Psychoanalysis & Deconstruction Slides

7/27/2019 Psychoanalysis & Deconstruction Slides

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Psychoanalysis Criticism: Part 1

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)


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Patterns of behaviour

How adolescent and adult behaviour ispatterned by early childhood experiences


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Conscious

What we are aware of and remember


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Unconscious

A storehouse of suppressed memories, painfulexperiences, wounds, fears, guilt, guilty desiresand unresolved conflicts

Accessible through dreams & perhaps hypnosis


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Id or libido

Animal instinct and desire-results in pleasure

It is an unconscious driving force in the humanpsyche

It operates on the pleasure principle,

narcissism (excessive interest in self) and hedonism

(pleasure is the highest good and human aim).


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Ego

The referee between id and super ego, the

conscious self

It is manifested as the conscious self.

It has no conscious access to the id or the

superego.


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Super ego

Moralityreligion- breaking rules results in guilt

Ingrained into the subconscious through theprocess of socialization from childhood.


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BASIC CONCEPTS OF

PSYCHOANALYSIS Repression

Oedipal conflict

Defense mechanismsAnxiety

Imagery

Drives


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Repression

The expunging from consciousness of the unhappypsychological events mentioned above whichshapes current experiences and behaviour.Unconscious repression current experienceswe hang on to them distorted, disguised and in self-defeating ways


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Defense mechanisms

Defenses are the processes by which thecontents of our unconscious are kept in theunconscious ie keeping the repressed in order

to avoid knowing what we feel we cannot handleknowing. Eg. Selective perception, selectivememory, denial, avoidance (eg. Fear of

intimacy), displacement, projection (ascribingour fears and problems to someone else andcondemning them for it.)


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Displacement

Transferring ones anger or fears towards

someone onto another person

Governed by the subconscious

Not known to the conscious self


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Anger Displacement


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Oedipal conflict (Oedipus Complex)

Competition with the parent of the same genderfor the attention and affection of the parent ofthe opposite gender.

Boys identify with their fathers and girls withtheir mothers once they become aware of theirgender

Compete for the affections of the parent of theopposite gender


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Anxiety

Happens when our defenses momentarily breaksdown. Anxiety the return of the repressed.

Cause stressful situations

Eg. phobias


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Dreams

Using safe content to represent the repressed.Latent content process of displacement and

condensation (primary revision) manifest

content. We may forget certain parts of dreamwhen we are awake or remember the events andsubjects differently, this is called secondary

revision.


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Phallic symbols

Anything that resembles the penis eg. Towers,guns, rockets, arrows, swords, fruits, trees,aeroplanes etc.

Often manifested in dream state or in adisguised form

Represents power


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Female imagery

Anything that resembles the womb. Caves,rooms, containers, bottles, water. Breastsmilk,fruit etc.

Manifested in disguised forms


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Trauma

A painful experience that scars uspsychologically.

Affects how we perceive the world and react to

it.


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Death drive/ Thanatos

Self destructive behaviour. Opposite of eros ie sexfulfillment

Often due to an unconscious form of self-hatreddue to something that is subconscious (repressed)


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Fears

Fear of intimacyno attachment, no loss

Eg. Fear and avoidance of positive relationships

PhobiasTransferred into consciousness in disguised

forms


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Penis Envy

The desire for male organ by females- desire forpower

Starts in childhoodtransferred into morecomplex forms in adulthood

Overcompensation in adulthoodhunger forpower and control


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Castration anxiety

Fear of the loss of power

Experienced by males

Results due to the comparison of the presenceof a penis in the male child and the lack of it infemales

Over compensating behaviour by males

P h n l i P rt 2


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Psychoanalysis: Part 2

Jacques Lacan

1901-1981


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Jacques Lacan

Some Basic Assumptions

- there is no separation between self and society

-personality is not the mind but the wholebeing

-persons psychology cannot be separated frompersonal history

-the unconscious resembles language and isimplicitly manifested in all out actions


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Stages of Development

-child sees self as an appendage of the mother

- mirror stage child recognizes the reflection inmirror is an image

-recognizes that the self is different and separatefrom others


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Oedipus Complex

- the pivot of humanization or a transition froma natural register of life to a cultural register ofgroup that includes laws, language and

organization that Lacan calls the name of thefather which is the Law

- this is the moment of symbolic castration i.e

the separation from the mother


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Lacans Planes of Reality

The Imaginary Order (pre Oedipal Stage)

The Symbolic Order (after the moment ofsymbolic castration and structured by language)

The Real Order (the reality that we can neverknow-)

Note: human nature for Lacan is impossible to know in

its pure state because it is always mediated through

language


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Need, Desire & Demand

Needbiological, like hunger

Desirearises out of the lack of satisfaction

Demanda means of revealing desire

All three are interrelatedeg.1 A child cries for milk,

to have its need satisfied but it also wants or desires themothers love at the same time


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Desire & Demand

Demand is partly determined by the response ofthe other to the demand

Eg.2A child criesmother gives chocolate- the child

can never know if the response was for satisfying its

hunger or as an act of love

Eg.3Anorexic girls wants or desires love but is given

food instead, so the demand continues


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Demand & Desire

A demand is a means of revealing desire but it isoblique (not going straight to the point)

Desire is a desire for the Other (what is notthere and something that could be given only tous- but there is no such object) but it has to beinterpreted.

So, it is the disappointment of demand that isthe basis of the growth of desire.

Desire only leads to desire.


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dEcOnStRuCtIoN

jacqueS derridA2004 1930


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.logocentrisM

No transcendental signified

Our everyday sense of reality is based on

logocentricthought where the values andreasons are based on equated with a privilegedepistemic (like a blue print) access to thoughts,

in the mind of those presumed or authorized toknow (Norris, 2002).


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Whats this thing?


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Logocentrism, which is governed byarchiaanoriginal and true governing principle produces

a sense of totality based on its assumption that

there is indeed a single undeniable version oftruth and thus a perceived reality


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That perceived reality could occasionally bedisturbed or questioned through an act of

solicitationwhich is an act that shakes the totality

of logocentrism creating an aporiaor aninsoluble logical difficulty that makes bothoptions possible

To keep the birds and squirrels away


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To keep the birds and squirrels awayAND for protection against strong

winds or earthquakes


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Diffrance

No element functions as a sign without referringto another element which itself is not present.This interweaving results in each element

phoneme or grapheme- being constituted on thebasis of the trace within it of the other elementsof the chain or system.

Eg. Looking for a word in the dictionary


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Intertextuality& Archi-criture

This interweaving, this textile, is the text(not buku)produced only in the transformation of anothertext. Nothing, neither among the elements nor

within the system, is anywhere ever present orabsent. There are only, everywhere, differencesand traces (Derrida, 2002, p. 26).

Thus meaning is always delayed (to defer/postponed) and different (to differ)


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Diffrance & Trace


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Diffrance & Trace


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Texts

Texts betray traces of their own instability, eg.

Hussein:Ive completed my ISO portfolio forthe SIRIM people to check next week.

Siti J: Hey, dont show offput it away

menyampah akuMariah: My God even Hussein has finished it.


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Binary Oppositions

In structuralism we have binary opposition

Laugh (+) VS Cry ( - )

In deconstruction we ask Are they always

positive and negative?

Could they be the same in a situation?


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Dokonit

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Psychoanalysis & Deconstruction Slides