Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens

Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens Biology and Genetic

Edited by

Nicola Sante Iacobellis

Alan Collmer

Steven W. Hutcheson

John W. Mansfield

Cindy E. Morris

Jesus Murillo

Norman W. Schaad

David E. Stead

Giuseppe Surico

and

Matthias S. Ullrich Universita deg/i Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Biologia Difesa e Biotecnologie, Potenza, Italy

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-90-481-6267-3 ISBN 978-94-017-0133-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2003 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

CONTENTS

Preface xv

Sponsors and Donors xvii

Ecology and Epidemiology 1

RIFFAUD C.M.-H., GLAUX C., GUlLBAUD C., DOMINGUEZ' H., PRIOR P. and C.E. MORRIS. Epidemiological Clues for Developing Methods of Control of Bacterial Blight of Cantaloupe Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata 3

SURICO G. and G. MARCHI. Olive Knot Disease: New Insights into the Ecology, Physiology and Epidemiology of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi 17

MONIER J.-M. and S.E. LINDOW. Exploring Pseudomonas syringae Ecology via Direct Microscopic Observations of the Leaf Surface 29

SUNDIN G.W. Stress Resistance m Pseudomonas syringae: Mechanisms and Strategies 41

TlAN D.-H., STEAD D.E. and R.H.A. COUTTS. Diversity of Epiphytic Pseudomonads on Grass and other Plant Species 51

PACETTO A., BELLA P., CATARA V., LA ROSA R. and G. CIRVILLERI. Survival of Two Biocontrol Pseudomonas Strains in Tomato Fruits After Inoculations at Flowering Through Fruit Ripening 61

BUL TREYS A. and I. GHEYSEN. Diversity among Pseudomonas syringae Strains from Belgian Orchards 69

CAZORLA F.M., ARREBOLA E., ABAD C., CODINA J.C., PEREZ-GARCIA A. and A. DE VICENTE. Epiphytic Fitness of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on Mango Trees is Increased by 62-Kb Plasmids 79

V

VI ,

GRONDEAU C., CERCEAU V., BUREAU C. and R. SAMSON. Evidence that Acidovorax valerianellae, Bacterial Black Spot of Com Salad (Valerianella locusta) Agent, is Soil Transmitted 89

IKENE I., GRONDEAU C., BUREAU C. and R. SAMSON. Pseudomonas Leek Blight: Study of Seed Transmission 93

MATVEEVA I.E.V., PEKHTEREVA E.SH., POLITYKO V.A., IGNATOV A.N., NIKOLAEV A E.Y. and N.W. SCHAAD. Distribution and Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens, Causal Agent of Basal Glume Rot, in Russia 97

PACETTO A., Bella P., Catara V., La Rosa R. AND G. CIRVILLERI. Survival of Biocontrol Pseudomonas Strains and Human Pathogens in Fruit Juices 107

SISTO A., CIPRIANI M.G., MOREA M., LONIGRO S.L. and P. LA VERMICOCCA. Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi: Preliminary Results on the Identification of a Plasmid-located Genetic Determinant 117

Pathogenesis and Determinants of Pathogenicity 125

MURILLO J., BUTCHER D., JACKSON R., SUNDIN G.W, VIVIAN A. and D. ARNOLD. Methods for the Identification of Virulence Genes in Pseudomonas syringae 127

GROSS D.C., GRGURINA I., SCHOLZ-SCHROEDER B.K. AND S.-E. LU. Characteristics of the syr-syp Genomic Island of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Strain B301D 137

HUTCHESON S.W., BRETZ lR., CHARITY J.C., LOSADA L. and T. SUS SAN. Regulation and Detection of Effectors Translocated by Pseudomonas syringae 147

SHIMIZU R., RUSSELL B.W. and D. MILLS. Genetic Organisation and Proposed Function of the hrpM Locus of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 157

LEE J. and T. NURNBERGER. Is Pore Formation Activity ofHrpZ Required for Defence Activation in Plant Cells? 165

CAZORLA F.M., ARREBOLA E., DEL MORAL E., RIVERA E., OLEA F., PEREZ-GARCiA A. and A. DE VICENTE. An Antimetabolite Toxin (Mangotoxin) is Produced by Pseudomonas

VII

syringae pv. syringae Isolated from Mango 175

MENESTRINA G., CORAIOLA M., FOGLIANO V., FIORE A., GRGURINA I., CARPANETO A., GAMBALE F. and M. DALLA SERRA. Antimicrobial Lipodepsipeptides from Pseudomonas spp: a Comparison of Their Activity on Model Membranes 185

WEINGART H., STUBNER S. and M.S. ULLRICH. Temperature­Regulated Biosynthesis of Coronatine by Pseudomonas syringae in vitro and in planta 199

DALLA SERRA M., MENESTRINA G., CORAIOLA M. and I. GRGURINA. Interaction of Syringomycin E Structural Analogues with Biological and Model Membranes 207

PASCARELLA S., GIOVANNINI P. and I. GRGURINA. Substrate Specificity of Syringomycin Synthetase Adenylation Domains 217

BOCH J., LANDGRAF A., KRAUSE J., KUNKEL B.N. and U. BONAS. Identification of Virulence Factors from Pseudomonas syringae 225

LAZZARONI S., EVIDENTE A. and G. SURICO. Toxic Metabolites and Lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas cichorii 233

LAZZARONI S., BASSARELLO C., BIFULCO G., LO CANTORE P., EVIDENTE A., IACOBELLIS N.S., RICCIO R. and L. GOMEZ-PALOMA. Chemical and Biological Characterisation of Tolaasins A-E: New Lipodepsipeptides Produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii 245

LO CANTORE P., LAZZARONI S., EVIDENTE A., CAFARCHIA C. and N.S. IACOBELLIS. Production of Tolaasin I and WLIP by Pseudomonas tolaasii and P. "reactans", their Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Role in the Virulence of the Pathogens 255

LO CANTORE P., CORAIOLA M., DALLA SERRA M., MENESTRINA G., LAZZARONI S., EVIDENTE A. and N.S. IACOBELLIS. Interaction of Tolaasin I and WLIP, Lipodepsipeptides of Pseudomonas tolaasii and P. "reactans", with Biological and Model Membranes 263

VIII

LOPEZ-LOPEZ K., HERNANDEZ-FLORES J.L., GARCIDUENAS-PrNA R, and A. ALVAREZ-MORALES. In Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola the Synthesis of Phaseolotoxin and the Concurrent Expression of the argK Gene Coding for the Phaseolotoxin-Resistant Ornithyl-Carbamoyl Transferase Occur Independent of the Global Arginine Regulator ArgR 275

Genetic and Physiological Analysis of Host Pathogen Interaction 283

LI C.M., BROWN I., STEVENS C., MANSFIELD J.W., BOUREAU T., HIENONEN E., ROMANTSCHUK M. and S. TAIRA. The HRP Pilus of Pseudomonas syringae 285

HE S.Y., BANDYOPADHYAY S., BRAY E., JIN Q.-L., HAUCK P., NOMURA K., PLOVANICH-JONES A., THILMONY Rand J. ZWIESLER-VOLLICK. Pseudomonas syringae Pathogenesis in Arabidopsis 293

KLEMENT Z., BOZSO Z., BESENYEI E., CZELLENG A., KECSKES M.L. and P.G. OTT. Early Induced Resistance, a General, Symptomless Plant Response to Bacteria 301

ICHINOSE Y., SHIMIZU R, TAGUCHI F., TAKEUCHI K., MARUTANI M., MUKAIHARA T., INAGAKI Y., TOYODA K. and T. SHIRAISHI. Role of Flagella and Flagellin in Plant -Pseudomonas syringae Interactions 311

BUONAURIO R., MORETTI C., CAGLIOTI C., ARIENTI G. and C.A. P ALMERINI. Preliminary Investigations on the Role of Nitric Oxide in Systemic Acquired Resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem 319

LI C.M., HAAPALAINEN M., LEE J., NURNBERGER T., ROMANTSCHUK M. and S. TAIRA. Does the Harpin of Pseudomonas syringae Interact with a Host Protein? 327

OTT P.G., KLEMENT Z., NAGY I. and A.L. ADAM. Lanthanum Inhibits Programmed Cell Death but not Resistance in the Tobacco -Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola Incompatible Interaction 335

IX

Molecular Characterisation / Genomics 345

PRESTON G., SPIERS A, ZHANG x.-x., JACKSON R, GAL M., KNIGHT C., GEHRIG S., MALONE J., MOON C., GODFREY S., ROBINSON Z., BERTRAND N., FIELD D. and P. RAINEY. Pseudomonas in the Underworld: the Secret Life of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 347

BENDER C.L. Regulation of Coronatine Biosynthesis 10

Pseudomonas syringae 355

ALFANO J.R, BUELL C.R, CHANCEY S.T., COLLMER A, ESPINOSA A, GUO M., HANKS M., JAMIR Y., JANES M.D., SCHNEIDER D.J., SHAN L., PETNICKI-OCWIEJA T., SCHECHTER L.M., TAM V.C. and X. TANG. Genomic Mining for Substrates of the Type III Secretion System of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: New Insights into Mechanisms of Pathogenesis 363

MANULIS S. and 1. BARASH. Contribution of Virulence Determinants from Pseudomonas and Other Bacteria to hrp-dependent Gall Formation by Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae 373

SMIRNOVA A.V., AUFHAMMER S. and M.S. ULLRICH. Strain­specific Sequence Alterations in the Gene Encoding the Histidine Protein Kinase CorS Might be Responsible for Temperature­dependent Production of the Phytotoxin Coronatine by Pseudomonas syringae

LORETI S., GALLELLI A, JACKSON R, BUTCHER D., ARNOLD D. and A VIVIAN. Characterisation of Effector Genes of

383

Pseudomonads Causing Disease on Hazelnut 393

SIMPKINS S.A., FRISCINA A, MADAGAN K., ELPHINSTONE J.G., and D.E. STEAD. Generation of Microarrays for the Study of Gene Expression Patterns in Ralstonia solanacearum 399

SISTO A, CIPRIANI M.G. and M. MOREA Sequence Analysis of the hrpC Operon and the hrpE gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi 405

x

STEAD D.E., SIMPKINS S.A., WELLER S.A., HENNESSY l, ASPIN A., STANFORD H., SMITH N.C. and J.G. ELPHINSTONE. Classification and Identification of Plant Pathogenic Pseudomonas species by REP-PCR Derived Genetic Fingerprints 411

Disease Management and Control 421

CLAFLIN L.E. Control of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars 423

SANDS D.C., PILGERAM A.L., ZIDACK N.K., JACOBSEN B.l and K.S. TIOUREBAEV. Enhancing the Efficacy ofBioherbicides 431

GITAITIS R.D., SANDERS F.H., DIAZ-PEREZ lC. and R.R. WALCOTT. Integrated Management of Bacterial Streak and Bulb Rot of Onion 443

LAVERMICOCCA P., VALERIO F., LONIGRO S.L., LAZZARONI S., EVIDENTE A. and A. VISCONTI. Control of Olive Knot Disease with a Bacteriocin 451

FATMI M. Use of Oxos, a Complex of Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetic Acid and Silver Ion, to Control Bacterial Speck of Tomato (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) and Angular Leaf Spot of Melon (P. s. pv. lachrymans) 459

VICENTE J.G. and S.J. ROBERTS. Screening Wild Cherry Micropropagated Plantlets for Resistance to Bacterial Canker 467

BUONAURIO R., MORETTI C., BERTONA A. and L. SCARPONI. Investigations on the Systemic Acquired Resistance Induced by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Tomato Plants Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato 475

SCORTICHINI M. and R. LIGUORI. Integrated Management of Bacterial Decline of Hazelnut, by Using Bion as an Activator of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) 483

HASSANI D., BUONAURIO R. and A. TOMBESI. Response of Some Olive Cultivars, Hybrid and Open Pollinated Seedlings to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi 489

LO CANTORE P., IACOBELLIS N.S., SENATORE F. and F. CAPASSO. Preliminary Results on the Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils on Some Pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae 495

XI

Molecular Techniques for Identification and Detection 501

MANCEAU C. and C. BRIN. Pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae are Structured in Genetic Populations Allowing the Selection of Specific Markers for their Detection in Plant Samples 503

STEAD D.E., SIMPKINS S.A., ELPHINSTONE J.E., SMITH N.C., HENNESSY J. and S.A. WELLER. Real- Time PCR for Ralstonia solanacearum

BERTOLINI E., CARUSO P., PENYALVER R., OLMOS A., QUESADA IM., CAMBRA M. and M.M. LOPEZ. Optimising PCR detection of Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas

513

savastanoi pv. savastanoi: Two Models, Two Approaches 523

SONG W.Y., SECHLER A.I, HATZILOUKAS E., KIM H.M. and N.W. SCHAAD. Use ofPCR for Rapid Identification of Acidovorax avenae and A. avenae subsp. citrulli 531

RICO A., LOPEZ R., AIZPUN M.T., ASENSIO C. and J. MURILLO. Limitations of the Current Methods for the Detection of Spanish Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 545

ZACCARDELLI M., SPASIANO A., MERIGHI M. and C. BAZZI. Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato by PCR 553

New Emerging Pathogens 559

STEAD D.E., STANFORD H., ASPIN A. and I HEENEY. Current Status of Some New and Some Old Plant Pathogenic Pseudomonads 561

SCHAAD N.W., POSTNIKOVA E. and P. RANDHAWA. Emergence of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli as a Crop Threatening Disease of Watermelon and Melon 573

SCORTICHINI M., MARCHESI u., ROSSI M.P., JANSE J.D. and D.E. STEAD. The Pseudomonads Associated with Bacterial Canker and Decline of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) 583

IACOBELLIS N.S. and P. LO CANTORE. Pseudomonas "reactans" a New Pathogen of Cultivated Mushrooms 595

XII

BULL C.T., GOLDMAN P.H., CINTAS N.A. and S.T. KOIKE. Identification of Pseudomonas Species from a Variety of Hosts in the Salinas Valley of California 607

FIORI M., CICCONI L. and M. SCORTICHINI. Bacterial Canker of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Sardinia (Italy): Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae Strains 617

OBRADOVIC A., JONES J.B., MINSA VAGE G.V., DICKSTEIN E.R. and T.M. MOMOL. Pseudomonas huttiensis Associated with Leaf Necrosis and Blighting of Tomato Seedlings in the Greenhouse 627

OBRADOVIC A., ARSENlJEVIC M., JONES J.B. AND G.V. MINSA V AGE. An Unusual Pseudomonad Isolated From Diseased Parsley Roots in Serbia

SUZUKI A. and Y. T AKIKA W A. Occurrence of Apical Shoot Chlorosis and Whitening of Pea Caused by Strains of Pseudomonas

631

syringae pv. pisi 635

Taxonomy 643

TAKIKAWA Y. and Y. INOUE. Taxonomy of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars: Classification and Nomenclature 645

WILLEMS A. and P . VANDAMME. Phytopathogenic "Pseudomonas" Species: a Taxonomic Overview 653

JONES J.B., STALL R.E., MINSA V AGE G.V., DICKSTEIN E.R., BOUZAR H., ROBERTS P.D., STRICKLER P.M. and A.W. ENGELHARD. Characterisation of an Acidovorax sp. Associated with Geranium and Petunia 667

SUTRA L., MENARD M., LUISETTI 1, PRUNIER J.P. and L. GARDAN. Bacterial Canker of Wild Cherry Tree in France Caused by a new Pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae pv. avii (pv. nov.) 675

BELLA P., CATARA v., SUTRA L., GUARINO C., CIRVILLERI G. and L. GARDAN. Phenotypic Characteristics of Pseudomonas savastanoi Strains from Various Hosts 681

INOUE Y. and Y. T AKlKA W A. Phylogenic Analysis of DNA Sequences Around the hrpL and hrpZ Regions of Pseudomonas

XIII

syringae Group Bacteria 687 OGUIZA J.A., RICO A., SUTRA L., VIVIAN A. and J. MURILLO. Molecular Characterisation of Spanish Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Isolates 697

Author Index 705

PREFACE

This volume mainly reports on new and recent advancements on different aspects of Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogenic bacterial species that include a high number of pathogens of important crops, which is an interesting model organism in plant pathology. In addition some related fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., responsible of new and emerging diseases, as well as some pathogens previously included in the above genus and now classified in the genera Ralstonia, Acidovorax are also considered.

The tremendous recent advancements on: the ecology and epidemiology and, in particular, the adaptation of P. syringae to stresses and adverse environmental conditions; the function and regulation of genes involved in the production of phytotoxins and on their mechanism of action in the interaction with the host cells; the structure, function and regulation of type three secretion system (TTSS) and the transport of the effectors proteins in the host cells; the possibility to control diseases through the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR); the development of molecular techniques for the highly specific and sensible identification and detection of pathogens; the determination of the causal agents of new and emerging diseases as well the classification of the different pathovars of P. syringae; are reported in 76 chapters cured by leading scientist in the respective fields.

This volume - a compilation of the presentations at the 6th

International Conference on Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens hold in Maratea, Pz, Italy, September 15-19, 2002 - has been divided in eight sections: Ecology and Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Determinants of Pathogenicity, Genetic and Physiological Analysis of Host Pathogen Interaction, Molecular Characterisation / Genomics, Disease Management and Control, Molecular Techniques· for Identification and Detection, New Emerging Pathogens and Taxonomy. All the chapter of this volume have been reviewed by the editors.

I'd gratefully acknowledge the fruitful collaboration of the scientific and organising committees, the financial support of several institutions and private companies (see later) and Dr. Pietro Lo Cantore for the precious secretariat assistance and, in particular, in the preparation of this book.

Nicola Sante Iacobellis

Sponsors and Donors

We are grateful to the following sponsors and donors:

International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP) Societa Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (SIPa V) Universita degli Studi della Basilicata Facolta di Agraria - Universita degli Studi della Basilicata Regione Basilicata - Assessorato all' Agricoltura Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA) Provincia di Potenza - Assessorato all' Agricoltura Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) Azienda di Promozione Turistica della Basilicata Syngenta Crop Protection s.p.a. Innotec s.r.1. Tecnolife s.r.1. Foss ltalia s.p.a. Cooperativa a r.l. Cantina ed Oleificio Sociale di Manduria Chemie s.a.s. Banca Mediterranea s.p.a. Celbio s.r.1. Florilab s.r.1. Co.Vi.l. International P .B.I. Blackwell Publishers co. Microtek s.r.1. Co. Vi.Mer. a.r.1. Cooperativa Vivaistica Meridionale Vivai Giandomenico Consalvo