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Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

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Page 1: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Page 2: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

How can we reduce our stress?Here are eight ways to cope with stress

1. Knowledge: Know the difference between eustress and distress, know the symptoms of stress, know yourself

2. Awareness: Know what sets you off, know your trigger points

3. Protection: Avoid stress infected individuals and environments, create a “safe place”

Page 3: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

4. Learning by modeling: Model calm people: a way of making yourself into the type of person you want to be

5. Relaxation: Breath, really breathe: trick the body into relaxing

6. Thinking pattern: Cancel stress provoking thoughts (types of thoughts that give you F.E.A.R.: False Evidence Appearing Real); gain control

Page 4: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

7.Self-Care: Take Care of Yourself: Lack of sleep, poor diet, no exercise, dependences/addictions

8. Presence: Live as if it is your last day: We all have an expiration date: How can we live each day to its fullest extent? Live this given day as if it were the ultimate gift. Don’t hold anything back. Live even more.

• This will enable you to achieve and sustain a less stressful, a more integrated and holistic life.

Page 5: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Some common Symptoms of Trauma

Physical

Emotional

beha-vioral

Rational

Headaches

Numbness

Nausea

Muscle tension

Upset stomach and/or vomiting

Chest pain

Dizziness

Tremors

FatigueBreathing difficulties

Poor concentration Confusion

Flash-backs

Nightmares

Self blame or others

Bad memory

Decision making problems

Impaired thin- king

De-crised awareness

Withdrawal from family+friends

Increased aggressiveness

Increased drinking Overly vigilant

Emotional outbursts

destruc-tive

commu- nication

Anxiety

Pa-nic

Anger

Detachement

Numbless

Feeling overwhelmed

Shock

Hopelessness

Guilt

Lost

Sadness

Uncertainty Denial

Page 6: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Personal feelings and thoughts:

“This is stressful”

Stressful or Traumatic Event

Personal feelings and thoughts:

“This is not stressful”

Individual evaluation process about availability

of coping strategies(conscious and/or unconscious)

Change of physical and/or

psychological tension:too low or too high,

no relaxation,

no balance

Physical and/or psychological

Pain

Physical and/or psychological tension

does not change

Adequatecoping

strategies

Inadequatecoping

strategies

Page 7: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

Stressful or Traumatic

Event

Individual evaluation

process

Personality pattern and structure asThinking pattern Extent of anxiety

•Vulnerability•Creativity

Previous experiencesin personal history

Quality of coping strategies as•Competence to dissociate

•Competence to relax and to manage anger

Quality of survival techniques as

•Creativity to organize food•Communication skills

•Quality of relationships•Personal network

Physical and mental health

Education andcognitive competence

Result of evaluation process

Some individual realities which influences the individual evaluation process

Spiritual and religiousfaith

Page 8: Psychological concepts according stress and trauma

No possibility

to fleeNo possibility

to fight

No controlNo coping

Traumatic experience

Life-Threatening Event

Healthy Process

Freeeze

F1

F3

F4F2

=Fragments

Fear, Anger,

Painetc.

Helplessness, Powerlessness

unhealthy

heal

thy

F1-F4

Splinter into fragments