SYLLABUS

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

D.D.U.GORAKHPUR UNIVERSITY

GORAKHPUR

B.A. I

Paper 1 : Fundamentals of Psychology Max Marks 75

Paper 2 : Environmental Psychology Max Marks 75

Paper 3 : Practical Max Marks 50

B.A. II

Paper 1 : Social Psychology Max Marks 75

Paper 2 : Psychological Statistics Max Marks 75

Paper 3 : Practical Max Marks 50

B.A. III

Paper 1 : History and Systems of Psychology Max Marks 75

Paper 2 : Personality and Psychopathology Max Marks 75

Paper 3 : Psychology of life Span-Development Max Marks 75

Paper 4 : Practical Max Marks 75

2

B.A. Part I

Paper-1

FUNDAMENTALS OF PSYCHOLOGY :

1. Psychology: Definition, goals, fields and applications. Introduction to the

Theoretical approaches: Psychoanalytic, Behavioristic, Humanistic and

Cognitive. Methods: Experimental, Correlational, and Observational.

2. Biological Bases of Behaviour : Neuron, Action Potential, Synaptic functions,

Neurotransmitters, The Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous

System, Endocrine System.

3. Perception: Psychophysics: Problems and Methods: Minimal stimulus change,

Constant stimuli, Average error. Attentional process: Nature and Determinants

of Selective and Sustained attention. Perceptual Organization: Depth

Perception. Determinants of Perception : Cognitive and Motivational.

4. Learning: Conditioning: Classical and Instrumental; procedures and

comparison. Verbal learning : Methods and Procedures.

5. Memory and forgetting: Stages of memory: encoding, storage and retrieval.

Types of memory : (sensory, short term and long term). Reconstructive

memory. Forgetting : nature, Theories of forgetting : Interference and Cue

dependent.

6. Thinking and Reasoning : Concepts, Categories and Prototypes ; Schemas and

Scripts ; Inductive and deductive reasoning. Problem solving : solution

strategies.

7. Motivation and Emotion : Motivation : Nature, need, instinct, Biogenic motives

: Hunger : Acquired drives. Sociogenic : Aggression. Emotion: Nature

8. Intelligence: Concept and Intelligence Tests.

9. Personality: Concept, Determinants of Personality.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. f=ikBh] yk0c0 ,oa vU; ¼2001½ vk/kqfud izk;ksfxd

euksfoKku] vkxjk] gj izlkn HkkxZoA

3

2. frokjh] ch0Mh0 ,oa f=ikBh] vuqie ukFk] vk/kqfud nSfgd

euksfoKkuA

4. Atkinson et al. (13th edition 1985), Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology,

Harcournt Brace.

5. Baron, R.A. (1995). Psychology : The essential Science. New York : Allen &

Bacon.

6. D Amato, M.R. (1970). Experimental Psychology, methodology,

psychophysics and learning, Mc Graw Hill.

7. Nicky Hayes (2nd Edition). Foundations of Psychology, Nelson.

8. Woodworth, R.S. & Scholosberg H. (3rd

Edition) Experimental Psychology.

Kling and Riggs, U.S.A. Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

9. Zimbardo, P.C. & Weber, A.L. (1997). Psychology, New York : Harper Collins

College Publishers.

4

Paper-2

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Environmental Psychology: Nature and Characteristics; classification of

environment. Indian perspective on human- environment relationship.

2. Theories of Environment-Behavior relationship: Arousal, Environmental Load,

Adaptation Level, and Ecological approach.

3. Methods of environmental psychology: Data collection technique, self report,

observation.

4. Environmental Stress : Nature and Characteristics ; Type of stresses, Natural

disasters, technological catastrophe, noise and air pollution.

5. Crowding : Nature and characteristics, feature, effects of crowding on animals

and human beings.

6. Environmental Perception, Cognition and Attitudes: Nature and characteristics

of Environmental perception, Social and cultural influences, Environmental

Cognition and cognitive mapping, Acquisition of Environmental Attitudes.

7. Personal space and territoriality: Nature, Function and determinants of personal

space. Consequences of personal space invasion, Territoriality function and

type, territoriality & aggression.

8. Environmental psychology and saving the Environment: Environmental

Education, Prompts and Reinforcement techniques in Indian context.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. frokjh] ih-,l-,u-] vk/kqfud i;kZoj.kh; euksfoKku eksrhyky

cukjlh nkl] ubZ fnYyhA

2. Bell, P.A., Greene, T. C., Fisher, J.D., & Baum A. (2001) Environmental

Psychology. (Vth edition) Wadsworth Group/ Thomason Learning, 10 Davis

Drive Belmont CA, U.S.A.

5

Paper-3

PRACTICAL-ANY EIGHT OF THE FOLLOWING :

1. Muller Lyer Illusion

2. Sustained Attention

3. Time Perception

4. Spatial Behavior

5. Paired Associate Learning

6. Clustering in Verbal Learning

7. Retroactive Inhibition

8. Intelligence Test

9. Reconstructive Memory

10. Set in Problem Solving

11. Personality Test

6

B.A. PART-2

Paper -1

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Nature and scope of social psychology: Experiment Vs Applied Social

Psychology, Methods of Studying Social Behavior.

2. Socialization: Agents and mechanisms, socialization & deviation.

3. Person-Perception: Impression management, Social Cognition: Schema,

Schematic processing, Attribution.

4. Attitude: Nature, Formation and measurement.

5. Interpersonal Attraction: Nature and measurement, Antecedent conditions of

Interpersonal Attraction.

6. Helping behavior: Nature and Characteristics, determinants.

7. Aggression: Nature and characteristics, Theories, Factors provoking

Aggression and its Control.

8. Intergroup Relations: Prejudice, Discrimination and Communalism, Social

Identity.

9. Group Influence: Leadership, Social facilitation, Polarization, Group Think

Deindividuation and Mob-behavior.

10. Social Influence Processes: Characteristics and types, Reactions, Conformity,

Compliance, Obedience, and Minority Influence.

11. Social Psychological Study of some social problems: Poverty, Violence and

Gender Issues.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. f=ikBh] ,y0ch0 ,oa lg;ksxh % ¼1993½ vk/kqfud lkekftd

euksfoKku] gj izlkn HkkxZo] vkxjkA

2. Donnerstein, M.V. & Donnerstein E.I. (Eds.) (1984). Social Psychology.

WWo. Brown, Dubungene.

3. Mc David, John W. & Harari, L. (1974). Psychology and Social Behavior,

Harper & Row.

7

4. Baron, R.A. Byrne, D.B. (1987) Social Psychology (VI Edition) New Delhi :

Prentice Hall of India.

Paper-2

PSHYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS:

1. Measurement: Nature of Psychological Measurement, Measurement Scales,

Frequency, Distribution and Graphic representation of data.

2. Measures of Central Tendency: Computation of Mean, Median and Mode and

their uses.

3. Measures of variability: Computation of quartile and standard deviations,

cumulative distribution, percentiles, standard scores and their uses.

4. Normal distribution curve: Characteristics and application, Kurtosis and

skewness, computational problems.

5. Correlations: Meaning and methods, Spearman and Pearson techniques.

6. Reliability statistics: Standard error of mean and significance of the difference

between means and standard deviations and correlations.

7. Chi-squares : Computation of Chi-square from simple and contingency table.

Uses and properties of Chi-squares.

8. Steps in test construction : Item-analysis, determination of item difficulty and

item discrimination , discrimination index.

9. Reliability and validity of test scores : Meaning methods and statistical

techniques used in determining reliability coefficients : Validity Meaning,

Criterion measure and types of validity, statistical techniques used in

determining validity coefficients.

10. Tests, scales and norms, Standard Scores norms, T-Score norms and percentile

norms.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. feJk cCcu ,oa f=ikBh] yk0c0 ¼1994½ euksoSKkfud

lkaf[;dh* vkxjk gj izlkn HkkxoZA

2. Guilford, J.P. (1973). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education,

McGraw Hill Kogakusha.

8

3. Ferguson, George, A. (1976). Statistical Analysis in Psychology & Education,

McGraw Hill, Kogakusha.

Paper-3

PRACTICAL (Any eight of the following)

1. Person Perception; Averaging or addition? Halo effect.

2. Success & Failure Attribution.

3. Prejudice/Stereotypes.

4. Interpersonal Attraction.

5. Attitude Measurement (Bogardus or Semantic differential scales)

6. Conformity

7. Social Facilitation

8. Helping behavior

9. Aggression

10. False consensus

9

B.A. Part III

Paper-I

HISTORY AND SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Historical survey of the development of psychology from Greek period to the

middle of the 19th Century. Psychology in Ancient India.

2. The founding of Experimental Psychology: Contributions of Weber, Fechner,

Wundt and Ebbinghaus, William James and Galton.

3. The early twentieth century psychology in America and Russia ; Structuralism

and Functionalism.

4. Antecedents, development and basic tenets of the schools of Psychology:

Behaviorism, Gestalt and Field Psychology, Psychoanalytic schools. Collapse

of schools and later developments.

5. Development of Psychology in India.

6. Evolution of the Contemporary theoretical concepts : Perception, Learning,

Thinking, Motivation and Physiological Psychology.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Kuppuswamy B. (1980) Elements of Indian Psychology New Delhi.

2. Chaplin, J.P. and Krawiec, T.S. (1979). Systems and Theories of Psychology.

3. Murphy, Gardner and Kovack, Joseph, K. (1972). Historical Introduction to

Modern Psychology. Rout ledge & Kagan, Limited : Landon.

4. Watson, Robert (1963). The Great Psychologists J.B. Lippincott Company :

New York.

5. Sahakian, William, S. Ed. (1981). History of Psychology, F.E. Peacock,

Publishers, Inc. Itasca, Illinoiss (U.S.A.).

6. feJk] fxjh”oj vuqoknd ¼1998½ ,d fodkl”khy ns”k esa

euksfoKku Hkkjrh; vuqHko] vkxjk okbZ0ds0 ifCyllZA

7. Sinha, D. (1986). Psychology in a Third World Country, New Delhi: Sage.

10

Paper-2

PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

A. PERSONALITY

1. Nature and Concept of Personality.

2. Personality Theories : Psychoanalytic Theory, Murray’s Personology, Cattell’s

Factor Theory, Stimulus Response theory, Rogers’ Person Centered Theory.

3. Assessment of personality : Principles and techniques, Personality inventories,

Projective tests, Q-sort techniques.

B. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

1. Concept of Psychology : Statistical, Social and Practical Criteria.

2. Clinical picture, causation and treatment of psychoneuroses, anxiety, phobia,

obsessive compulsive, conversion and dissociative hysteria, hypochondria and

neurasthenia, Transient Situational disorders and mental retardation.

3. Clinical picture, causation and treatment of psychoses : Schizophrenia,

Paranoia, Affective disorders.

4. Contemporary approaches to therapy. Behaviorist, Psychoanalytic and

Humanists.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Mischel, W. (1981). Introduction to Personality, 3rd Ed. Holt. Rinehart &

Winston.

2. Hall, C. & Lindzey ; G. (1978). Theories of Personality, 3rd Ed. Wiley.

3. Coleman, J.C. (1981). Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life D.B.

Taraporevala & Sons. Bombay.

4. McMahon, F.B. & McMahon, J.W. (1983). Abnormal Behavior;

Psychologies, View orsey Press, Illinois.

11

Paper-3

PSYCHOLOGY OF LIFE SPAN - DEVELOPMENT:

1. Human Development Perspectives and Processes-Biological, environmental

and interaction ; Major categories of developmental research and focus.

Theories of development : Social learning, Information theory, Cognitive and

Psychoanalytic and Humanistic.

2. The Beginning of Human Life : The prenatal period child birth and the neonate

; Genetics and Culture ; Principles of development, effects of birth on

development.

3. Physical, Motor and Speech Development : Physical growth, body size and

proportion, development of the nervous system ; Principle and sequence of

motor development, Motor skills ; handedness and major tasks in speech

development, Content of speech.

4. Emotional and Social development and Social Adjustment: Patterns of

emotional development, Conditions responsible for emotional development,

Emotional dominance, balance, control and catharsis; Patterns of Social

development in childhood and adolescence; Meaning of social development;

Importance of early social experience. Meaning of Social adjustment. Role of

companion in Social Adjustment.

5. Cognitive and Intellectual development: Piaget’s theories of cognitive

development ; Play and cognitive development : Development of Creativity :

Expressions of Creativity in childhood.

6. Moral and Personality development : The stages of moral development ;

discipline and moral, development ; Cognitive approach to moral development ;

The personality pattern in development ; Individuality ; Change in personality ;

important personality determinants.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Mk0 ts-,u- yky ( ¼1988½] fodklkRed euksfoKkuA

2. Craig, Grace J. (1983). Human Development, Prentice Hall.

3. Elkind & Weiner (1978), Development of the Child, John Wiley.

4. Hurlock, E.B. (1978), Child Development, McGraw Hill.

12

Paper-4

PRACTICAL (LABORATORY WORK AND FIELD WORK)

1. Administration, Scoring and interpretation :

a) T.A. T (Indian Adaptation by Bureau of Psychology or U.

Chaudhary) or Sentence Completion Test.

b) J.M.P.I. or 16 PF

2. Planning, conduction, analysis and report writing of either.

a) Long experiment; in more than two treatment designs.

OR

b) A small field study.

3. Determination of reliability of any one of the following: by test-retest

method after six weeks ?

a) Adjustment Inventory by M.S.L. Saxena.

b) Anxiety Test by D. Sinha.

c) Test of General Mental ability by S.M. Mohsin.

13

M.A. Previous

There shall be four theory papers each carrying 100 marks and one Practical carrying

100 marks :

Paper I : Learning and Memory

Paper II : Perception and Thinking

Paper III : Motivation and Emotion

Paper IV : Methods of Psychological Research

Paper V : Practical (Experimental Lab. Work)

M.A. Final

There shall be two compulsory and two optional papers and practical.

Compulsory Paper :

Paper I : Experimental Social Psychology

Paper II : Environmental Psychology.

Paper III : Anyone of the following

1. Applied Social Psychology.

2. Psycho-Diagnostics and Therapeutics

3. Life-Span Development

4. Personnel Management and Human Relations.

5. Instructional Psychology.

Paper IV : Anyone of the following

1. Organizational behavior

2. Community Mental Health

3. Mental Measurement.

4. Social Psychology of Education.

5. Developmental Problems & Learning Disability.

6. Health Psychology.

Paper V : PRACTICALS

14

M.A. Previous

Paper-1

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY :

Learning and Memory :

A. LEARNING :

1. Fundamentals of Pavlovian and Instrumental Conditioning : Concepts and

procedures. Reinforcement and response strength, Sensitization,Pseudo

conditioning ; exposure learning and habituation ; Distinction and interaction

between Pavlovian and Instrumental learning ; Constraints on learning.

2. Conditioning and Reinforcement : Basic variable : Compound conditioning,

overshadowing and blocking ; contrast effects ; token rewards and conditioned

reinforcement, Time-relations selected theoretical Issues : Imitative and

observational learning. Extinction-basic variables and theories.

3. Avoidance-learning and Punishment ; Acquired drives and emotions,

Avoidance learning, learned helplessness ; Punishment - its various roles in

learning.

4. Verbal Learning : Methods and materials used in verbal learning, Results and

problems, learning strategies, Nature of Associations in verbal learning.

B. MEMORY :

1. Memory and forgetting : The three analytic concepts -stage, encoding and task

theories of forgetting - interference theory and stimulus encoding variability

theory.

2. Sensory memory : Iconic memory - methods of study properties and the

evolution of a process model, Echoic Memory - methods and properties.

3. Short-term Memory : The concept of encoding ; Eidetic imagery ; visual

imagery and Pavio’s dual trace theory. Primary memory dual-process versus

uniprocess controversy; and nature of forgetting in STM.

4. Long term episodic memory : Effects of repetition and organization of memory

in free-recall, Retrieval.

5. Semantic Memory : Types of semantic structures, activation of semantic

structures, Memory of language, Text Processing.

15

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Deese Hulse, & S.H. Egeth, H. (1980). The Psychology of Learning (Vth. Ed.)

McGraw Hill Kogakusha, Ltd. Tokyo.

2. Crowder, R.G. (1976). Principles of Learning and Memory, Lawrence-

Erlbaum Associates, Hills-date N.J. (U.S.A.).

3. Bower, Gorion (1977). Human Memory. Basic process academic press, New

York.

Paper-2

PERCEPTION AND THINKING :

PERCEPTION :

1. The problem of perception and basic psychophysics : The problem, theoretical

status ; Psychophysical Questions, Methods, Basic sensitivity of the perceptual

system.

2. Theory and Measurement of Discrimination : The Continuity and noncontinuity

issue. Theory of signal detection, and information theory.

3. Attention : Concept and dimensions, Selective attention. Determinants and

function : Theories of selective attention, sustained attention : problem, its

psychophysics, theories and current status.

4. Perceptual constancies and form perception, space perception, constancies;

lightness and size, illusions of size.

5. Stability - instability paradox, figure formation and organization principles,

illusion-nature and theories.

6. Cognitive and motivational influences: Target identification, color perception,

selection and attributive judgment, Novelty and complexity.

THINKING :

1. Language and Thought : Language : Structure of language, language and

Memory.

2. Concept formation : The representation of concepts, conceptual processes, How

concepts are formed.

3. The structure of concepts, concepts and prototypes, conceptual rules.

16

4. Problem solving: The organization of problem solving simple problem, solving

multi-step problems, creative problem solving.

5. Reasoning logic and Human Performance: Syllogistic Reasoning, Testing

propositions.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Dember, W.M. & Warm J.S. (1979) 2nd Ed. Psychology of Perception, Holt,

Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

2. Bourne, L.D. Dominowski, R.L. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Cognitive Process,

Prentice hall series : New Jersey.

3. Bourne, LE. Jr.,. Ekstrand, B.R. & Dominowski, R.L. (1971). The Psychology

of Thinking, Prentice Hall Series: New Jersey.

17

Paper-3

MOTIVATION AND EMOTION:

SECTION-A : A MOTIVATION

Unit I Motivation: Conceptual Analysis and Criteria.

Unit II Levels of Motivation System; Reflexes; instinct; ethology and

mechanisms, Drives; Drive Theory, empirical support and secondary

drives, incentive, affects; fear, anxiety and conflicts ; Effectance

motivation and language.

Unit III Interaction of Extrinsic reward with intrinsic motivation. The concept of

Anasakti (detachment) in Gita.

Unit IV Expectancy-Value theories; Basic assumptions, Atkinson’s Theory of

Achievement motivation, Correlates of achievement motivation with

special reference to Indian Studies, Power and Approval Motive.

Unit V Attributional Theory of Motivation, Cognition and motivation, Kelley’s

Personal construct theory, Causal antecedents ; Motivational Dynamics

of perceived causality ; expectancy and self-esteem, Weiner’s

Attributional theory of motivation.

SECTION-B: EMOTION

Unit I Concept of emotion: Multiple approaches to the study of emotion.

Unit II Physiology of emotion.

Unit III Cognition and emotion: Contributions of Schachter, Mandler, Tomkins

and lzard.

Unit IV Emotional Expression and Recognition.

Unit V Study of following Emotional Studies: Joy and Depression.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Beck, R.C. (1983) Motivation : Theories and Principles, Prentice Hall.

2. Strongman, K.T. (1981) (Reprint of 2nd Ed.). The Psychology of Emotion,

John Wiley & Sons.

3. Weiner, Bernard (1980). Human Motivation, Holt Rhineheart and Winston,

New York. Revised edition (1994).

18

4. Atkinson, John W. and Birch, David D. (1978) Introduction to motivation

(2nd Ed.) an Nostrand com. New York.

5. Izard, C.E. (1977). Human Emotions. New York : Plemun.

6. Brown. D. & Weroff. J. (1986). Frontiers of Motivation Springer-Veriag,

New Yark.

7. Buck. R. (1076) Human Motivation and Emotion, John Wiley New York.

8. Agarwal, A. (1980) Achievement Motivation and Time Perspective. National

Psychological Corp. Agra.

9. Tripathi, N.K.M. (1986) Approval Motive, National Psychological Corp.

Agra.

10. Shrimad Bhagwat Gita (in Hindi) Gita Press, Gorakhpur (1995).

Paper-4

METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH :

1. Research Problem, Hypothesis, Sampling and Classification of Psychological

researches, Experimental and correlational.

2. Experimental Research: Distinguishing features-manipulation, control and

measurement of variables.

3. Experimental Designs with relevant statistics.

(a) Between group: Two conditions and more than two randomized

groups ; factorial design (Two and three factors).

(b) Within groups: Two conditions and more than two conditions.

(c) Mixed Design : Two matched group ; Randomized block designs

; Mixed factorial designs with replication on one or two factors.

4. Non-parametric statistics.

5. Quasi-experimental Research Designs ; Correlational Researches,

Distinguishing features and data collection techniques-interview, scales,

questionnaires, observation systems, participant-non participant method of

observation, Ex-post facto, Field studies, content analysis and survey.

6. Coefficient of correlation : Kendal’s tau, Partial correlation, the concept of

partial correlation, statistical computation and its Limitations.

19

7. Methodological and ethical issues in Psychological research.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Mohsin, S.M. (1989) Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Orient

Longman, 1989 New Delhi.

2. Broota K.D. (1992) Experimental Designs in Behavioral Research, Wiley

Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.

3. Kerlinger K.N. (1996). Foundations of Behavioral Research, Prism India,

Bangalore.

4. Mc. Guigan (1996). Experimental Psychology. Ox I. B.M.

5. Tripathi, L.B. and others (1997) Anusandhan Padhatiyan, Bhargav Prakashan

Agra.

6. T.R. Kratochwill (Ed.) (1978) Single Subject Research, Strategies for

Evaluating changes; Academic press, New York.

7. Maxvell, Joseph A. (1996) Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive

approach, Joseph A. Maxwell, Sage Publication.

8. Feldman Martha S. (1996) Strategies for interpreting Qualitative data; Martha

S. Foldman, Publication Sage.

20

Paper-V

PRACTICAL (EXPERIMENTAL LAB. WORK)

In this course of practical work each student shall be required to select a

suitable experimental problem, design, and conduct and report at least one experiment

from each section of first three theory papers. Thus each student shall have to

complete six Experimental Studies under the supervision of the group teacher.

The Distribution of marks shall be as given below:

Design, Conduction and report : 40 Marks

Viva Voce : 40 Marks

Internal assessment based : 20 Marks

on work done during the session.

21

M.A. Final

Paper-1 Compulsory

EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Introduction. The Social Psychological approach, Theories in Social

Psychology learning, cognitive, motivational, sociological and biological

theories, Research considerations Experimental versus Applied Social

Psychology.

2. Person - Perception: Evaluating peoples, Explanation of impression-formation,

Nonverbal behavior.

3. Social Cognition: Social inference, schemas-schematic processing, mental

shortcuts, schema use, and schemas in action.

4. Attribution: Basic principles attribution about others; attribution about self,

cognitive and motivational biases, illusion of control.

5. Attitudes: Determination and characteristics, origin and theories of attitudes.

6. Attitude change: A model of persuasion and processes, the communicator,

communication, the target, the situations and their roles, attitude change

through induced behavior, cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories.

Attitude change over time.

7. Attitude and Behavior relationship: the Lapiere study and its extension strength,

stability, relevance and salience of attitudes situational pressures ; the reasoned

action model and its evaluation.

8. Interpersonal attraction: attachment and loneliness, Basic principles and

theories of interpersonal attraction; Personal characteristics, similarity

dissimilarity, familiarity and proximity.

9. Personal Relationship: Characteristics, Social Exchange perspective reward and

costs, evaluating outcomes coordination of outcomes. Fair Exchange, balance

of power, conflicts, satisfaction and commitment, Aggressive behavior Media

violence.

10. Aggression: Definitions and distinctions: Sources of Anger, Learning

Aggression, Aggressive behavior Media violence.

11. Pro-social behavior: basic definitions, bystander intervention; theoretical

perspective on helping; The expense of receiving help.

12. Conformity and compliance and obedience to authority.

22

13. Behavior in group structure and dynamics ; Group influence, Social

facilitations, Social loafing, polarization, group think, mob-behavior, leadership

contingency theory ; Bargaining and negotiation ; Inter-group conflict.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Donnerstein, Marcia V. & Donnerstein, E.I. (1984). Social Psychology. W.C.

Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, U.S.A.

2. Baron, R.A. & Byrne, D. (1988) Social Psychology. Prentice Hall of India Ltd.

New Delhi.

3. Raven, Bertram H. & Rubin. J.S. (1983) Social Psychology. (IInd Ed.) John

Wiley & sons, New York.

4. Sears, D.O. Peplau L.A. et al. (1988) Social Psychology (6th Ed.) Prentice

Hall, Englewood cliffs, N.J. U.S.A.

5. Deaux, Kay & Warightsaman, L.S. (1988) Social Psychology Cole Publishing

company, Pacific Gov. U.S.A.

23

Paper-2

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Environmental Psychology : Nature and salient features. World view in

Psychology and Environmental Psychology, Environment Behavior theories:

Arousal, Environmental Load, adaptation level. Behavior constraints,

Ecological and Environmental Stress Approach.

2. Research Methodologies in Environmental Psychology: experimental,

correlational and descriptive methods of data collection in environmental

Research, Evaluating the adequacy of environmental research, ethical

considerations in Environmental Research.

3. Environmental cognition : Nature and characteristics ; Theories of

environmental cognition : Development, Information Processing, spatial

knowledge acquisition, Hierarchical ordering of spatial knowledge. Substantive

areas of environmental cognition. Cognitive distance and cognitive mapping.

4. Environmental Perception and Attitudes: Nature of Environmental Perception,

Perception of movement, adaptation and change. Assessment of Scenic

environment: Forming, Measuring and changing attitudes towards environment.

5. Environmental stress: Nature and characteristics: Natural disasters,

Technological catastrophe. Noise, Heat and Air pollution: Nature,

characteristics and their influences on behavior with special reference to Indian

conditions.

6. Spatial Behavior: Personal Space: Nature, measurement, determinants,

consequences of personal space invasion, Territoriality: Types and theoretical

interpretations: Researches on Human territoriality.

7. Crowding, Concept, physiological and behavioral consequences, theories of

crowding, overload, arousal, density intensify, behavior constraints, control;

social interaction demand, sequential and eclectic, reducing the causes and

effects of crowding.

8. Environmental psychology and community; Quality of life, social process and

socialites, preventive intervention; social support and personal control: areas of

intervention; Residential neighborhood and urban environments;

9. Changing behavior to save the environment: environmental education, prompt,

reinforcement, techniques, specific environmental problems: Littering energy

conservation, transportation and vandalism.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

24

1. Bell, P.A., Greene, T. C., Fisher, J.D., & Baum A. (2001) Environmental

Psychology. (Vth edition) Wadsworth Group/ Thomason Learning, 10 Davis

Drive Belmont CA, U.S.A.

2. Bell, P.A. Fisher, J.D. & Loomis, R.J. (1973) Environmental Psychology,

Philadelphia W.B. Sannders.

3. Altman, I. (1975) The Environmental and Social Behavior, Meoneterey

California : Brooks/Cole, Publication Company.

4. Cone D. & Hayes C. (1984) Environmental Problems behavioral solutions,

Meoneterey California : Brooks/Cole, Publication Company.

5. Wiere Alian, W. (1984) An Introduction to Ecological Psychology,

Cambridge Univ. Press.

6. Sahoo, F.M. Mishra P.K. & Pinta, R.S. (1985) Environment and Behavior:

Ecology Perspective. New Delhi: Akshat Publications.

7. Jain, U. (1987) The Psychological Consequences of Crowding New Delhi:

sage.

8. Stokols, Dainel & Altman, Irwin (1987) Handbook of Environmental

Psychology (Vol. 1 & 2) New York, John Wiley & Sons.

25

Paper-3

OPTIONAL PAPER (ANY ONE THE FOLLOWING)

APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY :

1. Nature of Applied Social Psychology : Definition, scope and field. The

controversy between Theoretical, Applied and Applicability of social

Psychology. Roles, Challenges and skills of applied social psychologists.

2. Special Research designs : Quasi Experimental and evaluation research and

related problems of validity and reliability.

3. Deprivation and behavior: Concept, dimensions and approaches. Prolonged

deprivation. Deprivation and cognition, motivation, attribution and personality

development. Intervention strategies and problems in intervention.

4. Rural Development: Social psychological dimension, information, perception,

motivation, attitudes, suggested remedies.

5. Applications to education : Understanding the social psychology of education

the process of educational achievement, individual level factors-motivational

attributional and personal factors, student teacher relations and teacher

expectations, classroom as a group, classroom environment, cultural factors.

6. Mass communication : Background and issues : Social effects on children, mass

media and violence, health and education.

7. Emergence and development of indigenization of psychology in India.

Concepts, theories and tools.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Oskamp, S. (1984) Applied social psychology, Englewood cliffs, N.J.

Prentices Hall.

2. Fisher, R.J. (1982). Social Psychology: An applied approach, New York : St.

Martin’s Press.

3. Sinha, D. Psychology in third world country : The Indian Experience : Sage.

4. Mishra, G. (Ed.) (1991) Applied psychology on India New Delhi sage

publications.

5. Panday, J. (Ed.) (1988) Psychology in India. The state of the Art. Vol. 2,

New Delhi : Sage.

6. Feldman, R.S. (1986) The Social Psychology of Education, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge.

26

7. Liebert, R.M.O. & Sprafkin, J. (1988). The Early Windows: Effect of

television on children and youth. Oxford Pergamon.

(II) PSYCHO DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS:

1. Nature of diagnosis, Referral questions, outline for a case study and the

assessment process.

2. Methods of assessment (a) psychometric tests as clinical tools (Intelligence test,

S.B., Weschler and test of special abilities) Projective tests, Rorschach test,

Holtzman Ink Blot test, T.A.T.

3. The assessment interview, Research on the verbal and non verbal aspects of

interview. Reliability and validity of interview.

4. Self report inventories, responses sets and bias, The use of MMPI.

5. Behavioral assessment.

6. Interpreting, synthesizing and communicating assessment findings.

7. Freudian Psycho-analysis.

8. Human Existential Psychotherapy ; Rogers and gestalt therapy.

9. Behavior therapy, Techniques, Specially systematic desensitization.

10. Group and family therapy.

11. Psychotherapy: Studies of out come research.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Korchin, S.J. (1979) Modem Clinical Psychology (Harper).

2. Garfield & Bergin, (1978) Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior

change, New York: Wiley.

3. Woleman, B.B. (1984) Handbook of Clinical Psychology, New York: Wiley.

4. Wolpe and Lazaras (1978): Behavior Therapy Techniques, New York:

Elmsford.

5. Phil Yalom, I.D. (1975). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy.

New York.:Basic Books.

6. Kendall & Butcher (1982). Hand Book of Research Methods in Clinical

Psychology , New York.: Wiley.

7. Semenoff, B. (1976) Projective Techniques, London: Wiley.

8. Weiner, J. (1979): Clinical Methods, New York: Wiley.

27

(III) LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT:

1. Life span development perspective : Major features, Approaches to the study of

human development.

2. Longitudinal, cross-sectional approaches. Methodological issues in

developmental studies; Experimental, Correlational, Observational method.

3. Stages of Human Development : Prenatal development, Infant, childhood,

adulthood and old age. Developmental tasks of Adolescence: Theories and

implications.

4. Cognitive development: Piagetian information processing and socio-cultural

perspectives, Neo-Piagetian views.

5. Language development: Stages, Chomsky’s theory of language development,

other theoretical approaches, Growth of grammar, Linguistic Universals,

Communications.

6. Social-emotional development : Attachment, Guilt, Development of self

identity, play and its significance, Social learning theory, development of

power, approval and achievements motives.

7. Moral development: Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. Culture and

moral development.

8. Adulthood and ageing : Characteristics, Problems of adjustment. Changes in

Cognitive abilities during old age.

9. Death and dying: The condition of death, attitudes towards death,

developmental changes in concept of death. Death and the sense of past, dying

process.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Wolman (1980) Handbook of Development Psychology. N.J.: Prentice Hall

Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

2. Craig, G.J. (1979) Child Development, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Englewood.

3. Liebert, R.M. & Wicks-Nelson, R. (1981). Development Psychology, New

Jersey :Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs.

4. Bee, H. (1981). The Developing Child. Harper International Edition. New

York: Harper & Row, Publishers.

5. Berk, L. (2000), Child Development. Harper New York.

28

6. Tripathi, L.B. & Pandey, S. (2009). Manav Vikas Ka Manovigyan. (Vol. I &

II), New Delhi : Concept Publishing Company.

(IV) PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN

RELATIONS:

1. Personnel Psychology and Industrial Organization; Constraints on personnel

decisions.

2. Establishing role prescriptions: Job analysis, scope and methods and

evaluations, job-families, designing and change organizations.

3. Management appraisal; Employee evaluation-Rating system and attitude

surveys.

4. Personnel selection, validation models and latest techniques, Psychological

Testing-abilities, skills and achievements constructions of new tests, reliability

and validity procedures. Administrations of testing programs.

5. Management development and skill training.

6. Accidents and safety, Industrial clinical problems.

7. Personnel psychology and labor economics.

8. Input-output model for Human resources utilization.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Miler, John B. (1969). Personnel Psychology, Macmillan Press.

2. Thorndike R, I., (1969) Personnel Selection, New York: John Wiley & Sons,

Inc.

INSTRUCTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY :

1. Instructional Models and Objectives: A basic teaching model, Instructional

Objectives; School and Behavioral task description and task analysis.

2. Entering behavior and development: Definition and classes of entering

behavior. The Instructional use of entering behavior. Intellectual development-

concept, periods, and relation with entering behavior; Language development-

Nature, theories and stages.

3. Instructional procedures and learning: Basic concepts and conditions,

conditioning and verbal learning of psychomotor skills: Nature of skill learning,

Psychomotor abilities, Instructions in skills, Learning of concepts and

principles-nature and teaching.

29

4. Instructional technology: Definitions, programmed instruction on and

instructional media.

5. Performance Assessment and Research: Construction and characteristics of

tests, Uses and types of standardized tests, and interpretation of test scores:

Nature, evolutional research and data analysis.

Paper-4

(ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING)

(I) Organizational Behavior:

1. Organizational Psychology-An overview of the field, Growth of the field of

organizational studies.

2. Organizational Psychology-Definition and identification of organization,

consequences of viewing organizations as open systems.

3. Defining characteristics of social organizations-The nature of social systems,

major social system components, generic types of subsystems, the organization

in relation to its environment. Organizational growth stages, kinds of growth,

the dynamics of organizational subsystems, differentiation and integration,

structural contingency approach.

4. Weick’s process approach - Weick’s criticism of contemporary approaches,

Wiecks organization model.

5. Organizational role taking-organization as a system of role, research on role

taking.

6. Power, authority and control-reduction of human variability. Authority; forms

of authority, legitimacy, exercise of authority-Power-definition and types of

power, bases of power. Control:meaning of organizational control, the control

curve, hierarchical control organizations.

7. Motivational bases of organizational behavior, the ordering of motive patterns-

Hertzberg’s two factor theory. Behavioral requirements for organizations : type

of motivational pattern. Consequences of deferential motivational pattern.

8. Communication-Nature of communication in organization, characteristics of

communication circuits, direction of communication flow, communication

effectiveness.

9. Decision making: The decision making process, rationality and organizational

decision making ; factors affecting decision making.

30

10. Leadership, Approaches: the nature of organizational leadership, Models of

organizational leadership; Ohio state and Michigan studies; Fielder ; Vroom

and Vetton, Katz and Kahn. Requirements for effective leadership.

11. Organizational conflict: Definition, Conflict as process, models of conflict,

conflict management.

12. Organizational effectiveness-problems of definitions: Efficiency of

organization, Efficiency and effectiveness, Maximization of return to

organization.

13. Organizational change-Discussions of comparison: Individual and group

approaches to organizational change, changing organizational variables.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Katz, D & Kahn, R.I. (1978) The Social Psychology of Organizations, New

York : John Wiley..

2. Weick, K.E. (1969): The Social Psychology of Organizing (Ed. 2) Readings.

Mass : Addison Wesley.

3. Schein, E.H. (1972) Organizational Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

Prentice Hall.

4. Tosi, H. (1978).Organizational & contingency approach.

(II) COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH :

1. Community Mental Health: Nature, orientation and its development: Historical

and social contexts, Community Mental health in India.

2. Issues of Research: Models and approaches in community Psychology.

3. Basic Concepts: Population and Prevention: Nature and types of primary,

secondary and tertiary preventions.

4. The Psychology of Social Setting: Biological ecology, Environmental

Psychology; Physical, economic and Psycho-Social environment. Implications

for community intervention.

5. Principles and Methods of Community Intervention: Crisis Intervention,

consultation, The Non-Professional in community Psychology, Mental Health

Education.

6. Theory and Research in Community Psychology: Ecology, epidemiology of

mental health, General system theory and Evaluation research.

31

7. Community Health Services to Special Groups: Children, adolescents and

elderly people.

8. Mental Health Planning, policy development at national Level.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Heller, K. & Monahan. J. (1977). Psychology and Community Change,

U.S.A. : The Dorsey Press, Homewood, IIIinois.

2. Isoe, I & Spielberger. C.E. (1970) Community Psychology: Perspectives in

Training and Research. New York : Appeltnectury Craft.

3. Korchin, S.J. (1986). (Indian Edition). Modern Clinical Psychology:

Principles of Intervention in the Clinic and Community, Delhi : C.B.S.

Publishers.

4. Murphy R.S. & Burns B.J. (1992). Community Mental Health : Proceeding of

the Indo-U.S. Symposium. NIMHANS Banglore.

5. Rappaport, J. & Seidman, E. (2000) Handbook of Community Psychology,

New York : Kluwer Academic Press.

6. Shanmugam, T.E. (1987): Community Psychology, Madras: Utsav

Sammugam, Madras.

(III) MENTAL MEASUREMENT:

1. Measurement: Nature of Psychological measurement Basic assumptions of test

theory-obtained scores, true scores and error component.

2. Test construction: Steps involved in test construction: Statistical techniques

used in item analysis, Standardization and norms.

3. Reliability of measures: Nature and Methods, Statistical criteria for parallel

tests; effects of tests length and group heterogeneity on reliability of speed

tests.

4. Validity of tests: Nature and types, validating criteria relationship between

reliability and validity, cross validity.

5. Psychological tests: Characteristics, classification and applications of tests,

speed versus power tests.

6. Tests of general mental ability, Standford-Binet, WAIS, achievement and

aptitude tests, DAT, differential testing of abilities.

7. Measurement of attitudes and interests, scaling techniques.

32

8. Basic statistics: Special correlation, partial and multiple correlations, procedure

and application, factor analysis.

9. Issues in Psychology Testing and measurement.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Freeman : Theory and practice of psychological testing.

2. Anastasi : Psychological testing.

3. Cronabach : Essentials of Psychological testing.

4. Gulliksen : Theory of Mental Tests.

5. Guilford : Psychometric Method.

6. Garret : Statistics in Psychology & Education.

(IV) SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION:

1. The social psychology of education: Nature and framework, present status, and

fields; systematic issues in social psychology of education.

2. Socialization: Relation with social system, social class and social structure:

Early work and recent empirical findings.

3. Socialization and preschool education: Early experiences and school related

abilities, timing of school related experiences; value and language experiences;

compensatory programs.

4. The school as a social system: Elementary and secondary schools as the

informal student society and the formal society and the formal adult structure.

5. Role relations in the education: Personality relations: The problem of learning,

teacher and learner characteristics, cognitive and non cognitive dispositions;

sources of conflict in school system.

6. The classroom as a social system: Observations and ratings of classroom

behavior; Sociometric structure classroom climate, group process and

interaction communication, Group size, cohesiveness, composition and

leadership.

(V) LEARNING DISABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT

PROBLEMS :

SECTION-A : LEARNING DISABILITIES

33

1. Definition, Identification and Assessment: Problems and Issues in the definition

of learning Disability: Operational zing problems, psychological process

problems, interest groups, demand problems.

2. Identification of Disorders Causing Learning Disabilities: Minimal Brain

Dysfunction, (MBD), Aphasia or Dysphasia, Dyslexia and Word-Blindness,

Perceptual and Perceptual-Motor Impairment, Neurological impairment,

Hyperkinesias.

3. Approaches to assessment of Learning Disabilities: Current Models of

Assessment, Problems of Classification, and Alternative Models of Assessment

using Direct and Frequent measurement, Educational Diagnosis Ability and

skill models. Academic Achievement Component, Discrepancy Component,

Types of Educational Testing. Formal and Informal Evaluation.

4. Specific Learning Disabilities: Language and Reading Disabilities, Numerical

and Arithmetic Disabilities, Attention Problems, Perceptual and Perceptual-

Motor Problems, Social-Emotional Problems, Motivational Problems.

5. Treatment Approaches : Early Intervention, Educational Services : Remediation

of language deficits, reading improvement Approaches. Standardized &

teacher-constructed tests Perceptual-Motor Training Selective intervention

technique for scale management skills, Psychological Services: Applied

Behavior Analysis, Cognitive behavior modification, Computer-assisted

instruction. Use of Psycho stimulant drugs.

SECTION-B : DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS

1. Research Approaches to Understanding Children’s Behavioral problems:

Assessment and Diagnosis: Standardized Tests. Behavioral Approaches:

Etiology: Genetic, perinatal, demographic, and postnatal; Treatment:

Psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, behavior therapy.

2. Developmental Disorders: Their assessment, etiology and treatment. Mental

Retardation: Moderate, severe and profound; Conduct Disorders: Impulsivity,

delinquency, anti-social behavior; Anxiety and Phobias: Separation anxiety,

over anxious, identity disorder; Disorders affecting physical functioning. Eating

and sleep Disorders, elimination Disorders.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Erickson, M.T. (1978). Child Psychopathology, Prentice-Hall

2. Haring, C.M. (1982). Exceptional Children and Truth, Charlesen and Truth”,

Charles, E. Maching.

34

3. Meprcer, C.M. (1982) Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities.

4. Torgessent, J.K. and Y.L. WONG (1982) Psychological and Educational

Perspective on Learning Disabilities. Academic Press..

5. Waugh and Rust, (1971). Diagnosing Learning Disorders. Academic Press,

Mcrrill.

(VI) HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY:

1. Health Psychology: Nature, Scope and development of Health Psychology.

Models of Health: Biomedical, Biopsychosocial, Eastern Approaches:

Ayurveda, Zen, Buddhism.

2. Systems of Body: Nervous system, Endocrine system, Cardiovascular system

and Immune system: Physiology and dysfunctions causing chronic diseases.

3. Health Behaviors: Prevention & Change: Behavioral factors in chronic

diseases, Health habits and Health beliefs. Barriers to Health Promotion, Health

Promotion and Disease Prevention Approaches: Changing Health Beliefs,

Cognitive behavioral approaches to health behavior change, Health habit

modifications, Role of Health psychologists.

4. Health and Stress: Nature and types of stresses, Causes and consequences of

stress, Stress Management, Moderators of Stress: Social support, hardiness,

optimism, future orientation, personal control and anasakti.

5. Chronic and Terminal Illnesses: Nature and types, Coronary Heart diseases,

stroke, diabetes, Cancer and AIDS. Management of chronically ill patients:

Quality of life, coping, Yoga and Meditation.

6. Future Perspectives in Health: Illness and well being in relation to stress,

personality and culture. Health related issues at different stages of life.

Integrating western and eastern approaches of health.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Taylor, S.E. (1995). Health Psychology, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Misra, G. (Ed.) (1999). Psychological perspectives on stress and health; New

Delhi : Concept Publishing Company.

3. Pestonjee, D.M. (1999). Stress and Coping: The Indian Experience; New Delhi:

Sage Publications.

4. Sutton, S., Baum, A. & Johnson, M. (2004). Handbook of Health Psychology,

New Delhi: Sage Publications.

35

5. Rapley, M. (2003). Quality of Life Research; New Delhi: Sage Publications.

6. Zeider, M. & Endler, N.S. (1996). Handbook of Coping, New Delhi: John

Wiley & Sons.

7. Diener, Ed. & Suh, E.M. (2000). Culture and Subjective well being; Cambridge

Press.

8. Synder, C.R., Lopez, S.J. (2002). Handbook of Positive Psychology, Oxford:

University Press.

PAPER V: PRACTICALS

The students have to do two practical and viva-voce-one each from compulsory

papers and one each from optional papers with 50 marks for each practical.