Progressive Era and World War I Power Points

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    Progressive Era Lesson 1

    Goals of Progressivism

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    Turn of the Century: 1900

    New Technologies

    y Printing, airplanes, photography

    Public Education

    y Difference for whites, blacks and immigrants

    Higher Education

    y Change in educational needs

    y More African Americans attending

    Segregation and Discrimination

    y Jim Crow Laws, Plessy V Ferguson, Lynching Mass Culture

    y Leisure, newspapers, fine arts, popular fiction

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    Reasons for Reform

    Effects of Business Practices

    Working Conditions

    Life for Urban Poor Government Corruption

    Minority Rights

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    Goals of Progressivism

    Protecting Social Welfare

    Promoting Moral Improvement

    Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency

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    Promoting Moral Improvement

    Idea that morality, not workplace is key

    to improving lives

    Prohibition Womans Christian Temperance Union

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    Creating Economic Reform

    Capitalist vs Socialist Economy

    yAmerican Socialist Party in 1901

    Impact of Muckrakers

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    Fostering Efficiency

    Scientific principles to make society

    more efficient

    y Brandeis Brief

    Taylorism

    Introduction of assembly line

    Henry Ford

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    Progressive Era Lesson 2Progressive Era Lesson 2

    y Presidents of the Era: Roosevelt, Taft,

    Wilson

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    Presidents of the ProgressivePresidents of the Progressive

    EraEra

    Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow WIlson

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    President Roosevelt: 1901President Roosevelt: 1901--19091909

    y Pushed for war against Spain in 1898

    y Became President after McKinley

    assassinated

    y Bully Pulpit

    y Square Deal

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    President Roosevelt: 1901President Roosevelt: 1901--19091909

    Trustbuster

    Sue Northern Securities Company

    Company dissolved in 1904

    1902 Coal Strike 10 percent pay increase

    Give up demand for closed shop

    Cant strike for 3 years

    Railroad Regulation Elkins Act of 1903

    Hepburn Act of 1906

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    President Roosevelt: 1901President Roosevelt: 1901--19091909

    Meat Inspection Act Cleanliness requirements

    Federal meat inspection

    Did not require label information

    Pure Food and Drug Act Truth in labeling

    Prevented sale of contaminated foods andmedicines

    Conservation 148 million acres of forest reserve

    National Reclamation Act of 1902 (NewlandsAct)

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    President Taft: 1909President Taft: 1909--19131913

    y Roosevelts Secretary of War

    y Easily defeated William Jennings Bryan

    y Payne-Aldrich Tariff

    Moderated high rates on imported

    manufactured goods

    y Issues within Republican Party

    Bull-Moose Party is formed

    Leads to Democratic Victory in 1912

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    President Wilson: 1913President Wilson: 1913--19211921

    y Election of 1912

    y Grew up in south during Civil War

    y New Freedom

    Support small business

    Free-market competition

    Business monopolies are evil

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    President Wilson: 1913President Wilson: 1913--19211921

    Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 Prevents corporation from acquiring stock of another

    company if potential of a monopoly exists

    Rights given to labor unions and farm organizations

    Federal Trade Commission Investigate possible violations End unfair business practices

    16th Amendment Graduated federal income tax

    Federal Reserve System Prevents corporation from acquiring stock of another

    company if potential of a monopoly exists

    Rights given to labor unions and farm organizations

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    Progressive Era Lesson 3

    Role of Women in Reform

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    Womens Suffrage

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    Working Women

    From stay at home to working for wages

    Role of women On Farm

    In Industry

    x Garments, offices, stores and classrooms

    Around the House

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    Pushing for Reform Higher Education

    Vassar College in 1875

    Workplace reform, housing reform, educationalimprovement and food and drug laws

    National Association of Colored Women

    Managed nurseries, reading rooms, kindergartens

    Susan B. Anthony Proponent of suffrage

    Founded National Women Suffrage Association whichbecame National American Woman Suffrage Assoc.

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    Approach to Suffrage

    Convince state legislature to grant women right

    to vote

    Pursued court cases to test 14thAmendment

    Pushed for national constitutional amendment

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    yy The Beginning of the War and the End ofThe Beginning of the War and the End of

    NeutralityNeutrality

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    World War I: 1914World War I: 1914 -- 19181918

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    yy Nationalism: pride in interests and culture ofNationalism: pride in interests and culture of

    your countryyour country

    yy Imperialism: Empire building and extendingImperialism: Empire building and extending

    control over coloniescontrol over colonies

    yy MiltarismMiltarism: development of armed forces and: development of armed forces and

    using them as tool of diplomacyusing them as tool of diplomacy

    yyAlliance System: AlliesAlliance System: Allies vsvs Central PowersCentral Powers

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    yy June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz FerdinandJune 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinandassassinated in Sarajevo byassassinated in Sarajevo by GavriloGavrilo PrincipPrincip

    yyAustriaAustria--Hungary issued ultimatum to SerbiaHungary issued ultimatum to Serbia

    to bringto bring PrincipPrincip to justiceto justice

    yy Unhappy with Serbias response, AustriaUnhappy with Serbias response, Austria--Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914

    yy Domino EffectDomino Effectyy Russia, Germany, France and Great BritainRussia, Germany, France and Great Britain

    into the war by August 4into the war by August 4

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    yy Hold off Russia in East while Russia isHold off Russia in East while Russia is

    mobilizing its armymobilizing its army

    yy Concentrate on France in West and aim toConcentrate on France in West and aim to

    completely crush themcompletely crush them

    yyAttack through BelgiumAttack through Belgium

    yy Plan failed because it was too difficult toPlan failed because it was too difficult tocommunicate between front line and Berlincommunicate between front line and Berlin

    yy First Battle of Marne on Sept. 6, 1914First Battle of Marne on Sept. 6, 1914

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    yy Neutrality and Isolation; declared by WilsonNeutrality and Isolation; declared by Wilson

    on August 4on August 4thth, 1914, 1914

    yy Wilson felt that no American interests wereWilson felt that no American interests were

    threatened as long as trade was allowedthreatened as long as trade was allowed

    yy Citizens of America torn between support forCitizens of America torn between support for

    both sides of the war, majority in support ofboth sides of the war, majority in support of

    AlliesAllies

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    yy British Blockade of German coastBritish Blockade of German coast

    yy German UGerman U--Boat attacksBoat attacks

    yy Lusitania sunk on May 7, 1915Lusitania sunk on May 7, 1915

    yy 128 Americans killed128 Americans killed

    yy Arabic and SussexArabic and Sussex

    yy U.S. wanted to reassure Allies repaid debts toU.S. wanted to reassure Allies repaid debts toavoid economic collapseavoid economic collapse

    yy Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

    yy British propagandaBritish propaganda

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    Role of America and Impact of the War at

    Home

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    SelectiveService Act:required men to registerfor military service with

    the government Army increased from

    200,000 to 3 million men 8 month training period

    Army Corps of Nursesand women serve inother noncombatpositions

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    New Weapons

    Machine gun

    Tank Airplane

    Poison gas

    New Hazards ShellShock

    Disease

    Trench Foot

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    ConvoySystem Boost in morale Helped stop German

    advance on Paris Individual Heroes

    General John J. Pershing

    Eddie Rickenbacker Alvin York

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    Government Control

    War Industries Board

    Food Administration Financing the War

    Taxes

    War Bonds

    Propaganda Espionage andSedition Acts

    Social Change

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    November 3, 1918:Austria-Hungarysurrenders

    November 11, 1918:German surrenders

    22 million people died 110,000 Americans

    died and 200,000wounded $338 billion economic

    cost of war

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    Prevent Another War No secret treaties

    Freedom of seas

    No economic barriers

    Reduction of arms

    Consider interests ofpeople as well as

    imperialist powers Boundary Changes 14th Point: League of

    Nations

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    All of the Allies rejected the plan because

    they all wanted to make the Germans pay

    Only exception was establishment of theLeague of Nations

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    Provisions Established 9 new nations

    Prevented Germany from maintaining an army Pay reparations in amount of $33 billion

    Problems with Treaty War-Guilt Clause

    Inability of Germany to pay reparations Russia lost more land than Germany

    Opposition in U.S.