr, 4 years, start saving age 5 through last year college, 6% returns

Page 10: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

10

1. What if die too soon?  Life insurance• Focus on amount needed first, then if term or cash value policy• How much?  Consider savings, SS, survivor expenses; NOT multiple of income• Employer life insurance ok, but better choices if reasonably healthy

2. What if alive but can’t work?  Disability insurance• Pays % of salary if can’t work due to illness or injury; employer plans attractive

3. What if live long life?  Annuities• Pay as long as alive; can also continue to survivor; additional use is investment component• Consider for core expenses (along with SS, pension) but give up control of principal

4. Long‐term care – difficult decision• Could buy insurance but expensive, future rates increases, once start need to keep paying• Options ‐ insurance policy (individual or group), hybrid (life or annuity), self‐insure, Medicaid

Basic features of insurance and annuities

19

#8 – Insurance, Annuities

Basic Features of insurance and annuities

20

#8 – Insurance, Annuities

Term vs. Cash Value Life Insurance                                    Different Annuity Options

higher mortality cost at higher ages                Consider portfolio for early years, then longevity annuity IF alive > 85

Page 11: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

11

1. Social Security – yes will be around but maybe reduced benefit if younger *• Risk free, inflation adjusted, 150% J & 100% S annuity for life• Latest Trustee Report states 23% reduction in year 2034 if no changes made• Benefits count as income; 50% if MAGI > $25k/$34k; 85% if MAGI > $32k/$44k• Don’t forget the disability and survivor benefits features also

2. SS claiming strategies, spousal benefits and increase if delay• If each spouse has earnings history, analyze when optimal to claim; maximize highest earner• Spouse will receive at least 50% of other’s benefit, then 100% if pass away

3. Medicare (recall those payroll taxes!) **• Starts at 65 even if Normal Retirement Age later• Part A (hospitals), Part B (doctors), Part D (drugs), Medicare Supplement (Part A, B copays/ded)• Part B premiums surcharge for higher income – MAGI > $85k / $170k• Medicare DOES NOT cover long‐term‐care for life; only 100 days if preceded by hospital stay

* Blog Post:  “Social Security and Medicare Financial Overview”   ** “What’s Your 2017 Medicare Premium?  It Depends…”

Understand Social Security and Medicare

21

#9 – Social Security and Medicare

Understand Social Security and Medicare

22

#9 – Social Security and Medicare

• SS statement wealth of information – and assumptions• Online – ssa.gov/myaccount; paper statement mailed for age 60+

Page 12: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

12

1. Project cash flows to see if cover goals; test “what‐if” scenarios• Review goals with best estimates, different scenarios, stress‐test assumptions• See which variables most sensitive to financial security and try to manage• Life expectancy => 50% chance longer; optimistic returns; taxes on qualified balances

2. Continue to monitor, especially as event nears• College savings – happens quickly; estimated college costs can change• Retirement plan – changing tax laws, different savings, portfolio returns

3. Goals specified can change• Annual needs increase with style of living• May consider moving out of state (weather, taxes) or start own business

4. A free tool, but be careful with inputs – T. Rowe Price Retirement Calculatorhttps://www3.troweprice.com/ric/ricweb/public/ric.doAlso see ‘#2, 3 – Supplement’ at end for very basic illustration of planning projections

Pull it all together, stress test, monitor

23

#10 – Pull Together; Monitor

Pull it all together, stress test, monitor

24

#10 – Pull Together; Monitor

Page 13: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

13

1. Social Security plus pension (if any)• Recall amounts in plan… be aware of taxes – including state• Inflation adjustment for Social Security but usually NOT with pension

2. Investment portfolio for any shortfall; convert portion to annuity• Manage tax recognition when can; forced RMD after 70.5• Consider annuity after rates rise for non‐discretionary expenses not covered by SS/Pension, • Amount from portfolio not just income; use total return and sell gains

3. How long should it last?  50% chance of outliving “life expectancy”• Consider health and family history, likely longer than think; age with 30% or 20% chance outlive• Unknown, so have some resources in place to manage this risk (SS, annuity)

4. Tapping home equity if need (unexpected, LTC, other)• Ideally not part of base income plan but have as extra security• Reverse mortgage not first tool to use, but a nice back‐up; improved recently

I’m retired!  Where is paycheck?  Taxes?  How Long?

25

#11 – Retiree Paycheck, Taxes

I’m retired!  Where is paycheck?  Taxes?  How Long?

26

#11 – Retiree Paycheck, Taxes

Page 14: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

14

1. Wills, POAs, Trusts, Living Wills• Will – names guardian for children; specifies how assets distributed if not covered by other• POA – financial and medical; name someone to act on your behalf if unable• Trusts – specify how assets distributed; can be revocable or irrevocable• Living Wills – express final wishes; “Being Mortal” by Atul Gawande

2. Trusts – manage distribution, control, taxes• Federal estate exemption is large ($5.49mm/$10.98mm), but don’t forget state (IL $4mm)• Even if exempt from estate tax, trusts able to efficiently manage transfer and control of asset

3. Beneficiary designations• Applies to IRAs, life insurance, pensions, company benefits, TOD/POD; they override a will• Life changes ‐ make sure beneficiary designations keep up

4. Provide summary document for executor and communicate intentions to family• Explanation from patriarch/matriarch while alive better than assumptions by children after

Leave your legacy by design, not default

27

#12 – Leave a Legacy

Leave your legacy – it’s not all about the money!

28

#12 – Leave a Legacy

Page 15: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

15

Contact information and additional resources Appendix

29

• Upcoming Talk ‐“Who is FRED?  Where to Find Free Web‐based Resources of Economic and Market Data” ‐ Thursday, November 2nd 7:00 – 9:00pm North Campus Rm 116

• Sign up for monthly newsletter – see sheet

• See website for blog and other resources: http://www.pvwealthmgt.com/

• Kirk A. Kreikemeier, CFP®, CFA, FSA and Bre Robinson4365 Lawn Avenue, Suite 5Western Springs, IL 60558708‐246‐2366  |  [email protected]  |  [email protected]  

Growth of $100 10/4/97–10/4/17  Source:  Morningstar, PVWM Research

30

#1 Supplement

• Find asset allocation that fits tolerance for market’s up/downs and how soon need $

Page 16: Putting Together the Pieces of Your Financial Puzzle · • We will start with a picture capturing the broad financial cycle of life • Then will sharpen the focus on key areas and

10/6/2017

16

Back of envelope – don’t forget inflation, taxes

31

If projecting cash flow adequacy, don’t forget expense inflation and taxes on IRA money

0% inflation, no tax, no LTC, $1mm earn 4% 3% inflation, 10% taxes, ignores any LTC

#2 Supplement

Back of envelope cash flows – is portfolio pre‐tax?

32

#3 Supplement