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Visual Learning Company 1-800-453-8481 25 Union Street www.visuallearningco.com Brandon, Vermont Editors: Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome Assistant Editors: Louise Marrier Adina Neumann Marta Manrique-Gomez Graphics: Dean Ladago Fred Thodal Guía para profesores Protistas

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Page 1: Protistas - Infobase · 2016-04-12 · 7 Protistas 1-800-453-8481Visual Learning Company Student Learning Objectives Upon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities,

Visual Learning Company 1-800-453-848125 Union Streetwww.visuallearningco.com Brandon, Vermont

Editors:Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.Stephanie Zak Jerome

Assistant Editors:Louise Marrier

Adina NeumannMarta Manrique-Gomez

Graphics:Dean Ladago

Fred Thodal

Guía para profesoresProtistas

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Protistas

Visual Learning Company 1-800-453-8481 www.visuallearningco.com

Use and CopyrightThe purchase of this video program entitles the user the right to reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the blackline master handouts for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, The Biosphere. The right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any reproduction or duplication, in whole or in part, of this guide and student masters for any purpose other than for use with this video program is prohibited.

The video and this teacher’s guide are the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting or reproducing in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the copyright holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501 and 506).

Copyright © 2001

ISBN: 978-159234-618-9

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Visual Learning Company1-800-453-8481www.visuallearningco.com Visual Learning Company1-800-453-8481www.visuallearningco.com

Table of ContentsPage

A Message From Our Company

National Standards Correlations

Student Learning Objectives

Assessment

Introducing the Video

Video Viewing Suggestions

Video Script

Student Assessments and Activities

Answers to Student Assessments

Answers to Student Activities

Assessment and Student Activity Masters

5

6

7

8

9

9

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15

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Viewing ClearancesThe video and accompanying teacher’s guide are for instructional use only. In showing these programs, no admission charges are to be incurred. The programs are to be utilized in face-to-face classroom instructional settings, library settings, or similar instructional settings.

Duplication rights are available, but must be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company.

Television, cable or satellite rights are also available, but must be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company.

Closed circuit rights are available, and are defined as the use of the program beyond a single classroom but within a single campus. Institutions wishing to utilize the program in multiple campuses must purchase the multiple campus version of the program, available at a slightly higher fee.

Discounts may be granted to institutions interested in purchasing programs in large quantities. These discounts may be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company.

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Visual Learning Company1-800-453-8481www.visuallearningco.com

A Message from our Company. . .Dear Educator:

Thank you for your interest in the educational videos produced by the Visual Learning Company. We are a Vermont-based, family owned and operated business specializing in the production of quality educational science videos and materials.

We have a long family tradition of education. Our grandmothers graduated from normal school in the 1920’s to become teachers. Brian’s mother was an elementary teacher and guidance counselor, and his father was a high school teacher and superintendent. This family tradition inspired Brian to become a science teacher, and to earn a Ph.D. in education, and led Stephanie to work on science educational programs at NASA.

In developing this video, accompanying teacher’s guide, and student activities, our goal is to provide educators with the highest quality materials, thus enabling students to be successful. In this era of more demanding standards and assessment requirements, supplementary materials need to be curricular and standards based - this is what we do!

Our videos and accompanying materials focus on the key concepts and vocabulary required by national and state standards and goals. It is our mission to help students meet these goals and standards, while experiencing the joy and thrill of science.

Sincerely,

Brian and Stephanie Jerome

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National Standards CorrelationsNational Science Education Standards (Content Standards: 5-8, National Academy of Sciences, c. 1996)

Benchmarks for Science Literacy (Project 2061 – AAAS)

The Living Environment - Cells (5c) By the end of the 8th grade, students should know that: • All living things are composed of cells, from just one to many millions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. • Cells continually divide to make more cells for growth and repair. • Within cells, many of the basic functions of organisms-such as extracting energy from food and getting rid of waste-are carried out.

Science as Inquiry - Content Standard A: As a result of activities in grades 5-8 students should develop: • Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understandings about scientific inquiry

Life Science - Content Standard C: As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should understand that: • All organisms are composed of cells-the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular. • Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs.

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Student Learning ObjectivesUpon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities, students will be able to do the following:

• Understand that protists belong to the Kingdom Protista and come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors.

• Define protists as single-celled or multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus.

• Differentiate between plant-like protists, animal-like protists, and fungus-like protists.

• Identify and describe the major features of euglenas, diatoms, and dinoflagellates.

• Provide examples of how algae are utilized in everyday life.

• Describe the major characteristics of ciliates, zooflagellates, and sporozoans.

• Explain the major characteristics of fungus-like protists.

• Differentiate between and describe the characteristics of green,red, and brown algae.

• Describe harmful diseases that are caused by protists , such as giardia and malaria.

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Assessment

Preliminary Assessment:The Preliminary Assessment, provided in the Student Masters section, is an assessment tool designed to gain an understanding of students’ pre-existing knowledge. It can also be used as a benchmark upon which to assess student progress based on the objectives stated on the previous pages.

Video Review:The Video Review, provided in the Student Masters section, can be used as an assessment tool or as a student activity. There are two main parts. The first part contains questions that can be answered during the video. The second series of ten questions consists of a video quiz to be answered at the conclusion of the video.

Post Assessment:The Post Assessment, provided in the Student Masters section, can be utilized as an assessment tool following completion of the video and student activities. The results of the Post Assessment can be compared against the results of the Preliminary Assessment to evaluate student progress.

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Introducing the Video

Video Viewing SuggestionsThe student Master “Video Review” is provided for distribution to students. You may choose to have your students complete this Master while viewing the program or to do so upon its conclusion.

The program is approximately twenty minutes in length and includes a ten question video quiz. Answers are not provided to the Video Quiz on the video, but are included in this teacher’s guide. You may choose to grade student quizzes as an assessment tool or to review the answers in class.

The video is content-rich with numerous vocabulary words. For this reason you may want to periodically stop the video to review and discuss new terminology and concepts.

Before showing the video, ask students “what is a protist?” Write theirthoughts on the board. As a class, have students brainstorm ideas aboutsome of the protists that affect their everyday lives. Leave their answers onthe board while viewing the video. After watching the program andcompleting the video quiz, add new examples of protists to the list, as wellas refining the list of protist characteristics. Review your examples anddecide whether the protists are beneficial or harmful to humans. As ahomework assignment or in small groups, have students create a chartoutlining the major groups of ciliates and their characteristics.

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Protistas

Video Script: Protistas1. The ocean is home to all kinds of living things, including...2. …this seaweed found along the shore,...3. …this giant kelp living in deep water,...4. …this starfish living in rocky tidal pools,...5. …and these sea anemones with their numerous tentacles,...6. …as well as hundreds of species of fish,...7. …and larger animals, such as sharks…8. …and seals.9. While all these living things are easily seen, . . .10. ...the oceans contain thousands of other organisms that are invisible to the naked eye.11. The kingdom Protista contains a group of organisms called protists.12. What are protists?13. What do they look like and how do they go about living?14. During the next few minutes we are going to explore many of the fascinating characteristics of protists...15. …and take a look at how they affect our lives.16. Graphic Transition - Protists17. You Decide!18. What similarities do you see between these protists?19. If you said that they are small, then you are right.20. Although they are all small, protists come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and colors.21. So what makes a protist a protist?22. Protists are single-celled or multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and are therefore known as eukaryotic cells.23. Protists tend to live in wet environments such as the ocean,...24. …lakes,...25. …or wetlands.26. While many protists, such as this paramecium, live a solitary existence,...27. …others, such as Volvox, live in groups or colonies.28. Some protists, like this euglena, have the ability to create their own food via the process of photosynthesis,...29. …while other protists, such as this amoeba, eat other organisms for sustenance.30. Still other protists, such as this slime mold, survive by decomposing once living organisms.31. Protists, therefore, can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like.32. Let’s first take a look at the plant-like protists.33. Graphic Transition - Plant-like Protists

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Script (cont.)34. You Decide!35. What organisms produce the color patterns seen here in this image of the Earth’s oceans?36. Phytoplankton, microscopic plants floating on top of the ocean, produce the computer enhanced color patterns.37. Phytoplankton consist of a wide variety of plant-like organisms that serve as the base of the food chain in oceans and lakes.38. Most life, directly or indirectly, depends on these plant-like protists. In fact, phytoplankton contribute over half of the world’s oxygen supply.39. When you swim in an ocean or lake, you are swimming in millions of phytoplankton!40. Plant-like protists, also known as algae, have the ability to create food from sunlight. Some algae, such as this cell, are unicellular,...41. …while others, such as this kelp, are multicellular.42. There are six main groups of algae. Let’s now take a look at them.43. Graphic Transition - Euglenas, Diatoms and Dinoflagellates44. This amazing little creature, called a euglena, is part plant and part animal.45. It contains green chloroplasts that enable it to carry out photosynthesis.46. When light is not present, however, it also has the ability to eat other organisms for use as food and energy.47. A whip-like structure called a flagellum enables this euglena to move through water.48. Believe it or not, when you use toothpaste to brush your teeth you are using protists called diatoms.49. Diatoms are photosynthetic, one-celled algae.50. They take on a wide variety of shapes and sizes.51. The shells of diatoms contain glassy silica, giving toothpaste its slightly gritty texture.52. Diatoms have long existed in large numbers in the oceans. Over thousands of years, dead diatoms have accumulated on the ocean floor forming large deposits that we mine today.53. Today, diatoms are used to make such things as reflective road paint...54. …and polishing creams, such as car wax.55. Perhaps you have had the opportunity to eat clams or mussels - animals that live inside shells.56. Among other things, these animals feed on microscopic plant-like organisms called dinoflagellates, which they filter from the water.57. Often called fire algae, some types of dinoflagellates contain a red pigment.58. Occasionally, certain kinds of dinoflagellates, carrying poisonous toxins, reproduce so quickly that they become a threat to other organisms like fish and shellfish.59. When eaten by humans, severe illness may result.

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Protistas

Script (cont.)60. This overabundance of poisonous dinoflagellates is referred to as “red tide poisoning.”61. Most dinoflagellates possess a cell wall that looks like plates of armor.62. They also have hair-like flagella that propel them through water.63. Graphic Transition - Green, Red and Brown Algae64. You Decide!65. What gives this sea water its greenish color?66. That’s right - thousands of microscopic green algae.67. There are over 7,000 species of green algae worldwide, found mostly in oceans, lakes and rivers.68. Some algae, however, can live on the moist bark of trees...69. …and even in the fur of animals, such as this sloth, found in the rainforest.70. While many kinds of algae are single-celled, other green algae,...71. …such as volvox, live in groups or colonies that may include several thousand cells.72. Still others, like this spirogyra, form long chains.73. Do you enjoy eating ice cream or pudding? If so, then you are eating a substance which contains a compound derived from another type of algae - red algae.74. This red algae, called Irish moss, is found along ocean shores. It produces a compound called carrageenan, which is used as a thickener in many foods such as ice cream.75. Red algae is so named because it contains a pigment that gives it a reddish color.76. You Decide!77. What kind of algae is this kelp?78. If you said brown algae, then you are right!79. Kelp, a large brown algae, can form tall “kelp forests.” Often found along the California coast, kelp forests provide habitat for a wide variety of ocean animals.80. Brown algae produce a compound called algin, often used to give marshmallows their thick texture.81. Graphic Transition - Animal-like Protists82. This type of protist, called a protozoan, exhibits many animal-like characteristics.83. Protozoa have a nucleus, but do not have a cell wall.84. They are heterotrophs, meaning that they need to eat other organisms for energy and survival.85. There are four main groups of protozoa. Let’s first take a look at the group called sarcodines.86. This strange looking creature is a type of sarcodine called an amoeba.87. Amoebas have no definite shape. They have the ability to extend their cell membranes and cytoplasm into foot-like extensions called pseudopods.88. Amoebas use pseudopods to move and engulf food.89. One problem that many sarcodines encounter is the continual seeping of water into their cells

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Script (cont.)90. This is where a structure called a contractile vacuole helps. It collects excess water and then squirts it back outside the cell.91. Graphic Transition - Ciliates and Zooflagellates92. You Decide!93. What small structures cover this ciliate?94. If you said tiny hairs, or cilia, then you are right.95. A group of protists called ciliates possess small hairs called cilia.96. The cilia act like oars on a boat, propelling the ciliate through water.97. This paramecium uses cilia to move and to sweep food into its mouth, called the oral groove.98. Another group of animal-like protists are the zooflagellates. Zooflagellates move by means of a whip-like flagellum.99. One zooflagellate with which you may be familiar is this organism, know as giardia.100. Giardia causes intestinal problems by attaching to the walls of the small intestines.101. People often swallow the giardia zooflagellate when drinking lake or stream water.102. While the water may look and taste clean, it could possess harmful giardia.103. Therefore, it is a good idea to bring your own water with you while hiking or camping, no matter how clean the water may look.104. Graphic Transition - Sporozoans105. Sporozoans are parasites that feed on the bodies of host animals, causing harm to the host.106. You have probably heard of a disease called malaria. Believe it or not, over 200 million people worldwide are still affected by this protist.107. Malaria is caused by a sporozoan called plasmodium.108. Sporozoans are protists that, at one point in their lives, form cells called spores.109. In the case of malaria, the plasmodium spores inhabit mosquitoes, which transmit the disease by biting people.110. The spores infect the liver and blood cells, resulting in a high fever and chills. If medical attention is not received immediately, death can result.111. Graphic Transition - Fungus-like Protists112. Ireland’s Great Potato Famine of 1845 and 1846 caused the deaths of 1/3 of Ireland’s people, and forced hundreds of thousands more to leave the island.113. You Decide!114. What damaged the potato crop?115. A type of fungus-like protist, referred to as water mold, is the parasite responsible for destroying most of the Irish potato crop.116. Slime molds are another type of fungus-like protists that you might have seen growing on dead logs or plants in the forest.117. Slime molds commonly appear in beautiful, bright colors, as seen here.

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Script (cont.)

Video Quiz Fill in the correct word when you hear this tone. Good luck and let’s get started. 1. Protist cells contain a _______. 2. Protists tend to live in ___ environments. 3. _____________ are plant-like protists living on the ocean surface. 4. _______ are one-celled algae containing silica. 5. Some dinoflagellates cause harmful ______ _____. 6. Green, red and brown _____ are common in lakes and oceans. 7. _________ exhibit animal-like characteristics. 8. This common sarcodine is an ______. 9. Ciliates possess small _____. 10. Malaria is caused by a ________.

118. Slime molds reproduce by creating a fruity body that contains spores. Each spore has the capability to develop into a new organism.119. Graphic Transition - Summing Up120. During the past few minutes we’ve explored many different characteristics of protists.121. We studied what makes a protist a protist…122. ...and what kinds of environments protists live in.123. We looked at the structures of different protists.124. We also learned that there are different kinds of protists,…125. ...including plant-like,…126. ...animal-like,…127. ...and fungus-like protists.128. We discovered that protists can be harmful,...129. … like the ones that cause red tide,…130. …but they can also be helpful in things such as reflective paint and car wax.131. So the next time you go swimming,…132. …brush your teeth,…133. …or think about drinking from a stream,….134. …remember the many ways protists affect our lives.135. You just might look at life a little differently.

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• Amoeba and Paramecium

• Pond Water

• A Deadly Disease

• Vocabulary of Protists

Student Assessments and ActivitiesAssessment Masters:

• Preliminary Test

• Video Review

• Post Test

Student Activity Masters:

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Respuestas para la evaluación de los estudiantesEvaluación preliminar (págs. 19-20)

1. núcleo 2. húmedos o mojados 3. fitoplancton 4. diatomeas 5. marea roja 6. algas 7. protozoos 8. ameba 9. cilios, o pelos10. esporozoo

Resumen del video (pág. 21)

Evaluación posterior (págs. 23-24)

Evaluación del video (pág. 22)

1. eucariotas 2. fitoplancton 3. cloroplastos 4. sílice 5. dinoflagelados 6. pigmentos 7. protozoos 8. cilios 9. esporozoo10. hongo11. falso12. verdadero13. falso14. falso15. verdadero16. verdadero17. falso18. verdadero19. verdadero20. falso

1. verdadero 2. falso 3. falso 4. falso 5. verdadero 6. verdadero 7. verdadero 8. verdadero 9. falso10. falso11. dinoflagelados12. fitoplancton13. sílice14. esporozoo15. cloroplastos16. pigmentos17. cilios18. eucariotas19. hongo20. protozoos

Tú Decides: A. Todos son pequeños. B. fitoplancton C. miles de algas verdes microscópicas D. marrones algas E. pequeños pelos o cilios F. Un protista hongo, llamado moho del agua, destruyó la mayor parte de la cosecha de papas en Irlanda.

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Vocabulario de “protistas” (pág. 30)

Ameba y paramecio (págs. 24 - 25)

Protistas de agua de estanque (págs. 26-27)

Una enfermedad mortal (págs. 28 - 29)

Ameba: 1. núcleo 2. la membrana celular 3. seudópodo 4. vacuola alimentaria 5. citoplasmaParamecio: 1. cilios 2. vacuola alimentaria 3. surco oral 4. macronúcleo 5. micronúcleos 6. vacuola contráctil

Parte I: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. DParte II: 1. F 2. F 3. V 4. F 5. VParte III: Las respuestas pueden variar.

1. c - euglena 2. a - ameba 3. i - ciliados 4. f - sporozoans 5. j - diatomeas 6. b - el fitoplancton 7. e - giardia 8. g - los mohos del cieno 9. d - carragenina10. h - protista

Respuestas para la evaluación de los estudiantes

1. Los microorganismos que producen sus propios los alimentos tienden a ser de color verdoso debido a que contienen cloroplastos. Los consumidores pueden poseer las estructuras especiales necesarias para la captura y engullir a sus presas.2. Los paramecíos u otro ciliados son probablemente los organismos más rápidos gracias a sus cilios.3. Los productores en el ecosistema del estanque producirsu propio alimento estanque producen su propio alimento mediante la foto síntesis y luego actúan como fuente de alimento para los microoganismos (consumidora) que se los comen.

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Assessment and Student

Activity Masters

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19©2001

NombreProtistas

Instrucciones: Llena el espacio en blanco con la palabra correcta. Una lista de respuestas posibles se proporciona en la parte inferior de la página.

Evaluación preliminar

1. Las protistas contienen un núcleo, por lo que se llaman células _____________.

2. _______________ son organismos microscópicos similares a las plantas que flotan en lagos y océanos.

3. Las estructuras llamadas _____________ permiten a plantas semejantes a las protistas producir alimentos utilizando la luz del sol.

4. Las conchas de las diatomeas contienen _____________.

5. La intoxicación por marea roja es causada por algunos tipos de ________________.

6. Los diferentes colores en las algas son causados por _____________.

7. _____________ presentan características como los animales.

8. Las paramecias están cubiertas de pelos minúsculos llamados _____________.

9. La malaria es causada por un tipo de protista llamada _____________.

10. Los hongos gelatinosos tienen muchas características similares a _____________.

pigmentos sílice fitoplancton dinoflageladosprotozoos cilioscloroplastos hongoeucariotas esporozooeuglena animal

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20©2001

NombreProtistas

Instrucciones: Decide si los enunciados son Verdaderos (V) o Falsos (F)

Evaluación preliminar11. Las protistas no tienen un núcleo. 12. Las protistas tienden a vivir en ambientes húmedos. 13. Protistas vienen en una forma principal. 14. La marea roja es causada por las algas verdes. 15. Las amebas no tienen una forma definida. 16. Los heterótrofos necesitan comer otros organismos para obtener energía. 17. Un paramecio es un ejemplo de un sarcodine. 18. Las amebas usan los seudópodos a circular y obtener alimentos. 19. La giardia, un microorganismo que se encuentra en un algunas aguas, las causa graves problemas intestinale cuando se ingiere.

20. La malaria se transmite por las avispas.

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

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NombreProtistas

Resumen del videoInstrucciones: Durante el transcurso del video, contesta a las preguntas tal y como se presentan en el mismo. Al finalzar, contesta a las pregunatas de la sección de evaluación del video.

¡Tú Decides!A. ¿Qué similitudes han visto entre estos protistas?

B. ¿Cuáles organismos producen los patrones de color que se ven en sta imagen de los océanos de la tierra?

C. ¿Qué es los que le da al mar ese color verdoso? D. ¿Qué clase de alga es este kelp?

E. ¿Qué arruinó la cosecha de patatas?

Evaluación del video

1. Los protistas contienen un ____________________.

2. Los protistas tienden a vivir en ambientes ___________________.

3. ________________ son protistas vegetales que viven en la superficie de océano.

4. ___________________ son algas unicelulares que contienen sílice.

5. Algunos dinoflagelados causan ___________________dañinas.

6. Las ___________________ verdes rojas, y pardas son comunes en lagos y océanos.

7. ___________________ tienen características animales.

8. Este sarcodino común es un ___________________.

9. Los ciliados tienen pequeños ___________________.

10. La malaria es causada por un ___________________.

Respuesta: _______________

Respuesta: _______________

Respuesta: _______________

Respuesta: _______________

Respuesta: _______________

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NombreProtistas

Evaluación posteriorInstrucciones: Llena el espacio en blanco con la palabra correcta. Una lista de respuestas posibles se proporciona en la parte inferior de la página.

11. La intoxicación por marea roja es causada por algunos tipos de ________________.

12. _______________ son organismos microscópicos similares a las plantas que flotan en lagos y océanos.

13. Las conchas de las diatomeas contienen _____________.

14. La malaria es causada por un tipo de protista llamada_____________.

15. Las estructuras llamadas _____________ permiten a plantas semejantes a las protistas producir alimentos utilizando la luz del sol.

16. Los diferentes colores en las algas son causados por _____________.

17. Las paramecias están cubiertas de pelos minúsculos llamados _____________.

18. las protistas contienen un núcleo, por lo que se llaman células _____________.

19. Los hongos gelatinosos tienen muchas características similares a _____________.

20. _____________ presentan características como los animales.

pigmentos fitoplanctonprotozoos cloroplastoseucariotas sílicedinoflagelados cilioshongo esporozooanimal euglena

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Evaluación posteriorInstrucciones: Decide si los enunciados son Verdaderos (V) o Falsos (F)

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

1. Las amebas usan los seudópodos a circular y obtener alimentos.

2. La malaria se transmite por las avispas.

3. Las protistas no tienen un núcleo.

4. Protistas vienen en una forma principal.

5. Los heterótrofos necesitan comer otros organismos para obtener energía.

6. La giardia, un microorganismo que se encuentra en algunas aguas, las causa graves problemas intestinale cuando se ingiere.

7. Las amebas no tienen una forma definida.

8. Las protistas tienden a vivir en ambientes húmedos.

9. La marea roja es causada por las algas verdes.

10. Un paramecio es un ejemplo de un sarcodine.

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Ameba y paramecioAntecedentes: Las amebas y el paramecio se clasifican en el grupo de protozoos. Estos protozoos no pueden producir sus propios alimentos. Son heterótrofos y necesitan comer a otros seres vivos. Una diferencia entre el paramecio y las amebas es la forma de su cuerpo. Las amebas no tienen forma de cuerpo definido, mientras que la forma del cuerpo del paramecio está bien definida. La ameba tiene “pies falsos” llamadis seudópodos llamada que le permite moverse y cambiar de forma constantemente. Los paramecium están cubiertos de pequeños pelos llamados cilios con los cuales se impulsa en el agua.

Objetivo: En esta práctica, los alumnos etiquetán de las partes de dos protistas: una ameba y un paramecio.

Instrucciones: Identificar las estructuras de la ameba con las descripciones proporcionadas a continuación.

1. fuente de alimento 2.

3.

4.

5.

Citoplasma: mezcla de fluido líquido que contienen orgánulos comoVacuola Alimentana: envuelve los alrededores y digiere la comidaSeudópodo: la extensión del cuerpo que impulsan la protistaMembrana Celular: decide lo que entra y sale de la protistaNúcleo: centro de control de la celda que contiene el material hereditario

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Ameba y paramecioInstrucciones: Identificar las estructuras del paramecio con las descripciones proporcionadas a continuación.

Macronúcleo: el mayor de los dos núcleos del paramecio

Surco oral: partículas de comida arrastradas dentro de la ranura por los cilios; una vacuola alimentaria espera al final de la ranura donde envuelve el alimento y lo lleva al paramecioCilia: los hilos que impulsan el paramecio a través del agua Vacuola contráctil: célula que libera el exceso de agua y algunos desechosMicronúcleo: controla la síntesis de proteínas, la respiración y reproducción. Es el más pequeño de los dos núcleos.

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

6.

La Vacuola Alimenticia: digiere la comida que entra en el paramecio

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Agua de estanqueObjetivo: En esta práctica vas a investigar los diferentes microorganismos encontrados en agua del estanque y diferenciar entre los movimientos de los diferentes tipos de protistas. También determinarás el papel que juegan los microorganismos en un ecosistema de agua dulce.

Materiales: microscopiomuestra de agua de estanquecubreobjetosdiapositivasgotero médico o pipetalibros de texto de biología y enciclopedia

Procedimiento: Recibirás una muestra de agua del estanque de tu maestro. Otras muestras pueden ser utilizadas para realizar esta práctica, tales como muestras de un acuario, un lago o un pantano.

1. Prepara tres diapositivas de una muestra de agua del estanque.2. Observa tus diapositivas con baja y alta potencia.3. En el reverso de esta página o en una hoja de papel aparte, haz una tabla de la microorganismos que observaste. Haz tres columnas con los títulos de los etiqueta: Microorganismo, Movimiento y Clasificación.4. Usa los diagramas en la página siguiente y cualquier otra fuente externa para identificar las protistas diferentes en tus diapositivas. Grábalos en la columna microorganismos. También puedes observar diversos invertebrados, como Cyclops y Daphnia.5. Observa el movimiento de los microorganismos. Anota tus observaciones en la columna denominada Movimiento.6. Clasifica las protistas en tu gráfico por la forma en que se mueven. Sarcodines se mueven a través de seudópodos (falsos pies); ciliados se mueven usando sus diminutas estructuras semejantes a pelos llamadas cilios; flagelados se mueven mediante una cola como un látigo llamada flagelo, y sporozoans no tienen ningún método físico de movimiento. Regístraran en la columna de clasificación.

Conclusiones:1. Trate de determinar qué microorganismos son los productores y cuáles los consumidores.2. De los microorganismos que observaste, ¿cál se movió más rápido? ¿Cuál puede ser la razón para el movimiento rápido de este microorganismo?3. Describe los microorganismos que desempeñan papeles en la comunidad del estanque. Utiliza los términos productor y consumidor en tu respuesta.

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Agua de estanque

euglena paramecioameba

volvoxvorticella

stentorspirogyra

daphnia

cíclope

limo molde

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Una enfermedad mortalInstrucciones: Lee el pasaje y contesta las preguntas que siguen.

La malaria es una enfermedad devastadora que afecta comúnmente a personas en las regiones tropicales del mundo, y con menos frecuencia otras partes del mundo. La malaria es la causa número uno de la muerte en niños menores de cinco años en todo el mundo. A diferencia de muchas enfermedades relacionadas con insectos, la malaria no es causada por un virus, sino por un protista parásito llamado Plasmodium.El plasmodium se transmite por la picadura de la hembra del mosquito, Anopheles. Hay cuatro formas de plasmodium que causa la malaria. La forma más mortífera es el Plasmodium falciparum. ¿Cómo infecta este parásito a una persona? La siguiente ilustración muestra cómo una persona puede contraer de la malaria

1.) Una hembra del mosquito Anopheles pica a una persona previamente infectadas con malaria e ingiere las gametos del plamodium en su sagre.

2.) Las gametos de plasmodium sereproducen en el tracto digestivo del mosquito y en 10-14 días liberan las esporas.

3.) Estas esporas viajan a la las glándulas salivales del mosquito.

4.) El mosquito pica a otra víctima humana y las infecta con las esporas del plasmodio.

5.) Las esporas invaden las células en la persona del hígado y se transforman en merozoitos.

6.) Los merozoitos emigran a las glóbulos rojos sanguíneos de la persona donde se reproducen.

7.) La merozoitos salen de los glóbulos rojos, causando que las células estén a punto de estallar. Entonces, los síntomas de la malaria se producen. Estos síntomas incluyen fiebre alta, escalofríos, náuseas y vómitos, dolores de cabeza, diarrea y la anemia.

8.) Algunos merozoitos permanecen en la sangre como gametocitos, listos para pasar a un mosquito e iniciar el ciclo de nuevo.

La malaria sigue siendo una de las epidemias más graves que enfrentamos hoy. No se ha descubierto,una cura ni hay una vacuna disponible. Los esfuerzos para controlar la propagación de la malaria han fracasado en gran medida. Un medicamento llamado cloroquina que se utiliza para tratar la malaria ya no es totalmente eficaz porque el Plasmodium ha desarrollado una resistencia a la droga. Los insecticidas como el DDT, un producto químico que fue prohibido en los Estados Unidos debido a su efectos perjudiciales en la red de alimentos, se utilizan para matar el mosquito Anopheles. Pero los mosquitos han desarrollado inmunidades a los insecticidas. Continúan los esfuerzos para desarrollar medicinas más eficaces y una vacuna. Puede haber esperanza para una cura. Una medicina llamada Malarone se ha desarrollado recientemente y ha demostrado ser eficaz en el tratamiento de la malaria. Esperemos que este medicamento siga siendo eficaz y salve millones de vidas.

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Una enfermedad mortalInstrucciones: Parte I: Haz un círcula en la respuesta correcta de las preguntas de op-ción múltiple. Parte II: Decide si el enunciado es Verdadera (V) o Falso (F).

Parte I:

Parte II:V F

V F

V F

V F

V F

1. Los síntomas de la malaria se producen en un ser humano durante el qué etapa: A. Después de que las esporas Plasmodium invaden el hígado de un humano B. Después de que los merozoitos hagan casí estallar los glóbulos rojos del ser humano. C. Durante la reproducción de los merozoitos D. Cuando los plasmodium gametos entran en las células rojas de la sangre de un ser humano

2. Un nuevo medicamento que se ha desarrollado recientemente y puede ser eficaz en el tratamiento la malaria se llama: A. cloroquina B. sporozoa C. malarone D. DDT

3. El paludismo es difícil de tratar debido a que: A. Plaguicidas no se están utilizando para controlar la población de mosquitos B. Plasmodium ha desarrollado una resistencia al fármaco cloroquina C. Plasmodium ha desarrollado una resistencia a la medicina Malarone D. Las medicinas no se utilizan para tratar la malaria

4. Plasmodium son los siguientes: A. viruses mortales B. mosquitos hembras C. insecticidas D. parásitos

1. La malaria es causada por un virus llamado Plasmodium.

2. El mosquito macho transmite Plasmodium en una persona.

3. El pesticida DDT fue prohibido en los Estados Unidos.

4. La forma más mortal de Plasmodium que causa la malaria se llama Plasmodium anófeles.

5. La cloroquina está perdiendo su eficacia en el tratamiento de la malaria.

Investiga los diferentes esfuerzos que se están realizando para tratar la malaria y el control de su propagación. Encuentra por lo menos dos esfuerzos diferentes, tales como nuevos tratamientos para la malaria o métodos para controlar el mosquito. Escribe un informe de una página de con los resultados.

Parte III:

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Vocabulario de “las célular protistas”Instrucciones: Las letras de la primera columna se encuentran en desorden. Ordénalas para formar la palabra correcta. Una vez realizado esto, relaciona las palabras con su respectiva definición que se encuentra en la siguiente columna.

___ 1. ganeule_______________

___ 2. al bamea _____ _____________

___ 3. olidasic____________

___ 4. roooanzpss_________________

___ 5. als tadioasem ______

_______________

___ 6. le pnocnafiltto_______ ______________

___ 7. aaigird___________________

___ 8. oxoytcammy_________________

___ 9. narcgainera_______________

___ 10. tsiotapr_________________

a. un tipo de protista sin forma definida

b. organismos como las plantas que flotan en o cerca de la superficie de lagos y océanos

c. un microorganismo que es parte de la planta y parte de los animales

d. un compuesto que se encontrado en algunas algas que se utilizado como espesante en los alimentos e. un zooflagellate encuentran en el agua fresca que puede ser perjudicial para los seres humanos

f. parásitos que se alimentan de los cuerpos de los animales de acogida.

g. protistas coloridas similares a los hongos

h. organismos unicelulares o multicelulares que contienen un núcleo

i. un grupo de protistas está rodeado de pequeñas proyecciones similares a pelos

j. un tipo de algas que poseen una concha que contiene sílice

1. c - euglena 2. a - la ameba 3. i - ciliados 4. f - sporozoans 5. j - las diatomeas 6. b - el fitoplancton 7. e - giardia 8. g - Myxomycota 9. d - carragenina10. h - protista