1

SeZlebuli ojaxi soflad da qalaqad

politikuri gaerTianeba “axali memarjveneebis”

programa

Sinaarsi

preambula 5

saqarTvelos seriozuli cvlilebebi esaWiroeba 5

rogori saqarTvelo gvinda Cven ? 9

Tavi 1. demokratiuli saxelmwifo - wesebi axali saqarTvelosaTvis 11

saxelmwifo mowyoba, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizibuli policia, arCev-

nebi da demokratia

11

demokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba, adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi, media da

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

12

umciresobebis uflebebi 12

genderuli Tanasworoba 13

Tavi II. administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba da decentralizacia 15

arsebuli viTareba 15

TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi da kompetenciebi 16

TviTmmarTvelobaSi Semavali dasaxlebebi, maTi statusi 17

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis finansuri damoukidebloba 17

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis qoneba 18

administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis da decentralizaciis prioritetebi 20

migracia da qveynis proporciuli ganviTareba (mTis daclis Tavidan acileba) 23

Tavi III. sagareo politika - politika, romelsac endobian msoflioSi 25

saqarTvelos urTierToba aSS-sTan 25

evroatlantikuri integracia 25

saqarTvelos urTierToba mezobel qveynebTan 25

urTierToba ruseTTan 26

teritoriuli mTlianoba da deokupacia 26

Tavdacva, usafrTxoeba da SeiaraRebuli Zalebi 27

ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba 27

energetikuli usafrTxoeba 28

eko-usafrTxoeba 28

eqstremaluri bunebrivi movlenebis, bunebrivi katastrofebisa da maT mier gamowveu-

li riskebis marTvis gaumjobeseba

29

sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba 29

Tavi IV. ekonomikis gaZlierebis gegma - sabazro ekonomikis axali starti 30

1. makroekonomikuri garemo 30

mTliani Sida produqti (mSp) 30

monopoliebi 31

siRaribis zRvari, saarsebo minimumi 31

2

dasaqmebis politika. umuSevroba 32

inflacia 33

2. seqtoruli ekonomika 36

samrewvelo seqtori 36

sabanko seqtori 37

soflis meurneobis seqtori 37

vaWroba 38

3. finansebi 39

fiskaluri politika 39

sabiujeto politika 40

saxelmwifo vali 44

sagadamxdelo balansi 45

investiciebi 47

4. ekonomikis da biznesgaremos ganviTarebis zogadi koncefcia 48

1. ZiriTadi tendenciebi 48

2. ras efuZneba ganviTarebis koncefcia 49

3. ekonomikuri da biznes garemo 49

a. dekriminalizacia (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis SezRudva) 50

b. konkurenciis dacva 50

g. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba 51

d. biznesombudsmeni 53

e. mcire biznesi 54

Tavi V. 21-e saukunis qarTuli sofeli 60

qarTuli sofeli 60

qveynis sasicocxlo arteria - intensiuri soflis meurneoba 61

arsebuli viTarebis analizi 61

investiciebi 62

ruseTis faqtori 62

mTavrobis politika 63

soflis meurneobis saministros SesaZleblobebi 63

ganaTleba, kvleva da konsultaciebi 63

daavadebebi 63

kreditebis xelisawvdomoba 64

dazRveva 64

miwa 64

fermerebi 64

soflis meurneobis Camoyalibeba biznesisTvis mimzidvel dargad 64

sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba 65

sakredito resursis xelmisawvdomoba 65

dazRveva 66

sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyoba 67

Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi 67

sawvavi 68

soflis meurneobis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba 68

samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacia 68

sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia 68

3

meqanizacia 69

fermerTa momsaxureba da konsultacia 69

produqtiuli jiSebis, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb informa-

ciis gavrceleba

69

produqciis mimReb - gadamamuSavebeli centrebis, gasaRebis bazrebis Sesaxeb informa-

ciis gavrceleba

69

veterinaruli da agronomiuli momsaxureba 70

ganaTleba da codna soflis meurneobaSi 70

1000 veterinaris da 1000 agronomis momzadeba 70

sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis xarisxis kontroli/sasursaTo usafrTxoeba 71

qveynis biujetidan soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze gamoyofili saxsrebis finans-

uri gaangariSeba

71

Tavi VI. xelmisawvdomi jandacva da zrunva adamianebze 74

jandacva 74

arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva 74

jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, adamianuri resursebis ganviTareba 83

Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba 84

samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba 86

socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis prevencia da mkurnaloba 88

sapensio sistema 88

socialuri dacva 89

iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa 89

teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis socialuri

dacva

90

Tavi VII. gamarTuli infrastruqtura - gza, wyali, gazi, transporti yvela qalaqi-sa da soflisTvis

92

arsebuli mdgomareoba 92

regionuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT “axali memarjveneebis” pri-

oritetebi

93

wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis uzrunvelyofa 93

soflebis gazificireba 93

gadasaxadebi da tarifebi 93

satransporto sistemis ganviTareba 93

gzebis mSenebloba qalaqebsa da soflebSi 93

swori dagegmva da regionebs Soris disproporciis aRmofxvra 93

Tavi VIII. investicia momavalSi - meti Sansebi ganaTlebis, kvlevisa da inovacie-bisaTvis

94

arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi 94

decentralizacia saqarTveloSi 96

“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi ganaTlebis sferoSi 98

dafinanseba 98

skolamdeli ganaTleba 98

decentralizacia 99

ganaTlebis saministro 99

swavlebis safexurebi 100

4

pedagogi 100

swavlis xarisxis amaRleba 100

saxelmZRvanelo 101

kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centri 101

profesiuli ganaTleba 101

umaRlesi ganaTleba 101

mecniereba 102

mecniereba da ekonomika 104

Tavi IX. gadavarCinoT da msoflios gavacnoT unikaluri qarTuli kultura 105

kulturuli cxovrebis gaaqtiureba 105

kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba 106

qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatana. qarTuli enis ganviTareba 106

Tavi X. SevuqmnaT momavali saqarTvelos momavals 107

socialuri ganviTareba axalgazrdebisaTvis 107

jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidreba 107

axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba 108

5

preambula

saqarTvelos seriozuli cvlilebebi esaWiroeba

qveyanam Sewyvita svla realuri da funqcionirebadi demokratiisken :

gabatonebulia klanur-partiuli mmarTveloba, ganuwyvetliv regress ganicdis demokratiuli

institutebi, miuRwevelia balansi xelisuflebis Stoebs Soris, ukiduresad dakninebulia par-

lamentis roli, romlis sakonstitucio umravleoba erTi partiis xelSia Tavmoyrili.

problemebia adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi, pirovnebis TavisuflebaSi, kerZo sakuTrebis xel-

SeuxeblobaSi, sasamarTlos damoukideblobaSi. SerCeviTi samarTali da mediis Tavisufleba

jer kidev rCeba seriozul gamowvevad qarTuli demokratiisTvis, praqtikulad ar arsebobs

TviTmmarTveloba, saxelisuflebo vertikali ukiduresad centralizebulia da absoluturad ar

kontroldeba xalxisgan.

ekonomika ar viTardeba Tavisufali konkurenciis principiT. ekonomikis TiTqmis yvela dargSi

gabatonebulia monopolia da moxda xelisuflebis Sezrda kapitalTan. Cven praqtikulad dav-

brundiT ekonomikaze saxelmwifo kontrolis epoqaSi. daSinebulia da saxelmwifo reketis qveS

imyofeba biznesi, misTvis ar aris Seqmnili usafrTxo da prognozirebadi garemo. mmarTveli

klanis viwro wreSi damkvidrebulia elituri korufcia. gamouyenebelia qveynis seriozuli po-

tenciali agrarul seqtorSi. uzarmazari sxvaobaa qalaqad da soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis

cxovrebis dones Soris.

mTliani Sida produqtis da ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis matebisa miuxedavad realurad

ar momxdara mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gaumjobeseba. Zalian bevri ojaxi yovelgvari Semosav-

lis gareSea darCenili.

mosaxleobis udidesi nawili socialurad daucvelia, maTTvis xelmiuwvdomelia jandacva,

maRalia qronikuli da socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis gavrcelebis done, sapensio sistema ver

uzrunvelyofs Rirseul siberes.

xelisufleba ar aris orientirebuli im gezze, romliTac viTardeba civilizebuli samyaro da

avirCia raRac gaurkvveli „sakuTari gza“ ganaTlebasa da mecnierebaSi.

rac mTavaria, erTpartiuli da erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia qveynis xerx-

emali gaxdes Zlieri demokratiuli institutebi da kanoniereba, ris gareSec momavali ar aqvs arc

erT saxelmwifos.

saqarTvelos demokratiul da warmatebul saxelmwifod Camoyalibeba mxolod mravalpartiuli,

dabalansebuli da saxelmwifoebrivi pasuxismgeblobis mqone parlamentis arsebobis pirobebSia

SesaZlebeli.

qveyanaSi demokratiasTan dakavSirebuli yvela problema - pirovnebis Tavisuflebis, kerZo

sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobis, damoukidebeli sasamarTlos, Tavisufali mediis ar arsebo-

bis kuTxiT gamowveulia erTi Zalis mier politikuri sivrcis sruli monopolizebiT, romelic

damoukideblobis 20 wlis manZilze qarTuli saxelmwifos winaSe umTavres gamowvevad iqca.

2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi saetapo iqneba qveynis cxovrebaSi, radgan aCens Sanss bolo

moeRos erTpartiul mmarTvelobas.

am arCevnebs ori umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti aqvs . pirveli - sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, rom

Catardes Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebi da meore - bolo moeRos monopolizebul poli-

tikur sistemas qveyanaSi.

6

Cveni qveynis stabiluri momavali iTxovs 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad qveyanaSi

Seiqmnas mravalpartiuli dabalansebuli parlamenti da sabolood Camoyalibdes sistema, ro-

melic gamoricxavs erTi pirovnebis, erTi politikuri partiis neba-survilze qveynis marTvas.

Cven, politikuri gaerTianeba „axali memarjveneebi“, vacnobierebT ra qveynis winaSe mdgar prob-

lemebs, vgegmavT parlamentSi dabrunebas ara mxolod gansxvavebuli azris dasafiqsireblad,

aramed demokratiis da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisken saqarTvelos realuri svlis uzrunvel-

sayofad.

Cven gvaqvs mkafio mizani SevqmnaT saxelmwifo, romelSic adamianebi iqnebian dasaq-

mebulebi da soflad da qalaqad yvela ojaxi SeZlebulad icxovrebs

am miznis misaRwevad partiis prioritetebia:

usafrTxoeba da stabiluroba

realuri liberaluri demokratia

sabazro ekonomika da Tavisufali konkurencia

Zlieri sofeli

xelmisawvdomi jandacva

socialuri samarTlianoba

uzrunvelyofili sibere

xarisxiani ganaTleba

sazogadoebas vTavazobT programas, romelic SeZlebs uaxloes 4 weliwadSi saqarTvelos winaSe

mdgari yvelaze seriozuli problemebis mogvarebas: qveynisa da misi moqalaqeebis usafrTxoebas,

saqarTvelos demokratiul da samarTlian saxelmwifod Camoyalibebas institucionalur do-

neze, ekonomikis realuri seqtoris ganviTarebas, qarTuli soflis aRorZinebas da qalaqad da

soflad cxovrebis doneSi arsebuli gansaxvavebis aRmofxvras; seriozul garRvevas mosaxleobis

cxovrebis bevrad ufro maRali donis uzrunvelyofaSi, socialur dacvSi, ganaTlebisa da jan-

dacvis xelmisawvdomobaSi.

„axal memarjveneebs“ naTlad gvaqvs Camoyalibebuli risTvis mivdivarT arCevnebze.

momavali oTxi wlis manZilze saqarTvelos parlamentSi „axali memarjveneebis“ fraqcia up-

irveles yovlisa ibrZolebs imisTvis, rom:

• moispos dRes arsebuli monopoliebi da qveyanaSi Seiqmnas konkurentuli garemo biznesis

ganviTarebisTvis, rac niSnavs dabal fasebsa da axal samuSao adgilebs;

• xeli Seewyos mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebas da Sewydes is saxelmwifo terori,

romelic mewarmeobiT dakavebuli adamianebis winaaRmdeg mimdinareobs, rac qveyanaSi aTeul

aTasobiT adamians daasaqmebs;

• aRorZindes qarTuli sofeli, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis mZlavri berketi gaxdes

soflis meurneoba. Cven sofels pirvelyovlisa ganvixilavT ara mxolod rogorc qveynis

dovlaTis Seqmnis uzarmazar potencials, aramed im garemos, romelic yvelaze kargad inaxavs

qarTul tradiciul yofas;

• adamianebi uzrunvelyofilni iyvnen samedicino dazRveviT, romelic moicavs rogorc avad-

myofobis prevencias, aseve mkurnalobisa da medikamentebis xarjebis dafarvas;

• xandazmul adamianebis pensia iyos maTi damsaxurebis adeqvaturi, ar CamorCebodes saarsebo

minimums da iZleodes sibereSi Rirseuli cxovrebis saSualebas;

• mieces axalgazrdobas saSualeba Tavis qyeyanaSi miiRos rogorc akademiuri ise profesiuli

xarisxiani ganaTleba da Seiqmnas kariera;

7

ratom gamovyaviT es prioritetiebi?

ara monopoliebs - qveyanas Tavisufali konkurencia sWirdeba

xelisufleba srulad akontrolebs bizness da qveyanaSi Seqmna monopoliebi mTel rig sferoe-

bSi, rac angrevs ekonomikas, xels uSlis konkurencias da Sesabamisad, warmoSobs samuSao adg-

ilebis deficits, iwvevs sawvavis, medikamentebis, sakvebi produqtebis, momsaxurebis calkeuli

saxeobebis siZvires. monopoliebis Seqmna da mfarveloba uzarmazar finansur sargebels aZlevs

xelisuflebas, magram azaralebs mosaxleobas. es pirdapir aisaxeba TiToeuli ojaxis biujetze

da uZvirebs mas cxovrebas.

Cven brZola gamovucxadeT monopoliebs da vaiZulebT xelisuflebas xeli aiRos monopoliebis

Seqmnaze, maT mfarvelobasa da aqedan uzarmazari sargebelis miRebaze. Cven sakanonmdeblo do-

neze mivaRwevT Tavisufali konkurenciis garemos Seqmnas qveyanaSi, riTac mogebuli darCeba

TiToeuli ojaxi.

mcire da saSualo biznesi

ekonomika is safuZvelia, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia adamianebis cxovrebis maRali standar-

tiT uzrunvelyofa, maTi socialuri dacva, xelmisawvdomi jandacva da ganaTleba. amave dros

mxolod finansurad uzrunvelyofili adamiania Tavisufali gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, up-

irveles yovlisa, mxolod mas SeuZlia gaakeTos Tavisufali arCevani da amiT uzrunvelyos

demokratia sakuTar qveyanaSi.

Zlieri ekonomika ki mcire da saSualo mewarmeobas efuZneba. msoflio masStabiT biznesis 95%-

ze mets mcire da saSualo mewarmeoba warmoadgens da am segmentSi warmoebuli produqti

mTliani Sida produqtis 50%-ia. aSS-Si arsebuli sawarmoebis 90%-ze meti mcire sawarmoa,

sadac TiToeulSi aTamde adamiania dasaqmebuli, xolo evrokavSirSi mcire da saSualo biznesSi

dasaqmebuli adamianebis raodenoba kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulebis 2/3-s Seadgens.

iq sadac arsebobs mcire biznesi aris fuli.

garda amisa aris goneba, Rirseba da sakuTari Tu sxvis uflebebis dacvis mzaoba, aris saSualo

klasi, romelic qveynis normaluri ganviTarebis garantia.

dRes saqarTveloSi msxvili biznesi an xelisuflebis maRali eSelonebis warmomadgenelTa xel-

Sia, an arsebobs mxolod misi nebarTviT da eqvemdebareba gavlenas. mcire da saSualo biznesi ki

xelisuflebis mxridan sagadasaxado teroris qveSaa.

sanam ar dasruldeba mcire da saSualo biznesis terori, sanam mas ar Seeqmneba pirobebi - ver

ganviTardeba qveynis ekonomika, ver Seiqmneba samuSao adgilebi.

mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTareba miscems saSualebas Cveni qveynis moqalaqeebs icxovron

SeZlebulad, izrunon sakuTar janmrTelobaze, miiRon ganaTleba, hqondeT uzrunvelyofili

sibere.

sofeli da soflis meurneoba

bunebrivi da klimaturi pirobebi aZlevs saSualebas saqarTvelos hqondes ganviTarebuli

soflis meurneoba da awarmoos ekologiurad sufTa produqcia. am potencials qveyana ver

iyenebs. Cven jer kidev eqstensiuri soflis meurneobis pirobebSi vimyofebiT, ris gamoc so-

flad mcxovrebi mosaxleoba - qveynis mosaxleobis 47%-ze meti, gaWirvebulia. sofels ar aqvs

Sesaferisi infrastruqtura, mosaxleobas xeli ar miuwvdeba jandacvaze, xarisxian ganaTlebaze.

8

xelisufleba soflis skolebis xarjze akeTebs biujetSi ekonomias da ar acnobierebs, rom

sadac ar aris skola, iq sofeli kvdeba.

amave dros sofeli aris is garemo, sadac inaxeba Cveni tradiciuli yofa, Cveni kultura, eris

sulieri simdidre. qarTuli sofeli qarTveli kacis unikaluri da Seucvleli samyofelia. es

gamorCeulad is adgilia, romlis gamoc Cven globalizaciis pirobebSi saintereso varT danar-

Ceni msofliosTvis.

„axali memarjveneebis“ startegiaa miRweul iqnas soflad cxovrebis maRali standarti da qveya-

naSi ganviTardes intensiuri soflis meurneoba, Cvenma qveyanam SeZlos ara marto TviTon daik-

mayofilos moTxovna sasoflo - sameurneo produqciaze, aramed eqsportze gaitanos ekologiu-

rad sufTa produqtebi.

soflad glexi unda dasaqmdes. xeli unda SevuwyoT fermerebs, mewarmeebs soflebSi aaSenon

mefrinveleobis fabrikebi, fermebi, yvelis mini-qarxnebi, saxerxebi, da a.S. TiTo sawarmo yovel

sofelSi unda iyos.

xelmisawvdomi jandacva

jandacvaSi Catarebulma reformebma araTu mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dacvis maRali xarisxi

da xelmisawvdomoba moitana, aramed saqarTvelo Caayena im qveyanaTa ricxvSi, sadac mosaxleobis

udidesi nawili sruliad umweoa, roca saqme daavadebaTa prevencias, mkurnalobas da medika-

mentebiT uzrunvelyofas exeba.

hospitaluri seqtoris reformis idea swor safuZvelze iyo agebuli, magram mis ganxorciele-

baSi daSvebulma Secdomebma gamoiwvia saxelmwifos udidesi aqtivebis gaflangva, sanacvlod ki

miviReT sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier Tavidan bolomde monopolizebuli sistema, rodesac erT

xelSia moqceuli sadazRvevo sferoc, mkurnalobac, wamliT uzrunvelyofac da medikamentebis

warmoebac. jandacvis sferoSi gaCndnen monopolistebi - sadazRvevo kompaniebi, romelTa

kerZo interesebma gamoiwvia samedicino momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi, problemebi xelmisawvdo-

mobaSi, maRali fasebi medikamentebze.

saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis mier samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxebi mniSvnelovnad

aRemateba saSualo ojaxis finansur SesaZleblobebs, rac mZime tvirTad awveba sazogadoebas da

gansakuTrebiT mis Rarib fenas. mosaxleobis mier arasakveb produqtebze gaweuli xarjebis 40%

modis jandacvis sferoze.

qveyanaSi mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ar aris moculi dazRveviT, ris gamoc Zalze maRalia sa-

medicino momsaxurebis safasuris jibidan gadaxdis wili.

amave dros yvelaze saSiSi da mkurnalobis TvalsazrisiT ZviradRirebuli daavadebebi (C) hepa-titi, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) ar Sedis sadazRvevo paketebSi, rac katastrofis tolfasia am

daavadebis mqone adamianebisaTvis.

iseve rogorc sazogadoebis zogierTi sxva fena, eqimebic da saSualo medpersonalic aRmoCndnen

xelisuflebis mxridan devnis, mizanmimarTuli diskreditaciis da sruli uuflebobis msxverpli.

xarisxiani ganaTleba da mecniereba

xarisxiani ganaTlebis da mecnierebis ganviTarebis gareSe qveyanas momavali ar aqvs.

miuxedavad garkveuli dadebiTi tendenciebisa, dRes ganaTlebaSi ZiriTad problemad rCeba

xarisxi. reformebis gauazrebelma da xSir SemTxvevaSi danaSaulebrivma xasiaTma gamoiwvia

9

is, rom, skolaSi dabrunda bavSvi, magram ver dabrunda ganaTleba, Zalze dabalia sabunebi-

smetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis done, disciplina skolaSi ver iqna miRweuli ise, rom ar Selaxu-

liyo skolis avtonomia, pedagogis Tavisufleba sagakveTilo procesSi. skola aewyo mandaturis

samsaxurze da ukana planze gadawia Tavisi ZiriTadi funqcia. skolebis optimizaciis process

Seewira ganaTlebis ZiriTadi principi - geografiuli xelmisawvdomoba. ganaTlebis sistemaSi

mimdinareobs ukiduresi centralizaciis procesi, romelic damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa sistem-

isTvis.

marTalia, gamocdebis procesis gamotanam umaRlesi saswavleblidan im etapze didi roli Sea-

srula, magram man amave dros SezRuda umaRlesi saswavleblis monawileoba im kontingentis

SerCevis procesSi, romlis ganaTlebis xarisxzec sabolood TviTon unda agos pasuxi. skolis

damamTavrebeli saatestato gamocdis SemoReba umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi gamocdis nacv-

lad udavod swori nabijia, magram arasakmarisi. ukve saWiroa etapobrivad umaRles saswavle-

blebSi miRebis iseT sistemaze gadasvla, romelic gazrdis umaRlesi saswavleblebis uflebebs

kontingentis SerCevaSi, rac xels Seuwyobs umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebas.

mecnierebis organizaciaSi gatarebulma „reformebma“ sabolood mouRo bolo qarTul tradici-

ul samecniero skolebs da dRes saxelmwifos mxridan mecnierebis mimarT aseTi midgomebis piro-

bebSi qarTul mecnierebas perspeqtiva ar aqvs.

rogori saqarTvelo gvinda Cven ?

“axali memarjveneebs” gagvaCnia savsebiT naTeli xedva Cveni qveynis ganviTarebisa. Cveni mizania

iseTi saqarTvelo, sadac SenarCunebulia erovnuli TviTmyofadoba, saukeTeso tradiciebi da

amave dros kari farTod aqvs gaRebuli progress, msoflio civilizaciis saukeTeso miRwevebs.

Cven gvinda saqarTvelo sadac:

yvela ojaxi icxovrebs SeZlebulad, rogorc soflada ise qalaqad;

Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegad iarsebebs dabalansebuli

parlamenti, sadac gadawyvetilebis mimRebi ar iqneba mxolod erTi politikuri Zala;

TiToeuli adamiani, yvela ojaxi iqneba centraluri figura xelisuflebisTvis;

adamianebisTvis mizani iqneba ara umweos statusis mopoveba da saxelmwifos finansuri daxmare-

biT Tavis rCena, aramed yvelas eqneba sakuTari SromiT normalurad cxovrebis da dovlaTis

Seqmnis SesaZlebloba;

yvelas eqneba saSualeba izrunos sakuTar janmrTelobaze da miiRos srulfasovani mkurnaloba;

yvelgan, qalaqad da soflad adamianebs eqnebaT SesaZlebloba icxovron normalur garemoSi da

isargeblon Tanamedrove teqnologiebis sikeTiT;

qveyanaSi miRweuli iqneba grZelvadiani ekonomikuri zrdis maRali tempi, rac ekonomikaSi Ta-

visufali bazris principebis farTod danergviT, mkacri fiskaluri discipliniTa da jansaRi

monetaruli politikis gatarebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili;

ar iarsebebs monopoliebi da gasaqani miecema Tavisufal konkurencias, riTac Seiqmneba samuSao

adgilebi da mosaxleobas gauCndeba Semosavalida da xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba sawvavi, wamali,

produqti da sxva.

Camoyalibdeba Zlieri saSualo fena, rac uzrunvelyofs pirovnebis Tavisufal ganviTarebas;

10

qveynis Zlierebis saZirkveli iqneba Zlieri sofeli, sadac adamianebis cxovrebis done maqsim-

alurad miuaxlovdeba qalaqad cxovrebis dones:

saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs mavne produqciisagan adamianebis dacvas da warmoebuli produq-

ciis evropul standartebTan miaxloebas;

“axali memarjveneebis” mizania saqarTvelo iyos natos da garkveuli periodis Semdeg, evrokav-

Siris wevri saxelmwifo aqedan gamomdinare yvela sasikeTo SedegiT da perspeqtiviT.

da rac yvelaze mTavaria, Cveni mizania saqarTveloSi soflad da qalaqad iyos SeZlebuli ojaxebi,

yvela ojaxs hqondes Semosavali da SeeZlos Rirseulad cxovreba stabilur saxelmwifoSi.

amisTvis aucilebelia swori saxelmwifo politika. saWiroa biznesSi damkvidrdes Tavisufali

konkurenciis principi, Seiqmnas usafrTxo da prognozirebadi garemo, moxdes mcire da saSua-

lo biznesis stimulireba, Seiqmnas myari garantiebi investiciebis ganxorcielebisTvis, moxdes

gasaRebis axali bazrebis moZieba da efeqturad iqnas gamoyenebuli aSS-s Tan da evrokavSirTan

Tavisufali vaWrobis SemoRebis SesaZleblobebi.

es mogvcems saSualebas qveynis sabiujeto politika da sabiujeto xarjebis moculoba pirdapir-

proporciulad iyos damokidebuli ekonomikuri zrdis (mTliani Sida produqtis) maCvenebelze.

Sesabamisad, “axali memarjveneebis” poziciaa, rom sabiujeto xarjebis Tanafardobas da sx-

vadasxva sabiujeto xarjis xvedriT wils mTlian Sida produqtTan mimarTebaSi Semdegi saxe

hqondes:

• Tavdacva – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 2,5 %-is nacvlad)

• ganaTleba – 5%; (dRes arsebuli 2,2 %-is nacvlad)

• Sss – 1,8%; (dRes arsebuli 2,2 %-is nacvlad)

• janmrTelobis dacva – 2,5%; (dRes arsebuli 1,6 %-is nacvlad)

• socialuri sfero – 6%; (dRes arsebuli 5 %-is nacvlad)

• soflis meurneoba – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 0,5 %-is nacvlad)

• infrastruqturuli proeqtebi – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 3,6 %-is nacvlad)

• saxelmwifo aparati – 1,5%. (dRes arsebuli 7 %-is nacvlad)

es iqneba garantia qveyanaSi uzrunvelyofili iqnas socialuri stabiluroba, yvela ojaxs See-

Zlos iqonios Semosavali da hqondes normaluri cxovrebis pirobebi.

yvelaferi es ukavSirdeba 2012 wlis Semodgomaze Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebis Catarebas,

romelic saqarTvelosTvis iqneba realuri Sansi miaRwios integracias evro-atlantikur struq-

turebSi, gaxdes msoflio Tanamegobrobis sruluflebiani wevri da Zlieri da warmatebuli saxelmwifo.

11

Tavi 1. demokratiuli saxelmwifo - wesebi axali saqarTvelosaTvis

saxelmwifo mowyoba, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizirebuli policia, arCevnebi da demokratia

dRes saqarTvelosTvis seriozul gamowvevad rCeba SerCeviTi samarTali, xelisuflebis Stoebs

Soris balansis, kanonis uzenaesobis, damoukidebeli sasamarTlos ararseboba, centralizebuli

xelisufleba, mosaxleobaSi da pirvel rigSi biznesSi gamefebuli SiSi, policiuri saxelmwifo,

monopoliebi sawvavis, medikamentebis bazarze, medicinaSi, maRali fasebi produqtebsa Tu mom-

saxurebaze, susti da formaluri TviTmmarTveloba, biujetis xarjvis gaumWvirvaloba, Tavisu-

fali mediis, Tavisufali arCevnebis ararseboba da undobloba arCevnebis mimarT. demokratiuli

lozungebis safarqveS xdeba klanur -partiuli mmarTvelobis gaZliereba.

sasamarTlo qveyanaSi gadaqceulia prokuraturis danamatad, moxda marTlmsajulebis da policiis

politizeba.

penitencialur sistemaSi fasaduri Selamazebis fonze mwvave problemad rCeba patimarTa ufle-

bebis masobrivad darRveva, maT mimarT sadisturi mopyroba.

“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebia saxelmwifo mowyobis sferoSi:

• saqarTvelosTvis saxelmwifo mowyobis saukeTeso modelad migvaCnia saparlamento monarqia,

romlis drosac yvelaze kargad aris miRweuli balansi saxelisuflebo Stoebs - sakanon-

mdeblo, aRmasrulebel, sasamarTlo xelisuflebas Soris neitraluri arbitris meSveobiT.

“axali memarjveneebisTvis” aseTi neitraluri da Zlieri arbitri aris monarqi, magram ar-

sebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, migvaCnia, rom dReisTvis es mxolod sasurveli modelia,

romlis ganxorcieleba am etapzze SeuZlebelia. sanam qveyanaSi Seiqmneba Sesaferisi garemo

saparlamento monarqiaze gadasvlisTvis, migvaCnia, rom unda SenarCundes saparlamento

respublika, Zlier parlaments da premier - ministrs Soris Zalauflebis gadanawilebis

gziT. neitraluri arbitri SesaZloa iyos Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebis gziT

pirdapiri wesiT arCeuli qveynis prezidenti;

• Cven mxars vuWerT mmarTvelobis demokratiul sistemas, romelSic Zalaufleba kanoniT aris

SezRuduli da ganawilebulia sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo Stoebs Soris.

momaval parlamentSi partia iqneba iniciatori sakonstitucio cvlilebebisa, romlis mizani

iqneba xelisuflebis Stoebs Soris balansis Seqmna, rac 2011 wels ganxorcielebuli sakon-

stitucio cvlilebebiT ver iqna miRweuli. Zlieri prezidenti Secvala Zlierma premier -

ministrma, xolo susti parlamenti kvlav darCa sust parlamentad. parlamenti, praqtikulad

mZevali xdeba premier-ministris xelSi, romelsac nebismier kanonTan dakavSirebiT xelT

aqvs berketi TiTqmis usityvo morCilebaSi hyavdes parlamenti, an Seuqmnas mas daTxovnis

safrTxe;

• qveyanas hyavdes angariSvaldebuli da gamWvirvale mTavroba, romelic kontroldeba parla-

mentis mier da angariSvaldebulia mis winaSe;

• saqarTveloSi eklesia da saxelmwifo unda iyos mkafiod urTierTgamijnuli, saxelmwifo ar

unda ereodes eklesiis saqmeebSi, iseve rogorc eklesia ar unda ereodes saxelmwifos saqmi-

anobaSi;

12

damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizibuli policia

• yvela donis sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gaTavisufldeba saxelmwifo kontrolisagan;

• mivaRwevT, rom qveyanaSi adamianebs ar eSinodeT sasamarTlosi da policiis, aramed swored

es institutebi miaCndeT maTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis garantad;

• policia, romelmac uzrunvelyo qveyanaSi kriminogenuli viTarebis stabilizacia, gaTavisu-

fldeba politikuri wnexisgan da moemsaxureba mxolod sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvas;

samarTliani da Tavisufali arCevnebi

• saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi arCevnebis Catarebas, realu-

rad amoqmeddeba is muxlebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas arCevnebis gayalbebi-

saTvis, arCevanis uflebis SezRudvisaTvis;

• SeizRudeba administraciuli resursis da biujetis saxsrebis gamoyeneba, amomrCevelTa

mosyidva;

• dasruldeba sabiujeto dawesebulebebis da saxelmwifo mosamsaxureTa, Tavdacvis da poli-

ciis sistemaSi momuSave adamianebis, gansasjelebis Tu msjavrdebulebis iZuleba arCevnebSi

xelisuflebis sasargeblod arCevanis gakeTebaze;

demokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba, adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi, media da gamoxatvis

Tavisufleba

• saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs mis teritoriaze mcxovrebi yvela adamianisa da jgufis sayovel-

Taod aRiarebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas, maTi Tavisufali arCevanis ufle-

bas, sityvis, azris, sindisis, aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisuflebas, Seqmnis xelsayrel

garemos TiToeuli moqalaqis SesaZleblobebis realizaciisaTvis;

• umTavres gamowvevad qveynis winaSe migvaCnia kanonis uzenaesoba, mediis da gamoxatvis Tavi-

sufleba. “axali memarjveneebi” uzrunvelvyofT mediis Tavisuflebas da qveyanaSi iseTi me-

diasaSualebebis arsebobas, sadac daculi iqneba gonivruli balansi gamoxatvis Tavisufle-

basa da adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebebs Soris;

• saqarTvelos parlamentSi daculi iqneba umciresobebis uflebebi da maT eqnebaT sakanon-

mdeblo procesze gavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba;

• daculi iqneba patimrebis uflebebi da penitencialuri sistema aRar iqneba asocirebuli

wamebasTan, patimarTa Zaladobriv sikvdilTan, moralur damcirebasTan, fizikur Seuracxyo-

fasTan;

• bolo moeReba patimarTa da probacionerTa ojaxebiT manipulirebas saarCevno procesSi;

umciresobebis uflebebi

“axal memarjveneebs” qveynis stabiluri da demokratiuli ganviTarebis garantad migvaCnia

umciresobaTa, maT Soris, eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebis uflebebis dacva da samoqa-

laqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba, mravaleTnikuri da mravalkonfesiuri saqarTvelos mosaxleo-

bis Tanabari CarTuloba qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi, pirobebis Seqmna am

jgufebis identobisa da kulturis SenarCuneba-ganviTarebisTvis.

13

CvenTvis miuRebelia, roca eTnikuri umciresobebis monawileoba saxelmwifos marTvasa da

politikur saqmianobaSi xelisuflebisTvis aris mxolod valdebuleba da xorcieldeba e.w.

kvotirebis sistemiT, maSin, rodesac mTeli rigi sagangebo RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro im-

isTvis, rom es iqces bunebriv da ara xelovnurad marTul procesad.

ar aris sakmarisi is RonisZiebebi, romlebic tardeba erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo

enis Sesaswavlad, rac warmoSobs problemebs ganaTlebis, informaciis miRebis sferoSi, marTlm-

sajulebis sistemis xelmisawvdomobaSi da zogadad saxelmwifoSi mimdinare procesebSi srulfa-

sovan monawileobaSi;

Cveni mizania erovnuli umciresobebi saqarTveloSi vaqcioT sazogadoebis sruluflebian

wevrebad, romelTac Tanabari SesaZleblobebi eqnebaT qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur

cxovrebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.

partiis prioritetebi am mimarTulebiT iqneba :

• radikaluri da qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba yvela moqalaqisaTvis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad

saxelmwifo enis Rrmad da safuZvlianad Sesaswavlad;

• erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo enis Rrma da sauZvliani codna gavxadoT maTTvis

informaciis miRebis, saxelmwifos marTvaSi monawileobis, samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi aqtiuri

CarTulobis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofis sasualeba;

• erovnuli umciresobebisaTvis ganaTlebis yvela safexuris xelmisawvdomobisa da zogadi

ganaTlebis sferoSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis uzrunvelyofa;

• aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmna erocnuli umciresobebis kulturis, maTi TviTmyofadobis,

religiis, enis, tradiciebis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis;

• erovnuli umciresobebisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da marTlmsajulebis sistemis xelmis-

awvdomobis gaumjobeseba;

• saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi erovnuli umciresobebis monawileobis xelSewyoba,

erovnuli umciresobebis kulturis, istoriis, enisa da religiis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis cod-

nis gaRrmaveba da qveynis kulturul Rirebulebebad maTi warmoCena;

• erovnuli umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi infrastruqturis Semdgomi ganviTareba;

• erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa profesiuli gadamzadeba da maTi dasaqmebis

xelSewyoba;

genderuli Tanasworoba

“axal memarjveneebs” genderuli Tanasworoba migvaCnia adamianis uflebaTa umniSvnelovanes

Semadgenel nawilad, romelic gulisxmobs qalisa da mamakacis Tanaswor ufleba-movaleobebs,

pasuxismgeblobas da Tanasworuflebian monawileobas piradi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela

sferoSi;

saqarTvelo msoflio genderuli indeqsis mixedviT 134 qveynidan 84-e adgilzea;

SezRudulia qalTa monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da gadawyvetilebis miRebis proces-

Si: nominaluria qalTa warmomadgenloba saqarTvelos parlamentsa da mTavrobaSi, adgilobriv

TviTmmarTvelobaSi;

14

miuxedavad imisa, rom umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebis 55%-s qalebi Seadgenen, qalebi

muSaoben ufro dabalanazRaurebad poziciebze da naklebad Semosavlian ekonomikur seqtorebSi,

Sesabamisad, maTi saSualo nominaluri xelfasi mamakacebis xelfasze naklebia.

prioritetebi genderuli Tanasworobis dacvis kuTxiT:

• partia mxars uWers genderul Tanasworobas, qalisa da mamakacis Tanabari uflebebis

dacvas, qalebisTvis xelis Sewyobas aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli sazogadoebriv- politikur

saqmianobaSi;

• Cven vapirebT realuri Tanasworoba da Tanabari SesaZleblobebi qalisa da mamakacisTvis

politikaSi, biznesSi, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi vaqcioT saqarTvelos demokratiuli da

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis seriozul resursad;

• am mizniT partiis mTavarma komitetma miiRo gadawyvetileba partiul siebSi nebismieri

donis arCevnebSi yovel aTeulSi warmodgenili iyos 3 qali. anu, es imas niSnavs, rom par-

tiul siebSi yoveli mesame qali iqneba;

• momaval parlamentSi partia aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs genderuli Tanasworobis

sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofaSi;

• Cveni mizani iqneba genderuli Tanasworobis SromiTi aspeqtis mogvareba,

• siRaribis feminizacias davupirispirebT mcire biznesis xelSewyobis programas, romelic

miscems SesaZleblobas qalebs daiwyon ekonomikuri saqmianoba da hqondeT Semosavali;

15

Tavi II. administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba da decentralizacia

1. arsebuli viTareba

miuxedavad qveyanaSi araerTgzis ganxorcielebuli reformebisa dRes saqarTvelos adminis-

traciul-teritoriuli mowyoba ar Seesabameba evropuli qartiis moTxovnebs.

komunisturi mmarTvelobis dasrulebis Semdeg, qveynis umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organos - uzen-

aesi sabWos arCevidan ramdenime TveSi, dRis wesrigSi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis formirebis

sakiTxi dadga. 1991 wlis 29 ianvars miRebul iqna kanoni “gardamaval periodSi adgilobrivi

mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” da ‘saqarTvelos respublikis xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis

arCevnebis Sesaxeb”, romelTa safuZvelzec, amave wlis 31 marts Catarda adgilobrivi mmarTv-

elobis warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebi soflis, dabis da qalaqebis doneze. Tumca adgilobrivi

organoebis formirebiT, qveyanaSi xelisuflebis decentralizacia ar ganxorcielebula. kanonis

Tanaxmad, adgilobrivi mmarTveloba iyo saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis Semadgenili nawili, rom-

lis mizanic iyo administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi gardamavali periodis amocanebis

gadawyveta.

samoqalaqo omis Semdgom, 1993 wlis 2 agvistos saxelmwifo meTauris #93 brZanebulebiT damt-

kicda “droebiTi debuleba saqarTvelos respublikis raionis (qalaqis) saxelmwifo xelisu-

flebisa da mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis Sesaxeb”. sakrebuloebi, formalurad, 1995

wlis Semodgomamde SenarCunda mxolod did qalaqebSi da Zalaufleba gamgeblebis xelSi iyo

koncentrirebuli, romelsac saxelmwifo meTauri niSnavda. 1991-97 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ar

arsebobda TviTmmarTveloba da adgilobrivi organoebisTvis raime saxis qonebis sakuTrebaSi

gadacemis mcdeloba ar yofila.

TviTmmarTvelobis formalurad formirebis TariRad iTvleba 1997 wlis 16 oqtomberi, rodesac

parlamentma miiRo kanoni “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”, xolo

Semdgom, amis safuZvelze, 1998 wlis 15 noembers arCeul iqna adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi (972 TviTmmarTveli erTeuli, 65 mmarTveli erTeuli). kanoniT

TviTmmarTvel erTeulad ganisazRvra sofeli, Temi, daba da qalaqi; xolo mmarTvelobis or-

ganod -raioni da is qalaqi romelic ar Sedioda raionis SemadgenlobaSi. 2001 wlis agvistoSi

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Sevida TviTmmarTvelobis kanonSi da ganisazRvra eqskluziuri da

delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis nusxa.

2004 wels saqarTvelos mier adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis rati-

ficirebam, aseve 2005-2006 wlebSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb axali kanonis miRebam,

romelsac mohyva calke kanonebis miReba TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis da biujetis Sesaxeb,

sazogadoebaSi gaaCina imedi saxelmwifo teritoriuli mowyobis reformis kuTxiT. axali kanonis

Tanaxmad TviTmmarTveloba gauqmda soflis, dabis da qalaqis doneze da Camoyalibda mmarT-

velobis doneze - sabWoTa periodSi arsebul 65 raionis administraciul-teritoriul farg-

lebSi. TviTmmarTvelobis gamsxvilebis reformis avtorTa mtkicebiT am nabijiT TandaTan unda

momxdariyo TviTmmarTveli erTulebis finansuri da ekonomikuri gaZliereba, ris Sedegadac

qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesdeboda biznesgaremo da socialuri foni.

Tumca, TviTmmarTvelobis sferoSi 2007-2010 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom TviTmmarT-

velobis finansuri da ekonomikuri damoukidebloba araTu gaizarda reformis ganxorcielebis

Sedegad, aramed Semcirda kidec. miuxedavad sakanonmdeblo bazis formirebisa, TviTmmarTveloba

ver asrulebs kanoniT miniWebul uflebamosilebebs. igi warmoadgens fiqtiur rgols, erTgvar

butaforias qveynis sajaro mmarTvelobis sistemaSi, romelsac arc politikuri, arc administraci-

uli da arc fiskaluri damoukidebloba ar gaaCnia. TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis praqtikulad

ar momxdara sakuTrebaSi qonebis gadacemac.

16

realurad mxare saqarTveloSi warmoadgens administraciul da ara TviTmmarTvelobis war-

monaqmns. igi faqtiurad arealia gubernatoris samoqmedod. mxaris rwmunebuli aris ara

mxaris mcxovrebTa mier arCeuli TviTmmarTveli erTeulis xelmZRvaneli, aramed prezidentis

warmomaTgeneli regionSi. administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis es modeli, marTalia, Seesa-

bameba saqarTvelos teritoriuli dayofis istoriul princips, magram ar Seicavs TviTmmarTv-

elobis niSnebs.

amdenad, saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobis sxvadasxva done ar arsebobs, TviTmmarTveloba praq-

tikulad erTdoniania da gayinulia adre arsebuli raionis, anu dRevandeli municipalitetis

doneze. municipalitetis, rogorc TviTmmarTveli erTeulis arc zemoT, da arc qvemoT ar arse-

bobs TviTmmarTvelobis sxva done da arc diferenciacia doneebs Soris.

sami ZiriTadi komponentidan, romelic TviTmmarTvelobis arsebobas gansazRvravs - eqskluzi-

uri kompetencia, fuli da qoneba, dRes saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobebs srulyofilad arc

erTi ar gaaCniaT. biujeti ukiduresad centralizebulia. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisT-

vis datovebuli saTamaSo biznesis da qonebis gadasaxadi imdenad mizerulia, rom realurad ver

qmnis municipalitetis biujets da igi mTlianad centridan miRebul transferebzea damokide-

buli.

rac Seexeba aWaris avtonomiur respublikas, aqac TviTmmarTvelobis formalur niSnebTan gvaqvs

saqme, radgan realurad aWaris avtonomias avtonomiuri warmonaqmnisTvis arsebuli ZiriTadi

funqciebi ar gaaCnia.

TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi da kompetenciebi

TviTmmarTveloba Camoyalibebulia 65 administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, romelTaganac

5 aris TviTmmarTveli qalaqi. dedaqalaq Tbiliss gaaCnia specialuri kanoni “dedaqalaqis Ses-

axeb”.

adgilobrvi TviTmmarTvelobis uflabamosilebani ganisazRvreba organuli kanoniT, romelic

adgens sakuTar da delegirebul uflebamosilebebs.

ZiriTad sakuTar uflebamosilebebs warmoadgens: adgilobrivi sabiujeto procesi (biujetis

momzadeba, damtkiceba, aRsruleba angariSgeba), adgilobrivi gadasaxadebis da mosakreblebis

SemoReba da gauqmeba kanoniT dadgenil zRvrul farglebSi, sainvesticio da dasaqmebis pro-

gramebis damtkiceba/xelSewyoba, sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis (maT Soris miwis) marTva da

gankargva, mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema, gare vaWrobis bazrebisa da bazrobebis regulireba,

parkireba da gare reklama, dasufTaveba, gare ganaTeba, nagavsayrelebis mowyoba, keTilmowyoba

da gamwvaneba, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis movla da Senaxva, sivrciT – teritoriuli

dagegmva, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis biblioTekebis, muzeumebis, Teatrebis, gamofenebis, spor-

tul-gamajansaRebeli obieqtebis saqmianobis organizeba, skolamdeli da skolisgareSe saaR-

mzdelo dawesebulebebis Seqmna, saxanZro usafrTxoeba, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

sferoSi municipaluri resursebis mobilizeba, Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxor-

cieleba, adgilobrivi sagzao moZraobis dagegmareba, quCebis saxeldeba.

garda sakuTari uflebamosilebebisa, saxelmwifo xelisufleba axdens sakuTari kompeten-

ciebis delegirebas municipalitetebze. saxelmwifos mier municipalitetebisaTvis delegire-

buli uflebamosilebebis gansaxorcieleblad saxelmwifo biujetidan yovelwliurad gamoiyofa

transferebi. saxelmwifo biujetiTve ganisazRvreba delegirebul uflebamosilebaTa nusxa.

rogorc CamonaTvalidanac Cans formalurad TviTmmarTvelobebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

17

TiTqmis yvela sferoSi mniSvnelovani kompetencia gaaCnia, garda ganaTlebis da socialuri

sferoebisa, sadac municipalitetebis uflebamosilebebi mokrZalebulia.

TviTmmarTvelobis Semosavlebis 60%-ze meti formirdeba saxelmwifo biujetis transferebidan.

amasTan am transferebis gaangariSebis wesi xSir SemTxvevaSi bundovania an saerTod ar aris for-

malizebuli.

realurad dRes TviTmmarTvelobebi axorcieleben TavianTi kompetenciis mxolod nawils, mizer-

ulia maTi monawileoba delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis gansaxorcieleblad yovelwliurad

gamosayofi transferebis formirebaSi.

TviTmmarTvelobaSi Semavali dasaxlebebi, maTi statusi

kanonis Tanaxmad TviTmmarTvelobis safuZveli aris dasaxlebebis erToblioba. dasaxleba

aris mosaxleobis gansaxlebis pirveladi administraciuli erTeuli, romelsac hyavs mudmivi

mcxovreblebi, aqvs funqcionaluri infrastruqtura.

municipalitetis gamgebeli TviTmmarTvelobis teritoriul erTeulebSi (teritoriuli er-

Teuli SeiZleba moicavdes erT, ramdenime dasaxlebas an dasaxlebis nawils) niSnavs rwmunebuls,

romelic uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis kavSirs TviTmmarTvelobis Tanamdebobis pirebTan. rw-

munebulis kompetenciaSi Sedis sxvadasxva saxis (maT Soris statistikuri) informaciis mogrove-

ba, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis cnobebis gacema, aseve, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis qonebis movla,

socialur-kulturul da sxva adgilobrivi saxis RonisZiebebis Catareba/xelSewyoba. adgilobri-

vi infrastruqturuli da sainJinro da sainvesticio proeqtebis SedgenaSi monawileoba da a.S.

aRsaniSnavia, rom TviTmmarTvelobaSi arsebul dasaxlebebs ar gaaCniaT iuridiuli statusi. Sesabam-

isad, ar gaaCniaT sakuTrebaSi/mflobelobaSi arsebuli qoneba, miwa an bunebrivi resursebi.

umetes municipalitetebSi daudgenelia dasaxlebebis zusti administraciuli sazRvrebi.

dasaxlebebi, sididis miuxedavad moklebulni arian SesaZleblobas Tavad airCion warmomadgene-

li (teritoriuli organos xelmZRvaneli). kanonmdeblobiT ar aris dadgenili TviTmmarTveli

erTeulis biujetis dasaxlebebs Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi.saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinanse-

buli soflis daxmarebis programis monitoringis Sedegebi cxadyobs rom mosaxleobis CarTu-

loba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi dabalia. gamokiTxulTa 74%-s soflis

daxmarebis programaze informacia aqvs, magram zogadi. gamokiTxulTa (an gamokiTxulTa ojaxis

wevrebis) mxolod 29% iyo CarTuli prioritetebis gansazRvraSi. gamokiTxulTa 34% Tvlis, rom

Tanxebi miznobrivad ar daxarjula da samuSao bolomde ar Sesrulda, xolo 44%-s ar aqvs ara-

nairi informacia. yovelive es miuTiTebs imaze, rom dasaxlebebis doneze, erTis mxriv, naklebia

mosaxleobis CarTuloba, meores mxriv, statusis ar qonis gamo rTulia centralur an raionul

doneze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis oponireba.

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis finansuri damoukidebloba

TviTmmarTvelobebis Semosulobebis ZiriTadi wyaro, saqarTvelos sabiujeto kodeqsis Sesa-

bamisad aris qonebis gadasaxadi da sxva mimdinare da kapitaluri Semosavlebi (adgilobrivi

qonebis ijaridan, aseve licenziebidan da nebarTvebidan). garda sakuTari Semosavlebisa, munici-

palitetebs saxelmwifo biujetidan miecemaT gamoTanabrebiTi, miznobrivi (delegirebuli ufle-

bamosilebebisaTvis) da specialuri transferi.

sajaro finansebis udidesi nawili (mTeli Semosavlebis 90-95%) saxelmwifo biujetSi rCeba Tav-

moyrili. 2006 wels ganxorcielebuli TviTmmarTvelobis reformis Semdgom am mimarTulebiT

araferi Secvlila, xolo zog SemTxvevaSi, gauaresda.

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TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi fiskaluri decentralizaciis xarisxi ufro maRalia, vidre munici-

palitetebSi. es gamowveulia Semosulobebis ukeTesi baziT da xarjebis da arafinansuri aq-

tivebis zrdis SedarebiT maRali parametrebiT.

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis damokidebuleba centridan miRebul transferebze Zalian maRalia.

municipalitetebis biujetebidan daxarjuli Tanxebis umetesi nawili saxelmwifo biujetidan

grantis saxiT aris gacemuli, rac zRudavs xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis fiskalur

damoukideblobas. am mxriv TviTmmarTvel qalaqebsa da municipalitetebs Soris didi sxvaoba ar

fiqsirdeba, radgan grantebze damokidebulebis xarisxi orive tipis TviTmmarTvel erTeulebSi

maRalia.

qveyanaSi mobilizebuli gadasaxadebis mxolod umniSvnelo nawili iricxeba TviTmmarTveli

erTeulebis biujetebSi, rac amcirebs maT dainteresebas xeli Seuwyon sakuTar teritoriaze

ekonomikur aqtivobas.TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs faqtiurad ar gaaCniaT diskrecia adgilobriv

gadasaxadebTan da mosakreblebTan mimarTebaSi, rac gamoricxavs maTi mxridan sakuTari Semosu-

lobebis prognozirebas da safinanso-sabiujeto politikis dagegmvis SesaZleblobas.

qonebis gadasaxadi, romelic erTaderTi adgilobrivi gadasaxadia, dawesebuli SeRavaTebis gamo

didi fiskaluri efeqtis momtani ar aris. amasTan Rirebuli qonebis didi nawili TviTmmarTvel qa-

laqebSia Tavmoyrili.

adgilobrivi sabiujeto procesis mTavar warmmarTvel Zalad finansTa saministro gvevlineba.

gatarebuli satransfero politikis miznebi gacxadebuli da saTanadod dasabuTebuli ar aris.

transferebiT saxsrebis ganawileba xSirad eyrdnoba subieqtur gadawyvetilebebs, rac xels

uSlis resursebis efeqtian ganawilebas. arsebuli satransfero politika ignorirebas ukeTebs

TviTmarTveli erTeulebis waxalisebas maT mier mobilizebuli Semosavlebis gazrdaze, rac

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi centralur xelisuflebaze damokidebulebis xarisxs kidev ufro

gazrdis.

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis gaTanabreba ar aris damyarebuli maT kompetenciebSi Semavali

sazogadoebrivi servisebis minimalur standartebze da Sesabamis finansur normebze. gaTanabre-

biTi transferis formulaSi problemuria gamWvirvalobis, formulaSi gamoyenebuli komponen-

tebis adeqvaturobisa da maTi xvedriTi wonebis sakiTxebi.

sesxis aRebis procedura xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebisaTvis xisti da mouqneli rCeba,

rac faqtiurad gamoricxavs TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis kapitaluri investiciebis miRebis

mizniT kapitalis erovnuli bazris realur xelmisawvdomobas.

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis qoneba

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis gadacemis pro-

cesi ar aRmoCnda saTanadod gaazrebuli, dagegmili da warmarTuli. es exeba normatiuli bazis

momzadebas, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebis koordinirebul muSaobas da procesis finansur uz-

runvelyofas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom kanoni naTlad ayalibebs dasaxlebas (sofeli, Temi, daba, qalaqi) rogorc

TviTmmarTvelobis formirebis safuZvels, am erTeulebs aranairi statusi, damoukidebeli fi-

nansuri resursi an qoneba ar gaaCnia.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis Tanaxmad municipalitetebis qonebas

ganekuTvneba qoneba, romelic a) saxelmwifos mier gadacemulia mis sakuTrebaSi an b) Tavad mis

mier Seqmnili an SeZenilia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.

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„adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb“ kanoni gansazRvravs ori saxis qonebas:

ZiriTad (ganusxvisebel) qonebas da damatebiT qonebas.

ZiriTadia TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba, romelic aris TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis

safuZveli da romelic TviTmmarTvelobis organom SeiZleba gamoiyenos mxolod Tavisi sajaro

funqciebisa da uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis mizniT. dauSvebelia ZiriTadi qonebis gasx-

viseba an qonebis gamoyeneba kreditorTa moTxovnis uzrunvelsayofad.

damatebiTia TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba, romelic ar aris ZiriTadi qonebis nawili da

TviTmmarTvelobis organom SeiZleba gamoiyenos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. damatebiTi

qonebis gasxviseba SesaZlebelia.

saxelmwifo qonebis gadacema xdeba pirdapiri wesiT, kanonis safuZvelze an TviTmmarTveli er-

Teulis moTxovnis safuZvelze. TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs sakuTrebaSi kanoniT gadacemuli aqvT

Semdegi qoneba:

• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis teritoriaze arsebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa

(adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebi, quCebi, xeivnebi, skverebi da a.S), garda kerZo sakuTrebaSi

arsebuli miwebisa, saxelmwifo qonebaze an saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobiT arsebul

qonebaze damagrebuli miwebisa;

• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis sakuTrebaSi arsebul obieqtebze mimagrebuli miwa;

• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis teritoriaze arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwa, garda saxelm-

wifo, kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwis, tyis da wylis fondis miwisa, pirutyvis gadasareki

trasebisa;

• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tye;

• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wylis resursebi.

meore kanoni, romliTac moxda TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis sakuTrebis gadacema aris kanoni “adgi-

lobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb”. am kanonis mixedviT maT

sakuTrebaSi gadaecaT adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis

• gzebi, xidebi, gvirabebi da quCebi;

• miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebi da trotuarebi;

• SuqniSnebi, gare ganaTebis konstruqciebi;

• moednebi, skverebi, bulvarebi;

• Sadrevnebi, parkebi, mwvane nargavebi;

• napirsamagri nagebobebi.

marTalia, CamoTvlili qoneba TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis sakuTrebaa, magram qonebis sajaro

reestrSi registracia unda ganxorcieldes „sxvadasxva kategoriis qonebis gansazRvris wesis

Taobaze“ saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebebis mixedviT. rogorc wesi, sakuTrebis uflebis

registracia xorcieldeba uflebis damadasturebeli dokumentis, sakadastro monacemebis da

ekonomikis da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros Tanxmobis safuZvelze. Tavis mxriv, ekonomikis

saministros erTi Tvis vada aqvs (2010 wels vada Semcirda 14 dRemde) micemuli dasabuTebuli

gadawyvetilebis (Tanxmobis) misaRebad.

TviTmmarTvelobis problematikaze arsebuli kvlevebis analizi da sajaro reestris monacemebi

cxadyofs, rom municipalitetebs ZiriTadad aqvT daregistrirebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwa da qoneba. rac Seexeba sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwas, adgilobrivi

mniSvnelobis tyis da wylis resursebs, isini TviTmmarTvelobebs praqtikulad ar gadascemia

sxadasxva mizezis gamo. am mizezebs Soris aris xarvezebi sakanonmdeblo regulaciebSi, qonebis

20

Sesaxeb monacemebis nakleboba, inventarizaciis Cautarebloba, rac centraluri xelisuflebis

prerogativaa.

2010 wlis 8 agvistomde saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli ijariT gaucemeli saZovrebi ganekuT-

vneboda sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis erTaderT kategorias, rac adgilobrivi xelisu-

flebis sakuTrebad iTvleboda. Tumca TviTmmarTvelobis kanonSi Setanili cvlilebiT, munici-

palitetebi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gareSe darCnen.

administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis da decentralizaciis TvalsazrisiT Cveni ZiriTadi pri-

oritetebia:

1. administraciul- teritoriuli mowyobis TvalsazrisiT

• ordoniani mmarTveloba

unda Seiqmnas ordoniani TviTmmarTveloba:

pirveli done - istoriuli mxare, meore done - municipaliteti (yofili raioni). vinaidan

TviTmmarTvelobis mTavari ganmsazRvreli unda iyos TviTkmaroba, ufro qveda doneze vidre

municipalitetia, TviTmmarTvelobis Catana ararealurad gvesaxeba;

iseTi tradiciuli warmonaqmnebi, rogoricaa Temi da sofeli TviTkmarobis TvalsazrisiT ara-

sakmarisia realuri TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebisTvis, amitom Cven maT ganvixilavT ro-

gorc tradiciul, TviTmyofad da ara rogorc TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs. maTi sakanonmdeblo

doneze arsebobisTvis unda Seiqmnas safuZveli, ganesazRvroT qoneba, kompetencia, adgilobriv

biujetze xelmisawvdomoba da iseTi tradiciuli instituti, rogoric aris warmomadgeneli

piris arCeviToba.

TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs - mxares da municipalitets, mkacrad unda ganesazRvroT sakuTari

eqskluziuri da saxelmwifos mier gadacemuli delegirebuli da aseve, ziari kompetenciebi.

2. TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT

• sagadasaxado bazis gafarToeba

TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania saSemosavlo da mogebis ga-

dasaxadebi, romlebic pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli konkretul teritoriaze biznessaqmianobas-

Tan. maTi gadasaxadebi nawilobriv unda miemarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. es nabiji gazrdis

municipalitetebis finansur avtonomiurobas, aseve met stimuls gaaCens adgilobriv xelmZR-

vanelobaSi xeli Seuwyon biznesis ganviTarebas da investiciebis mozidvas. mizanSewonilia, rom

saSemosavlo gadasaxadis 80% da mogebis gadasaxadis 50% miimarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. is

municipalitetebi, romlebic biznesis kuTxiT naklebmimzidvelia da mwiri sagadasaxado baza

gaaCniaT, cxadia ver miiReben fiskalur efeqts. amitom maTi Semosavlebis Sevseba unda mox-

des gamoTanabrebiTi transferis meSveobiT. magaliTad, mas Semdeg, rac gaimijneba sakuTreba,

sofels unda hqondes ufleba qoneba gasces ijariT da ijariT gacemuli qonebis safasuri mieces

sofels;

• gamoTanabrebiTi transferis gadaxedva

mizanSewonilia gadaixedos gamoTanabrebiTi transferis gaangariSebis wesi. upirveles yovlisa,

aucilebelia ganisazRvros mizani, Tu ris gamoTanabrebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo – Semosav-

21

lebis, xarjebis, servisebis minimaluri zRvaris. aseve aucilebelia gamoTanabrebiTi transferis

gaangariSebaSi CarTul iqnan is servisebi, romelTa miwodebac warmoadgens TviTmmarTvelobebis

eqskluziur uflebamosilebas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sayofacxovrebo narCenebis utilizaciis,

janmrTelobis adgilobrivi da socialur-kulturuli RonisZiebebi da sxva servisebi. amasTan,

transferis gaangariSebisas amosavali principi unda iyos ara wina wlebis biujetebis Semosav-

lebi an xarjebi, aramed TandaTan unda gadaidgas nabijebi misawodebeli servisebis minimaluri

standartebis gansazRvrisaken. aucilebelia Sesabamisi statistikuri informaciis mopovebisa da

gamoyenebis sakiTxis daregulirebac. saxelmwifos xelT dRes arsebuli statistikuri informa-

cia mwiria an zog SemTxvevaSi ar asaxavs arsebul mdgomareobas (magaliTad, mosaxleobis statis-

tika). mcdari informacia Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs finansuri resursebis araTanabar ganawilebas.

• delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis dafinansebis wesis gansazRvra

aucilebelia Camoyalibdes saxelmwifos mier TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis delegirebuli ufle-

bamosilebebis dafinansebis wesi. saxelmwifom unda daadginos TiToeuli servisis Rirebuleba da

servisebiT mosargeble pirTa raodenoba municipalitetebis mixedviT. es saSualebas miscems ser-

visebis mimRebebs moiTxovon da miiRon xarisxiani momsaxureba, rac ufro prognozirebads gaxdis

municipalitetebis biujetebs, aseve maT sabiujeto cikls.

ar unda xdebodes municipalitetebis iZuleba sakuTari saxsrebidan daafinanson delegirebuli

uflebamosilebani. aseTi tipis Canawerebi xSirad gvxvdeba saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb kanonSi.

umjobesia Warbi saxsrebi, Tuki aseTi arsebobs, TviTmmarTvelobebma moaxmaron adgilobrivi

saWiroebebis dafinansebisTvis.

• specialuri transferis gaangariSeba

Camosayalibebelia specialuri transferebis gansazRvris wesi. vinaidan saxsrebi ZiriTadad

miemarTeba infrastruqturuli obieqtebis reabilitaciisTvis, romelic saxelmwifo xelisu-

flebis prioritets warmoadgens, mniSvnelovania dadgindes kriteriumebi, Tu ris mixedviT mox-

deba ama Tu im proeqtis dafinanseba, rogor da vis mier moxdeba proeqtis xarjTaRricxvis da

finansuri gaangariSebebis SemuSaveba, misi ganxilva, mowoneba da damtkiceba.

• saxelmwifo biujetSi arsebuli regionuli ganviTarebis fondis gankargvis wesi

aucilebelia Camoyalibdes saxelmwifo biujetSi arsebuli regionuli ganviTarebis fondis

gankargvis wesi. igi pirdapir unda daukavSirdes regionuli da municipaluri social-ekonomi-

kuri ganviTarebis gegmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli programebis da proeqtebis dafinansebis sakiTxs.

kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom saxelmwifo investiciebi regionebSi ver axdens gavlenas siRaribis Semci-

rebaze. mniSvnelovania rom regionuli ganviTarebis fondi swored adgilobrivi dasaqmebis da

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobisTvis iqnas gamoyenebuli.

3. TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis qonebis gadacemis TvalsazrisiT

• qonebis inventarizacia

dauyovnebliv unda moxdes qonebis decentralizacia da gaimijnos saxelmwifo da municipaluri

sakuTreba; yvela sofels ganesazRvros Tavisi teritoria, maT Soris saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi

arsebuli miwa, tye, mdinare, saZovrebi, wyali.

qonebis gadacemis procesis dasaCqareblad, upirveles yovlisa, unda ganxorcieldes misi in-

ventarizacia. es pirvel rigSi exeba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebs (yofili sakolmeurneo

22

tyeebi) da wylis resursebs. inventarizaciis saxsrebi unda gamoiyos saxelmwifo biujetidan da

mieceT TviTmmarTvelobebs inventarizaciis xarjebis dasafarad an es procedura unda ganxor-

cieldes uSualod ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros mier.

qonebis inventarizaciisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos 1.3 milioni lari, 20 aTasi

lari TiTo municipalitetze.

• sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa

garda inventarizaciis procesisa, saTanado cvlilebebi unda Sevides kanonmdeblobaSi („tyis

kodeqsi“, romelic mesakuTreTa CamonaTvalSi adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas ar moixseniebs;

„sajaro reestris Sesaxeb“ kanoni, sadac tye, rogorc uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa reestrSi regis-

tracias daqvemdebarebuli nivTi naxsenebi ar aris). aucileblad misaRebia mTavrobis dadgenile-

ba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wylis resursis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb, rac xels uSlis qonebis

identifikacias da Sesabamisad sakuTrebis uflebis registracias.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb kanonidan amosaRebia muxli, romelic

saqarTvelos prezidents aniWebs uflebamosilebas gaasxvisos TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba

pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT imis miuxedavad, aris Tu ara konkretuli nivTi sakrebulos mier damt-

kicebul qonebis privatizebis nusxaSi (me-191 muxlis me-9 punqti).

4. TviTmmarTvelobis safuZvlis gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT

• dasaxlebis statusi da funqciebi

miRebul unda iqnas specialuri kanoni soflis Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs mis statuss da

funqciebs, iseve rogorc qonebriv da finansur sakiTxebs.

pirvel rigSi unda ganisazRvros soflis, rogorc municipalitetSi Semavali administraciuli

erTeulis statusi da mniSvneloba. mizanSewonilia am kuTxiT gamoyenebul iqnas is gamocdileba

rac arsebobs TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi da daregulirebulia specialuri kanoniT 2007 wlidan

„binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagobebis Sesaxeb“. kanonis Tanaxmad binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagoba ar

aris iuridiuli piri, Tumca aqvs gancalkevebuli qoneba. mas SeuZlia Tavisi saxeliT SeiZinos

qonebrivi da araqonebrivi uflebebi da valdebulebebi. amxanagobis mizania saerTo sakuTrebis

movla-patronoba, eqspluatacia da ganviTareba.

analogiuri statusi da uflebamosileba unda mieniWos sofels. binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagobis

msgavsad soflis interesic naTelia: saerTo qonebis movla-patronoba da ganviTareba.

• sazRvrebi, qoneba da finansebi

statusis da funqciebis gansazRvrasTan erTad unda dadgindes dasaxlebebis administraciuli

sazRvrebi. administraciul sazRvrebis dadgena unda ganxorcieldes soflis/Temis/dabis isto-

riis da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mexsierebis mixedviT.

soflis/Temis/ dabis qonebis movla-patronoba soflis, dabis macxovrebelTa saerTo intere-

23

sia. municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qoneba (miwa, tye, mdinare) mflobelobaSi da sarge-

blobaSi unda gadaeceT dasaxlebebs. mniSvnelovania, rom kanonmdeblobaSi Sevides cvlilebebi,

rac municipalitets daavaldebulebs qonebis gankargvas mxolod soflis/Temis/dabis macxovre-

blebTan SeTanxmebiT.

rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, TviTmmarTvelobebs unda gaaCndeT sakuTari fuli.

TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania saSemosavlo da mogebis ga-

dasaxadebi, romlebic pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli konkretul teritoriaze biznes saqmianobas-

Tan, nawilobriv miemarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. es nabiji gazrdis municipalitetebis fi-

nansur avtonomiurobas, aseve met stimuls gaaCens adgilobriv xelmZRvanelobaSi xeli Seuwyon

biznesis ganviTarebas da investiciebis mozidvas. mizanSewonilia rom saSemosavlo gadasaxadis

80% miimarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. is municipalitetebi, romlebic biznesis kuTxiT nak-

lebmimzidvelia da mwiri sagadasaxado baza gaaCniaT cxadia ver miiReben fiskalur efeqts. ami-

tom maTi Semosavlebis Sevseba unda moxdes gamoTanabrebiTi transferis meSveobiT.

soflis/Temis/dabis qonebis movla-Senaxva ganviTarebisaTvis yvela dasaxlebas unda gamoeyos

saTanado finansebi. am kuTxiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli soflis daxmarebis programis saxsrebi,

romelic saxelmwifo biujetiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. amasTan saxsrebis prioritetebis mixedviT

gankargva mTlianad dasaxlebis kompetencias unda warmoadgendes.

garda soflis daxmarebis programisa, dasaxlebas unda gamoeyos municipaluri biujetidan dam-

atebiT saxsrebi, rwmunebul-mamasaxlisze dakisrebuli funqciebis, aseve dasaxlebis doneze ad-

gilobrivi servisebis miwodebisTvis. dasaxlebis finansuri resursebis marTvisaTvis, TiToeul

dasaxlebas municipalitetis doneze unda gamoeyos qveangariSi, sadac moxdeba maTi kuTvnili

saxsrebis darezerveba. dasaxlebis kuTvnili finansuri resursebis xarjva unda ganaxorcielos

municipalitetma rwmunebulis mimarTvis safuZvelze.

saqarTvelos specifikidn gamomdinare SesaZleblad migvaCnia diferencirebuli midgomebi kom-

petenciebis da finansebis TvalsazrisiT mTisa da baris da sasazRvro da ara sasazRvro raionebs

Soris.

• rwmunebuli-mamasaxlisi

TviTmmarTvelobis orive done uzrunvelyofili unda iyos pirdapiri sayovelTao, faruli

wesiT Catarebuli arCevnebiT.

municipalitetis yvela dasaxlebas unda hyavdes rwmunebuli-mamasaxlisi romelic 1 an 2 wlis

vadiT iqneba arCeuli dasaxlebis mosaxleobis mier. mamasaxliss unda daevalos yvela is funq-

cia romelsac amJamad asrulebs gamgeobis teritoriuli organos warmomadgeneli-rwmunebuli,

romelic gamgeblis mier aris daniSnuli. arCeul mamasaxliss aqvs gacilebiT meti politikuri

pasuxismgebloba da interesi warmoaCinos sakuTari dasaxlebis interesebi municipalitetis do-

neze, vidre es gamgeblis mier daniSnul warmomadgenels SeuZlia.

migracia da qveynis proporciuli ganviTareba (mTis daclis Tavidan acileba)

saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs migraciuli procesebi, romlis gamomwvevi mizezi qveynis arapro-

porciuli ganviTarebaa. Sedegad icleba mTeli rigi dasaxlebuli punqtebi, gansakuTrebiT

sazRvrispira da maRalmTiani zona. qveyanaSi moqmedma e.w. “mTis kanonma” faqtobrivad ver uz-

runvelyo aRmoefxvra disproporcia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis socialur-ekonomikur

ganviTarebaSi.

24

“axal memarjveneebs” migvaCnia, rom zogadad arasworia midgoma, rodesac mxolod zRvis doni-

dan garkveuli simaRle aris saxelmwifosTvis ganmsazRvreli gansakuTrebulad Seuwyos xeli

calkeuli dasaxlebebis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas. es midgoma unda Seicvalos. xeli

unda Seewyos yvela im regions, romelic miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes arsebuli parametrebiT ar

iTvleba maRalmTian zonad, sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo (sazRvris siaxlove, siSore qveyanaSi gama-

val centralur avtomagistralTan an sxva komunikaciebTan ( rkinigza, navsadguri, aeroporti da

sxv. ), Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili mTlian SromiT resursebSi, sasoflo-sameur-

neo daniSnulebis miwebis simcire, istoriuli mniSvleoba da sxva). ganicdis saWiroebas iyos

prioritetulad xelSewyobili.

Cveni mizani unda iyos industriuli centrebisken migraciis pirobebSi aseTi teritoriebis da-

carielebisgan dacva da iq mosaxleobisTvis normaluri cxovrebis pirobebis Seqmna.

migraciis SeCerebisa da qveynis araproporciuli ganviTarebis SeCerebis mizniT:

• unda Seicvalos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobis gansakuTrebuli reJimis

regionebis gansazRvris kriteriumebi;

• aseTi kriteriumebi unda iyos ara mxolod dasaxlebis mdebareoba zRvis donidan romelime

konkretul maRal niSnulze, aramed misi faqtobrivi mdgomareoba da saerTaSorisod aRiare-

buli sxva parametrebi, rogoricaa sazRvris siaxlove, siSore qveyanaSi gamaval centralur

avtomagistralTan an sxva komunikaciebTan ( rkinigza, navsadguri, aeroporti da sxv. ),

Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili mTlian SromiT resursebSi, sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwebis simcire, istoriuli mniSvneloba da sxv.

• aseTi parametrebiT unda moxdes saqarTvelos sxvadasxva dasaxlebebis Sefaseba da ganisaz-

Rvros gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis zonebi, ris Semdegac saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoiyos

saxsrebi am zonebis upiratesi socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis da CamorCenis aR-

mofxvrisTvis;

• sagangebo kanonmdeblobiT da saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebis gziT moxdes aseTi

zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa Tanamedrove moTxovnebisa da

momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT: sameurneo da socialur-kulturuli aqti-

vobis gaZliereba. mosaxleobis stiqiuri migraciis SeCereba. daclili da naxevrad daclili

soflebisa da Temebis aRorZineba. adgilobrivi resursebis ganviTareba, mrewvelobis ganvi-

Tareba, mosaxleobis dasaqmebis donis zrda, ekosistemebis SenarCuneba, gzebis mSenebloba da sxv.

• industriuli centrebisken migraciis pirobebSi aseTi teritoriebis dacarielebisgan dacvis

mizniT evropuli qveynebis msgavsad Seiqmnas specialuri fondebi, romlebic moizidaven

saxsrebs, gascemen SeRavaTian kreditebs, xels Seuwyoben sasoflo-sameurneo, satyeo, ferm-

eruli meurneobebis ganviTarebas.

25

Tavi III. sagareo politika - politika, romelsac endobian msoflioSi

sagareo politikaSi Cveni mizania xeli SevuwyoT qveynis mosaxleobis udidesi nawilis swrafvas

saqarTvelo iqces evroatlantikuri sivrcis nawilad.nato-Si gawevrianeba saqarTvelos us-

afrTxoebis stabiluri garantiaa.

saqarTvelos evropul demokratiad damkvidreba da misi integrireba evroatlantikur struq-

turebSi warmoadgens yvelaze saimedo gzas qveynis mSvidobiani da usafrTxo momavlis uzrunv-

elsayofad. Cven uzrunvelvyofT demokratiuli reformebis kursis gatarebas da ar daviSurebT

Zalisxmevas, raTa saqarTvelo daubrundes evropul ojaxs da gaxdes evroatlantikuri koleqti-

uri usafrTxoebis sistemis sruluflebiani wevri.

Crdiloeli mezoblis mier saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupaciam aSkara gaxada, rom ruseTi

Riad ebrZvis qarTuli saxelmwifosa da misi mSvidobiani, demokratiuli ganviTarebis kurss.

Seqmnil viTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba arsebuli safrTxeebis ganeitralebas,

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxardaWeris maqsimalurad gamoyenebas, qveyanaSi demokratiis gan-

viTarebas, Semdgom stabilur ekonomikuri zrdas da dasavlur institutebSi integracias.

aqedan gamomdinare, umTavres prioritets sagareo politikaSi warmoadgens:

saqarTvelos urTierToba aSS-Tan

• saqarTvelosTvis gadamwyvetia amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan TanamSromloba, rogorc qvey-

nis umniSvnelovanes strategiul partniorTan, romelic aqtiurad uWers mxars Cveni qveynis

suverenitetsa da teritoriul mTlianobas, qveyanaSi Zlieri demokratiuli institutebis

Camoyalibebas, sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebas;

evroatlantikuri integracia

• Cveni umTavresi mizania saqarTvelos gawevrianeba natoSi da evrokavSirTan daaxloeba;

• amave dros, saqarTvelo koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis sistemaSi unda iyos aramxolod benefi-

ciari: Cvenma qveynam ara marto unda isargeblos natos sikeTiT, aramed TviTonac Seitanos

Tavis wonadi wvlili blokis gaZlierebaSi;

• natos egidiT mimdinare operaciebSi qarTuli SenaerTebis mier sabrZolo amocanebis

warmatebiT Sesruleba, mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana msoflios cxel wertilebSi mSvido-

bis damyarebasa da stabilizaciaSi;

• evroatlantikur sivrceSi demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan partnioruli procesebis ganvi-

Tareba dafuZnebuli mSvidobis, Tanasworobis, urTierTTanamSromlobis principebze, Ria,

partnioruli da Tavisufali savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi yvela saxelmwifosTan da

saxelmwifoTa gaerTianebebTan, gansakuTrebiT amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan, evrokavSirTan

da regionis qveynebTan;

• evropis qveynebTan TanamSromloba, evropul ojaxSi adgilis damkvidreba, evropaSi us-

afrTxoebisa da stabilurobis ganmtkicebis procesSi aqtiuri monawileoba;

saqarTvelos urTierToba mezobel qveynebTan

• regionSi stabilurobisa da usafrTxoebis SenarCuneba da arsebuli uTanxmoebebis mSvido-

biani mogvareba, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobiT wvlilis Setana regionuli usafrTxoebis

ganmtkicebaSi;

26

• azerbaijanTan da somxeTTan istoriulad Camoyalibebuli keTilmezobluri urTierTobebi-

dan gamomdinare maTTan TanamSromlobis Semdgomi gaZliereba da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs

Soris urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba;

• saqarTvelosa da ukrainas Soris strategiuli TanamSromlobis gagrZeleba rogorc ormxiv,

ise mravalmxriv formatSi;

• TurqeTTan urTierTobis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba, politikur, savaWro - ekonomikur da energe-

tikulsferoebSi;

• transnacionaluri proeqtebis ganxorcielebis gamocdilebis gaRrmaveba, gansakuTrebiT en-

ergetikisa da transnportis sferoSi. saWiroa am tipis urTierTobebis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba,

erToblivi regionuli ekonomikuri proeqtebis dagegmva da realizacia;

urTierToba ruseTTan

ruseTis federaciis mier saqarTvelos teritoriis nawilis okupacia arRvevs Cvens suvereni-

tets, saxelmwifoebriobas da politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri destabilizaciis umniS-

vnelovanesi faqtoria. okupirebuli regionebis intensiuri militarizacia, kerZod, iq ruseTis

federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis saxmeleTo, sahaero da sazRvao nawilebis, aseve misi uSiSroe-

bis federaluri samsaxuris sasazRvro jarebis ganlageba xelyofs saqarTvelos, rogorc su-

verenuli saxelmwifos uflebebs, emuqreba mis da mTlianad regionis usafrTxoebas;

Cven vTvliT, rom 2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis federaciis samxedro agresiis saboloo mizani

saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupaciasTan erTad iyo saqarTvelos nato-Si gawevrianebis CaS-

la da qveynis sagareo-politikuri kursis kardinaluri Secvla. dResac arsebobs realuri

safrTxe, rom ruseTi Seecdeba saqarTvelos evroatlantikuri arCevanis realizaciisTvis xe-

lisSeSlas da qveynis rusul orbitaze ZaliT dabrunebas.

aqedan gamomdinare arsebobs axali rusuli agresiis riski.

• Cveni mizania am riskis Semakavebeli faqtorebis Seqmna da ukve arsebuli aseTi faqtorebis

gamoyeneba. (evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis yofna Cvens teritoriaze, amerikisa da civilize-

buli samyaros aqtiuri mxardaWera da a.S. )

• ruseTTan keTilmezoblobisa da Tanasworobis principebze dafuZnebuli urTierTobis

aRdgena ver moxdeba ruseTis federaciis mier saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da teritoriuli

mTlianobis pativiscemis da dakavebuli teritoriebis deokupaciis gareSe;

teritoriuli mTlianoba da deokupacia

yvelaze seriozuli gamowveva saqarTvelos winaSe misi suverenitetis SenarCuneba da teritori-

uli mTlianobis aRdgenaa.

saqarTvelo mowodebulia, aRidginos da SeinarCunos teritoriuli mTlianoba da uzrunvelyos

qveynis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli sazRvrebis dacva mis xelT arsebuli yvela samarTliani da

mSvidobiani saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

CvenTvis umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens drouli da efeqtiani nabijebis gadadgma,

romlebic mimarTuli iqneba mSvidobiani, saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze damyarebuli

meTodebiT qveynis teritoriebis deokupaciisken;

Cveni prioritetebi am mimarTulebiT iqneba:

• saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze damyarebuli, mSvidobiani gziT da saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis, saqarTvelos megobari qveynebis xelSewyobiT da daxmarebiT saqarTvelos

27

okupirebuli teritoriebis deokupacia, qveynis mTel teritoriaze suverenitetis aRdgena;

• saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis, evrokavSiris mxardaWeris SenarCuneba marionetuli re-

Jimebis araRiarebis politikis gagrZelebaSi da am regionebSi eTnikuri wmendisa da eTnikur

niadagze devnis faqtebis aRiareba.

• ruseTis federaciasTan principuli, Sedegze orientirebuli dialogi saqarTvelos okupire-

buli regionebis deokupaciis mizniT;

• evrokavSiris mier saqarTveloSi srulfasovani samSvidobo misiis ganxorcielebis miRweva,

romlis mandati realurad gavrceldeba qveynis mTel teritoriaze;

• saqarTvelos mier Zalis gamouyeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT 2008 wlis 12 agvistos ruseTsa

da saqarTvelos Soris cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT nakisri valdebulebebis Ses-

rulebis;

• konkretuli da qmediTi saqmianobas evrokavSiris „evropis samezoblo politikis“ farglebSi;

• aqtiuri Tavdacvis politikis gagrZeleba;

• qveyanaSi iseTi ekonomikuri politikis gatareba da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidre-

ba, romelic okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovrebi Cveni TanamoqalaqeebisTvis mimzidvels

gaxdis erTian saxelmwifoSi cxovrebas;

• deokupaciis Semdeg iq mcxovrebi mosaxleobis samoqalaqo reintegracia;

• iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da ltolvilTa mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilebze dabruneba,

maTi qonebrivi uflebebis aRdgena da usafrTxoebis garantiebis uzrunvelyofa;

• dialogi afxazebTan da osebTan, maTi erovnuli interesebis gaTvaliswineba:

Tavdacva, usafrTxoeba da SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

Tavdacvisa da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sferoSi Cveni mizania maRali teqnologiebiT aRWurvili,

natos standartebis Sesabamisi mobiluri SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Seqmna da iq anazRaurebis da

socialuri uzrunvelyofis dasavluri standartebis uzrunvelyofa.

am mimarTulebiT Cveni politika iqneba:

• samxedro savaldebulo gawvevis gauqmeba, armiis sruliad gadayvana sakontraqto principze,

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis optimizacia;

• anazRaurebis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis dasavluri standartebis danergva;

• SeiaraRebuli Zalebis biujetis 40-45%-is daxarjva socialuri sferosTvis;

• armiis gadaiaraReba da nato-s standartebze gadasvla, risTvisac: Tavdacvis biujetis 25-30

% da mSp-s minimum 2% gamoiyofa Tavdacvaze, etapobrivad Camoyalibdeba rezervis mraval-

safexuriani sistema;

ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba

• ekonomikis maRali tempiT stabiluri grZelvadiani zrdisTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna;

• adgilobrivi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis zrdis gziT qveynis sasursaTo damoukide-

blobis xarisxis amaRleba, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos importze damokidebulebis,

ucxour produqciaze fasis arasasurveli cvlilebebiT gamowveuli problemebis Tavidan

acileba;

• qveynis ekonomikis Tavisufali ganviTareba, saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ga-

farToeba, kapitalis mozidvisTvis saWiro sainvesticio garemos gaumjobeseba, mcire mTav-

robis principis SenarCuneba, konservatiuli fiskaluri da jansaRi monetaruli politikis

gatareba;

• makroekonomikuri stabilurobis ganmtkiceba;

• sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobeseba da gamartiveba;

28

• fiskaluri mdgradobis SenarCunebisTvis sabiujeto deficitis Tanamimdevruli Semcireba;

• konservatiuli fiskaluri da jansaRi monetaruli politikis gatareba, inflaciis minimal-

uri donis miRweva da SenarCuneba sajaro xarjebis Semcirebisa da saxelmwifo valis minimi-

zaciis gziT.

energetikuli usafrTxoeba

energetikuli usafrTxoebis politika saxelmwifo politikis ganuyofeli nawilia.qveynis en-

ergetikuli usafrTxoeba is umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia, romelsac sasicocxlo mniSvneloba

aqvs erovnuli usafrTxoebisa da keTildReobisaTvis. 21-e saukuneSi am TvalsazrisiT, saer-

TaSoriso arenaze mimdinare procesebSi saqarTvelos Tavisi gamokveTili roli gaaCnia, rasac

adasturebs qveynis teritoriaze mniSvnelovani energetikuli, satransporto da satranzito

magistralebis arseboba. saqarTvelos energetikuli usafrTxoebis politikis prioritetia en-

ergomomaragebis wyaroebisa da marSrutebis diversificireba da energoresursebis satranzito

qveynis statusis ganmtkiceba.

am mimarTulebiT Cveni strategiuli amocana iqneba:

• qveynis energodamoukideblobis ganmtkiceba;

• energiis wyaroebisa da transportirebis gzebis diversifikaciis gagrZeleba;

• Siga resursebis maqsimalurad aTvisebis, energosistemis Semdgomi modernizaciisa da ganvi-

Tarebis xelSewyoba da regionul energoinfrastruqturaSi integracia;

• saqarTvelos energetikuli potencialis gazrda;

• sufTa energiis wyaroebis ganviTareba da Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmna;

• hidroresursebis da ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ufro efeqtiania Tviseba;

eko-usafrTxoeba

eko - usafrTxoebis gareSe dRes warmoudgenelia qveynis mdgradi ganviTareba da ekonomikuri

winsvla. saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs

ufleba icxovros janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemoSi. aseTi garemos uzrunvelyofisTvis

sazogadoebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri interesebis Sesabamisad, axlandeli da momavali Tao-

bebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos garemos dacva da raciona-

luri bunebaTsargebloba.

am mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebi iqneba:

• bunebrivi procesebisa da adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnili krizisebis Tavidan ac-

ileba;

• saqarTvelos bunebrivi garemos, biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba;

• garemos dabinZurebis sawinaaRmdego efeqtiani RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da gatareba;

• haeris, wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis prevencia; tyis resursebis dacva, RonisZiebebi,

romlebic uzrunvelyofs ara moWrili xe-tyis gatanas, aramed adgilze damuSavebas da adgilobrivi

warmoebis ganviTarebas;

• qveynis teritoriis radioaqtiuri da sxva mavne narCenebisagan gawmendis samuSaoebis Cat-

areba; saqarTvelos bunebrivi simdidreebis araefeqturi gamoyenebis ekonomikuri da sakanon-

mdeblo barierebis Seqmna da ganmtkiceba

29

• Savi zRvis dabinZurebis prevencia;

• Tevzis Weris sferoSi xelovnuri barierebis mospoba qarTveli meTevzeebisTvis;

• erovnuli maregulirebeli normebis SemuSaveba da amoqmedeba;

• mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebis da dabinZurebuli teritoriebis inventarizacia, aseve

nagavsayreli poligonebis marTvis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli RonisZiebebis, moTxovnebisa

da maTi Sesrulebis gamkacreba, saukeTeso gamocdilebis danergva;

• Tanamedrove gamwmendi nagebobebis da sakanalizacio sistemebis mowyoba:

• nagvis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebis mSenebloba da nagvis gadamuSavebis da utilizaciis Taname-

drove sistemebis danergva;

• vadagasuli pesticidebis garemosTvis usafrTxo meTodebiT ganadgureba;

eqstremaluri bunebrivi movlenebis, bunebrivi katastrofebisa da maT mier gamowveuli riskebis

marTvis gaumjobeseba

ukanasknel wlebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad mosaxleobisTvis

miyenebuli zaralis masStabebi. es mianiSnebs, rom qveyanaSi ar aris danergili riskis zonebSi

monitoringisa da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebis muSaoba;

am mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebi iqneba:

• riskis zonebSi monitoringisa da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebis danergva;

• bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciebisaTvis samoqmedo gegmebis Se-

muSaveba;

• prevenciuli RonisZiebebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba;

• Zveli qarsafrebis aRdgena da axlis gaSeneba iq, sadac es aucilebelia soflis meurneo-

bisaTvis;

• setyvis Rrublis daSlis Tanamedrove sistemebis gamoyeneba;

sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba

sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis sistemaSi gatarebulma reformebma da pirvel rigSi, sapatru-

lo policiis SemoRebam qveyanaSi uzrunvelyo sazogadoebrivi wesrigis damyareba, magram arse-

bobs problemebi, pirvel rigSi policiis politizeba, ukiduresi centralizacia. ar arsebobs

Sss-s sazogadoebrivi kontrolis meqanizmi.

am sferoSi gavatarebT Semdeg reformebs:

• policiis depolitizeba, politizebuli Zalovani struqturebis nacvlad, politikurad da-

moukidebeli da miukerZoebeli policiisa da usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis Seqmna;

• struqturuli reorganizacia - municipaluri policiis Camoyalibeba;

• Sss-ze sazogadoebrivi kontrolis meqanizmis amoqmedeba;

• prokuroris usazRvrod didi diskreciis SezRudva;

30

Tavi IV. arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da biznes garemo

1. makroekonomikuri garemo

a. mTliani Sida produqti (mSp)

2004 wlidan dRemde qveyanaSi ganxorcielebuli ekonomikuri politikis efeqturobis Sefasebis

mTavar indikatorad saxelisuflebo organoebis mier mSp-s maCveneblebis zrdaSi gamoxatuli eko-

nomikuri zrda saxeldeba. am TvalsazrisiT, oficialur statistikaze dayrdnobiT mSp-s realuri

zrdis maCvenebeli da Sesabamisi makroekonomikuri parametrebi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

mSp mimdinare fasebSi (mln. lari) 11620,9 13789,9 16993,8 19074,9 17986 20791,3 24229,1

mSp 2003 wlis fasebSi (mln. lari) 9935,6 10868 12208,8 12491,4 12019,7 12785,1 13659,4

mSp-is realuri zrda (%) 109,6 109,4 112,3 102,3 96,2 106,4 107,0

mSp deflatori (%) 107,9 108,5 109,7 109,7 98,0 108,7 109,2

mSp 1 sulze mimdinare fasebSi (lari) 2689,1 3133,1 3866,9 4352,9 4101,3 4686,5 5421,4

mSp 1 sulze mimdinare fasebSi (aSS $) 1483,5 1763,5 2314,6 2921,1 2455,2 2629 3215,4

mSp mimdinare fasebSi (mln. aSS $) 6411 7761,7 10171,9 12800,5 10767,1 11663,4 14370,4

wyaro: geostat.ge

aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo wlebSi ekonomikuri zrda, ZiriTad, Semdeg faqtorebs efuZneboda:

• pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi;

• saxelmwifo xarjebis zrda.

ucxour investiciebad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis privatizaciisa da mesakuTreTa

Secvlisas dafiqsirebuli finansuri nakadebi iTvleba. aRniSnuli procesis erTgvari negatiuri

mxare aris is, rom investiciebis saxiT qveyanaSi Semodinebuli saxsrebis mxolod umniSvnelo, mci-

re nawili Tu aisaxa axali aqtivebis Seqmnaze, maT Soris ZiriTadi kapitalis moculobis da mwar-

moeblurobis zrdaze. ganxorcielebuli investiciebis ZiriTadi nawili saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi

arsebuli aqtivebis SeZenaze modis. xolo, rac Seexeba saxelmwifo danaxarjebis zrdas, es, ufro

metad, ekonomikis legalizaciis xarisxis zrdisa da fiskaluri Semosavlebis zrdis Sedegia.

ekonomikisa da biznesis sxvadasxva dargis mSp-s maCveneblis zrdis tendencias Tundac zedapiru-

lad Tu davakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom zrdas hqonda mkveTrad gamoxatuli araTanabarzomieri

dargobrivi tendencia da aRniSnuli zrda ZiriTadad mxolod 3-4 dargis mkveTri zrdiT iyo

ganpirobebuli. es exeba samTo-mopovebiT mrewvelobas, gadamamuSavebel mrewvelobas da safinanso

saqmianobas. rac, am dargebSi zrdis mravalwliani tradiciuli tendenciebis SenarCunebiT aris

gamowveuli. aRniSnuli tendencia gansakuTrebulad kargad qveynis sagadamxdelo balansis da

eqsport-importis struqturis analizis dros Cans.

mSp da misi gamoyeneba mimdinare

fasebSi (milioni lari)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

dRg da mTliani Sida produqti

mTliani damatebuli Rirebuleba

sabaziso fasebSi

8 041,9 8 989,6 10 284,5 12 046,9 14 611,1 16 521,8 15 546,3 18 062,3

(+) gadasaxadebi produqtebze 578,3 892,1 1 397,3 1 800,6 2 454,3 2 639,3 2 530,9 2 834,3

(-) subsidiebi produqtebze 56,1 57,3 60,8 57,6 71,6 86,3 91,3 105,3

(=) mSp sabazro fasebSi 8 564,1 9 824,3 11 620,9 13 789,9 16 993,8 19 074,9 17 986,0 20 791,3

mSp-s gamoyeneba

xarjebi saboloo moxmarebaze 7 028,8 8 573,8 9 794,1 12 972,0 15 731,9 19 595,8 19 075,2 20 163,3

Sinameurneobebi 6 129,8 7 148,5 7 719,7 10 803,5 11 952,7 14 582,3 14 600,4 15 703,1

31

Sinameurneobebis momsaxure ara-

komerciuli organizaciebi

62,8 46,2 60,5 52,4 61,3 77,2 75,4 89,2

saxelmwifo marTvis organoebi 836,2 1 379,1 2 014,0 2 116,0 3 717,9 4 936,3 4 399,5 4 371,0

individ. saqoneli/momsaxureba 411,9 587,5 978,6 640,0 714,7 866,0 900,5 1 066,5

koleqtiuri momsaxureba 424,4 791,6 1 035,3 1 476,0 3 003,2 4 070,2 3 499,0 3 304,5

(+) mTliani kapit-is formireba 2 682,3 3 134,8 3 891,5 4 255,3 5 447,5 4 951,6 2 342,9 4 060,6

ZiriTadi kapitalis mTliani

formireba

2 283,6 2 697,3 3 261,4 3 524,2 4 370,5 4 098,5 2 755,4 3 592,0

maragebis cvlileba 398,7 437,5 630,1 731,1 1 077,0 853,1 -412,5 468,7

faseulobis SeZena, wminda .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(+) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

eqsporti

2 726,6 3 100,1 3 921,9 4 532,1 5 303,0 5 459,2 5 348,9 7 234,8

saqonlis eqsporti 1 777,4 2 073,2 2 665,7 2 956,2 3 479,5 3 586,5 3 163,5 4 385,3

momsaxurebis eqsporti 949,2 1 026,9 1 256,2 1 576,0 1 823,6 1 872,7 2 185,5 2 849,5

(-) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

importi

3 975,6 4 733,6 5 992,7 7 862,6 9 848,0 11 140,4 8 801,3 10 872,5

saqonlis importi 3 142,0 3 813,9 4 861,2 6 573,8 8 295,2 9 303,7 7 172,9 8 971,4

momsaxurebis importi 833,6 919,7 1 131,4 1 288,7 1 552,8 1 836,7 1 628,4 1 901,0

(+) statistikuri gansxvaveba 101,9 -250,8 6,0 -106,9 359,3 208,6 20,2 205,0

(=) mSp sabazro fasebSi 8 564,1 9 824,3 11 620,9 13 789,9 16 993,8 19 074,9 17 986,0 20 791,3

wyaro: geostat.ge

mTliani Sida produqtis gamoyenebis analizi ZiriTadi kategoriebis mixedviT gvaCvenebs, rom

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara mSp-s zrdisTvis axali mamoZravebeli segmentebis gamov-

lena da ekonomika, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganicdis zrdas, ar viTardeba (zrda, ganviTarebis

gareSe). amavdroulad, ar izrdeboda riskebis mimarT saxelmwifoebrivi imuniteti da ekonomika

ufro metad damokidebuli xdeboda saerTaSoriso bazrebze arsebul koniunqturaze.

b. monopoliebi

dRes biznesis TiTqmis yvela sfero monopolizebulia da swored amis gamoa, rom qveyanaSi wa-

mali, sawvavi, transporti da TiTqmis yvela saxis produqti katastrofulad Zviria. monopo-

liebi mniSvnelovnad aZvirebs cxovrebas, zogadad xels uSlis mcire da saSualo biznesis ganvi-

Tarebas, rac Tavis mxriv ZiriTadi mizezia samuSao adgilebis totaluri deficitisa.

monopoliebis da Sesabamisad wamlebze, sawvavze, kvebis da pirveladi moxmarebis produqtebze

maRali fasebis dawesebis, cxovrebis gaZvirebis da umuSevrobis Tema erTnairad mtkivneulia ro-

gorc qalaqis mosaxleobisaTvis, aseve soflad mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis. dRes monopoliebisgan

gamowveuli problemebi qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis umTavres Tavis tkivilad iqca.

romel sferoSic ar aris monopolia, iq biznesic warmatebiT viTardeba da fasebic dabalia.

g. siRaribis zRvari, saarsebo minimumi

Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom samomxmareblo fasebSi SeiniSneba Zalian uaryofi-

Ti tendencia - sxva kategoriebTan SedarebiT gansakuTrebiT didi zrda fiqsirdeba kvebis da

soflis meurneobis produqtebze, janmrTelobis dacvis seqtorSi, transportze, komunalur da

saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi. amavdroulad, mosaxleoba da Sinameurneobebi Tavisi Semosav-

lebis didi nawiliT damokidebuli gaxdnen saxelmwifos saxarjo politikaze. maTi saerTo Semo-

savlebis wilSi Semcirda sakuTriv warmoebuli, da sagrZnoblad gaizarda saxelmwifos monawile-

obis xvedriTi wili, rogorc daxmarebebis da subsidiebis nawilSi, aseve saxelmwifo dakveTebis

kuTxiT.

aRniSnulma tendenciam mkveTrad uaryofiTad gansakuTrebiT siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi

32

mosaxleobis da sazogadoebis dausaqmebeli nawilis social-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze imoqmeda.

radgan, sazogadoebis es nawili sakuTari Semosavlebis, danazogebis an saojaxo biujetis udides

nawils swored kvebis pirveladi produqtebis, medikamentebis da komunaluri servisebis SeZenaze

xarjavs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom 2004 da 2007 wlebSi moxda saarsebo minimumis gadaxedva aucilebelad mis-

aRebi minimaluri kaloriebis Semcirebis kuTxiT da rbilad rom vTqvaT, sagrZnoblad gansxvave-

buli statistika miviReT.

2004 – 2011 wlebi 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Sromisunariani asakis ma-

makacis saarsebo minimumi

(lari)

96,2 98,3 120,3 115,9 130,7 126,1 149,6 156,9

wyaro: geostat.ge

2012 weli I II III IV V VI

Sromisunariani asakis mamaka-

cis saarsebo minimumi (lari)

157,2 156,2 155,3 154,1 150,1 149,0

wyaro: geostat.ge

2004 wlidan saarsebo minimumi axali, ukve Secvlili minimaluri sasursaTo kalaTis mixedviT

iangariSeba. sasursaTo kalaTis Semadgenlobis Secvlas zogjer meTodologiur cvlilebas

uwodeben, rac principuli Secdomaa, vinaidan gaangariSebis meTodologia ucvlelia. Secvlilia

mxolod parametrebi.

2004 wlamde da 2004 wlidan moqmedi saarsebo minimumis safuZvlad gamoyenebuli minimaluri sa-

sursaTo kalaTa arsebiTad gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, rogorc energetikuli Rirebulebis,

ise Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiT. zedapiruli analizis safuZvelze SiZleba davaskvnaT, rom

saarsebo minimumis Semcireba sasursaTo kalaTis kvebis energetikis 2500–dan 2300 kilokalori-

amde Semcirebam ganapiroba. es, cxadia, gamoiwvevda Semcirebas, magram ara iseTs, rogorc dRes

arsebul tendenciebSia.

saarsebo minimumis Semcirebis ZiriTadi mizezi minimaluri sasursaTo kalaTis Semadgenlobaa,

romelic 2004 wlis cvlilebis Semdeg ufro iafi produqtebisagan Sedgeba da sadac ZiriTadad

purproduqtebi dominirebs, xolo xorci, Tevzi da SedarebiT Zvirad Rirebuli kaloriuli

produqtebi naklebadaa warmodgenili. Sedegad, miviReT suraTi, roca dRes arsebuli minimal-

uri sasursaTo kalaTa eqspertuli SefasebiT 30-40%-iT mainc naklebi Rirebulebisaa, vidre misi

realuri maCvenebeli.

d. dasaqmebis politika. umuSevroba

sayuradRebo detalia: ekonomikuri zrda qveyanaSi upirveles yovlisa dasaqmebis maCvenebelze

unda aisaxos. anu, investiciebis moculobis da axali sawarmoo simZlavreebis zrdam pirda-

pirproporciulad axali samuSao adgilebis gaCena da umuSevrobis maCveneblis Semcireba unda

gamoiwvios. am mxriv, erTgvari paradoqsuli situaciaa saqarTveloSi. ekonomikuri zrdis (mSp-s

maCvenebeli) paralelurad dasaqmebis maCvenebeli araTu gaizarda, piriqiT Semcirda da umu-

Sevrobis oficialuri maCvenebelic ki, 2004 wlidan 2010 wlamde 12,6%-dan 16,3%-mde gaizarda.

Tumca, 2011 wels oficialuri statistikuri informacia umuSevrobis donis 15,1%–mde Semci-

rebis tendencias afiqsirebs.

33

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

samuSao Zala (aTasi kaci) 2041 2023,9 2021,8 1965,3 1917,8 1991,8 1944,9 1959,3

dasaqmebuli (aTasi kaci) 1783,3 1744,6 1747,3 1704,3 1601,9 1656,1 1628,1 1664,2

umuSevari (aTasi kaci) 257,6 279,3 274,5 261 315,8 335,6 316,9 295,1

umuSevrobis done (%) 12,6 13,8 13,6 13,3 16,5 16,9 16,3 15,1

wyaro: geostat.gekerZo da sajaro seqtorebs Soris dasaqmebulTa ricxovnobis Tanafardobas raime saxis serio-

zuli cvlileba ar ganucdia. realur kerZo seqtorSi daqiravebiT momuSaveTa ricxvi praq-

tikulad ar gazrdila, aseve, ucvlelia „TviTdasaqmebulTa“ didi wili da misi absoluturi

maCvenebeli. mcire cvlilebebi, romelic saxezea, statistikuri cdomilebis, aRricxvianobis da

statistikis Selamazebis farglebs TiTqmis ver scdeba. amitom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom deklari-

rebuli „ekonomikuri zrda“ Sromis bazarze TiTqmis ar aisaxa, rac Tavad am aRmavlobis Tezas

seriozuli kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs.

oficialuri inoformaciiT (~saqstati~), saqarTveloSi 2012 wlis monacemebiT umuSevrobis

maCvenebeli 15,1%-ia. aseT maCvenebels ZiriTadad ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom umuSevrobis

arsebuli maCvenebeli „Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis“ kriteriumiTaa daangariSebuli. am

kriteriumis mixedviT, dasaqmebulad iTvleba yvela, vinc gamokiTxvis wina periodis ganmav-

lobaSi Tundac erTi saaTi mainc muSaobda fuladi an naturaluri Semosavlis miRebis mizniT.

am kriteriumiT, dasaqmebulebSi xdeba e.w. sasoflo TviTdasaqmebulebis gaTvaliswinebac, anu

sakuTar sakarmidamo nakveTze momuSave adamianebi, romelTa dasaqmebis sferoc met wilad saku-

Tari moxmarebis da saojaxo moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis mizniT organizebuli naturaluri

soflis meurneobaa, Semdgomi ganviTarebis nulovani perspeqtiviT.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis kri-

teriumiT daangariSebuli umuSevrobis maCvenebeli dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis analizis mxolod

pirveli safexuria. analizis Semdgomi etapebi moicavs iseTi cnebebis da komponentebis kvlevas

da aRricxvas, rogorebicaa: arasruli dasaqmeba, faruli umuSevroba, dasaqmebis efeqturoba da

a.S. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, ukve TvalnaTliv Cans, rom saqarTveloSi realuri suraTi

oficialur statistikur suraTTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT ufro mZimea.

amasTan, sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom saqarTveloSi Zalian maRalia ekonomikis dargebs

Soris arsebuli disbalansi. bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi dasaqmebis arsebuli struqtura praqtiku-

lad ar Secvlila. amavdroulad, sakmaod dabalia ekonomikis im dargebis xvedriTi wili, sadac

dasaqmeba maRalefeqturia.

TviTdasaqmebis aseTi asimetriulad maRali xvedriTi wili, gansakuTrebiT ki, sasoflo sameur-

neo sferoSi arsebuli resursebis asimetriuloba (mSp-Si soflis meurneobis xvedriTi wili

- 7,3%, qveyanaSi nominalur dasaqmebaSi soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili - 50%,

qveynis mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobaSi soflad mcxovrebTa xvedriTi wili - 47%), saqarT-

velos ekonomikis mTavari daavadebaa, romelic sakmaod mwvave socialuri daavadebebis gamom-

wvevi mizezia.

e. inflacia

qveynisTvis bolo wlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamowveva iyo da aris inflacia. saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli araefeqturi politikis, rogorc monetaruli, ise fiskaluri

politikis Sedegad qveyanaSi inflaciam, gansakuTrebiT sursaTis da medikamentebis fasebze,

transportsa da komunalur momsaxurebaze, 2010 wlis da 2011 wlis pirveli naxevris periodSi

ukve saxifaTo zRvars miaRwia. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli bankis mkacri monetaruli

politikis Sedegad 2011–2012 wlebis periodisTvis SesaZlebeli gaxda inflaciis aRmavali

34

maCveneblis „moTokva“ da 2012 wlis dasawyisisTvis wliuri inflaciis oficialuri statisti-

kuri maCveneblis 2%–mde, xolo 2012 wlis ivnisis monacemebiT uaryofiT maCveneblamde (–0,2%)

Semcireba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom 2011 wlis meore naxevridan 2012 wlis ivnisis CaTvliT inflaciuri proce-

sebis marTvis kuTxiT dadebiTi tendenciebi fiqsirdeba, ar arsebobs garantia imisa, rom infla-

ciis dabali maCvenebeli SenarCundeba. aRniSnuls ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom xelisufle-

bas ar aqvs gacnobierebuli inflaciis masStabis social–ekonomikuri Sedegebi da naklebad

grZnobs pasuxismgeblobas mosaxleobis socialurad daucveli nawilis winaSe. anu, maTze, visac

inflaciuri procesebi ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobaSi ayenebs da, rac yvelaze sagangaSoa, ar

gaaCnia inflaciis grZelvadiani marTvis erTiani samTavrobo programa. qveyanaSi inflaciis

da pirveladi moxmarebis produqtebsa da servisebze fasebis zrdis mTavar maprovocirebel da

ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad, sxva gare faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semdegi sami ZiriTadi mizezi

gvevlineba:

• biujetis deficiti da mniSvnelovnad gaberili xarjviTi politika. sayovelTaod cnobilia,

rom swored deficituri biujeti da gaberili saxelisuflebo xarjebia qveyanaSi inflaciis

gamomwvevi erT–erTi ZiriTadi mizezi;

• monopoliebis Tema. dResdReobiT did saidumlos ar warmoadgens, rom benzinis, puris

fqvilis, xorblis, Saqris, zeTis, marilis, farmaciis da sxva farTo moxmarebis produqtebis

importi, mxolod saxelisuflebo wreebTan daaxloebuli biznes stuqturebis mier xorciel-

deba, rac maT maRali mogebis miRebis mizniT monopoliurad maRali fasebis xelovnurad

dadgenis da bazarze axali moTamaSeebis Tavisufali SeRwevadobis pirobebis SezRudvis saSu-

alebas aZlevs;

• biznesis terori da sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna. swored winaswari patimrobis meSveobiT

moaxerxa prokuraturam saqarTveloSi biznesmenebis dateroreba da aseulobiT milioni

laris erTgvari gamoZalva biznes seqtorisagan, rac Tavis mxriv, xSir SemTxvevaSi, swored am

biznesebis gakotrebis, gaCerebis an/da biznes saqmianobis Seferxebis mizezi gaxda.

meores mxriv, ganxorcielebuli samomxmareblo ekonomikuri politika, iTvaliswinebda xelovnu-

rad gamyarebul erovnul valutas. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamyarebuli gacvliTi kursi xels uwy-

obs importis zrdas, eqportis zrdas igi xels uSlis da mniSvnelovnad azaralebs adgilobriv

warmoebas. amis magaliTia is, rom bolo perodSi qveynis savaWro saldo mkveTrad uaresdeboda,

magram saxelmwifos sabiujeto Semosavlebi mkveTrad iyo damokidebuli savaWro seqtorze da

qmediTi nabijebis gadadgma mosalodneli ar iyo.

wyaro: geostat.ge

35

ekonomikuri zrdis da pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis maRali maCveneblis fonze inflaciis

2007 wlis 11%-iani maCvenebeli qveynis ekonomikisaTvis katastrofuli xasiaTis namdvilad ar

iyo. 2009 wlidan ki, saxelmwifo xarjebis mniSvnelovanma zrdam da mTavrobis mier araefeqturi

xarjviTi politikis gatarebam inflaciuri procesis erTgvari provocireba moaxdina da erovnu-

li valuta mkveTrad gaufasurda. oficialuri statistikuri informaciiT 3%-dan (2009 weli)

11,2%-mde (2010 weli) mkveTri zrda dafiqsirda. 2010 wlidan gaufasurebis tendencia kvlav

gagrZelda da 2011 wlis ivnisis Tvis mdgomareobiT 14,4% Seadgina, riTac mniSvnelovnad gaus-

wro TviT 2007-2008 wlis maCveneblebsac ki.

zrdadi inflaciuri foni 2012 wlis ivnisSi gamkacrebuli monetaruli politikis Sedegad marT-

vadi gaxda da am periodidan fiqsirdeba misi maCveneblis Semcirebis tendencia.

wyaro: geostat.ge

qarTuli laris gaumarTlebeli gamyareba, romelmac ar gamoiwvia samomxmareblo fasebis Sem-

cireba, kidev erTi Zalian wonadi argumentia imisa, rom saqarTveloSi 2007-2008 wlebSi adgili

hqonda e.w. „holandiur daavadebas“. amis aRmosafxvrelad ki, raime qmediTi nabijis gadadgma

ar xdeboda da dResac ar xdeba. yovelive es, ufro aRrmavebs farul krizisul fons, kvlav

rCeba aRniSnuli krizisuli risk-faqtorebis momavalSi talRiseburi ganviTarebis mometebuli

safrTxe da rac bunebrivia, samomavlod mTavrobis mxridan myisier gadawyvetilebas ufro

rTuls xdis. aRniSnuli ki, Sesabamisad negatiurad aisaxeba gatarebuli antiinflaciuri da an-

tikrizisuli politikis efeqturobaze.

Semdgomi periodisaTvis inflaciis kontroli da efeqturi monetaruli instrumentebis gamoy-

eneba efeqturi inflaciuri politikis ZiriTad pirobas warmoadgens. samwuxarod kvlav maRalia

imis riski, rom qveyanaSi provocirebuli iqnes maRalinflaciuri tendenciebi, rasac Semdegi

faqtorebi ganapirobebs:

• biujetis xarjviTi politika – sabiujeto deficiti da sabiujeto xarjebis maRali done;

• minopoliebis Tema – xelisuflebis mxridan monopolisti kompaniebisadmi loialuri

damokidebuleba da saxelmwifo proteqcionizmi maT mimarT, rac pirdapir negatiurad aisaxe-

ba kvebis produqtebis, pirveladi da strategiuli moxmarebis produqtebis fasze, komu-

nalur da satransporto danaxarjebze;

36

• adgilobrivi warmoebis, maT Soris soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebis da eqsportze

orientirebuli warmoebis dabali done da dabali SesaZlebloba konkurencia gauwion im-

ports da Caanacvlon importirebuli produqcia da momsaxureba adgilobrivi analogebiT.

2. seqtoruli ekonomika

ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoris mixedviT mSp-s ganawileba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:

ekonomikis dargi 2009 weli xvedriTi

wili%

2010 weli xvedriTi

wili%

soflis meurneoba, nadiroba, satyeo

meurneoba

1 457,1 8,1 1 518,3 7,3

mrewveloba 1387,2 7,7 1974,3 9,5

mSenebloba 1 004,3 5,6 1 139,2 5,5

vaWroba 2 344,1 13,0 3 006,0 14,5

sastumroebi da restornebi 346,4 1,9 435,2 2,1

transporti / komunikacia 1 746,3 9,7 2 097,2 10,1

saxelmwifo mmarTveloba 2 457,6 13,6 2 343,1 11,3

janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri

daxmareba

1 021,4 5,7 1 199,4 5,8

mSp sabaziso fasebSi (milioni lari) 15 546,3 18 062,3

(+) gadasaxadebi produqciaze 2 530,9 2 834,3

(-) subsidiebi produqciaze 91,3 105,3

mSp sabazro fasebSi (milioni lari) 17 986,0 100 20 791,3 100

wyaro: geostat.ge

dRes arsebuli statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoris mixedviT

mSp-s ganawilebis tendenciis da dinamikis kidev ufro siRrmiseuli analizi da maTi wina wlebis

monacemebTan Sedareba cxadyofs, rom bolo wlebSi mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi ekonomikis saerTo seq-

torulma suraTma mZlavri struqturuli cvlileba ganicada.

ekonomikis dargi 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010

mrewveloba 17.7 15.7 13.3 7.7 9.5

soflis meurneoba 19.3 14.8 10.2 8.1 7.3

transporti/komunikacia 13.9 12.4 11.5 9.7 10.1

mSenebloba 6.4 8.1 6.1 5.6 5.5

vaWroba 13.3 11.9 13.5 13.0 14.5

sastumroebi da restornebi 2.9 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.1

wyaro: geostat.ge

mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi qveyanaSi mkveTrad Semcirda soflis meurneobis, mrewvelobis xvedriTi

wili, xolo vaWrobis wili ki, sagrZnoblad gaizarda. met-naklebi stabilurobiT xasiaTdeba sa-

transporto seqtori, komunikaciebi da mSenebloba.

a. samrewvelo seqtori

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mrewveloba (absulutur cifrebSi) bolo aTwleulis gan-

mavlobaSi izrdeboda, misi xvedriTi wili mSp-Si 2003 wlidan 2011 wlamde 17,7%-dan 9,5%-mde

37

Semcirda. es tendencia imaze metyvelebs, rom qveyana srulad Tavisi samrewvelo potencialis

mxolod Zalze mcire nawils iyenebs. swored amis Sedegia is faqti, rom jarTi wlebis manZilze

qarTuli eqsportis umTavres sasaqonlo nomeklaturad Camoyalibda. samwuxaroa, rom es xdeboda

maSin, rodesac mrewvelobis zogierT tradiciul seqtorSi qveyanas aSkarad fardobiTi upirate-

soba gaaCnda, romelic bunebriv resursebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, miwisqveSa bunebrivi

resursebi, jer kidev iafi muSaxeli, geografiuli mdgomareoba da ase Semdeg.

Tu gavaanalizebT gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis zrdis tempebs qveseqtorebis mixedviT, davinax-

avT rom kvebis produqtebis, sasmelebis da Tambaqos produqciis warmoebis zrda bolo wlebSi

mxolod umniSvnelod moxda da am periodisTvis arsebuli inflaciis maCvenebelsac Tu gaviTval-

iswinebT, maSin SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom industriis es seqtori praqtikulad ar gazr-

dila. kvebis mrewvelobis da soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoeba-gadamuSavebis maCveneblis

nominaluri zrda seriozuli SeSfoTebis sagania da es ar aixsneba mxolod qarTul Rvinosa da

mineralur wylebze dawesebuli rusuli embargoTi. es ufro soflis meurneobis da pirveladi

produqciis gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis Rrma struqturul krizisze miuTiTebs.

b. sabanko seqtori

sabanko sistemis ganviTarebis tempebi da maCveneblebi sakmaod STambeWdavia. sabanko seqtorma

udidesi roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos ekonomikis zrdaSi (mSp-s zrda) da ZiriTad mamoZravebel

Zalad Camoyalibda.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi seqtoruli ekonomikis zrda, iseve rogorc ekonomikuri zrda, pirda-

pirproporciulia sabanko aqtivobisa yvela seqtorSi. gamonakliss mxolod mrewveloba da

soflis meurneoba warmoadgens, romlebic procentulad mTlianad sabanko aqtivobaSi mcired

dakreditebas iRebs.

sabanko seqtoris mier dafinanseba ZiriTadad vaWrobis, ipoTekuri operaciebis, mSeneblobis da

samomxmareblo sesxebis mimarTulebiT xdeba. sabanko dafinanseba da arasaxelmwifo investiciebi

faqtobrivad sinqronizirebulia da erTi da igive seqtorebs afinanseben, mciredi gansxvavebe-

biT. magaliTad, uZravi qonebis seqtorSi investiciebis udidesi wili uSualod mSeneblobaze

modis, xolo sabanko sesxebis didi portfeli ipTekur da samomxmareblo sesxebze. swored es

seqtorebi gaxda is ZiriTadi baza, romelic dRes mSp-s zrdis umTavresi agregatebia.

sabanko saqmianobis analizidan naTlad Cans am seqtoris miswrafeba swrafi da naklebad riskiani

brunvebis mimarT. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom es sabanko seqtoris bunebrivi qmedebaa. amiT

aixsneba seqtoruli ekonomikis ZiriTadad vaWrobis seqtoris dafinansebis prioritetuloba.

aRniSnuli ki iwvevs savaWro saqonlis importis operaciebis stimulirebas, ucxouri bazrebis

xarjze abalansebs adgilobriv moTxovnas da iwvevs vaWrobis seqtoris mzard dafinansebas, ro-

melic sabanko seqtorisgan damoukidebeli mizezebis gamo qveynis sagadasaxdelo balansis kidev

ufro gauaresebas emsaxureba.

g. soflis meurneobis seqtori

dargSi, romelTanac mosaxleobis naxevarze metis socialuri da ekonomikuri interesi pirdapi-

raa dakavSirebuli - aTwleulia mwarmoeblurobis TvalsazrisiT raime realuri zrda ar fiq-

sirdeba.

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis statistika da dinamika, kerZod ki, misi wili

mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi Semdeg suraTs gviCvenebs: 2003 weli - 19.3%; 2005 weli - 14,8%; 2007 weli -

10,2%; 2009 weli - 8,1%; 2010 weli - 7,3%.

38

saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba, romelzec mTliani nominaluri dasaqmebis 50%-ze meti modis,

magaliTad 2010 wels mSp-s mxolod 7,3%-s qmnis. es maCvenebeli calsaxad miuTiTebs soflis

meurneobaSi mwarmoeblurobis Zalze dabal doneze.

mzardi adgilobrivi moTxovnis miuxedavad, 2010 wlis agraruli seqtoris monacemebi wina wlebis

maCveneblebs mxolod mcirediT aRemateba. maSin rodesac, imave periodSi sxva dargebSi zrdam

gacilebiT maRali maCvenebeli Seadgina. kvebis mrewvelobis umTavresi problema saqarTveloSi

pirveladi sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis da misi Semdgomi gadamuSavebis mniSvnelovani gaum-

jobesebis ararsebobaa. am mxriv, yvelaze mTavari albaT is aris, rom qveynis xelisuflebisTvis

soflis meurneoba arasdros iyo prioritetuli dargi da am mimarTulebiT mizanmimarTuli da

kompleqsuri saxelmwifo politika da strategia dRemde ar SemuSavebula. Sesabamisad, ar arse-

bobs konkretuli RonisZiebebis erTiani gegma. Sedegad, soflis meurneobis seqtorma yvelaze na-

klebi transformacia ganicada sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT, igi jer kidev efuZneba ZiriTadad mxolod wvril saojaxo glexur meurneobebs,

Zalze umniSvneloa soflad kooperaciis roli, jer kidev sakmaod didi masStabebiT aris Senar-

Cunebuli erTgvari sabWouri gadmonaSTebi, rogorc teqnikuri da teqnologiuri, aseve mentaluri.

Sedegad qveyanaSi wliTiwlobiT mcirdeba sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis warmoeba, saqarT-

velo TiTqmis mTlianad damokidebuli gaxda importze. bolo wlebis monacemebiT importiT

Semodis xorblis 92%, mcenareuli cximis – 83%, frinvelis xorcis – 76%, Saqris 65%, Ro-

ris xorcis – 65%, bostneulis 30%–ze meti. aRar mimdinareobs muSaoba jiSTa gamocdis da

meTesleobis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. yvelaze Tamami eqspertuli gaTvlebiT 2012 wels saqa-

rTveloSi sasoflo–sameurneo miwebis mxolod 40%–ia damuSavebuli. saqstatis informaciiT,

gasul wels 260,5 aTasi heqtari miwa damuSavda, rac bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze

dabali maCvenebelia.

rogorc yvela sxva sferoSi, xelisuflebis politika agraruli seqtoris ganviTarebis, soflad

mcxovrebi adamianebis daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT mxolod zogadi frazebiT da propagandiT

Semoifargleba. xelisuflebas ar aqvs mkafio gegma, ar arsebobs detaluri informacia da aravin

icis realurad ra Tanxaa saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili soflis meurneobis ganviTarebi-

sTvis.

d. vaWroba

vaWroba da vaWrobis seqtorSi mimdinare reformebi calke aRebuli, SesaZloa bolo periodSi

ganxorcielebuli yvelaze warmatebuli reformebia. vaWrobis ganviTarebis statistika da din-

amika, kerZod ki, misi wili mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi Semdeg suraTs gviCvenebs: 2003 weli - 13.3%; 2005

weli - 11,9%; 2007 weli - 13,5%; 2009 weli - 13,0%; 2010 weli - 14,5%.

Tavisufali vaWrobis sistemis danergva, romelic dRes saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba, bunebrivia

misasalmebelia sazogadoebaSi keTildReobis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT. magram, amasTan erTad,

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom grZelvadian periodSi mSp-sTvis ar arsebobs calke

aRebuli importis stimulirebis dadebiTi mxareebi, xolo saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul poli-

tikas sworedac, rom mxolod importis stimulireba SeiZleba ewodos.

rogorc qveynis arsebuli sagadamxdelo balansis analizidan Cans, bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi ar aT-

visebula arcerTi axali saeqsporto seqtori avtomobilebis garda.

saqarTvelos didi SesaZleblobebi gauCnda evropis da amerikis bazarze sakuTari produqciis

saeqsportod. magram, es SesaZleblobebi da upiratesoba jer kidev ar aris srulfasovnad gamoy-

39

enebuli. bunebrivad, aqac saxelmwifos garkveuli maregulirebeli funqcis gamoyenebamde mi-

vdivarT, romelic man aucileblad unda Seasrulos.

saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo garemo srul SesabamisobaSi unda movides evrokavSiris konkuren-

tul politikasTan. Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekruleba (FTA) iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos

valdebuleba, romelic gansazRvrulia partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebiTa (PCA)

da evropis samezoblo politikis xelSekrulebiT (ENP AP), moiTxovs, rom partnior qveynebSi

arsebuli kanonmdebloba Seesabamebodes evropul sistemas konkurenciisa da momxmarebelTa

uflebebis dacvis sferoSi.

3. finansebi

a. fiskaluri politika

erT-erTi mTavari im reformebs Soris, romlebic saqarTveloSi 2004 wlis Semdeg ganxorcielda,

iyo sagadasaxado sistemis da kerZod, sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis reformireba. deklarire-

buli liberaluri ekonomikuri kursis asaxvas xelisufleba sagadasaxado kodeqsis arsebul

normebze Seecada. 2004 wels miRebuli iqna axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic 2005 wlis

pirveli ianvridan amoqmedda da amiT, 1997 wels miRebuli sagadasaxado kodeqsi gaauqma. Sem-

cirda gadasaxadebis raodenoba da gadaidga rigi nabijebi sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcirebis

da optimizaciis kuTxiT. Tumca, Semdgomma praqtikam aCvena, rom axalma sagadasaxado kodeqsma

is molodinebi, rac mis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebaSi iyo, praqtiku-

lad ver gaamarTla. aRniSnuli sami ZiriTadi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli:

• sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia Seexo gadasaxadebis arsebuli raodenobis da

ganakveTebis meqanikur Semcirebas, xolo sagadasaxado administrirebis nawili (sagadasaxado

kontroli da jarimebi) praqtikulad ucvleli da xisti darCa;

• sagadasaxado kodeqsi kvlav bundovani da Znelad gasagebi iyo mewarmeTa absoluturi umrav-

lesobisaTvis da igi kvlav iZleoda cnebebis da sagadasaxado procedurebis ormagi inter-

pretaciis saSualebas, rac fiskalur organoebs bunebrivad ubiZgebda subieqturi da xSir

SemTxvevaSi, mewarmeebisaTvis da zogadad biznesisTvis saziano gadawyvetilebebis miRebi-

saken;

• axal sagadasaxado kodeqsSi liberalur sagadasaxado politikis gatarebas, wesiT, sagadasaxa-

do tvirTis Semcireba unda mohyoloda, realurad ki sapirispiro Sedegi miviReT. magali-

Tad, Tu Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi 2005 wels 24,2% iyo, 2008 wels es

maCvenebeli 30,4%-mde gaizarda.

yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, 2010 wels xelaxla iqna miRebuli axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi,

romelic 2011 wlis pirveli ianvridan amoqmedda. axalma kodeqsma sagadasaxado miznebisaTvis

Semoitana mikro da mcire biznesis cneba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT gaamartiva sagadasaxado aR-

ricxvis sistema da sagadasaxado angariSgebis (sagadasaxado deklarireba) procedurebi, davebis

ganxilvis meqanizmi, pirvelad Seiqmna da amoqmedda sagadasaxado ombudsmenis instituti. Tumca,

sagadasaxado kodeqsSi arsebuli e.w. TeTri laqebi da xarvezebi mxolod nawilobrivaa gamos-

worebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom kodeqsi 2011 wlis pirvel ianvars amoqmedda, xelisuflebam

ukve 2011 wlis pirvel kvartalSive daiwyo saubari axlad miRebul sagadasaxado kodeqsSi cvli-

lebebis da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze da rigi cvlilebebi ganaxorciela kidec. Tumca, qveynis

samarTaldamcav organoebSi arsebuli e.w. „nulovani tolerantobis“ principi erTgvari trans-

formirebuli saxiT biznesisadmic „nulovani tolerantobis“ principad Camoyalibda. yovelive

amis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvlav aqtualur Temebad rCeba:

• xisti sagadasaxado administrirebis sakiTxi da sagadasaxado kontrolis is meTodebi, rom-

lebic mniSvnelovnad zRudavs mewarmeebs srulfasovnad ganaxorcielon samewarmeo saqmi-

40

anoba (daluqvebis da sawarmoo procesis SeCerebis Tema). aseve, adre moqmed sagadasaxado

kodeqsTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad gaizarda jarimebis raodenoba, xolo sajarimo sanqciebi

sagadasaxado darRvevebTan SedarebiT araadeqvaturad maRalia;

• subieqtivizmis momatebuli faqtoris gavlena fiskaluri organoebis mier gadawyvetilebebis

miRebis processa da procedurebze. anu, kvlav mniSvnelovnad maRalia sagadasaxado moxelis

adamianuri faqtori sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebis ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSire-

biT. maT Soris, sawarmos funqcionirebis SeCerebis, sawarmoo da sasawyobo maragebis da-

luqvis, sajarimo sanqciis dadebis, saqonlis an/da momsaxurebis sabazro fasis gansazRvris,

sagadasaxado davis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;

• sagadasaxado administrirebis da kontrolis meqanizmebis ganxorcielebis procedurebis

Sesaxeb bevri sakiTxi kvlav „sagadasaxado kodeqsis“ regulirebis miRma darCa da isev mraval-

ricxovani kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis (brZanebebi, instruqciebi, meToduri miTiTe-

bebi) regulirebis kompetencias warmoadgens. aRniSnuli ki, biznes seqtorisaTvis kidev ufro

bundovans da Znelad gasagebs xdis sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobas;

• fiskaluri organoebis xelSi salaro aparati kvlav sagadasaxado devnis da mewarmeTa dasjis

instrumentis funqciis matarebelia;

• warmoadgens ra aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Semadgenel nawils, sagadasaxado ombudsmenis

kompetencia, uflebrivi da valdebulebiTi mdgomareoba sakmaod SezRudulia. sagadasaxado

ombudsmenis institutis arsebuli modeli calsaxad mikerZoebuli da naklebad efeqturia.

Sesabamisad, igi srulfasovnad ver asrulebs gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa uflebebis dacvis

funqcias;

• mikro da mcire biznesis statusi mxolod fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebul samewarmeo

saqmianobaze gavrcelda da realuri mcire da mikro („mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ka-

noniT gansazRvruli sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebi) seqtori

faqtobrivad aRniSnuli statusis da masTan dakavSirebuli gamartivebuli sagadasaxado

reJimis miRma darCa.

b. sabiujeto politika

saqarTvelos 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2011 wlis dekemberSi

iqna miRebuli da gaangariSebisas mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli 2011 wlisaTvis ekonomikuri gan-

viTarebis saprognozo parametrebi, kerZod: ekonomikuri zrda, fasebis cvlileba, sagadasaxado

politika da axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi, sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobeseba da sxva

faqtorebi.

ekonomikuri zrdis riski (deficiti) dabalansebulia saxelmwifo valdebulebebis zrdiT, rac

mniSvnelovan wilad damokidebulia ucxour kapitalsa da finansur nakadebze.

2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis ZiriTadi parametrebi (Semosulobebi, Semosavlebi, gadasaxdele-

bi da xarjebi Semdegi odenobiT ganisazRvra:

• saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi - 8040,0 milioni lari.

• m.S. Semosavlebi – 6839,4 milioni lari;

• saxelmwifo biujetis gadasaxdelebi - 7940,3 milioni lari.

m.S. xarjebi – 6554,3 milioni lari.

„saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganx-

orcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi da gadasaxdelebi

Camoyalibda Semdegi odenobebiT:

• saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi - 8016,1 milioni lari.

• saxelmwifo biujetis gadasaxdelebi - 7915,4 milioni lari.

41

dasaxeleba 2010 wlis faqti 2011 wlis gegma 2012 wlis gegma

Semosulobebi 7,081,394.6 7,626,556.1 8,040,430.0

Semosavlebi 5,421,474.0 6,471,545.2 6,839,399.4

gadasaxadebi 4,592,367.6 5,775,000.0 6,300,000.0

grantebi 471,422.9 306,545.2 239,399.4

sxva Semosavlebi 357,683.4 390,000.0 300,000.0

gadasaxdelebi 6,972,343.7 7,569,732.2 7,940,430.3

xarjebi 5,466,466.8 6,029,421.0 6,554,288.3

Sromis anazRaureba 993,483.9 1,020,552.0 1,133,426.0

saqoneli da momsaxureba 881,586.6 924,387.0 918,801.6

procenti 200,663.3 284,620.3 335,358.0

subsidiebi 196,306.9 203,510.9 212,009.1

grantebi 1,099,637.0 1,252,331.4 1,185,748.9

socialuri uzrunvelyofa 1,481,067.6 1,580,670.9 1,691,160.9

sxva xarjebi 613,721.6 763,348.5 1,077,783.9

saoperacio saldo -44,992.9 442,124.2 285,111.1

wyaro: mof.ge

2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi ganisazRvra 6839,4 milioni laris odenobiT (2011

weli - 6,471,5 milioni lari). zrda ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad gadasaxadebis gegmis zrdiT, rom-

lis safuZvelsac axali sagadasaxado kodeqsiT gansazRvruli zogierTi gadasaxadis ganakveTis

zrda warmoadgens. agreTve, dabegvris arealis gafarToveba, gamkacrebuli sagadasaxado admin-

istrireba da inflaciis maCvenebeli, romelic gansakuTrebiT arapirdapiri gadasaxadebis saxiT

misaRebi Semosavlebis zrdas uwyobs xels.

2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT gansazRvruli xarjebis nawili 6554,2 milioni lars Seadgens

(2011 wels - 6,029,4 milioni lari). Sesabamisad, 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani saldo

ganisazRvra - 285,1 milioni laris odenobiT.

saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis da gadasaxadebis struqtura Semdeg saxes iRebs:

dasaxeleba 2011 weli 2011 wlis gegma 2012 wlis gegma

Semosavlebi 5, 421,474,0 6,471,545,2 6,839,399,4

gadasaxadebi 4,592,367,7 5,775,000,0 6,300,000,0

grantebi 471,422,9 306,545,2 239,399,4

sxva Semosavlebi 357,683,4 390,000,0 300,000,0

wyaro: mof.ge

gadasaxebi saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze 2,763,913,6 3,407,000,0 3,600,000,0

sayovelTao gadasaxadebi saqonelsa da

momsaxurebaze

2,203,093,2 2,786,000,0 3,036,000,0

dRg 2,203,093,2 2,786,000,0 3,036,000,0

aqcizebi 560,820,4 621,000,0 644,000,0

gadasaxadebi sagareo faqtorebisa da

sagareo-ekonomikuri operaciebze

70,382,9 92,000,0 108,000,0

importis gadasaxadi 70,382,9 92,000,0 108,000,0

sxva 63,103,0 39,000,0 45,000,0

wyaro: mof.ge

42

2011 welTan SedarebiT, 2012 wels gazrdilia biujetis Semosavlebis saprognozo moculoba

6471,5 milioni laridan 6839,4 milion laramde (zrda - 6,3%). 2012 wlis saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifo biujetis saprognozo gadasaxadebi gasul welTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 5775,0 milioni lari-

dan 6300,0 milion laramde (zrda - 10,5%).

zrda xarjebis TiTqmis yvela saxeobaSi fiqsirdeba, maT Soris, Sromis anazRaurebis nawilSi

zrdam 11% Seadgina, xolo socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebis nawilSi zrda mxolod 6%-ia.

gamodis, rom 2012 wlis biujetSi sajaro mosamsaxureebis Sromis anazRaurebis zrdis koeficien-

ti gacilebiT metia, vidre socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebis zrdis koeficienti. saxelmwifo

biujetis xarjebis nawilSi Sromis anazRaurebis zrdas ganapirobebs rogorc sajaro seqtorSi

axali saStato erTeulebis damateba, aseve Tavad Sromis anazRaurebis saSualo ganakveTis zrda.

bunebrivia, sajaro seqtorSi dasaqmebulTaTvis Sromis maRali anazRaureba da motivaciis faq-

tori Zalian mniSvnelovania. Tumca, sajaro finansebSi arsebuli problemuri mdgomareobis gaT-

valiswinebiT da e.w. „qamrebis SemoWeris“ politikis (Belth Tinghtening Policy) gatarebis aucile-

blobis pirobebSi, aseTi prioritetis gamokveTa aramizanSewonilia.

saqarTvelos 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis monacemebis Tanaxmad, mTlian SemosavlebSi ga-

dasaxadebis wili 91,1%-ia. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli 2011 wlisaTvis 89,6%–s, 2010 wlisTvis 84,6%-

s, 2008 wlisTvis - 81,8%-s, xolo 2005 wlisTvis ki, 70,5%-s Seadgenda.

mTlian gadasaxadebSi didi wili uWiravs arapirdapir gadasaxadebs (58%), xolo SedarebiT mcire

- pirdapir gadasaxadebs (42%). arapirdapir gadasaxadebSi udidesi wili damatebuli Rirebulebis

gadasaxadze modis da misi wili, rogorc wesi mTliani sagadasaxado Semosavlebis 48%-s Sead-

gens. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom savaWro balansSi importi stabilurad maRali xvedriTi wiliT

xasiaTdeba da adgilobrivi brunvis moculoba ki SedarebiT ucvlelia, dRg-s umetesi nawili

swored importis operaciebze modis. ukanasknel wlebSi erTgvar tradiciad iqna Camoyalibebu-

li, rom mobilizebuli dRg-s 2/3 swored importsa, xolo 1/3-s qveynis SegniT ganxorcielebul

miwodebas Soris nawildeba.

2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis dafinansebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi Semdegi prioritetebis

mixedviT aris ganawilebuli.

wyaro: mof.ge

2012 wlis biujetis ZiriTadi prioritetebi

43

socialuri xarjebis TvalsazrisiT 2012 wlis biujetSi zogierTi socialuri xarjis (pensia,

dazRveva, socialuri daxmarebebi) xvedriTi wili mTliani xarjebis struqturaSi Semdeg suraTs

iZleva.

wyaro: mof.gesayuradReboa 2012 wlis biujetis e.w. araklasificirebuli anu gauSifravi xarjebis xvedriTi

wilis zrdis tendencia wina wlis maCveneblebTan SedarebiT.

2010w. 2011w. 2012w.

xarjebi 5466466 60229421 6528243

araklasificirebuli xarjebi 613721 763348 1068283

xverdiTi wili % 11.2 12.7 16.4

Tu, araklasificirebuli, anu gauSifravi xarjebis xvedriTi wili mTlian xarjebSi 2010 da 2011

wlebis biujetisaTvis Sesabamisad 11,2% da 12,7%–s Seadgenda, 2012 wlis biujetSi am maCvene-

belma ukve 16,4%–s miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis pirve-

lad versiaSi xarjebis nawilSi araklasificirebuli, e.w. „sxva“ xarjebi mxolod 836 milion

lars , anu mTeli xarjebis 13,6%-s Seadgenda, rac biujetis miRebis Semdgom procesSi „da-

koreqtirda“ da 1 miliard 68 milion laramde gaizarda. maT Soris, araklasificirebuli anu

e.w. gauSifravi xarjebi sxvadasxva saministrosa da saxelmwifo uwyebis magaliTze Semdegnairad

gamoiyureba:

sul xarjebi sxva xarjebi wili%

sul 6528243 1068283 16,4

cesko 41685 9362 22,5

uzenaesi sasamarTlo 5790 537 9,3

infrastruqturis saministro* 968350 334990 34,6

ganaTlebis saministro 595000 430613 72,4

ltolvilTa saministro 34800 4245 12,2

soflis meurneobis saministro 119998 62627 52,2

energetikis saministro** 290338 77570 26,7

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, araklasificirebuli, anu gauSifravi xarjebis yvelaze maRali monacemi

ganaTlebis saministros (72,4%), soflis meurneobis saministros (52,2%) da infrastruqturis

saministros (34,6%) xarjebSi fiqsirdeba.

zogierTi socialuri xarjis wili xarjebis

mTlian struqturaSi (%)

44

g. saxelmwifo vali

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti saqarTvelos saxelmwifo valis warmoSobis um-

Tavresi safuZvelia. rodesac, qveynis sabiujeto Semosavlebis moculoba ufro mcirea, vidre

saxelmwifos valdebulebebi da xarjebi, qveynis xelisufleba iZulebuli xdeba aiRos saSinao Tu

sagareo vali da amiT daafinansos biujetis realuri deficiti.

2005 wlidan 2012 wlis saangariSo periodamde saqarTvelos mTliani sagareo vali zrdiT xasiaT-

deba da am maCvenebelma 2012 wlis dasawyisisaTvis 11 miliard 269 aTas aSS dolars, xolo 2012

wlis martis mdgomareobiT 11 miliard 398 aTas aSS dolars miaRwia.

wyaro: nbg.gesaqarTvelos mTavrobis sagareo valis statistika 2004–2012 wlebisTvis Semdeg suraTs iZleva.

wyaro: mof.ge

2004 wlidan qveynis xelisuflebis kursi mTavrobis sagareo valebis Semcirebaze iyo orientire-

buli da 2004 wlidan 2006 wlamde periodSi sagareo valis moculoba wlebis mixedviT saSualod

yovelwliurad 7%–iT mcirdeboda. 2006–2007 wlebSi ki stabiluri maCvenebliT xasiaTdeboda.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo vali 2007 wlidan moyolebuli zrdis ukve didi maCvenebliT

xasiaTdeba. mxolod 2008 wels sagareo valis zrdam 61%, xolo 2009 da 2010 wlebSi Sesabamisad

- 23% da 22% Seadgina. 2011-2012 wlebSi zrdis maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad Semcirda, Tumca zrdis

tendencia SenarCunda.

45

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (VI)

7% 46% 23% 22% 9% 3%

2010 wlis mdgomareobiT, mTavrobis sagareo valma mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi 24,5%, xolo saqarT-

velos mTlianma sagareo valma mSp–sTan mimarTebaSi 77% Seadgina. Tumca, sayuradreboa is gare-

moeba, rom aRniSnuli maCvenebeli klebis tendenciiT ar xasiaTdeba. saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi

arsebobs midgoma, rom zRvari, romlis zemoT sagareo valis moculobis zrdac ukve ekonomikur

zrdas mniSvnelovnad aferxebs, daaxloebiT mSp-s 50%-ia. imave midgomis mixedviT, analogiuri

zRvari, oRond eqsportis maCvenebelTan mimarTebaSi, 100-105%-ze gadis. saqarTveloSi ki, qvey-

nis mTliani sagareo vali eqsportis 516%-ia.

saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi Camoyalibda valiT valis dafarvis (gadafarvis) tendencia, rac

udaod mniSvnelovanwilad zrdis qveynis ekonomikis damokidebulebis xarisxs sagareo valze.

d. sagadamxdelo balansi

marTalia, qveynis savaWro brunva bolo wlebSi zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, rac udaod dadeb-

iT tendenciad unda CaiTvalos. magram, amasTan, sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom savaWro balan-

sis deficitis maCvenebelic mniSvnelovani zrdiT xasiaTdeba. 2004 wlidan 2012 wlamde, anu bolo

7 wlis ganmavlobaSi, savaWro balansis deficitis 4-jer gazrdili maCvenebeli miviReT.

sagareo vaW-

roba (milioni

aSS dolari)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

sagareo savaW-

ro brunva

2492.4 3355.3 4613.8 4611.2 6444.3 7796.9 5633.9 9246.9

registrire-

buli eqsporti

(FOB)

646.9 865.4 936.1 936.4 1232.1 1495.3 1133.6 2189.1

registrire-

buli importi (CIF)

1845.5 2489.9 3677.7 3674.8 5212.2 6301.5 4500.2 7057.8

sagareo vaWro-

bis saldo

-1198.6 -1624.5 2741.5 -2738.5 -3980.0 -4806.2 -3581.2 -4868.6

wyaro: geostat.ge

ekonomikur zrdas saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi moxmarebis sagrZnobi zrda ganapirobebs, rac im-

portis zrdiTaa ganpirobebuli. saqarTvelos ekonomika realurad ver uzrunvelyofs moTxovnis

Sesabamis miwodebas.

SesamCnevia, rom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad ar Secvlila ZiriTadi saeqsporto

sasaqonlo jgufi. ar gaCenila axali sasaqonlo nomeknlatura, produqtebi da axali dargebi.

iseve, rogorc wina wlebSi, eqsportis struqturaSi kvlav Zalian maRalia saeqsporto saqonlis

koncentraciis done. dominirebs avtomobilebi, feroSenadnobebi, jarTi, Txili da sasuqebi.

mxolod am xuT sasaqonlo jgufze mTeli eqportis 46% modis da maT Soris, mxolod avtomo-

bilebze – 22%. Sesabamisad, realurad qveynis mTeli saeqsporto potencialis naxevarze meti

mxolod ramdenime sawarmoze modis.

ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciis wilobrivi monawileobis suraTi mTlian eqsportSi Semdegnai-

rad gamoiyureba.

46

wyaro: geostat.ge

ZiriTadi saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebi ki mTliani importis struqturaSi Semdegnairadaa

gadanawilebuli.

wyaro: geostat.ge

aq SedarebiT dabalansebulia importis struqtura da masSi mTavar sasaqonlo jgufebs navTob-

produqtebi, navTobis airebi, avtomobilebi, medikamentebi da xorbali warmoadgens. mxolod am

sasaqonlo jgufisTvis koncentraciis maCvenebeli eqsportis analogiur maCvenebelTan Sedar-

ebiT dabal, 30%-s Seadgens.

aRniSnuli analizi gviCvenebs, rom faqtobrivad, bolo wlebSi qveynis siRrmiseuli ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT bevri araferi Secvlila, anu TiTqmis ar gazrdila SromiTi resursebis gamoy-

enebis maCvenebeli, ar gazrdila Sromis mwarmoebluroba (romelic kapitalsa da aRWurvilo-

basTan uSualodaa kavSirSi), Sesabamisad, ar gazrdila adamianTa cxovrebis done. ekonomikur

saqmianobaSi xdeba tradiciuli savaWro, ZiriTadad ki, importze orientirebuli segmentebis

stimulireba da ver moxerxda axali seqtorebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, eqsportze orientirebuli

seqtorebis aTviseba.

sxva54%

ZiriTadi saimporto produqciis wili mTlian importSi 2012 wlisTvis

avtomobilebi 9%

navTobis airebi 4%

medikamentebi 3%

xorbali 2%

sxva 70%

navT. produqtebi12%

ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciis wili mTlian importSi 2012 wlisTvis

avtomobilebi 22%

feroSenadnobebi 10%

sasuqebi 6%

Txili 5%

eT.spirti 3%

47

e. investiciebi

2004 wlis Semdgom periodSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda qveyanaSi Semosuli pirdapiri ucxouri

investiciebis maCvenebeli, rasac ZiriTadad gamocxadebuli axali liberaluri kursi, fiskaluri

reJimebis gamartiveba da xelisuflebis mier warmoebuli saerTaSoriso piar kampaniebi ganapiro-

bebda.

2004 wlidan 2007 wlis CaTvliT qveyanaSi Semosuli investiciebi 499 milioni aSS dolaridan 2015

milion aSS dolaramde, anu 404%-iT gaizarda.

wyaro: geostat.ge

2008 wlis mesame kvartalSi saqarTveloSi sainvesticio aqtivoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, gansa-

kuTrebiT pirdapiri investiciebis maCvenebeli. Tu 2008 wlis pirvel da meore kvartalSi Sesa-

bamisad ganxorcielebuli iyo 430,2 da 525,2 milioni aSS dolaris investicia, mesame kvartalSi

ganxorcielebuli iqna mxolod 150,0 milioni dolaris investicia. 2008 wlis mesame kvartlis

monacemi gasuli 2007 wlis analogiuri periodis maCvenebels 339,1 milioni dolariT CamorCeba

da mxolod mis 30%-s Seadgens.

investiciebis Semcirebis tendencia aseve uSualod ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi msxvili

saprivatizacio obieqtebis raodenobis Semcirebas an/da amowurvas, xolo mcire saprivatizacio

obieqtebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas ver axdenen mTlian sainvesticio portfelze. 2008 wlidan mom-

devno 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis moculoba samjer Semcirda da 2009

wlis mdgomareobiT mxolod 658 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina.

sayuradR eboa is garemoebac, rom xelisuflebas uWirs momdevno wlebis sainvesticio aqti-

vobis zusti gaTvla da efeqturi dagegmva. xelisuflebis gaTvlebi da prognozebi pirdapiri

ucxouri investiciebis 2009 da 2010 wlebis saprognozo monacemebTan dakavSirebiT praqtikulad

ver Sesrulda.

dadebiT tendenciad unda CaiTvalos 2010 da 2011 wlebis monacemebiT pirdapiri ucxouri in-

vesticiebis maCveneblis mcired, magram mainc zrda (Sesabamisad 23% da 20%). Tumca, pirdapiri

ucxouri investiciis maCveneblis zrdis paralelurad fiqsirdeba qveynidan gadinebuli kapi-

talis maCveneblis zrda. mxolod 2010 wels qveynidan gadinebulma kapitalis moculobam 200

milioni aSS dolari, 2011 wels 244 milioni aSS dolari, xolo 2012 wlis mxolod pirvel kvar-

talSi 116 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina.

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 2004 -2010 wlebi

(milioni aSS dolari)

48

xelisuflebis mier dagegmili ekonomikuri stimulirebis paketidan da infrastruqturuli sa-

investicio politikidan gamomdinare, mTlian Sida produqtSi moxmarebis da saxelmwifo Sesyid-

vebis komponentebis procentuli wili mniSvnelovnad izrdeba, xolo investiciebis komponenti

mcirdeba, rac saboloo jamSi arasaxarbielo gadanawilebamde da Sesabamisad, arasaxarbielo

Sedegebamde migviyvans - warmoebis Seferxeba gazrdis eqsport-imports Soris uaryofiT saldos

da Sesabamisad, wminda eqsportis uaryofiTi maCvenebeli ufro gaizrdeba.

ekonomikis da biznesgaremos ganviTarebis zogadi koncefcia

1. ZiriTadi tendenciebi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mdgradoba da qveynis mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba

mniSvnelovan wilad damokidebulia gare faqtorebze, maT Soris, pirdapiri ucxouri investici-

ebis moculobaze, sagareo wyaroebidan mozidul sakredito resursebze (sagareo vali), saerTa-

Soriso grantebze, ucxoeTidan ganxorcielebuli fuladi gzavnilebis moculobaze da privati-

zaciis procesis ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebis odenobaze. amis gamo, qveynis

ganviTarebaSi adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis da resursebis srulfasovani gamoyeneba sagrZno-

blad SezRudulia, xolo maTi xvedriTi wili, ki - umniSvnelo.

ZiriTadad, ramdenime faqtori ikveTeba, romlebic uaryofiTad aisaxeba qveynis ekonomikur

ganviTarebaze, moqnili social-ekonomikuri sistemis Camoyalibebasa da jansaRi biznes garemos

Seqmnaze. kerZod:

• Warbi moxmarebis done - anu, kerZo da saxelmwifo moxmarebas mniSvnelovnad maRali wili

ukavia mSp-Si. Sesabamisad, miwodebis arsebuli done ver uzrunvelyofs moxmarebis dakmayo-

filebas da moxmareba-miwodebas Soris met naklebad optimaluri balansis dacvas. realurad,

Warbi moxmareba gulisxmobs, rom mSp-Si kerZo danazogebis wili Zalian dabalia da adgilo-

brivi investiciebis roli qveynis ekonomikur procesebSi mxolod nominaluria;

• biznesgaremo - gatarebuli rigi cvlilebebis da garkveuli biznes faqtorebis mkveTri

liberalizaciis fonze, kvlav aqtualuri rCeba bazarze Tavisufali konkurenciis uzrunve-

lyofis, seqtoruli monopoliebis, sagadasaxado administrirebis liberalizaciis, dekrimi-

nalizaciis (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta, ekonomikuri danaSaulisTvis

winaswari patimrobis gauqmeba, biznesze saxelmwifo teroris akrZalva, sadamsjelo da

Casafrebis politikis gatarebaze uaris Tqma), kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobis da mcire

biznesis ganviTarebis stimulirebis Temebi;

• sagareo savaWro deficiti - Warbi moxmarebis meore uaryofiTi mxare. saqarTvelos ekonomika

2010 wlis monacemebiT, 76%-iT damokidebulia ucxour ekonomikebze. anu, qveyana sakuTari

sawarmoo simZlavriT moxmarebis mxolod umniSvnelo wilis dakmayofilebas axerxebs da dar-

Cenili 76%-is dabalansebas importis saSualebiT axdens. realurad, imis magivrad, rom qvey-

nis Warbi moxmareba adgilobrivi sawarmoo simZlavreebis gazrdas uwyobdes xels, igi impor-

tis mastimulirebel faqtorad gvevlineba. aseT pirobebSi, sargebels mxolod importiorebi

Rebuloben, xolo adgilobrivi da eqsportze orientirebuli warmoeba zaraldeba;

• dasaqmebis dabali done da migracia - realurad qveyanaSi ar iqmneba samuSao adgilebi,

radgan saqarTvelos ekonomika importze orientirebuli ekonomikis kategorias ganekuTvneba

da adgilobrivi warmoebis done sagrZnoblad CamorCeba moxmarebis dones. importze orien-

tirebuli ekonomika ki, realurad ver uzrunvelyofs dasaqmebis donis zrdas. xolo, qveynis

migraciuli nakadi erT milion adamianze metia, rac, iseTi patara qveynisTvis, rogoric saqa-

rTveloa, praqtikulad aqtiuri SromiTi resursis gareSe datovebis tolfasia.

49

2. ras efuZneba ganviTarebis koncefcia

koncefcia efuZneba qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis da efeqturi biznesgaremos Camoyali-

bebaze orientirebul saSualovadian da grZelvadian periodSi gasatarebel RonisZiebebs, rom-

lebic uaxloesi 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda gatardes.

arsebuli mdgomareobisa da realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, qveynis umTavresi prioriteti miwodebis

stimurlirebis uzrunvelmyofi pirobebis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba unda gaxdes, rac bune-

brivad miwodebis moculobis SesaZleblobebis zrdas, qveynis ekonomikis avtonomiur reJimSi

efeqtur funqcionirebas, safaso optimizacias, dasaqmebis donis zrdas da saboloo jamSi, mox-

marebis stimulirebasac gulisxmobs.

grZelvadiani strategiis umTavresi amocana liberalur, Tavisufali bazris principebze da-

fuZnebuli ekonomikuri da biznes garemos Camoyalibebaa, romelic Semdeg fundamentalur prin-

cipebs unda efuZnebodes:

• kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxebloba da uzenaesoba;

• saxelmwifos da saxelisuflebo organoebis mier biznesze teroris ganxorcielebis akrZalva;

• Tavisufali bazris da Tavisufali konkurenciis pirobebis dacva;

• minimaluri sajaro seqtori da misi kerZo seqtoris, biznesis kompetenciebSi Caurevloba;

• sajaro da kerZo seqtoris realuri gamijvna da maT Soris mkveTri zRvaris gavleba.

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, programuli prioritetebis qvakuTxeds ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba

warmoadgens:

• ekonomikuri da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba;

• mcire biznesis ganviTareba da misi finansur resursebze wvdomis uzrunvelyofa.

3. ekonomikuri da biznesgaremos gaumjobeseba

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba mniSvnelovan wilad gansazRvravs, Tu

ra masStabebiT da ra tempebiT iqneba SesaZlebeli qveyanaSi ekonomikuri da biznes procesebis

Semdgomi ganviTareba da ramdenad srulfasovnad SeZlebs igi realuri zrdis da ganviTarebis

miRwevas.

efeqturi ekonomikuri politikis ZiriTadi prioriteti unda gaxdes mcire biznesis ganviTarebis

stimulireba da ara saxelmwifo ekonomikis principebis damkvidreba da ganviTareba.

amis umTavresi amosavali principi dafuZnebuli unda iyos kerZo sakuTrebis, kerZo garigebis

da konkurentuli garemos uzrunvelyofis sakonstitucio da sakanonmdeblo garantiebis Seqmnis

safuZvelze.

saxelmwifo minimaluri doniT unda Caerios biznesurTierTobebSi da Tavad biznesma, gansa-

kuTrebiT ki, mcire biznesma (mcire, saSualo da wvrili warmoeba) unda uzrunvelyos Semdegi

miznebis miRweva:

• dasaqmeba;

• adgilobrivi warmoebis moculobis zrda;

• realurad Tavisufali konkurenciis da faswarmoqmnis Tavisufali sabazro principebis uz-

runvelyofa;

• moTxovna-miwodebis balansis uzrunveyofa da dacva;

• dagrovebis stimulireba;

• moxmarebis stimulireba.

50

biznesgaremos gaumjobesebis da biznesis zrdis uzrunvelmyofi gadaudebeli RonisZiebebi da

strategia ramdenime ZiriTad blokad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:

a. dekriminalizacia (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis SezRudva)

sakanonmdeblo doneze mniSvnelovnad unda SeizRudos saxelmwifos Careva biznesurTierTo-

bebSi. aseve, im saxelmwifo institutebis kompetenciis da uflebamosilebis farglebi, romlebic

pirdapir an/da iribad axorcieleben biznesis da biznes garigebebis kontrols.

aucilebelia biznesis dekriminalizaciis (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta, eko-

nomikuri danaSaulisTvis winaswari patimrobis gauqmeba, biznesze saxelmwifo teroris akrZalva,

sadamsjelo da Casafrebis politikis gatarebaze uaris Tqma) ganxorcieleba. unda gaivlos

calsaxa zRvari kriminalsa da im qmedebebs Soris, romlebic biznesis mier arasworad an/da Sec-

domiT ganxorcielebul sagadasaxado aRricxva-angariSsworebiT gamowveul saxelmwifos mimarT

arsebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. Tu, sawarmo SecdomiT an/da

aramizanmimarTulad ar ixdis gadasaxadebs an/da ver asrulebs saxelmwifo biujetisadmi kanoniT

gansazRvrul valdebulebebs, mis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli unda iqnas administraciuli jarimebi

da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli administraciuli sanqciebi kuTvnili gadasaxadebis, jarimebis da

sauravebis gadaxdevinebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna unda ganxorcieldes mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul iseT gansa-

kuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, rogorebicaa:

1. erTi da igive mizeziT kuTvnili gadasaxadebis mravaljer gadauxdeloba;

2. sagadasaxado davalianebis gansakuTrebiT didi odenoba, rac ganisazRvreba 200000 lariT da

meti odenobiT.

mniSvnelovania, rom xelisuflebam uari Tqvas winaswari patimrobis Sefardebis praqtikaze im

pirebisTvis, vinc eWvmitanilia ekonomikuri danaSaulis CadenaSi an/da vis mimarTac ekonomikuri

danaSaulis CadenisTvis mimdinareobs gamoZieba.

aRniSnuli praqtikis danergva, Tu ar gamoricxavs, praqtikulad minimumamde daiyvans bi-

znesze saxelmwifos mxridan raime saxis zewolis an teroris ganxorcielebas, iZulebas da

gadawyvetilebebze subieqturi gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas.

sakuTrebis dacvisa da xelSeuxeblobis pirobebis uzrunvelyofa unda efuZnebodes Semdeg Ziri-

Tad pirobas - saxelmwifosTvis qonebis gadacemis, Cuqebis, memkvidreobiT gadacemis, aseve qonebis

eqspropriaciis procedurebi mniSvnelovnad unda garTules da im SemTxvevebis CamonaTvali,

rodesac dasaSvebi iqneba aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba, mkacrad unda iyos samarTlebriv (sakanon-

mdeblo) doneze gansazRvruli.

b. konkurenciis dacva

ekonomikuri da biznesgaremos gaumjobesebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponents Tavisufali

konkurenciis dacva da qveyanaSi srulfasovani antimonopoliuri, antitrastuli kanonmdeblobis

amoqmedeba warmoadgens.

am TvalsazrisiT programul prioritetebs warmoadgens:

• saqarTveloSi Tavisufali konkurenciisa da vaWrobis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo bazis

safuZvliani da Zireuli revizia, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis an/da damatebebis

momzadeba da miReba;

51

• qveyanaSi srulfasovani antimonopoliuri da antitrastuli politikis gamtarebeli saelm-

wifo institutis - „Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagentos“ funqcionaluri reor-

ganizacia, misi kompetenciis, uflebrivi mdgomareobis da damoukideblobis xarisxis gazrda.

„Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagento“ unda gamovides aRmasrulebeli xelisu-

flebis vertikalidan da misi angariSvaldebuleba ganisazRvros eqskluziurad mxolod saqarT-

velos parlamentis winaSe. Sesabamisad, saagentos xelmZRvanelis daniSvnis gadawyvetilebas

unda iRebdes saqarTvelos parlamenti;

• aqtiuri antimonopoliuri da antitrastuli politikis gatareba, rac qveyanaSi mizno-

brivi da maRali riskis matarebeli bazrebis aqtiuri kvleviT, Sesabamisi administraciuli

RonisZiebebis dagegmviT da am RonisZiebebis aRsrulebis procesze efeqturi monitoringis

ganxorcielebiT gamoixateba.

g. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba

qveyanaSi sagadasaxado administrireba kvlav mxolod sadamsjelo instrumentis funqcias asru-

lebs, rac gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulad mcire bizness, mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoo da

momsaxurebis sferoebs exeba.

saxelmwifosa da moqalaqes Soris, maT Soris saxelmwifosa da bizness Soris swori sagadasaxado

urTierTobis awyoba saxelmwifoebriobis myari fundamentis da warmatebis umTavresi pirobis

Seqmnas niSnavs. saqarTveloSi es fundamenti jer kidev ar Seqmnila da saWiroa sagadasaxado

sistemis Zireuli ganaxleba. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba ara biznesis dasaWerad, dasasjelad an

dasaSineblad, aramed mis dasaxmareblad unda iqmnebodes. mimdinare atapze, aucilebelia ram-

denime principuli cvlilebis dauyovnebliv gatareba - efeqturi sagadasaxado administrirebis

sistemis Camoyalibeba da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba. aRniSnuli, iTvaliswinebs sagadasaxado

kanonmdeblobis mcire biznesis interesebze orientirebulobas da pirveli rigis Semdegi probl-

emuri sakiTxebis gadaWras:

• „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis“, rogorc organul kanonad Camoyalibeba da misi am

statusis dafiqsireba „saqarTvelos konstituciaSi. aRniSnuli, minimumamde Seamcirebs saga-

dasaxado kanonmdeblobaSi xSiri, xandaxan subieqtur motivebze dafuZnebuli cvlilebebis

da damatebebis Setanis mankier praqtikas, stabilurobis da daculobis met gancdas gaaCens

biznes seqtorSi da saSualebas miscems maT grZelvadiani prognozebsa da gaTvlebis Sesa-

bamisad awarmoon samewarmeo saqmianoba. „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi“ cvlilebebis,

damatebebis da Sesworebebis Setana mxolod winasawari erTTviani sajaro ganxilvebis safuZ-

velze unda moxdes;

• kanonmdeblobiT unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamis saxelmwifo uwyebaTa da organoTa ufle-

bamosilebebis arealis mkveTri SezRudva;

• sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobaSi maqsimalurad unda gamoiricxos ormagad wakiTxvadi da rTu-

lad ganmartebadi debulebebis arseboba. aseve, Tavad „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsma“

unda moicvas sakiTxebis sruli speqtri da minimumamde Semcirdes is kanonqvemdebare norma-

tiuli baza (instruqciebi, brZanebebi), romliTac regulirdeba sagadasaxado urTierTobis

da gansakuTrebiT, sagadasaxado kontrolis sakiTxebi;

• sagadasaxado administrirebis komponentis liberalizacia, rac am etapze ukve ganxorciele-

bul gadasaxadebis raodenobis da sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcirebis Semdeg, sagadasaxado

kontrolis meqanizmebis Semcirebas da procedurebis gamartivebas gulisxmobs;

• gadamxdelTa SerCeviTi sagadasaxado kontrolis meqanizmis SemoReba, rac minimumamde Seamci-

rebs mewarmeebSi sagadasaxado SemowmebebTan da kontrolis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT

arsebul SiSs;

52

dabegvris reJimis gamartiveba, raTa mcire biznesisaTvis kuTvnili gadasaxadebis daangariSebis

da gadaxdis procedurebi iyos mniSvnelovnad gamartivebuli. es, sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs bi-

znesis, gansakuTrebiT ki, mcire da wvrili samewarmeo saqmianobiT dakavebul pirTa mier admin-

istrirebis da sabuRaltro momsaxurebaze gasawev danaxarjebs. kerZod, dabegvris saSeRavaTo

reJimis daweseba iTvaliswinebs:

1. mcire da wvrili sawarmoebisaTvis saxelmwifo registraciis pirvel wels mogebis ga-

dasaxadis gadaxdis da Sesabamisad, sagadasaxado deklarirebis wardgenis valdebulebisa-

gan ganTavisuflebas;

2. mcire da wvrili sawarmoebisaTvis saqmianobis meore da mesame wels mogebis gadasaxadis

arsebuli ganakveTis mxolod 50%-is gadaxdis valdebulebas.

amasTan, dabegvris aRniSnuli reJimi unda gavrceldes eqskluziurad mxolod Semdegi profilis

samewarmeo saqmianobaze:

1. soflis meurneobis produqtebis pirveladi warmoeba;

2. soflis meurneobis produqtebis gadamamuSavebeli warmoeba;

3. kvebis mrewvelobis produqciis warmoeba;

4. turizmi;

5. eqsportze orientirebuli warmoeba.

• sagadasaxado aRricxvisa da angariSgebis formebis gamartiveba. es imas niSnavs, rom mcire

biznesseqtorisaTvis da saSualo sawarmoo seqtorisTvis mniSvnelovnad martivdeba, xolo

wvrili da mcire sawarmoo da momsaxurebis sfero praqtikulad simboluri angariSgebis

praqtikaze gadadis, rac gulisxmobs wliuri sagadasaxado deklarirebis praqtikis SemoRebas.

anu, sagadasaxado deklarireba unda ganxorcieldes weliwadSi mxolod erTxel da isic ga-

martivebuli, mxolod erTi kombinirebuli deklaraciis wardgenis formiT. es mniSvnelovnad

Seamcirebs biznesis mxridan samewarmeo da aRricxva-angariSgebis procesSi Secdomis daSvebis

risksa da SesaZleblobas;

• biznesis, gansakuTrebiT mcire biznesis (mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebis) winaswari

daluqvebis, mimdinare saqmianobis SeCerebis da dayadaRebis praqtikis akrZalva, kanonmde-

blobiT mkacrad gansazRvruli erTeuli gamonaklisebis da e.w. gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis

garda. amasTan, sagadasaxado organoebisaTvis am procedurebis gatarebasTan dakavSirebuli

moqmedebebi kanonmdeblobiT unda iqnas maqsimalurad garTulebeli, xolo maTi uflebrivi

mdgomareoba - SezRuduli. samewarmeo saqmianobis daluqva, SeCereba da dayadaReba unda xde-

bodes mxolod sasamarTlos sanqciiT. da isic, roca:

1. sagadasaxado danaSauli da Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo biujetisadmi davalianeba gansa-

kuTrebiT did masStabebs aRwevs (magaliTad, sagadasaxado davalianebis gansakuTrebiT

didi odenoba, rac 200000 lariT da meti odenobiT ganisazRvreba);

2. sawarmo erTi da igive mizeziT ukve mravaljer ar ixdis kuTvnil gadasaxadebs.

• sagadasaxado organoebisaTvis salaro aparatis, rogorc sadamsjelo instrumentad gamoy-

enebis praqtikis akrZalva. salaro aparati da Ceki unda iqces biznesis damxmared da ara sax-

elmwifos mxridan mis sawinaaRmdego qmedebis ganxorcielebis da dasjis iaraRad. ekonomikis

da biznes gareomos gaumjobesebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli politikis prioriteti ar unda

iyos mewarmeze „Casafrebis“ da misi SecdomaSi Segnebulad, mizanmimarTulad Seyvanis poli-

tika;

53

• jarimebis sistemis Secvla. sajarimo sanqciebis gamoyeneba ar unda moxdes, Tu mewarme Sec-

domiT an winaswari gazraxvis gareSe uSvebs Secdomas kuTvnili gadasaxadebis gamoangariSeba-

sa da maT gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT. jarimebis odenoba da ganakveTebi unda iyos danaSaulis

an/da darRvevis adeqvaturi da ar unda warmoadgendes biznesisTvis saqmianobis Sewyvetis an

SeCerebis risks da safuZvels. jarimebis gamoyeneba dasaSvebi unda iyos mxolod im SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu mewarme ar asrulebs sagadasaxado organoebis mxridan misTvis SecdomiT an wi-

naswari gazraxvis gareSe daSvebuli Secdomis gamosworebis moTxovnas an arRvevs aRniSnuli

moTxovnis gamosworebis vadebs. aRniSnuli praqtika unda gavrceldes salaro aparatebis

gamoyenebis arsebul praqtikazec;

• sagadasaxado davebis da gasaCivrebis praqtikis daxvewa. arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT saga-

dasaxado an/da sxva administraciuli organoebi mudmivad upirates mdgomareobaSi arian

Cayenebuli. maT SeuZliaT praqtikulad nebismieri sababiT Seaferxon, an saerTod SeaCeron

mewarmis saqmianoba. gasaCivrebis, saCivris ganxilvis da gadawyvetilebis miRebis praqtika

unda daefuZnos princips, sadac prioriteti mieniWeba bizness da ara sagadasaxado uwyebas.

d. biznes ombudsmeni

koncefciis mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa da, zogadad biznesis

uflebebis dacvis sakiTxi. qveyanaSi biznes ombudsmenis institutis srulfasovan Camoyalibebasa

da misi saqmianobis efeqturobaze mniSvnelovan wilad aris damokidebuli, biznesgaremos gajan-

saRebis da Semdgomi ganviTarebis sakiTxi.

sagadasaxado ombudsmenis dRes arsebuli instituti naklebad efeqturia da mas realuri gav-

lenis moxdena mimdinare procesebze praqtikulad ar SeuZlia. es gansakuTrebiT mcire biznesis

(mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebis) problemebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs exeba. aRniSnuli

saxelmwifo instituciis Sedegze naklebad orientirebulobas da nakleb efeqturobas gansaz-

Rvravs Semdegi faqtorebi:

• ombudsmenis statusi. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT sagadasaxado ombudsmeni warmoadgens

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis danamats, da misi rogorc damoukideblobis xarisxi, aseve uf-

lebrivi mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad aris SezRuduli;

• interesTa konfliqti. sagadasaxado ombudsmeni praqtikulad axorcielebs zedamxedvelobas

im saxelisuflebo Stos saqmianobaze, romlis nawilsac Tavad warmoadgens. misi saqmianoba

regulirdeba da uflebrivi kompetencia gansazRvrulia „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kod-

eqsiT“ da sagadasaxado ombudsmens Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan anTavisuflebs

saqarTvelos premier-ministri. es praqtika yovelTvis iZleva subieqturi gadawyvetilebebis

miRebis da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis maRali rangis moxeleebis (magaliTad, prezidenti,

premier-ministri) mxridan masze gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas;

• uflebrivi mdgomareoba. sagadasaxado ombudsmeni mniSvnelovnad aris SezRuduli sakuTar

kompetenciebsa da uflebebSi da mas, praqtikulad aranairi samarTlebrivi gavlenis moxdena

sagadasaxado Tu sxva uflebebis darRvevis faqtebze ar SeuZlia.

yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, qveyanaSi efeqturi da Sedegze orientirebuli biznes ombuds-

menis institutis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebel pirobebs warmoadgens arsebuli sagadasaxado om-

budsmenis institutis biznesombudsmenis realur da qmediT institutad gardaqmna, rac iTval-

iswinebs Semdegs:

• miRebuli iqnas kanoni „biznes ombudsmenis“ Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs da uzrunvelyofs

aRniSnuli saxelisuflebo institutis damoukideblobis da miukerZoeblobis maRal xarisxs,

uflebriv kompetenciasa da mkacrad gansazRvrul valdebulebebs;

54

• biznesombudsmenis instituti unda gamovides aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis vertikalidan da

gavlenis arealidan. igi unda gaxdes damoukidebeli saxelisuflebo rgoli da misi angariS-

valdebuleba unda ganisazRvros eqskluziurad mxolod saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe.

Sesabamisad, biznesombudsmenis daniSvnas da misi aparatis saqmianobaze zedamxedvelobas unda

axorcielebdes saqarTvelos parlamenti;

• biznes ombudsmens unda hqondes biznesis, gansakuTrebiT ki, mcire biznesis uflebebis dar-

Rvevis an/da SezRudvis SemTxvevebSi mimdinare procesebze, maT Soris sagadasaxado davebze

gavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba da rac yvelaze mTavaria, valdebuleba. aRniSnuli, unda

exebodes ara mxolod sagadasaxado davebs da gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa uflebebis darRvevis

sakiTxebs, aramed, mcire biznesisa da xelisuflebis urTierTobis uklebliv yvela aspeqts;

• biznesombudsmenis institutma unda SeiZinos saxelisuflebo, rogorc aRmasrulebel, ise

sakanonmdeblo organoebsa da mcire bizness Soris mediaciis funqcia. am mizniT, biznes om-

budsmenis aparatSi amoqmeddeba „biznes davebis sabWo“, romlis SemadgenlobaSi paritetul

sawyisebze Sevlen biznes ombudsmenis aparatis, sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisu-

flebis, biznes gaerTianebebis, maT Soris mcire biznes gaerTianebebis da samoqalaqo seqto-

ris warmomadgenlebi. „biznes davebis sabWo“ ixilavs biznessa da saxelisuflebo organoebs

Soris warmoqmnil nebismieri saxis sadavo sakiTxs da Sesabamis rekomendacias aZlevs mxaree-

bs;

• mcire biznes interesebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad biznesombudsmenis aparati aqtiurad unda

gamovides sasamarTlo organoebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze.

4. mcire biznesi

dRes qveynis ganviTarebis mTavari prioriteti aris mcire biznesi da mcire mewarmeoba. mimdin-

are etapze yvelaze mniSvnelovania realuri partnioruli urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba saxelm-

wifosa da mcire bizness Soris.

msxvili biznesisTvis, ucxoa mcire biznesisTvis damaxasiaTebeli problemebi da sirTuleebi.

msxvil biznes hyavs lobi xelisuflebasTan urTierTobebSi, xeli miuwvdeba maRali xarisxis da

Zvirad Rirebul iuridiul, auditorul da sxva saxis sakonsultacio momsaxurebebze. aseve,

maTTvis mniSvnelovnad martivia sakredito resursebze wvdoma. mcire mewarmeebisaTvis es „sik-

eTeebi“ ki, praqtikulad xelmiuwvdomelia.

mcire biznesi da misTvis ganviTarebis xelsayreli biznes garemos Seqmna warmoadgens ZiriTad

programul prioritets. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTareba da zrda mniSvnelovan wilad

aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad swrafad da srulfasovnad ganviTardeba qveyanaSi mcire

biznesi, anu mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoo da momsaxurebis sfero.

mcire biznesi Tavis TavSi mcire, saSualo da wvril sawarmoebs moicavs, romlebic yvela ganvi-

Tarebul qveyanaSi ekonomikur da biznes procesebSi dominantur rols TamaSoben. mcire biznesi

warmoadgens mosaxleobis ZiriTad damsaqmebels da ZiriTad socialur-ekonomikur regulators,

ZiriTadi socialuri garantiebis Semqmnel instruments.

dRes Tanamedrove msofloSi, ganviTarebuli qveynebis ekonomikis warmatebis erT-erT umTavres

safuZvels, swored mcire biznesi - mcire, saSualo da wvrili mewarmeoba warmoadgens. msofli-

oSi arsebuli biznes struqturebis absoluturi umravlesoba (evrokavSiri - 99,7%, aSS - 99,8%)

swored mcire sawarmoebze, mcire, saSualo da wvril warmoebaze modis, romelTa mier warmoe-

buli produqciis da momsaxurebis xvedriTi wili saerTo mSp-Si 50%-s da mets Seadgens. martivi

statistikuri monacemebi aRniSnuli tendenciis dasturad da sailustraciod:

55

wyaro: SBA/SME in Germany, IMF/Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform.

saqarTveloSi ki, am mxriv mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli suraTia (wyaro: geostat.ge):

• 2010 wels mcire biznesis xvedriTi wili mTlian brunvaSi mxolod 16%-s Seadgenda;

• 2010 wels kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli 335,3 aTasi kacidan mxolod 38%, anu 127,4 aTasi kaci

iyo dasaqmebuli mcire biznesSi.

•

mcire biznesis upiratesobebi da prioritetuloba Semdegi faqtorebiT xasiaTdeba:

• struqturuli moqniloba da marTvis operatiuloba;

• sabazro koniunqturisadmi, bazarze cvlilebebisadmi da momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebisadmi

martivi adaptirebis unari;

• meti samuSao adgili / naklebi kapitali;

• stabiluroba da riskmedegoba;

• naklebi kapitaltevadoba;

• ZiriTadi damsaqmebeli;

• konkurenciis maRali done.

saqarTveloSi erTiani saxelmwifoebrivi xedva da politika mcire biznesis ganviTarebasTan

dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs. qveyanas ar gaaCnia „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis koncefcia“ da masTan

dakavSirebuli strategiuli gegma, romelic unda gansazRvravdes qveynis ZiriTad prioritetebs

da mcire mewarmeobis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. xelisuflebis yoveli axali inici-

ativa naklebad Tanmimdevrul, fragmentul da saerTo konteqstidan amovardnil xasiaTs atarebs

da Sesabamisad, naklebad aris Sedegze orientirebuli.

Tavad mcire biznesis statusic ki, gansazRvrulia mxolod „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT“

(Tavi XII, „saSemosavlo gadasaxadis specialuri dabegvris reJimi“) da isic, mxolod sagadasaxado

miznebisaTvis. masTan, arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT, saqarTveloSi mcire biznesad iTvleba mxolod

garkveuli kategoriis fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebuli ekonomikuri saqmianoba da real-

uri biznes seqtori, anu sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebi (magaliTad:

Sps, kooperativi), avtomaturad aRniSnuli statusis miRma rCebian. qveyanaSi ar arsebobs raime

saxis specialuri institucia an/da regulacia, romliTac regulirdeba saxelmwifoebrivi poli-

tika mcire biznesTan mimarTebaSi.

evrokavSirSi kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa daaxloebiT 65% swored mcire da saSualo sawar-

moebSi dasaqmebulebze modis;

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi bolo 3 wlis manZilze qveyanaSi Seqmnili 7 milioni samuSao

adgilidan 2/3 mcire biznesze modis;

germaniaSi qveyanaSi 4,4 milioni mcire sawarmoa da maTze kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa 70%

da qveynis dRg-s mTeli brunvis 40% modis;

didi britaneTSi qveynis 4,5 milioni kerZo sawarmodan absoluturi umravlesoba kerZo

sawarmoa. qveyanaSi dasaqmebulTa 60% da saqonlis mTeli brunvis 50% mcire da saSualo sawar-

moebze modis.

56

mcire biznesis prioritetulobis uzrunvelyofisa da misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli gare-

mos Seqmnis mizniT, aucilebelia qveyanaSi gatardes rigi samarTlebrivi da struqturuli re-

formebi, kerZod:

• unda Seiqmnas „mcire biznesis saagento“, romelic iqneba damoukidebeli saxelmwifo saagento.

igi aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs qveyanaSi mcire biznesTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo poli-

tikis SemuSavebaSi, koordinaciasa da monitorings gauwevs qveyanaSi mcire biznesTan da-

kavSirebul sakiTxebs da ganxorcielebul saxelmwifo politikas. msgavsi institutebi da

saxelmwifo regulacia sxvadasxva formiT msoflios mraval qveyanaSi warmatebiT funqcioni-

rebs. magaliTad, „mcire biznesis administracia“ (SBA - Small Business Administration) aSS-Si, „biznesis, sawarmoebis da reformebis departamenti“ (Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform) did britaneTSi;

• Seiqmnas „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis fondi“, romlis mizania qveyanaSi mcire biznesis ganvi-

Tarebisa da xelSewyobis mizniT specialuri sakredito da sainvesticio finansuri resursebis

akumulireba da miznobrivi programebis ganxorcielebis organizeba mcire biznesisTvis iafi

sakredito resursis miwodebis xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofis gziT;

• miRebul iqnas „ statusi mcire biznesis Sesaxeb“, romelic gansazRvravs mcire biznesis realur

statuss da daaregulirebs masTan dakavSirebul yvela samarTlebriv sakiTxebs. kerZod, mcire

biznesis statusi unda moicavdes mcire, saSualo da mikro sawarmoebs da aRniSnuli statusi

unda gavrceldes ara mxolod fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebul ekonomikur saqmiano-

baze, aramed „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT gansazRvrul nebismieri organizaci-

ul-samarTlebrivi formis yvela sawarmoze. xolo, maTi diversificireba unda moxdes ganx-

orcielebuli saqmianobis masStabis da dasaqmebulTa ricxovnobis mixedviT:

1. mikro sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 50000 lars (maqsimaluri

dRiuri brunva 136,9 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri ricxovnoba ar aRe-

mateba 3 kacs;

2. mcire sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva Seadgens 50000 laridan 365000 laramde

(maqsimaluri dRiuri brunva 1000 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri ricxovno-

ba ar aRemateba 30 kacs;

3. saSualo sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva Seadgens 365000 laridan 1 milion

laramde (maqsimaluri dRiuri brunva 2739,7 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri

ricxovnoba ar aRemateba 100 kacs.

• mcire biznesisTvis unda dawesdes sagadasaxado aRicxvis minimaluri da angariSgebis ga-

martivebuli reJimi. sagadasaxado deklarirebis praqtika unda iTvaliswinebdes fiskalur

organoebSi finansuri saqmianobis amsaxveli mxolod erTi deklaraciis da isic, mxolod

weliwadSi erTxel wardgenas;

• saWiroa damkvidrdes e.w. „mcire biznesis testis“ praqtika, rac gulisxmobs Semdegs - qveya-

naSi dagegmili nebismieri saxis sakanonmdeblo iniciativa, cvlileba an/da administraciuli

reforma gadis e.w. „mcire biznesis tests“, anu ramdenad exeba mosalodneli axali iniciati-

va, cvlileba an reforma mcire biznesis interesebs da xom ar uSlis xels an zRudavs qveya-

naSi mcire biznesis ganviTarebas. xelis SemSleli an SemzRudavi garemoebis aRmoCenis SemTx-

vevaSi, axali sakanonmdeblo iniciativa, cvlileba an reforma avtomatur reJimSi iblokeba.

aRniSnuli praqtika warmatebiT funqcionirebs evrokavSiris qveynebSi. kerZod: 2008 wels

evrokavSirSi miRebuli iqna „mcire biznesis aqti“, romelic swored zemoTaRniSnul principe-

bzea (Think First Small Principle) agebuli.

57

5. finansur resursebze xelmisawvdomoba

sakredito da sainvesticio resursebze xelmisawvdomobis problema warmoadgens qveyanaSi biznes

garemos gajansaRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis erT-erT umTavres gamowvevas. mcire biznes seqtori-

saTvis, romelic Tavis TavSi mcire saSualo da wvril sawarmoo seqtors da momsaxurebis sferos

moicavs da qveyanaSi realurad mTavar damsaqmeblad unda gvevlinebodes, mniSvnelovnad aris

SezRuduli wvdoma sakredito da sainvesticio resursebze. aRniSnuli, umTavresad sami ZiriTa-

di faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli. kerZod:

• sakredito da sainvesticio resursebis siZvire, rac mcire bizness saSualebas ar aZlevs

bazarze, isedac araTanabari konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi, konkurentuli da efeqturi

gaxados „Zviri“ finansuri resursi da misi gamoyenebiT warmoebuli produqcia an gaweuli

momsaxureba;

• sesxis da sainvesticio resursis miRebis procedurebis sirTule, rac uSualod ukavSirdeba

sabanko Tu sainvesticio institutebis mier biznes sesxebis gacemis an investiciebis ganx-

orcielebis garTulebul procedurebs da am procedurebTan dakavSirebul biurokratiul

barierebs;

• sesxis da sainvesticio resursebis moZiebis da mozidvis unarebis ar codna an/da arasakmari-

si kvalifikacia, rac bazrebis, produqtebis an momxmareblebis kvlevis sakiTxebTan, sasesxo

ganacxadis da sainvesticio proeqtebis kvalificiurad momzadebasTan, Sesabamisi biznes da

finansuri gaTvlebisa an dasabuTebebis momzadebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

arsebuli sirTuleebis daZlevis saSualebas warmoadgens qveyanaSi specialuri instituciis

da sistemis Seqmna, rac swored zemoTaRniSnuli sami faqtoriT gamowveuli problemebis da-

regulirebaze iqneba orientirebuli. kerZod, qveyanaSi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris

organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis fondis“ (SemdgomSi, „fondi“)

Seqmna. aRniSnuli praqtika kargadaa aprobirebuli da warmatebiT gamoiyeneba dasavleTis mraval

ganviTarebul qveyanaSi, rac mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels am qveynebSi mcire biznesisaTvis iaf fi-

nansur resursebze wvdomis amaRlebas, mcire biznes saqmianobis dawyebis (Start Up) gamartivebas

da Sesabamisad maTi saqmianobis efeqturad ganxorcielebas.

fondis sami ZiriTadi mizania:

• mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis da zrdis stimulireba;

• damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis stimulireba;

• eqsportze orientirebuli warmoebis stimulireba.

fondis amocanebia:

• mcire biznesis (mcire, saSualo, wvrili sawarmoebi) ganviTarebis xelSewyobisa da saqmianobis

dawyebis (Start Up) xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnis mizniT, specialuri miznobrivi programebis

ganxorcielebis organizeba mcire biznesisTvis iafi sakredito da sainvesticio resursis,

finansuri resursebis akumulirebis da miwodebis xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad;

• mcire biznesisTvis specialuri biznes-inkubatorebis Seqmna maTTvis Sesabamisi biznes un-

arebis amaRlebis, biznes da samarTlebrivi konsaltingis ganxorcielebis, sainvesticio da

sxva saxis biznes proeqtebis, finansuri gaTvlebisa da dasabuTebebis kvalificiurad momza-

debis, marketinguli kvlevebis Catarebis da am kvlevebze xelmisawvdomobis mizniT.

fondis damfuZnebeli da mis finansur valdebulebebze pasuxismgebeli aris saxelmwifo.

58

fondis finansuri wyaroebia:

• saxelmwifo biujetis miznobrivi transferi - „saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ kanoni gansaz-

Rvravs fondis saqmianobis pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo biujetis yovelwliuri

Semosavlebis 1%-is miznobrivad mimarTvas fondis sabrunavi kapitalis (ZiriTadad sakredi-

to kapitalis) formirebaze, rac yovelwliurad saSualod 70 milion lars, xolo 5 wlis

ganmavlobaSi 350 milion lars Seadgens;

• fondis grZelvadiani sasesxo valdebulebebis (obligaciebi) emisia, romelic gamyarebuli

iqneba saxelmwifo garantiiT. emisia ganxorcieldeba yovelwliuri tranSebis saxiT 5 wlis

ganmavlobaSi da wliuri emisiis moculoba iqneba saSualod 60 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi 300 milion lars Seadgens;

• saerTaSoriso donorebisgan mcire biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis moziduli Tanxebi. finansuri

resursis mozidva ganxorcieldeba yovelwliuri tranSebis saxiT 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi da

weliwadSi moziduli finansuri resursis moculoba iqneba 30 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi 150 milion lars Seadgens.

Sedegad fondis sabrunavi kapitali iqneba weliwadSi 160 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi 800

milion lars Seadgens.

fondi axorcielebs mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis marTvas. Tavad

fondis finansuri saxsrebis operaciul marTvas anu, sesxebis an sainvesticio Tanxebis gacemas

fondis mier winaswar gansazRvruli wesebisa da pirobebis Sesabamisad axorcieleben Sesabamis

saxelmwifo tenderSi gamarjvebuli sabanko da sxva finansuri institutebi. kerZod: bankebi, mik-

rosafinanso organizaciebi, sainvesticio kompaniebi.

fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis farglebSi gasacemi

sakredito da sainvesticio produqtebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:

• mikro sesxi - 0-dan 3 aTas laramde;

• mcire sesxi - 3 aTasidan 25 aTas laramde;

• saprocento ganakveTi - wliuri 6%-mde ;

• dafarvis periodi - 3-dan 24 Tvemde. maT Soris, erT welze xangrZlivi sakredito xelSek-

rulebebisaTvis sesxis dafarvis 3 Tviani saSeRavaTo periodiT;

• miznobrioba - ZiriTadi kapitalis SeZena, sabrunavi kapitalis Sevseba, salizingo operaciebi,

marketinguli kvlevebi da kampaniebi;

saerTaSoriso

donorebisgan

moziduli

Tanxebi

fondis

grZelvadiani

sasesxo

valdebulebebi

mcire, saSualo

da wvrili

sawarmoebi

saxelmwifo

biujetis

miznobrivi

transferi

mcire

biznesis

fondi

59

• prioritetuloba - warmoeba, momsaxurebis sfero, sasoflo sameurneo produqtebis pirve-

ladi warmoeba da sasoflo sameurneo produqtebis gadamuSaveba, eqsportze orientirebuli

saqmianoba;

• ar dafinansdeba - Tambaqosa da alkoholuri sasmelebis warmoeba, azartuli TamaSebis orga-

nizeba da saTamaSo biznesi, importis operaciebi, garda ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenisa.

fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis farglebSi SesaZlebelia

yovelwliurad saSualod 10000 proeqtis ganxorcieleba, rac 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi 40000 mcire bi-

znesproeqts Seadgens. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom fondis mier ganxorcielebulma TiToeulma mcire

biznesproeqtma SesaZlebelia damatebiT saSualod 4 samuSao adgili Seqmnas, mosalodnelia mxolod

mcire biznesSi wlis ganmavlobaSi damatebiTi 40000 samuSao adgilis Seqmna, rac 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi

160000 damatebiT samuSao adgils Seadgens.

fondis marTva:

• fondis saqmianoba efuZneba gamWvirvalobis da sajaroobis princips;

• fondis marTvas ganaxorcielebs 12 wevrisagan Semdgari sameTvalyureo sabWo, romlis Semad-

genlobas amtkicebs saqarTvelos parlamenti.

• fondis sameTvalyureo sabWoSi qvotebi nawildeba Semdegi proporciiT: sakanonmdeblo xe-

lisuflebis warmomadgenlebi - 2 wevri; aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi - 2

wevri; mcire biznesis saagento - 1 wevri; biznes ombudsmenis aparati - 1 wevri; saqarTvelos

sabanko asociacia - 1 wevri; mikrosafinanso organizaciebis asociacia - 1 wevri; biznes aso-

ciaciebis warmomadgenlebi - 4 wevri.

• fondis sameTvalyureo sabWo yovelwliur angariSs abarebs saqarTvelos parlaments da igi

eqvemdebareba yovelwliur savaldebulo sajaro gamoqveynebas.

fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebisa da qveyanaSi samewarmeo unarebis srulyofa-ganvi-

Tarebis mizniT iqmneba regionaluri biznes inkubatorebi, romlis saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimar-

Tulebaa mcire biznesisTvis (mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebi) adgilebze Semdegi saxis

momsaxurebis gaweva:

• sakonsultacio momsaxureba biznesis organizebisa da dawyebis samarTlebriv sakiTxebze;

• sakonsultacio momsaxureba sagadasaxado aRricxvisa da angariSgebis sakiTxebze;

• sakonsultacio momsaxureba sainvesticio da sxva proeqtebis, sabanko da sxva finansuri in-

stitutebidan sesxis misaRebad saWiro aucilebeli finansuri gaTvlebisa da dasabuTebebis

kvalificiurad momzadebis sakiTxebze;

• sakonsultacio momsaxureba bazrebis, produqtebis da momxmareblebis marketinguli kv-

levebis Catarebis sakiTxebze.

60

Tavi V. 21-e saukunis qarTuli sofeli

saqarTvelos soflebSi mosaxleobas umZimes pirobebSi uwevs cxovreba. aSkarad TvalSisacemia,

rom soflad cxovrebis done bevrad CamorCa qalaqSi cxovrebis dones da es Zalian mZimed aisaxe-

ba mosaxleobis yoveldRiur yofaze. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos soflebis umetesobaSi ar igrZno-

ba, rom civilizebuli samyaro 21-e saukuneSi cxovrobs da misi uaxlesi miRwevebis sikeTiT

sargeblobs. saqarTvelos soflebSi jer kidev me-19 saukunea da mosaxleoba miwas xarebiT

xnavs, ar aqvs gza, gazi, wyali. soflad cxovrobs axalgazrda Taoba, romlisTvisac interneti

miuwvdomeli fufunebaa. soflis mcxovrebTaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia jandacva, misi didi nawili

socialurad daucvelia da uamrav problemas awydeba, roca kuTvnil finansur daxmarebas an

samedicino dazRvevis poliss iTxovs.

sofelSi aseT viTarebas ganapirobebs is, rom glexs ar aqvs miwis damuSavebis saSualeba: Zalian

Zviria sawvavi, ar aros sakmarisi raodenobiT traqtori. dRes sul 600 erTeuli traqtoria, maSin

roca qveyanas minimum 5000 cali traqtori mainc sWirdeba. aseve Zalze Zviria da mosaxleoba ver

yidulobs sasuqs, Sxam-qimikatebs.

soflebis miwebi, saTibebi, saZovrebi ekonomikis saministros sakuTrebaa da ara TviTon soflis,

amitom ise iyideba, sofeli verc gebulobs.

soflebSi aRar aris sawarmoebi, romlebic adre iyo - ferma, mefrinveleobis an Cais fabrika, sa-

saTbure meurneoba, saxerxi saamqro.

arc erT politikur Zalas, arc erT etapze, qarTuli sofeli farTomasStabiani kampaniis sagnad

ar uqcevia. Cven movaxerxeT, sofeli gveqcia qarTuli politikis dominantur Temad da vaiZu-

leT xelisufleba da sxva politikuri Zalebi, rom am mimarTulebiT meti Zalisxmeva gamoeCinaT.

Cven gagvaCnia soflad krizisuli situaciis daZlevis da qarTuli soflis aRorZinebis deta-

lurad gawerili programa, romlis ganxorcielebac momaval parlamentSi 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi

CvenTvis erTerTi umTavresi sazrunavi iqneba.

glexs xelis Sewyoba unda. amitom Cven pirvel rigSi glexisTvis da fermerisTvis fulze xelmi-

sawvdomobisaTvis SevqmniT „sasoflo banks“, saidanac isini kredits aiReben TiTqmis uprocen-

tod (wliuri 4 %).

soflad glexi unda dasaqmdes. xeli unda SevuwyoT fermerebs, mewarmeebs soflebSi aaSenon

mefrinveleobis fabrikebi, fermebi, yvelis mini-qarxnebi, saxerxebi, da a.S. TiTo sawarmo yovel

sofelSi unda iyos.

unda gavaiafoT sawvavi, romelic glexs miwis damuSavebisTvis sWirdeba. am mizniT sasoflo-

sameurneo daniSnulebis sawvavi unda gaTavisufldes dRg-sgan da aqcizis gadasaxadisgan. traq-

torisTvis da sxva sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikisTvis gankuTvnili sawvavi unda iyos markirebu-

li, anu hqondes sxva Seferiloba da amiT unda iqnas acilebuli Tavidan sxva tipis manqanebisTvis

misi gamoyeneba. am SemTxvevaSi erTi litri dizelis fasi 55-60 TeTriT gaiafdeba.

Cven gamovediT winadadebiT jer kidev saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi quTaisis satraqtoro

qarxanaSi daiwyos traqtorebis warmoeba da qveyanaSi misi raodenoba 5000 erTeulamde gaizardos.

yvela sofels unda hyavdes traqtori.

saxelmwifom unda gadauxados glexs sasuqis safasuris nawili, ise, rogorc es mezobel TurqeTSia.

pirvelive kanoni, romelsac “axali memarjveneebi” parlamentSi SevitanT iqneba kanoni soflis

Sesaxeb, romelic sofels daukanonebs Tavis saTibs, saZovars, saxnav-saTes miwebs.

61

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis da soflad cxovrebis donis amaRleba unda iyos qveynis prioriteti.

soflis mosaxleobam ara marto unda irCinos Tavi, aramed SeZlebulad unda icxovros.

qveynis sasicocxlo arteria - intensiuri soflis meurneoba

istoriulad, saqarTvelo agraruli qveyanaa, Tumca xelisuflebis, saqmiani wreebis an inves-

torebis mcire nawils Tu miaCnia ase. qveynis ZiriTadi kursi mimarTulia iqiTken rom, saqarT-

velo gadaiqces regionis saerTaSoriso finansur centrad, Seasrulos evropisa da aziis damaka-

vSirebeli satransporto da energoderefnis funqcia da aseve, warmoadgendes turistebisaTvis

erT-erT yvelaze mimzidvel adgils. saboloo mizans warmoadgens Camoyalibdes diversificire-

buli ekonomika sruli dasaqmebiT da muSaxelisaTvis mimzidveli anazRaurebiT, rac siRaribis

aRmofxvris sawindaria.

realurad, qveynis ekonomikis transformaciis gzaze soflis meurneobis ugulebelyofa mcdari

politikaa. es TvalnaTliv dadasturda 2011 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac msoflio bazrebze

sursaTis fasebis mniSvnelovanma (30%-iT da metiT) zrdam gaamwvava inflaciuri procesebi da

safrTxe Seuqmna saqarTvelos finansur stabilurobas.

miuxedavad bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli ekonomikuri zrdisa da struqturuli re-

formebisa, winsvla saTanadod ar aisaxa qveynis mosaxleobaze. siRaribis da umuSevrobis maCvene-

blebi kvlav stabilurad maRalia saqarTveloSi. erT-erTi potenciuri saSualeba am problemis

aRmofxvrisaTvis aris soflis meurneobis ganviTareba, romelsac didi potenciali gaaCnia.

sabWoTa mmarTvelobis periodSi soflis meurneobis warmoeba gaizarda 10-jer. saqarTvelo erT-

erTi mowinave iyo am sferoSi, 1980–ian wlebamde dargSi warmoebis moculoba yovelwliurad

10%-iT izrdeboda. soflis meurneobis eqsporti imports 70%-iT aWarbebda. seqtorSi daaxloe-

biT 700 000 adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli, rac Seadgenda mTliani samuSao Zalis 25%-s. kvebis gada-

mamuSavebel mrewvelobaSi ramdenime aTeuli aTasi adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli.

damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdgom samoqalaqo omebma da politikurma arastabilurobam didi

ziani miayena soflis meurneobis seqtors:

cxirili #1: soflis meurneoba: ekonomikuri monacemebi

weli daTesili

farTobi

cocxali pi-

rutyvi

% dasaqmebaSi damatebuli

Rirebuleba

mSp-Si

mSp-s %

1990 701 900 ha 4 287 000 25,2 - 29,7

1995 453 100 ha 2 104 300 30,6 2,771 mlrd 41,7

2000 610 800 2 166 000 52,1 1,448 mlrd 20,2

2005 539 600 2 539 600 54,3 1,626 mlrd 16,8

2008 329 300 1 735 600 55,3 1,551 mlrd 8,1

2010 275 300 1 049 400 55 1,518 mlrd 7,3

wyaro: saqstati

1990 wlisaTvis sursaTis da soflis meurneobis produqciis eqsporti importis mxolod 25%-s

Seadgenda, maSin rodesac 2005 wels igi 70%–s aRwevda, xolo 1990 wels – 170%–s. paradoq-

sia, magram 2000 wlidan soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaormagda, maSin rodesac

am periodidan daiwyo ekonomikis diversifikacia da sapirispiro tendencias unda hqonoda ad-

62

gili. mTeli rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT dReisaTvis soflis meurneobis seqtorSi Seqm-

nili damatebiTi Rirebuleba 13 wlis win Seqmnili damatebiTi Rirebulebis naxevarze naklebia.

msoflio bankis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi, soflis meurneobis produqtiuloba Seadgens 1872

aSS dolars weliwadSi, rac bevrad Camouvardeba ara mxolod ganviTarebuli qveynebis analo-

giur maCveneblebs, aramed postsabWoTa qveynebis umravlesobis maCveneblebsac. aRsaniSnavia isic,

rom statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebis realiza-

ciidan miRebuli Semosavlebis wili ojaxuri meurneobebis fulad SemosavlebSi mxolod 6%–s

Seadgens, anu soflis meurneobis warmoebis 94% gankuTvnilia sakuTari moxmarebisaTvis. Tavis

mxriv Sinameurneobebis wili mTlian naTes farTobebSi Seadgens 94%-s, rac imas niSnavs, rom bi-

znesinteresi dargis mimarT TiTqmis nulis tolia.

dabalefeqtianoba problemis mxolod nawili iqneboda dargSi arsebuli viTarebisa, soflis

meurneobis seqtorSi muSaxelis naxevarze meti rom ar iyos dasaqmebuli. oficialuri statis-

tikiT saqarTveloSi 850 000 kacia dasaqmebuli soflis meurneobaSi. mavanma SeiZleba idaos

am monacemebis sizusteze, magram faqtia, rom soflad mcxovrebi muSaxelis umravlesobas ar

gaaCnia dasaqmebis alternatiuli saSualeba. ukanasknel periodSi gamoikveTa saSiSi tendencia:

saqarTvelos mTel rig regionebSi soflis meurneoba imdenad dabalSemosavliania, rom xSir

SemTxvevaSi mosaxleoba uars ambobs miwis damuSavebaze da urCevnia siRaribis zRvars qvemoT

aRmoCeniT gauCndes Semosavlis alternatiuli wyaro - umweoTa daxmareba.

qvemoT CamoTvlili da gaanalizebulia is faqtorebi, ramac gamoiwvia aseTi savalalo mdgo-

mareoba soflis meurneobaSi.

a. investiciebi

soflis meurneobis seqtorSi ukve ori aTeuli welia mniSvnelovani investiciebi ar ganxor-

cielebula. 1992 wlidan moyolebuli irigaciis sistemam moSla daiwyo. sarwyavi miwebis

saerTo farTobi amis gamo 552 000 heqtaridan 290 000 heqtaramde Semcirda arada irigacia da

melioracia erT-erTi mTavaria mosavlianobisaTvis.

am periodis ganmavlobaSi ganadgurda soflis meurneobis teqnikis umetesoba. amortizirebuli

sabWoTa teqnika ver iZleva warmoebisTvis saWiro efeqts, amasTan, mTavrobis Tu donorebis

mier dafinansebuli programebiT Semoyvanili teqnikis raodenoba mcirea. sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlis Semdgom soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamamuSavebeli manqana - danadgarebis da

produqciis Sesanaxi macivrebis umravlesoba ganadgurda an jarTad iqna Cabarebuli aseve iqna

ganadgurebuli satransporto qseli, infrastruqtura da mowyobilobebi, rac zrdis bazarze

produqciis moxvedris danaxarjebs.

b. ruseTis faqtori

ruseTis embargom, romelic produqciis gasaRebis tradiciul bazars warmoadgenda mniS-

vnelovani ziani miayena soflis meurneobas. 2005 wlis bolodan aikrZala xilisa da bostneulis,

xolo 2006 wlis dasawyisidan – Rvinisa da mineraluri wylebis eqsporti. 2006 wels saqarT-

veloSi eqsporti 115 milioni dolariT Semcirda, saidanac daxloebiT 2/3 soflis meurneobis

produqciaze modis. mcire gamococxleba SeiniSnebo da 2008 wlamde, romelic Sewyda ruseT-

saqarTvelos omis da saerTaSoriso finansuri krizisis gamo. seriozuli problemebi Seqmna

omis Sedegad Sida qarTlisTvis miyenebulma zianma, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze produqtiuli

regionia saqarTveloSi. araoficialuri eqsporti, romlic samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis gav-

liT, farulad xorcieldeboda ruseTSi Sewyda administraciul sazRvarze samxedro kontrolis

gaZlierebis gamo. ruseTis bazris dakargvas grZelvadiani Sedegebi eqneba am dargisTvis.

63

g. mTavrobis politika

mTavrobas gaaCnia sami fundamenturi amocana: moaxdinos qveynis modernizeba, moaxdinos aq-

tivebis da servisebis privatizacia da Seqmnas xelsayreli biznes garemo. 2011 wlamde soflis

meurneoba ar warmoadgenda mTavrobis prioritets. Tumca mTavrobis mxridan iyo calkeuli, arc

Tu warmatebuli mcdelobebi, Sexmianeboda soflis meurneobis sferoSi arsebul problemebs:

e.w. „iafi kreditis“, “burebis” Camosaxlebis programebi, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis, nav-

Tobproduqtebisa da sasuqis darigeba soflad warmoadgenda erTjeradi xasiaTis mcdelobebs,

romelic gaTvlili iyo populistur Sedegze da ar isaxavda raime seriozuli cvlilebebis dawye-

bas am dargSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi aseTi programebis ganxorcieleba zrdis sabiujeto danaxarjebs,

aCens inflaciur molodinebs da praqtikulad nulovani efeqtis momtania.

mTavrobis mier soflis meurneobis ugulvebelyofa sabiujeto maCveneblebiTac mtkicdeba. ru-

seTis mier embargos SemoRebis Semdgom dargis dafinanseba gaizarda, Tumca umniSvnelod. 2011

wels saerTaSoriso bazrebze produqciis gaZvirebamde, mTavrobis finansuri gaTvlebiT soflis

meurneobis saministros dafinansebas 2013 wlisaTvis unda Seedgina 18.2 mln lari, anu biujetis

mxolod 0,4%.

d. soflis meurneobis saministros SesaZleblobebi

saministros ar Seswevs unari gaumklavdes dargSi arsebul gamowvevebs. uwyebas ar gaaCnia

strategia an politikis dokumenti. saministroSi, iseve rogorc mTlianad mTavrobaSi, xSiria

ministrebis cvla, rasac mosdevs xedvis cvlileba da aparatis reorganizacia. bolo 5 wlis man-

Zilze saministros personali Semcirda 70%-iT da funqciebis nawili gadaeca kerZo seqtors (mag.

veterinaruli da fitosanitaruli samsaxurebi).

e. ganaTleba, kvleva da konsultaciebi

am mimarTulebiT saqarTveloSi dRes mxolod mciredi keTdeba. mTavrobis xedvaa, rom es

mTlianad kerZo biznesis saqmea da saxelmwifos Carevas ar saWiroebs. soflis meurneobaSi

Catarebuli mcirericxovani kvlevebi ar aris dakavSirebuli sferoSi arsebul problemebTan an

prioritetuli mimarTulebebis gamovlenasTan. Semcirda sasoflo–sameurneo profilis profe-

siuli saswavleblebis raodenoba, agrarul universtitets gaaCnia moZvelebuli teqnikuri da

teqnologiuri saSualebebi da mwiri dafinanseba. profesiuli momzadebis/gadamzadebis centrebi,

romelic qveyanaSi funqcionirebs an ar iZleva safuZvlian codnas da es codna arasakmarisia.

aseve, ar aris naTlad Camoyalibebuli Tu rogor gauweven dargisTvis momzadebuli speciali-

stebi daxmarebas/momsaxurebas fermerebs. Sesabamisad, fermerebis umetesoba sakuTari Tavis da

codnis imedad aris mitovebuli arsebul problemebTan gasamklaveblad.

v. daavadebebi

soflis meurneobis dargi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi seriozulad dazaralda epidemiebiT, ro-

gorc memcenareobis, aseve mecxoveleobis sferoSi. sazRvrebze fito-sanitaruli kontrolis

gauqmebam, iseve rogorc veterinaruli servisebis dafinansebis Sewyvetam dramatulad imoqmeda

seqtorze. marTalia, qaTmis gripi saqarTveloSi masobrivad ar gavrcelebula, magram man Seam-

cira frinvelis moxmareba 2007-2008 wlebSi. samagierod, afrikuli Roris Wirma, romelic 2008

wels gavrcelda qveyanaSi, dramatulad Seamcira Roris suladoba da saqarTvelo ramdenime wliT

damokidebuli gaxada importze. memcenareobis seqtorSi farTod gavrcelda mRrRnelebi, ka-

liebi, e.w.” TeTri pepela” da sxvadasxva saxis parazituli daavadebebi da maT winaaRmdeg erTiani

brZolis gareSe calkeuli fermerebis mier ganxorcielebuli erTjeradi intervenciebi ara-

produqtiulia.

64

z. kreditebis xelisawvdomoba

miuxedavad finansur saxsrebze didi moTxovnisa, soflis meurneobis sferosTvis kreditebi

praqtikulad xelmiuwvdomelia. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebiT, 2011 wlis ivlisis

mdgomareobiT komerciul bankebs 6 TveSi gacemuli aqvT 812 milioni laris sesxi iuridiul

pirebze, sadac soflis meurneobis wili mxolod 3 milioni laria, anu mTeli Tanxis mxolod

0,3%. komerciuli bankebis dabali interesi seqtoris mimarT aixsneba maRali riskiT soflis

meurneobaSi, aseve naklebi mimzidvelobiT iseT seqtorebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa mSenebloba

an vaWroba da finansuri Suamavloba. amas, aseve, emateba fermerebis (gansakuTrebiT wvrili)

uunaroba SeimuSavon gamarTuli biznes gegma, an sxva saTanado dokumentacia.

T. dazRveva

miuxedavad imisa, rom sadazRvevo seqtori bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod swrafad viTarde-

ba saqarTveloSi, soflis meurneobis seqtori sadazRvevo kompaniebisTvis ar aris mimzidveli.

amis mizezia soflis meurneobaSi stiqiuri ubedurebebis sixSiriT gazrdili riskebi da dargis

dabali produqtiuloba.

i. miwa

1992 wlidan saxelmwifom daiwyo miwaze sakuTrebis uflebis gadacema qalaqad da soflad

macxovrebelTaTvis. sakuTrebaSi gadasacemi sasoflo sameurneo miwis mTliani fondi Seadgenda

763 000 heqtars. soflad mcxovrebT SexvdaT saSualod 1.25 heqtari, xolo qalaqad macxovreb-

lebs – kidev ufro naklebi. 464 000 heqtari darCa saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi, romlisgan 299 000

heqtari ijariT gaica fermerebze. darCenili 165 000 heqtari darCa saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi da

sargeblobaSi. saboloo jamSi, 2005 wlisaTvis fermerTa sargeblobaSi imyofeboda daaxloebiT 1

000 000 heqtari sasoflo–sameurneo miwa. 2005 wels Catarda sasoflo sameurneo miwebis aRwera

da gamovlinda rom 726 021 pirs aqvs mflobelobaSi miwa, romlis saSualo farTobi aris 1,37 heq-

tari. daaxloebiT 140 000 pirs aqvs miwa mflobelobaSi, romlis farTobi 0.2 heqtarze naklebia.

damatebiT, 360 000 piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli miwa 1 heqtarze naklebia. daaxloebiT 16 000

fermers aqvs 4 heqtari da meti miwa mflobelobaSi, rac mTeli sasoflo sameurneo miwis 40%-s

Seadgens.

rogorc monacemebidan Cans, sasoflo sameurneo miwa Zalian danawevrebulia. patar-patara

nakveTebi araefeqturia sasoflo sameurneo warmoebis TvalsazrisiT, aseve miwis nawili mocde-

nilia Sida gzebis da damakavSirebeli bilikebis gamo. wvrili fermerebisTvis sasoflo-sameur-

neo teqnikis an sameurneo novaciebis SeZena/danergva ararentabeluria.

zemoT moyvanili problemebis gamo, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis mniSvnelovani nawili daumuSavebe-

lia. amasTan, sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad, 5 heqtaramde miwis mflobelebi ganTavisuflebuli

arian gadasaxadebisagan, rac mflobelebs ar uCens motivacias ijariT gascen an sulac gankargon

gamouyenebeli miwa.

k. fermerebi

wvrili fermerebi mTeli rigi gamowvevebis winaSe dganan. fermerebs uWirT: a) aiRon krediti

gonivruli saprocento ganakveTiT, b) SeiZinon maRali xarisxis Tesli, g) Seisyidon teqnika da

mowyobilobebi, romlis gamoyeneba mcire farTobze, rogorc wesi, ararentabeluria, d) miiRon

informacia agrarul sferoSi Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb, e) moaxdinon sakuTari produqciis

marketingi.

65

am problemis daZlevis erT-erTi gza iqneboda fermeruli kooperativebis Seqmna. Tumca, ro-

gorc mTavrobaSi, aseve fermerebSi kooperativi iwvevs sabWoTa kolmeurneobis asociacias da

mis mimarT negatiuri damokidebulebaa. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom sagadasaxado kodeqsi

mniSvnelovan SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebs fizikur pirebze, romlebic dasaqmebulni arian soflis

meurneobaSi. garda 5 heqtramde miwaze arsebuli qonebis gadasaxadze SeRavaTisas, sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebaSi dasaqmebuli piri gaTavisuflebulia mogebis gadasaxadisgan Tu erTobli-

vi Semosavali wliurad ar aRemateba 200 000 lars. sasoflo sameurneo warmoebaSi dasaqmebuli

piri mTlianad aris gaTavisuflebuli damatebuli Rirebulebis gadsasaxadisagan (garda ramden-

ime saxis produqciis, mag kvercxis warmoebisas).

samwuxarod, soflis meurneobaSi dawesebuli sagadaxado SeRavaTebi ar vrceldeba iuridiul

pirebze. Sesabamisad, fermerebis mier kooperativebis an amxanagobebis dafuZneba aramomgebiania.

1. soflis meurneobis Camoyalibeba biznesisTvis mimzidvel dargad

a. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba

mizanSewonilia saSemosavlo da damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadiT fizikur pirTaTvis gansaz-

Rvruli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi gavrceldes iuridiul pirebzec. es xels Seuwyobs soflis

meurneobis biznesdargad Camoyalibebas.

damatebiT, is iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic uSualod soflis meurneobis pirveladi produqciis

warmoebaSi ganaxorcieleben 500 000 larze metis investicias, 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTavisufl-

debian mogebis gadasaxadisagan, agreTve soflis meurneobis pirveladi produqciis gadama-

muSavebel warmoebaSi investiciis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi - mogebis gadasaxadisagan.

analogiuri meTodi saxelmwifom ukve gamoiyena turizmis sferoSi qobuleTis da baTumis turis-

tul zonebSi, ramac xeli Seuwyo mis ganviTarebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom SemoTavazebuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba ar gamoiwvevs sagadasaxado

Semosavlebis Semcirebas, vinaidan individualuri fermerebi, romlebic soflis meurneobis

produqciis 95%–s awarmoeben, isedac gaTavisuflebulni arian gadasaxadebisagan.

b. sakredito resursis xelmisawvdomoba

soflis meurneobis seqtorSi investiciebis mosazidad mniSvnelovania sakredito resursis

gaiafeba. wvrili da saSualo fermerebis sakredito resursebze xelmisawvdomobisaTvis saxelm-

wifo biujetSi mizanSewonilia gamoiyos saxsrebi, romelic moaxdens sabanko procentis mTli-

anad an nawilobriv subsidirebas.

amasTan, Cveni azriT, mxolod sakredito resursis gaiafeba glexuri meurneobebisTvis Sedegs

ver gamoiRebs. wvrili fermerebi, romelTac miwis mxolod mcire farTobi gaaCniaT, ver moax-

erxeben efeqtiani sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis Camoyalibebas. amasTan, miwis damuSavebis,

produqciis Senaxvis, transportirebis danaxarjebi mcire fermers gacilebiT did tvirTad

daawveba. aseve, maRalia riski miRebuli saxsrebis aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebisa. glexur

meurneobebs gauWirdebaT gamarTuli biznes gegmis Sedgena da Sesabamisad dafinansebis mopoveba.

SeRavaTiani sakredito resursi, pirvel rigSi, xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes fermeruli gaerTiane-

bebisaTvis, romlebic dafuZndebian amxanagobebad an kooperativebad. amasTan, pirvel etapze,

gaerTianebebis dafuZnebis xelSewyobisTvis maTi sajaro registracia ufaso unda iyos. SeRava-

66

Tiani kreditebi prioritetulad gamoeyofa im fermerul gaerTianebebs, romelTac mflobelo-

baSi aqvT 40 heqtari da meti miwa, hyavT 40 da meti msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi da aerTianebs

minimum 2 da met fermers. maRalmTian regionebSi es moTxovnebi SeiZleba ufro naklebi iyos.

fermeruli gaerTianebebi SeRavaTian sesxebs miiReben komerciuli bankebidan, saTanadod Sedge-

nili ganacxadis da gaangariSebuli biznes gegmebis safuZvelze. SeRavaTiani sesxi unda gaices

Semdegi miznobriobiT:

1. sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebis warmoeba, maRalproduqtiuli Teslis, sakvebis, Sxam-qimi-

katebis SeZena;

2. fermis mowyoba;

3. sasaTbure meurneobis mowyoba;

4. produqciis Sesanaxi centris (maT. Soris macivrebis) mowyoba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmwifos iniciativa – Seiqmnas msxvili sawyobebi produqciis Sesanaxad,

araefeqturia. pirvel rigSi aseTi saxis sawyobebi orientirebuli iqneba umetesad importire-

buli produqciis dasawyobebaze, vinaidan fermerebisTvis aseT centrebSi sakuTari produqciis

transportirebis da dasawyobebis xarjebi sakmaod maRali iqneba. mniSvnelovania, rom fermerebs

sakuTari produqciis Senaxva SeeZloT fermasTan axlos da ara ramdenime aTeuli kilometris

moSorebiT.

sasaTbure meurneobebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovania uwyveti (da ara sezonuri) sasoflo-sameur-

neo ciklis CamoyalibebisaTvis saqarTveloSi. dargs unda SeeZlos produqciaze adgilobrivi

moTxovnis 70-80%-is dakmayofileba mTeli wlis manZilze. sasaTbure meurneobebis energiis

wyarod SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas Termuli wylebi, agreTve mzis da qaris energia. saqarTvelos

iafi energiis wyaroebis mxriv udidesi potenciali gaaCnia.

fermeruli meurneobebis xelSewyobisa da maTTvis SeRavaTiani kreditebis xelmisawvdomobisaT-

vis unda SemuSavdes saxelmwifo programa, romlic moaxdens sabanko procentis subsidirebas

mTlianad an nawilobriv. sasurvelia, fermerul meurneobebze gaices weliwadSi 50-60 milioni

laris kreditebi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saprocento ganakveTs, romelic 30%-ia da viangariSebT,

rom saxelmwifo sabanko procentis 2/3-is subsidirebas moaxdens pirveli 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

es saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba sul 50 milioni lari, anu weliwadSi sul 12.5 milioni lari.

g. dazRveva

dazRveva farTod gamoiyeneba soflis meurneobaSi aSS-s, evropis, laTinuri amerikis, aziis

da afrikis umetes qveyanaSi. miuxedavad imisa rom msoflioSi dazRvevis mravalgvari sistemaa

aprobirebuli (mosavlis, Semosavlis, mosavlianobis, fasebis da a.S), pirvel etapze saqarT-

veloSi mizanSewonilia stiqiuri movlenebis winaaRmdeg dazRvevis Camoyalibebaa. mxedvelobaSi

gvaqvs setyva, wyaldidoba, qariSxliT, xanZrebi da am tipis bunebrivi movlenebi. statistikuri

monacemebi mowmobs, rom saqarTveloSi mosavlianobaze amindi 50% da metad axdens gavlenas.

rac Seexeba mecxoveleobas, aq ZiriTadi riski epidemiuri daavadebebia. imisaTvis, rom soflis

meurneobaSi dazRvevis sistema Seiqmnas ori pirobis dakmayofilebaa aucilebeli. pirvel rigSi,

dazRvevam unda moicvas fermerTa (rogorc mecxoveleobaSi, aseve memcenareobaSi dasaqmebuli)

mniSvnelovani raodenoba, raTa sadazRvevo Senatani ar iyos Zalian maRali. meore rigSi, saxelm-

wifom unda ikisros aqtiuri roli sadazRvevo sistemis CamoyalibebaSi, gansakuTrebiT pirvel

etapze. aRsaniSnavia, rom soflis meurneobis dazRvevis sistemaSi yvela qveyanaSi saxelmwifo

aqtiur rols TamaSobs.

soflis meurneobaSi dazRvevis sistemis Camoyalibeba unda moxdes vauCeruli sistemis gamoy-

67

enebiT. sadazRvevo vauCerebma unda moicvas mTeli qveyana, pirvel etapze ramdenime sapilote

regioni. soflis meurneobis sadazRvevo vauCerebma unda moicvas sadazRvevo xarjebis minimum

50%-is anazRaureba. xarjebis danarCeni 50% fermerebis, glexebis TanamonawileobiT daifareba.

imisaTvis, rom kuponis ganaRdeba moxdes, fermerebma is unda warudginon sadazRvevo kom-

paniebs. Tavis mxriv, sadazRvevo kompaniebi daafiqsireben, Tu ra saxis produqciis moyvanas

gegmaven fermerebi, ra farTobze da ramdeni tona mosavlis aRebaa navaraudevi.

eqspertuli gaTvlebiT sadazRvevo xarjebma memcenareobaSi SeiZleba Seadginos 55 lari 1

heqtarze (mosavlis Rirebulebis 5,5%), xolo mecxoveleobaSi – 80 lari 1 sul msxvilfexa

saqonelze (pirutyvis Rirebulebis 8%). Tu dazRvevis xarjebis naxevars saxelmwifo dafaravs, es

weliwadSi Seadgens savaraudod 81,25 milion lars (1 milioni heqtari saxnav-saTes miwaze da 1 mil-

ioni msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze gaangariSebiT).

sadazRvevo sistemis amoqmedeba moawesrigebs soflis meurneobis statistikas; xelmisawvdoms

gaxdis dargSi dasaqmebul fermerTa, gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobis Sesaxeb informacias.

d. sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyoba

Tu ar CavTvliT meRvineobis seqtors, dReisaTvis sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadama-

muSavebeli sawarmoebi TiTze CamosaTvlelia. xSir SemTxvevaSi fermerebi moweul Warb mosavals

TviTRirebulebaze nakleb fasadac yidian, vinaidan ar arsebobs produqciis gasaRebis alterna-

tiuli saSualeba. amave dros, samomxmareblo bazarze Warbad aris msoflios mravali qveynidan

importirebuli bostneulis Tu xilis konservi. mTavrobis politika am sferoSi unda efuZne-

bodes adgilobrivi gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyobas. am mizniT sasurvelia is biznes-

menebi, romlebic daafuZneben sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebs, 4

wlis vadiT gaTavisufldnen yvela tipis gadasaxadisagan.

e. Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi

saqarTveloSi Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi fermerTa umravlesobisaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia. es

ganpirobebulia, erTis mxriv, maRali fasiT, rasac xels uwyobs sferoSi monopoliis arseboba,

romelic ZiriTadad importzea damokidebuli. meores mxriv, Sxam-qimikatebis da pesticidebis

gasaRebis centrebi ar aris ganTavsebuli municipalitetebis umravlesobaSi, rac kidev ufro aZvi-

rebs fass transportirebis xarjebis gamo.

saxelmwifo politika am segmentSi unda waaxalisos konkurenciam. vinaidan Sxam-qimikatebis da

pesticidebis didi nawili importirebulia, maqsimalurad konkurentuli pirobebi unda Seiqmnas

am produqciis SemotanisTvis. saxelmwifom konkurenciis xelSewyobis saagentos meSveobiT, aseve

aqtiuri monitoringi unda ganaxorcielos Sida bazarze arsebul sabiTumo fasebze.

Sxam-qimikatebsa da pesticidebze fermerebisaTvis xelmisawvdomobis gazrdis mizniT saxelmwi-

fom unda gaataros saboloo fasis CamoyalibebaSi Tanamonawileobis politika – myidvelisT-

vis, romelic produqcias ar iZens reeqsportis mizniT, saxelmwifos Tanadafinansebis xarjze

miRweuli unda iqnas fasis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba. Sxam-qimikatebze da pesticidebze fasebis

30-40%-iT Semcirebis mizniT saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos yovelwliurad 12.5 milioni

lari.

Sxam-qimikatebsa da pesticidebze xelmisawvdomobis zrdasTan erTad mniSvnelovania xarisxis kon-

troli, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli vadagasuli an uxarisxo saSualebebis qveyanaSi Semotana.

am mizniT saxelmwifom unda gaaZlieros xarisxis kontroli da ganaxorcielos Sxam-qimikatebis

da pesticidebis importiori da distributori kompaniebis produqciis serTificireba.

68

am RonisZiebebis gatarebisTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos yovelwliurad daaxloe-

biT 13.2 milioni lari.

v. sawvavi

sawvavze, gansakuTrebiT dizelis sawvavze maRali fasis gamo, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis

teqnikiT damuSaveba glexuri da wvrili da saSualo fermeruli meurneobebisaTvis xelmiuwvdo-

melia. am problemis mogvarebis mizniT mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos aqtiuri Careva da fermer-

TaTvis SeRavaTebis daweseba. migvaCnia, rom sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebiT importirebuli

sawvavi unda gaTavisufldes damatebuli Rirebulebis da aqcizis gadasaxadebisagan, rac mniS-

vnelovan SeRavaTs miscems fermerebs. soflis meurneobisaTvis gankuTvnili sawvavis aradaniS-

nulebisamebr gamoyenebisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT produqti unda daeqvemdebaros specialur

markirebas. garda amisa, markirebuli sawvavi unda gaiyidos specialur qselSi, raTa Tavidan

iqnas acilebuli misi aradaniSnulebiT gamoyeneba. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi gazrdis sawvavis mox-

marebas soflis meurneobaSi da mniSvnelovan danakargs ar moutans saxelmwifo biujetis Semo-

savlebs.

2. soflis meurneobis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba

a. samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacia

reabilitaciis programam miznad unda daisaxos sabWoTa periodisTvis arsebuli sistemis re-

abilitacia. reabilitirebulma sistemam unda moicvas 469 000 heqtari irigirebuli saxnav-saTesi

da 163 000 heqtari drenaJirebuli saxnav-saTesi farTobi.

reabilitaciis programa savaraudod moicavs 4-5 wels da Semdeg komponentebs:

1. irigaciis sistemis reabilitacia

2. drenaJis sistemis reabilitacia

3. mdinareTa napir-samagri da irigaciis sistemis reabilitacia.

2001 wels msoflio bankis SefasebiT, am sistemis reabilitacias sWirdeboda 30 mln aSS dolari.

inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, sistemis reabilitacias dasWirdeba 50-55 mln aSS dolari, anu, daax-

loebiT 80 milioni lari. savaraudod, yovelwliurad irigaciis da drenaJis sistemis reabilita-

ciisTvis unda gamoiyos saxelmwifo biujetidan 20 milioni lari.

b. sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia

ukve 15-20 weliwadia am mimarTulebiT araferi gakeTebula. saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi mniS-

vnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitaciasTan erTad mniSvnelovania savargulebTan misasv-

leli gzebis reabilitaciac. xSir SemTxvevaSi es gzebi mewyrebis da didi xnis mouvlelobis gamo

Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia da savargulebTan misvla gansakuTrebiT maRali gamavlobis mqone

teqnikis gareSe rTulia.

problemis gadawyvetis mizniT aucilebelia saxelmwifo biujetidan, etapobrivad, 4 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi gamoiyos specialuri transferi municipalitetebisaTvis, romelic unda moxmardes

savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacias da movla - Senaxvas. am mizniT saxelmwifo

biujetidan 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda gamoiyos 60 milioni lari, anu 15 milioni lari - yovelw-

liurad.

69

g. meqanizacia

sursaTis warmoebis gazrdis mizniT aucilebelia sasoflo-sameurneo manqana- danadgarebis aR-

Wurvilobis SeZenisa da momsaxurebis centrebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi arsebu-

li parki 7 aTasamde erTeuls iTvlis, saidanac 70%-ze mets gasuli aqvs eqspluataciis vada, rac

zrdis maTi eqspluataciis xarjs, amcirebs damuSavebis xarisxs da agrovadebSi maTi gamoyenebis

SesaZleblobas. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia saqarTvelos yvela municipalitetSi meqanizaciis ser-

viscentrebis mowyoba da maTi aRWurva axali sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikiT.

soflis meurneobis meqanizaciis 4 - wlianma programam unda uzrunvelyos sasoflo-sameurneo

teqnikis (traqtorebi, kombainebi da a.S) SeZena da saqarTvelos yvela municipalitetSi dafuZneb-

uli meqanizaciis centrebisaTvis gadacema lizingis wesiT.sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SeZenamde

gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas TiToeuli regionis specifika, vinaidan sasoflo-sameurneo zonebis

da erTwliani da mravalwliani kulturebis naTesebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli saxis teqnikaa

saWiro. Sesabamisad, SeZenili sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika maqsimalurad unda iyos morgebuli

adgilobriv saWiroebebs.

5000-mde erTeuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SeZenas 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi dasWirdeba, sa-

varaudod, 150 milion laramde, weliwadSi – 37.5 milioni lari.

3. fermerTa momsaxureba da konsultacia

fermerTa konsultaciis servisebis mowyoba gadamwyvetia soflis meurneobis dargis aRorZinebi-

saTvis. am servisis Seqmnam xeli unda Seuwyos erTis mxriv gadamdebi daavadebebis prevencias,

xolo meores mxriv, mosavlis misaRebad Sxam-qimikatebis swor gamoyenebas.

fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebi unda Seiqmnas yvela municipalitetSi, romelsac daevaleba

fermeruli da glexuri meurneobebisaTvis ufaso konsultacia soflis meurneobasTan dakav-

Sirebul sakiTxebze. sakonsultacio centrebis meSveobiT mudmiv profesiul trenings gaivlian

da informaciiT momaragdebian, aseve, agronomebi da veterinarebi, romlebic unda muSobdnen

municipalitetebis yvela TemSi.

a. produqtiuli jiSebis, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba

soflis meurneobis saministros monacemebiT msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis mTliani suladobis

70-75 procenti dabalproduqtiulia. identuri situaciaa memcenareobis kuTxiTac. mniSvnelova-

nia, rom fermerTa municipalurma sakonsultacio centrebma, aseve TiToeul TemSi veterinarma

da agronomma moaxdinon fermerTa codnis amaRleba am mimarTulebiT.

fermerebs unda gaewioT regularuli konsultacia mecxoveleobasa da memcenareobaSi maRal-

produqtiuli jiSebis Taobaze. fermerebs unda ganemartoT Tu ra sargebels naxaven isini

siaxleebis danergviT, Tu rogor SeuZliaT maRalproduqtiuli jiSebis SeZena da rogor unda

moxdes maTi movla. fermerul meurneobebs SeRavaTiani sesxis programam saSualeba unda misces

maRalproduqtiuli jiSebi SeiZinon sesxis saSualebiT.

b. produqciis mimReb - gadamamuSavebeli centrebis, gasaRebis bazrebis Sesaxeb informaciis

gavrceleba

mniSvnelovania, rom fermerebi, sakonsultacio centrebis meSveobiT flobdnen informacias

saqarTveloSi moqmedi sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis mimReb–gadamamuSavebeli centrebis

70

Sesaxeb. kerZod, centrebis mdebareobis, maTi warmoebis moculobis, produqciaze dadgenili

xarisxobrivi kriteriumebis Taobaze.

aseve, mniSvnelovania fermerebs hqondeT informacia Sida bazarze sxvadasxva produqciaze

moTxovnis moculobis, aseve, fasebis Taobaze.

soflis meurneobis saministro regularulad unda axdendes am informaciis mogrovebas, da-

muSavebas da mosalodneli moTxovnis prognozirebas. aseTi saxis informaciis fermerebisaTvis

miwodebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs sasoflo - sameurneo warmoebis sworad dagegmvisaTvis.

fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebis Camosayalibeblad saxelmwifo biujetidan yovelwliurad

unda gamoiyos 7,5 milioni lari.

g. veterinaruli da agronomiuli momsaxureba

aucilebelia municipalitetebis yvela TemSi arsebobdes veterinari da agronomi, romelsac sax-

elmwifo biujeti daafinansebs.

veterinarma unda uzrunvelyos Temis teritoriaze cxovelTa registracia da Seqmnas monacemTa

baza. veterinaris funqcia iqneba, aseve, cxovelTa daavadebebis sawinaaRmdego ufaso pro-

filaqtikuri vaqcinacia. yvela municipalitetis doneze unda Seiqmnas biopreparatebis sarezer-

vo fondi, romelic epidemiis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebul iqneba epidemiis salikvidacio

RonisZiebebis gasatareblad.

agronomma unda uzrunvelyos fermerTa ufaso konsultacia Sxam-qimikatebisa da pesticidebis

gamoyenebis Taobaze, raTa miRweul iqnas maRali mosavlianoba da mavneblebisagan mcena-

reTa dacva. maRal mosavlianobasTan erTad miRweul unda iqnes produqciis uvnebloba da

Sesabamisad,moxmarebuli Sxam-qimikatebisa da pesticidebis gamoyenebis monitoringi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv saxelmwifos mier Camosayalibebelia sistema, romelic daadgens Sxam-

qimikatebisa da pesticidebis gamoyenebis normebs TiToeuli saxis mcenareze, xolo, am stand-

artebis dacvis monitoringi unda ganaxorcielon agronomebma.

mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes aseve mavne organizmebis gavrceleba-ganviTarebis prognozirebis

sistema, xolo TiToeuli municipalitetis mixedviT Seiqmnas sagangebo situaciebis salikvida-

ciod preparatebis sarezervo fondi.

agronomisa da veterinaris institutis Camoyalibeba Temis doneze saxelmwifo biujets daujde-

ba 12.5 milion laramde wlis ganmavlobaSi.

agronomebi da veterinarebi regularulad unda maragdebodnen soflis meurneobis saministro-

dan siaxleebis Sesaxeb informaciiT, broSurebiT da bukletebiT. aseve, isini unda gadiodnen

periodul trenings fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebSi.

4. ganaTleba da codna soflis meurneobaSi

qveyanaSi agraruli seqtoris mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom kaxeTis regionSi, qalaq

siRnaRSi unda Seiqmnas agraruli profilis Zlieri sauniversiteto ganaTlebis Tanamedrove

centri.

aseve, sxva saxelmwifo universitetebSi unda SemuSavdes saswavlo programebi, romelsac saxelm-

wifo srulad daafinansebs.

a.1000 veterinaris da 1000 agronomis momzadeba

dReisaTvis qveyana ganicdis kvalificiuri veterinarebisa da agronomebis deficits. is kadrebi,

romlebis sabWoTa dros muSobdnen sapensio asaks miRweuli arian, an ganicades dekvalifika-

71

cia. mniSvnelovania, SemuSavdes saxelmwifo programa, romelic 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi moamzadebs

an gadaamzadebs ukve arsebul agronomebs da veterinarebs maRalkvalificiur specialistebad.

agronomebi da veterinarebi unda dasaqmdnen municipalitetebis yvela TemSi, anu arsebobs minimum

1000 agronomis da veterinaris saWiroeba.

pirvel etapze aqcenti unda gakeTdes arsebuli agronomebis da veterinarebis gadamzadebaze,

romlis paraleluradac specialuri programebis farglebSi umaRlesi saswavleblebi moamzadeben

axalgazrda specialistebs.

vinaidan am sferoze maRalia moTxovna, saxsrebis gadanawileba unda moxdes sxva, nakleb prior-

itetuli specialobebidan. am mizniT damatebiT sabiujeto saxsrebis gamoyofa ar aris aucile-

beli.

5. sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis xarisxis kontroli/sasursaTo usafrTxoeba

saqarTveloSi sursaTis xarisxis kontrolis SemoReba saxelmwifo interesia. es evrokavSiris

moTxovnacaa. produqciaze xarisxis kontrolis daweseba gamoiwvevs uxarisxo da mavne produqciis

akrZalvas, romelic ZiriTadad importirebulia da arakonkurentunarian pirobebSi ayenebs sama-

mulo produqcias. sursaTze xarisxis kontrolis SemoRebiT gaizrdeba moTxovna qarTul saso-

flo–sameurneo produqciaze, rac stimuls miscems produqciis raodenobis da xarisxis zrdas,

Sesabamisad gamoiwvevs Semosavlebis da dasaqmebis maCveneblebis zrdas.

am mizniT saxelmwifo biujetidan saxsrebis damatebiT gamoyofa ar aris aucilebeli. donori or-

ganizaciebi, gansakuTrebiT evrokavSiri, aqtiur finansur daxmarebas uwevs saqarTvelos sursaTis

uvneblobis sferoSi.

6. qveynis biujetidan soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze gamoyofili saxsrebis finans-

uri gaangariSeba

sul soflis meurneobis seqtoris gaZlierebisaTvis yovelwliurad saxelmwifo biujetidan unda

gamoiyos daaxloebiT 198 milioni lari, anu mTliani biujetis daaxloebiT 2,8%-ia.

RonisZieba qveRonisZie-

ba

wlis dafi-

nanseba (mln

lari)

dafinan-

seba sul

(mln lari)

finansuri gaangariSeba

soflis meurneobis

Camoyalibeba bizne-

sisTvis mimzidvel

dargad

375

sagadasaxado

SeRavaTebi

- - ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-

fas.

sakredito

resursis

xelmisawvdo-

moba

12,5 50 sasurvelia fermerul meurneobe-

bze gaices weliwadSi 50-60 milioni

laris kreditebi. Tu gaviTval-

iswinebT saprocento ganakveTs,

romelic 30%-ia da viangariSebT,

rom saxelmwifo moaxdens sabanko

procentis 2/3-is subsidirebas

pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, es

saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba sul

50 milioni lari, anu weliwadSi

sul 12,5 milioni lari.

72

dazRveva 81,25 325 eqspertuli gaTvlebiT sadaz-

Rvevo xarjebma memcenareobaSi

SeiZleba Seadginos 55 lari 1

heqtarze (mosavlis Rirebulebis

5,5%), xolo mecxoveleobaSi 80

lari 1 sul msxvilfexa saqonel-

ze (pirutyvis Rirebulebis 8%).

Tu dazRvevis xarjebis naxevars

saxelmwifo dafaravs, es weli-

wadSi Seadgens savaraudod 81,25

milion lars (1 milion heqtari

saxnav-saTes miwaze da 1 milion

msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze

gaangariSebiT).

sasoflo–

sameurneo

produq-

ciis gadama-

muSavebeli

sawarmoebis

xelSewyoba.

ga-

dasaxadebi-

sagan gaTavi-

sufleba

- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-

fas.

Sxam-qimi-

katebi da

pesticidebi

13.12 52.5 wlis ganmavlobaSi 1 heqtarze

saS. pesticidebis da Sxam qimi-

katebis danaxarji Seadgens 150-

200lars (meryeobs kulturebis

da regionebis mixedviT). Tu

saxelmwifo moaxdens 30%-is

subsidirebas sul xarji Seadgens

50lars erT ojaxze anu mTliano-

baSi daaxloebiT 50 milioni

lari; damatebiT 500 aTasi lari

yovelwliurad serTificirebi-

sTvis.

sawvavi gadasax-

adebisagan

gaTavisu-

fleba

- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-

fas.

soflis meurneobis

infrastruqturis

gaumjobeseba

342,5

samelio-

racio da

drenaJis

sistemebis

reabilita-

cia

20 80 2001 wels msoflio bankis mier

ganxorcielebuli SefasebiT, am

sistemis reabilitacias sWird-

eboda 30 mln aSS dolari. infla-

ciis gaTvaliswinebiT, sistemis

reabilitacias dasWirdeba 50-55

mln aSS dolari, anu daaxloebiT

80 milioni lari.

73

meqanizacia 37,5 150 5000-mde sasoflo-sameurneo

teqnikis SeZenas dasWirdeba

savaraudod 150 mln lari (sa-

Sualod 30 000 lari erTeuli

teqnika).

sasoflo-

sameurneo

savar-

gulebTan

misasvleli

gzebis re-

abilitacia.

15 60 60 municipaliteti, 1 milioni

lari municipalitetze.

fermerTa momsax-

ureba da konsul-

tacia

80

fermerTa

sakonsulta-

cio cen-

trebi

7,5 30 60 municipalitetSi - 100 000

lari erT municipalitetze.

veterina-

ruli da

agronomiuli

momsaxureba

12,5 50 agronomisa da veterinaris insti-

tutis Camoyalibeba Temis doneze

saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba

12,5 milion laramde wlis gan-

mavlobaSi (1000 agronomi da

1000 veterinari; 10000 lari erT

Temze).

ganaTleba da codna

soflis meurneobaSi

1000 vet-

erinaris da

agronomis

momzadeba

ganaTlebi-

sTvis

gaTval-

iswinebuli

dafinansebis

farglebSi

- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-

fas.

sursaTis xarisxis

kontroli

EU-sTan aRe-

buli val-

debulebebis

farglebSi

- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-

fas.

sul 198 797

74

Tavi VI. xelmisawvdomi jandacva da zrunva adamianebze

1. arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva

gardamavali periodisa da reformebis Sedegad, saqarTvelos jandacvis sistema dascilda jan-

dacvis mowyobis mkacrad centralizebul models da dResdReobiT, jandacvis sistemisa da misi

komponentebis marTva decentralizebulia, xolo saministros xelmZRvaneli funqcia oficialu-

rad koncentrirdeba politikis SemuSavebasa da regulirebaze.

dafinansebis sistemis mravaljeradi reformirebis Sedegad jandacvis servisebi finansdeba saer-

To -sabiujeto SemosavlebiT da orientirebulia Raribi mosaxleobis (qveynis mosaxleobis 25%

- mde) miznobriv daxmarebaze danarCeni mosaxleobis SezRuduli mocviT. saxelmwifo saxsrebis

mniSvnelovani nawili(Raribi mosaxleobis samedicino daxmarebis programis farglebSi) xmardeba

kerZo sadazRvevo kompaniebTan saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebs.

jandacvis infrastruqturasa da sakadro resursebis investirebaSi,miuxedavad donorebisa da

kerZo wyaroebidan dafinansebis zrdisa, sasurveli done jer ar aris miRweuli.

farmacevtuli bazari kargad aris ganviTarebuli da uzrunvelyofs farmacevtuli produq-

ciis sakmarisi moculobebis miwodebas. amis miuxedavad, xarisxiani samedicino preparatebisa da

saxarji masalebis finansuri xelmisawvdomoba jer kidev problematuria. adgili aqvs calkeuli

farmacevtuli kompaniebis mxridan wamlebze monopoliuri fasebis dawesebas, arasakmarisia

farmacevtuli bazris regulireba.

sakadro resursebis momzadeba, maTi treningi da uwyveti ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa jer kidev

saWiroebs Tanamedrove standartebamde ayvanas.

sakadro resursebis unar-Cvevebi, romlebic mosaxleobas awvdian momsaxurebas, optimalur do-

neze dabalia.

sazogadoebrivi jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebis sistema centralizebulia da daavadebaTa

kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centris saxiT aris warmodgenili.

sazogadoebrivi jandacvis funqciebis ganxorcielebis Sesabamisi dafinanseba arasakmarisia da

Sesabamisad araa efeqturi.

jandacvis sistemis muSaobaSi arsebulma da mimdinare problemebma janmrTelobis ganmsazRvrel

calkeul socialur da garemo pirobebTan asocirebuli faqtorebis gauaresebasTan erTad,

savaraudod, grZelvadiani negatiuri zegavlena iqonia saqarTvelos mosaxleobis janmrTelobis

mdgomareobaze.

gardamavali periodis ganmavlobaSi mkveTrad gauaresda janmrTelobis ZiriTadi indikatorebi,

rogoricaa sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba dabadebisas, aseve Cvil bavSvTa, xuT wlamde

asakis bavSvTa da dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli. marTalia, 2000 wlidan am maCveneblebSi

aRiniSneba mdgradi pozitiuri tendencia, Tumca xelmisawvdomi monacemebi iZleva safuZvels,

vivaraudoT, rom jer kidev bevri SesaZlebloba arsebobs gaumjobesebisaTvis,raSic jandacvis

sistemis ukeT funqcionirebas sakuTari wvlilis Setana SeuZlia.

saqarTvelos mTavrobas aRebuli aqvs valdebuleba uzrunvelyos yoveli moqalaqisaTvis janmr-

Telobis uflebis realizaciisaTvis saWiro informaciisa da xarisxiani samedicino momsaxurebis

xelmisawvdomoba. aRniSnuli gancxadebulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi da jandacvis kanonmde-

75

blobaSi, garda amisa saqarTvelos xeli aqvs mowerili rig umniSvnelovanes saerTaSoriso kon-

venciebsa da SeTanxmebebze.

jandacvis msoflio organizaciis gansazRvrebiT,jandacvis sistemas Seadgens „yvela moqmedi

piri, institucia da resursi,romelic axorcielebs jandacvis RonisZiebebs, anu RonisZiebebs,

romelTa umTavresi mizania janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba“.

jandacvis sistemis Zireuli miznidan erT-erTi da faqtobrivad, saboloo mizania mosaxleobis

janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, xolo sistemis efqturobis Sefasebis mizniT unda

gaanalizdes uzrunvelyofs Tu ara jandacvis sistema janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mxriv sa-

surveli Sedegebis miRebas. Sesabamisad, jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier jandacvis siste-

mis efeqturobis Sefasebis mizniT ganisazRvra jandacvis sistemis funqcionirebis Sefasebis

ZiriTadi indikatorebi, rogoric aris:

1. mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba;

2. jandacvis sistemis marTvis funqcia;

3. Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawvdo-

moba;

4. jandacvis momsaxurebis xarisxi da Sedegebi, janmrTelobis xelSewyoba da daavadebebis

prevencia;

5. jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, jandacvis sistemis resursebis

racionaluri ganawileba;

6. jandacvis sainformacio sistema.

saqarTvelos bolodroindeli politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sedegad jandacvis

infraqtruqtura savalalo mdgomareobaSia, samedicino momsaxureba arasrulad finansdeba,

adamianTa resursebi racionaluradar aris ganawilebuli sistemaSi. saWiroa eqimebis, eqTnebis

da menejerebis codnis da unar-Cvevebis mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli praqtikis principebTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvana.

mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba

jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT zogadad, saqarTvelos jandacvis indikatorebi

uaresia vidre evropis sxva qveynebis jandacvis indikatorebis saSualo maCvenebli.

jandacvis ZiriTdi indikatorebi

saqarTveloSi sicocxlis xangrZlivobis maCvenebli axlos aris evropis regionis maCveneblebTan

da Seadgens 74.5 wels, xolo evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebulia 77 weli.

marTalia, dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli bolo wlebSi gaumjobesda, magram mainc maRali

rCeba. saqarTveloSi 1990-1997 wlebSi aRiniSneboda dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCveneblis swrafi

zrda, Tumca bolo ramdenime welia es maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad Semcirda da 2008 wels minimalur

mniSvnelobas miaRwia - 14,3.

2009 wels, daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnuli centrisa da saqstatis Sejerebuli monacemebiT,

sagrZnoblad imata gardacvlil dedaTa ricxvma da maCvenebeli gaizarda 52,1-mde, maSin rodesac

evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebelia 14,692

2janmos kvleva

76

ilustracia #1.

aseve, maRalia saqarTveloSi erT wlamde da 5 wlamde asakis bavSvTa sikvdilianobis registri-

rebuli maCvenebeli yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respublikebTan SedarebiT da mniSvnelovnad

aRemateba evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebels (WHO).

5 wlamde bavSvTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 1999 wlidan 2006 wlamde yovel 1000 cocxalSobil-

ze Semcirda 39–dan 28 –mde, Tumca, mniSvnelovnad maRalia, vidre evropis regionis saSualo

maCvenebeli, romelic Sesabamisi wlebismixedviT 14 da 16-s Seadgens.

adreuli neonataluri sikvdilianoba 2004 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi aris 25 yovel 1000

cocxalSobilze, maSin rodesac evropis regionSi saSualo maCveneblia – 10. saqarTveloSi ax-

alSobilTa sikvdilobis 66 porcents swored adreuli neonataluri sikvdiloba Seadgens, xolo 5

wlamde bavSvTa sikvdiloba 58 %-ia.

yvelaze problemuri demografiuli elementi aris Sobadobis Semcireba gasuli oci wlis gan-

mavlobaSi. dabali Sobadoba, reproduqciuli asakis axalgazrdobis emigraciasTan erTad, gaxda

mosaxleobis zrdis negatiuri maCveneblebis mizezi, Tumca 2009 wels dafiqsirda bolo periodis

maqsimaluri mniSvnelobebi: Sobadobis maCvenebeli - 14,4, xolo bunebrivi matebis maCvenebeli –

3,8. uaryofiTi bunebrivi mateba aRiricxa qveynis mxolod erT regionSi - raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo

svaneTSi ( WHO).

sikvdilianobis ZiriTad mizezebSi liderobs aragadamdebi daavadebebi, gulsisxlZarRvTa siste-

mis daavadebebi sikvdilianobis mizezebis 74%-s Seadgens, xolo simsivnuli daavadebebi – 11

%–s.

gulis daavadebebis, insultisa da Saqriani diabetis (tipi II) 80%-is da simsivneebis SemTxvevebis

mesamedis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi risk-faqtorebis (Tambaqos moxmarebis, arajan-

saRi sakvebis, hipodinamiisa da alkoholis borotad gamoyenebis) Tavidan acilebis gziT.

Sesabamisad gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebiT da simsivneebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianoba mniS-

vnelovnad SeiZleba Semcirdes mosaxleobaSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis danergvisa da socialur-

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis gziT ( WHO 2010 statistics).

infeqciuri daavadebebis incidentobis maCvenebeli qveynis ganviTarebisa da mosaxleobis

socialur-ekonomikuri keTildReobis erT-erT ZiriTad indikators warmoadgens. bolo aT-

dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 100 000 mosaxleze

_______saqarTvelo _______evropis regioni

77

infeqciur daavadebebs problemur sakiTxTa nusxaSi kvlavac gansa-

kuTrebuli adgili uWiravT, radgan maTi gavrceleba da maTTan brZolis

efeqturoba didad aris damokidebuli danaxarjebis raodenobasTan, pro-

filaqtikur RonisZiebebTan, mkurnalobisa da samedicino momsaxurebis

xelmisawvdomobasTan.

wleulebis manZilze qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri Zvrebis

fonze xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna infeqciuri daavadebebis SemTxvevebis matebisaTvis ( WHO)

• 2009 wels infeqciuri daavadebebis incidentobis maCvenebelma moimata mTlian populaciaSi

– 25,8%–iT, xolo bavSvebSi - 27,4%-iT.

• 2009 wels qveyanaSi tuberkulozis incidentobis maCvenebeli 100000 sul mosaxleze – 101,4

Seadgenda, rac wina welTan SedarebiT 7,7%-iT metia.

• C hepatitis gavrcelebiT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT evropisa da centraluri aziis re-

gionSi yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli aqvs (daavadebulTa raodenobiT saqarTvelo msoflioSi

mesame, xolo kavkasiaSi pirvel adgilzea). Cvens qveyanaSi C hepatitiT daavadebulTa ricxvma

200,000-s gadaaWarba, amasTan yovelwliurad daavadebis daaxloebiT 2000 axali SemTxveva

vlindeba.

• C hepatitis mimarT efeqturi saxelmwifo politikis ararseboba xels uwyobs epidemiis

gavrcelebas.

• dRes, rodesac C hepatiti mTels msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze sagangaSo daavadebad iqca da

aqtualobiT Sidssa da simsivnur daavadebebsac gadaaWarba, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs am ve-

ragi daavadebis prevenciisa da mkurnalobis saxelmwifo programa. ufro metic, sadazRvevo

momsaxurebis arc erT paketSi ar Sedis ara marto hepatitebis diagnostika da antivirusuli

mkurnalobis anazRaureba, aramed sxva hepatotropuli medikamentebis dafinansebac ki.

• diagnostirebisa da mkurnalobis katastrofulad maRali fasebi mZime tvirTad awveba daa-

vadebulTa ojaxebs (genotipisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, interferoniT mkurnaloba

6.000-dan 15.000 dolaramde jdeba). es yvelaferi ki saboloo jamSi uamravi Cveni Tanamoqa-

laqis sicocxles safrTxes uqmnis.

• amitom migvaCnia, rom am TvalsazrisiT qveyanaSi sruliad sagangaSo viTarebaa da dauyovne-

beli zomebia misaRebi.

jandacvis sistemis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, jandacvis sistemis resursebis racionaluri

gadanawileba

resursebis racionalur gadanawilebas mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs jandacvis sistemis efeq-

tur muSaobaSi.

kiTxva, vaxorcielebT Tu ara simZlavreTa adekvatur dagegmvas da Sesabamis investirebas, raTa

uzrunvelyofili iqnes momsaxurebis efeqturi miwodeba da jandacvis sistemisaTvis xelmisawv-

domi resursebis saukeTeso gziT gamoyeneba, fasdeba ori ZiriTadi qvekomponentiT:

• jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturisa da teqnologiebis optimizacia;

• jandacvis sferos uzrunvelyofa Sesabamisad momzadebuli da motivirebuli sakadro

resursebis saWiro odenobiT.

jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturisa da teqnologiebis optimizacia

jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturis da teqnologiebis optimizacia kvlav erT - erT mniS-

vnelovan politikur sakiTxs warmoadgens. miuxedavad imisa, rom reformebis ganxorcielebis

78

procesSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda Warbad arsebuli saavadmyofo sawolebis raodenoba, gaSlili

sawolebis raodenoba kvalav maRali rCeba im fonze, rodesac sawolTa datvirTvis maCvenebli

mxolod 40%-s Seadgens.

hosptiluri seqtoris ganviTarebis gegmis mixedviT dagegmilia gaSlili sawolebis raodenobis 50%-

iT Semcireba.

hospitaluri seqtoris ganviTarebis generaluri gegma iTvaliswinebs qveynis masStabiT mod-

ernizebuli hospitalebis qselis Seqmnas 78 000 sawolze (saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba #11,

2007 weli, 26 ianvari).

dReisTvis mimdinareobs 102 saavadmyofos mSenebloba/rekonstruqcia, aqedan, saxelmwifo biu-

jetiT - 23, kerZo investiciebiT – 76 da 3 – donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT.

jandacvis sferos uzrunvelyofa saWiro odenobiT Sesabamisad momzadebuli da motivire-

buli sakadro resursebiT

saqarTveloSi, tradiciulad, kvalificiuri samedicino personalis raodenoba sakmaod maRalia.

2007 wlisaTvis aRiricxeboda 20 000 kvalificirebuli eqimi, anu 4.65 – yovel 1000 mosaxleze,

Tumca statistikuri monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom aRiniSneba samedicino personalis araTanabari

gadanawileba qalaqebisa da regionebis mixedviT. kerZod, Tuki didi qalaqebi gajerebulia

kvalificiuri medpersonaliT, zogierTi regioni da gansakuTrebiT, maRalmTiani raionebi

ganicdian specialistebis naklebobas, maT Soris gadaudebeli daxmarebis specialistebis –

qirurgebis da meanebis simcires.

amasTanave, aRiniSneba saSualo medpersonalis simcire. evropis regionis da dsT-s qveynebs

Soris saqarTvelo eqTnebis yvelaze naklebi raodenobiT gamoirCeva. kerZod – 1.04 yovel 1000

mosaxleze.

medpersonalis produqtiuloba ambulatoriis, gansakuTrebiT ki stacionaris pirobebSi neli

zrdis miuxedavad rCeba erT-erT yvelaze dabal doneze evropis regionsa da dsT-s qveynebSi.

medpersonalis dabali produqtiuloba efeqturobis maCvenebelTa SemcirebasTan erTad iwvevs

medpersonalis anazRaurebis dabal donesa da motivaciis daqveiTebas, rac cudad aisaxeba gaweu-

li daxmarebis xarisxsa da miRebul klinikur Sedegebze.

Tanasworobis dacva da finansuri uzrunvelyofa

saqarTveloSi jandacvis seqtorze saxelmwifo danaxarjebis wili stabilurad erT-erTi yvelaze

dabalia sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT. 2009 wels es maCvenebeli Seadgenda mTliani Sida produqtis

1,5% da mTliani saxelmwifo danaxarjebis mxolod 5%-s.

es ki, Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs imas, rom jandacvaze saerTo danaxarjebSi kerZo danaxarjebis

wili Zalze maRalia da 2009 wlis monacemebiT Seadgens saerTo danaxarjebis 71%. miuxedavad

imisa, rom es maCvenebeli Semcirda 2003 wlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT (78%), is kvlavac maRalia

ara marto evropis regionisaTvis (daaxloebiT 25%), aramed mniSvnelovnad aRemateba dsT-s qvey-

nebis saSualo maCvenebelsac(46%).

79

jandacvis mTliani danaxarjis struqtura 2001-2009

aRniSnuli miuTiTebs samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis usamarTlo xasiaTze, jandac-

vis seqtorSi mimarTuli resursebis araefeqtur ganawilebasa da araxarjTefeqtur gamoyenebaze.

xarjebis zrda aRiniSna servisebis yvela saxeobaze, Tumca kerZo danaxarjebis mateba yvelaze me-

tad gamoixata samedicino daniSnulebis saqonlisa da aRWurvilobis kategoriaSi, rac ZiriTadad

farmacevtul saSualebebze gaweuli xarjebis matebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

kerZo danaxarjebis 40 % modis wamlebze, samedicino daniSnulebis sagnebze da stacionarul

daxmarebaze, ris Sedegadac pirveladi jandacva da prevenciuli RonisZiebebi ver poulobs sak-

maris dafinansebas da gamoyenebas.

wamlebze danaxarjebis maRali wili aRiniSneba rogorc beneficiarebs Soris, aseve, araben-

eficiarebSi, gansakuTrebiT qronikuli daavadebis SemTxvevaSi. dReisTvis umweoTa dazRvevis

programa ar iTvaliswinebs aRniSnuli xarjebis dafarvas3.

3 „siRaribis zRvars qvemoT mosaxleobis saxelmwifo samedicino programis Sedegebis

Sefaseba“, Sebastian Bauhoff , David Hotchkiss, 2009

saerTaSoriso

saxelmwifo

kerZo

samkurnalo

saSualebebze

danaxarjebis wili

jandacvaze

mTlian danaxarjebSi(%)

80

2011 wlis saxelmwifo biujetidan jandacvis xarjebze gamoyofilma Tanxebma Seadgina 390 mil-

ioni lari, rac mTliani saxelmwifo biujetis 6,5% – s Seadgens da sakmaod dabalia evropis

regionis qveynebis mier jandacvaze gamoyofili Tanxebis procentTan SedarebiT (mag, baltii-

spireTis qveynebSi analogiuri maCvenebeli: litvaSi - 14.7%, estoneTSi - 11.2%, xolo lat-

viaSi -9,4%). amasTanave SeiniSneba klebis tendencia: 2010 wlis monacemebiT jandacvis biujeti

saxelmwifo biujetis 7.6%-s Seadgenda.

2011 wlidan gauqmebulia xandazmulobis gamo janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemis

gadasaWrelad SemuSavebuli janmrTelobis dacvis specializebuli saxelmwifo programebi 60

wlis da meti asakis mosaxleobisTvis: onkologiur daavadebaTa diagnostikisa da mkurnalobis,

mosaxleobis urgentuli momsaxurebis da gulis qirurgiis programebi, romelTa saerTo Rireb-

uleba Seadgenda 21,8 mln. lars, rac janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programebze gankuTvnili

Tanxebis 8% iyo. am programebiT dafaruli nozologiebiT avadmyofoba mniSvnelovan finansur

tvirTs warmoadgens ara marto xandazmulTaTvis, aramed yvela asakis mosaxleobisTvis.

aseve, dabalia sazogadoebriv jandacvasa da profilaqtikaze gaweuli xarjebis moculoba.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo xarjebSi aRiniSneba sazogadoebriv jandacvaze dafinansebis

procentuli wilis 8,1%-dan 2,1%-mde klebis tendencia. aRniSnuli tendencia aisaxeba zemoT

moyvanil janmrTelobis indikatorebis gauaresebaze.

dReisaTvis umweoTa janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxelmwifo programa faravs mosaxleobis mxolod

18%-s. 69.88 % – dauzRveveli mosaxleobaa, xolo danarCeni 12% dazRveulia sxvadasxva ti-

pis sadazRvevo programebiT: pedagogTa saxelmwifo dazRveva, Tbilisis meriis da sxva adgilo-

brivi biujetiT dafinanasebuli programebi, aseve iafi dazRveva da korporatiuli dazRveva.

umweoTa bazaSi daregistrirebuli mosaxleoba Seadgens mTlianad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis

37% - s romelTa 44% saxelmwifo programis beneficiaria.

1.44%

3.58%

0.26%

4.51%

0.35%

0.00%

18.09 %

69.88%

umweoTa janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxelmwifo

proograma

pedagogebebis janmrTelobis

dazRvevis saxelmwifo programa

Tbilisis meriis da sxva adgilobrivi biu-

jetebiT dafinensebuli programebi

“iafi dazRvevis” saxelmwifo programa

saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis

dazRvevis programebi

korporatiuli dazRvevis programebi

fizikur pirebTan gafarToebuli kontraqtebi

dauzRveveli mosaxleoba

81

mimdinare reformebi

2010 wlidan reformebis mimdinareobaSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi (saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2009

wlis 9 dekembris #218 dadgenileba), kerZod:

saxelmwifo programebis farglebSi dazRveulTaTvis sadazRvevo kompaniis Tavisufali arCev-

anis ufleba Seicvala konkretul kompaniasTan savaldebulo urTierTobiT. 2010 wlis aprilSi

Catarda tenderebi da gamovlinda calkeul raionebSi gamarjvebuli kompaniebi. dazRveuli

sadazRvevo vauCeriT xelSekrulebas aformebs sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesabamis raionSi gamar-

jvebul kompaniasTan. garda amisa, dazRvevis saxelmwifo programebSi gamarjvebul sadazRvevo

kompaniebs daekisraT mniSvnelovani valdebuleba maTi operirebis raionSi dadgenil vadeb-

Si ganaxorcielon samedicino dawesebulebebis mSenebloba da aRWurva. aseve, miRebul iqna

gadawyvetileba igive sadazRvevo kompaniebs gadaeceT marTvaSi pirveladi jandacvis qseli –

soflis ambulatoriebi da saswrafo daxmarebis sadgurebi.

jandacvis politikis arsebuli problemebi da gaumjobesebis koncefcia

jandacvis sistemis marTvis funqciis gaumjobeseba

arsebuli problemebi

reformebi

jandacvis politikasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi ZiriTadi problema aris inicirebuli re-

formebis ganxorcielebis procesSi naCqarevi da araTanmimdevruli cvlilebebi, romlic ar

efuZneba mtkicebulebebs. refomebis ganxorcielebis procesSi ar xdeba superviziis, regula-

ciis da adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis swori dagegmva, SemuSaveba da gavrcoba, rac did

risks warmoadgens.

regulireba

saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebis efeqturi regula-

ciis kuTxiT, raTa uzrunvelyos momsaxurebis xarisxi da usafrTxoeba.

ar aris SemuSavebuli reformebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis adeqvaturi regulirebis da

zedamxedvelobis sistemebi;

amavdroulad, aRiniSneba aRsrulebis berketebis (stimulebis an sanqciebis) nakleboba, romlis

gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania samedicino momsaxurebis momwodeblebisa da sadaz-

Rvevo kompaniebisagan xarisxiani angariSgebis misaRebad.

privatizacia

calke sakiTxia jandacvis seqtoris privatizacia, romlis ganxorcieleba daiwyo 100 saavad-

myofos proeqtiT, magram dagegmvis araTanmimdevrulobis, ganxorcielebis Sesabamisi maregu-

lirebeli meqanizmebis ararsebobis, satendero pirobebis da meqanizmebis gaumarTaobis Sedegad

ver iqna uzrunvelyofili procesis gamWvirvaloba da Sesabamisad misi warmatebulad ganxor-

cieleba.

2010 wlidan samedicino dawesebulebebis privatizaciis procesis ZiriTad meqanizmad ganisaz-

82

4 jandacvis sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi Hauschild and Esmé Berkhout; Oxfam International research reprot, 2009

monopoliebis arseboba erTis mxriv xels uwyobs samedicino momsaxurebebze fasebis

zrdas, xolo meores mxriv safrTxes uqmnis momsaxurebis xarisxs da zRudavs samedi-

cino momsaxurebis Tavisufali arCevanis uflebas.

Rvra yvela sadazRvevo kompaniis, maT Soris, farmacevtuli kompaniebis mier klinikebis aSenebis

da aRWurvis valdebuleba im raionebSi, sadac aRniSnuli kompaniebi operireben.

privatizaciis ZiriTadi problema aris mflobelobis sakiTxi da vinaidan adeqvaturi mareguli-

rebeli garemo ar uswrebs reformas, dainteresebulma kompaniebma SesZles SeeqmnaT monopoliebi

rogorc qveynis masStabiT, ise calkeul regionebSi.

saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi didi klinikebis mflobelebi gaxdnen farmacev-

tuli da sadazRveveo kompaniebi;

farmacevtuli kompaniebi sakmaod Zlieri moTamaSeebi arian jandacvis bazarze, xolo privati-

zaciis fonze kidev ufro Zlierdebian. zogierT regionSi farmacevtuli kompaniebi arian samed-

icino dawesebulebebis mflobelebi da aseve – damzRvevebic, Sesabamisad Seqmnilia regional-

uri monopoliebi.

jandacvis seqtoris privatizacia unda mimdinareobdes Sesabamisi regulaciebis fonze, radgan,

zogadad, kerZo seqtori mogebazea orientirebuli da Sesabamisad, mogebis gazrdis mizniT Se-

Zlebisdagvarad mcire resursebs daxarjavs. maSin, rodesac, saxelmwifos interesia –janmrTe-

li mosaxleoba. samwuxarod, aRniSnuli seqtoris sworad regulaciis SesaZlebloba saxelmwifos

ar gaaCnia4.

arsebobs safrTxeebi, rom axali politikis ganxorcielebis pirobebSi Raribi mosaxleobis

samedicino momsaxurebaze xelmisawvdomoba Seferxdeba erTi mxriv, servisebis fizikuri ararse-

bobis gamo konkretul arealSi, xolo meores mxriv, finansuri xelmisawvdomobis problemebis

gamo.rekomendaciebi:

• reformebis ganxorcielebis erTiani xedvis da strategiis SemuSaveba da Sesabamisi maregu-

lirebeli garemos uzrunvelyofa;

• reformebis ganxorcielebis zedamxedvelobis da kontrolis meqanizmebis ganviTareba;

• jandacvis seqtoris regulirebis gaumjobeseba aqcentiT – kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtorebs

Soris urTierTobaTa regulirebis aspeqtebze;

• Sesabamisi regulirebis, alternatiuli meqanizmebisda standartebis dadgena samedicino

momsaxurebismiwodebis xarisxisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT;

• jansaRi konkurentuli garemos Seqmna da arsebuli monopoluri praqtikis mospoba;

• farmacevtul bazarze monopoluri fasebis daregulireba;

• kerZo dawesebulebebis sanebarTvo da samedicino personalis licenzirebis maRali xarisxis

Sesabamisi pirobebis SemuSaveba;

• prioriteti mieniWos saxelmwifo investiciebis zrdas jandacvis seqtorSi, gansakuTrebiT

pirveladi jandacvis, sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da janmrTelobis xelSewyobis sferoebSi;

• gatardes kompleqsuri RonisZiebebi jandacvis sainformacio sistemis gaZlierebis insti-

tuciuri, sakanonmdeblo da dafinansebis meqanizmebis cvlilebis da siaxleebis danergvis

kuTxiT;

• jandacvis sistemis monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli informaci aefeqturad iqnes gamoyeneb-

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uli jandacvis politikis koreqtirebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT im pirobebSi, rodesac saxelm-

wifo programebis ganxorcielebaze gamoyofili saxelmwifo saxsrebis mniSvnelovani raode-

noba xmardeba kerZo sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier saxelmwifo da kveTebis Sesrulebas;

• uzrunvelyofili iqnas politikis ciklis praqtikuli realizaciis ganxorcieleba mtkiceb-

ulebebzedayrdnobiT.

2. jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, adamianuri resursebis gan-

viTareba

arsebuli problemebi

adamianuri resursebi

saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia jandacvis seqtorSi adamianuri resursebis marTvis da ganviTarebis

strategia.

ar aris gansazRvruli qveynis saWiroebebi da Sesabamisad ar aris SemuSavebuli Sesabamisi

resursebis ganviTarebis strategia.

qveyanaSi, samedicino personalis siWarbis miuxedavad, statistikuri monacemebiT konkretuli

sferoebi ganicdis kadrebis simcires (mag: farmacevtebi, ginekologebi, geriatriis speciali-

stebi da a.S.).

aRiniSneba samedicino personalis araTanabari gadanawileba qalaqebisa da regionebis mixed-

viT, kerZod Tuki didi qalaqebi gajerebulia kvalificirebuli medpersonaliT, zogierTi

regioni, da gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani raionebi ganicdian specilistebis naklebobas, maT Soris

gadaudebeli daxmarebis, qirurgebis da meanebis simcires.

amasTanave, aRiniSneba saSualo medpersonalis simcire. evropis regionis da dsT-s qveynebs

Soris saqarTvelo eqTnebis yvelaze naklebi raodenobiT gamoirCeva kerZod, 1.04 yovel 1000

mosaxleze.

xelmisawvdomobis arsebuli barierebis Sedegad medpersonalis produqtiuloba ambulatoriis,

gansakuTrebiT ki stacionaris pirobebSi rCeba erT-erT yvelaze dabal doneze evropis regionsa da

dsT-s qveynebSi.

medpersonalis dabali produqtiulobis maCvenebeli Sesabamisad iwvevs medpersonalis anaz-

Raurebis dabal donesa da motivaciis daqveiTebas, rac cudad aisaxeba gaweuli daxmarebis xarisxsa da

miRebul klinikur Sedegebze.

ar aris SemuSavebuli samedicino personalis gadamzadebis da uwyveti ganaTlebis politika da

samoqmedo gegma.

ar arsebobs samedicino personalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis da regularuli gadamzadebis mo-

tivaciis meqanizmebi.

mimdinare privatizaciis procesSi arsebuli saxelSekrulebo pirobebiT ar aris gansazRvruli

kerZo seqtoris valdebulebebi SeinarCunon samedicino personali, gansakuTrebiT soflad;

qveyanaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo garemo ver uzrunvelyofs medpersonalis SromiTi ufle-

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bebis dacvas da socialuri garantiebis meqanizmebs;

qveyanaSi ar xorcieldeba eqimis pasuxismgeblobis - samedicino Secdomis dazRveva, Sesabamisad,

ar aris uzrunvelyofili saeqimo praqtikis daculoba.

am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia:

• qveyanaSi samedicino personalis raodenobisa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis optimizaciis

mizniT adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;

• pirveladi jandacvis resursebis formirebis procesis gagrZeleba da Sesabamisi saxelmwiofo

investirebiT uzrunvelyofa, raTa srulad Seivsos deficiti, gansakuTrebiT,maRalmTian

regionebSi;

• ganxorcieldes qveynis saWiroebebis gansazRvra samedicino personalis specialobebis mixed-

viT da SemuSavdes sakadro resursebis ganviTarebis saSualovadiani da grZelvadiani gegma;

• SemuSavdes umaRlesi da saSualo samedicino ganaTlebis, diplomis Semdgomi profesiuli

mzadebis, da uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis adeqvaturi sistema;

• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo medpersonalis SromiTi uflebebis dacvis da so-

cialuri garantiebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT;

• jandacvis sistemis kvalificiuri samedicino personaliT uzrunvelyofis mizniT moxdes

medpersonalisaTvis salicenzio da akreditaciis standartebis dadgena da periodulad

gadaxedva saukeTeso saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis Sesabamisad;

• SemuSavdes Sesabamisi regulaciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs samedicino ganaTlebas da

eqimTa prqtikul gadamzadebas, mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli klinikuri gaidlainebisa da

protokolebis Sesabamisad;

• dainergos samedicino personalis saeqimo Secdomis dazRvevis sistema, SemuSavdes Sesa-

bamisi maregulirebeli garemo da dainergos ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi;

3. Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawv-

domoba

arsebuli problemebi

samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis kuTxiT qveyanaSi arsebobs finansuri, sainformacio

da geografiuli barierebi.

mosaxleobis 70% darCenilia dazRvevis gareSe.

aRiniSneba erT sul mosaxleze jandacvaze jibidan gaweuli xarjebis mniSvnelovani zrda, kerZo

danaxarjebis wili maRalia da Seadgens 71% - s.

aRiniSneba samedicino momsaxurebaze fasebis zrdis tendencia, xolo mimdinare privatizacia

da monopoliebis arseboba kidev ufro zrdis safrTxes rogorc finanasuri xelmisawvdomobis,

aseve, momsaxurebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT;

xarjebis zrda aRiniSneba servisebis yvela saxeobaze, Tumca kerZo danaxarjebis mateba yvelaze

metad gamoxatulia samedicino daniSnulebis saqonlisa da aRWurvilobis kategoriaSi, rac

ZiriTadad farmacevtul saSualebebze gaweuli xarjebis matebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis programis ganxorcielebas ar mohyva ambu-

85

latoriuli servisebis utilizaciis gazrda, xolo hospitalizaciis maCvenebeli mcired gaiz-

arda, rac ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad saxelmwifo da kerZo dazRvevis arasakmarisi monawileobiT

medikamentebze xarjebis anazRaurebaSi.

medikamentebze danaxarjebi maRalia da kerZo danaxarjebis 40% Seadgens.

maRalia medikamentebze fasebi, rac ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad, farmacevtul bazarze sami

ZiriTadi kompaniis arsebobiT, romelTac monopolizebuli aqvT fasebi. muSaobs bazris

specifiuri, karteluri tipis modeli, sadac fasi formirdeba araTavisufali konkurenciis,

aramed msxvili importiorebis molaparakebis Sedegad.

sustad aris ganviTarebuli sadazRvevo bazris maregulirebeli garemo da ganviTarebis xelSe-

mwyobi meqanizmebi, rac ganapirobebs xelmisawvdomi sadazRvevo produqtebis simwires.

saxelmwifos ar aqvs SemuSavebuli mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dazRvevis sabaziso standartuli

paketi mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, rac Tavis mxriv xels Seuwyobda sadazRvevo produqtze xelmi-

sawvdomobis gazrdas da Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis sadazRvevo mocvis gafarToebas.

am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia

imisaTvis,rom daZleul iqnas samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis finansuri, sainfor-

macio da geografiuli barierebi, aucilebelia Sesabamisi strategiis SemuSaveba Semdegi mimar-

TulebebiT:

• dauzRveveli mosaxleobis maqsimaluri mocva samedicino dazRvevis xelSemwyobi RonisZie-

bebis gatarebis gziT (ix. danarTi #1-Si detaluri samoqmedo gegma) kerZod:

• unda SemuSavdes droSi gawerili samoqmedo gegma, imisaTvis rom etapobrivad ganxorcieldes

im mosaxleobis jandacvis servisebze xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa, romelic ver yidu-

lobs kerZo dazRvevas.

• gaizardos saxelmwifo subsidireba mosaxleobis im nawilisaTvis, romelic daregistrirebu-

lia siRaribis zRvars qvemoT kategoriaSi, magram ar iRebs saxelmwifo dazRvevas.

• SemuSvdes alternatiuli sadazRvevo meqanizmebi mosaxleobis im nawilisaTvis, romelic ver

moxvda siRaribis zRvars qvemoT kategoriaSi, magram ar aqvs SesaZlebloba SeiZinos kerZo

dazRveva.

• SemuSavdes sadazRvevo industriis adeqvaturi maregulirebeli garemo imisTvis,rom Tavidan

iqnas acilebuli sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier mxolod dabali riskis, janmrTeli mosaxleobis

dazRveva;

• uzrunvelyofil iqnas jandacvis servisebze sayovelTao xelmisawvdomoba benefitebis saba-

ziso paketis SemuSavebiT da masSi medikamentebis gaTvliswinebiT;

• dawesdes sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi da ganisazRvros waxalisebis meqanizmebi, romelic uzrun-

velyofs mosaxleobis didi nawilis mier sabaziso dasazRvevo paketis SeZenas;

• Seiqmnas damsaqmebelTa motivaciis meqanizmebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs dasaqmebulTa samedi-

cino dazRvevis sargeblis miwodoebas;

• xeli Seewyos sadazRvevo produqtebSi prevenciuli servisebis adeqvatur finansirebas;

• SemuSavdes da dainergos damatebiTi paketi specializebuli ambulatoriuli da staciona-

ruli momsaxurebisaTvis, romelic saxelmwifos mier dafinansdeba Raribi mosaxleobisaTvis,

xolo danarCeni mosaxleobisaTvis xeli Seewyoba xelmisawvdomi sadazRvevo sqemebis SemuSave-

bas specialuri saojaxo da individualuri sadazRvevo paketebis saxiT.

• jandacvaze gamoyofili sabiujeto resursebis moculobis gafarToebasTan erTad, gaizar-

86

dos resursebi iseTi kritikuli mniSvnelobis servisebze ,rogoricaa orsulobis zedamxedv-

eloba da usafrTxo mSobiaroba;

• janmrTelobis xelSewyobisa da prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis

mizniT ganisazRrvos adeqvaturi resursebi da moxdes Sesabamisi saxelmwifo investireba.

4. samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba

arsebuli problemebi

xarisxiani samedicino momsaxureba, farTo gagebiT, SesaZloa ganisazRvros,

rogorc saWiro dros da Sesabamis pirobebSi saTanado samedicino

daxmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.

xarisxTan dakavSirebuli problemebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli Tanamedrove jandacvis siste-

mebis umetesobaSi mTels msoflioSi da Sesabamisad saqarTveloSic. kerZod:

imis gamo, rom servisebis miwodeba ar aris mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli da qveyanaSi ar aris

danergili xarisxis Sefasebis da monitoringis meqanizmebi, bevri pacienti Rebulobs saWiroze

met momsaxurebas, bevri ki – imaze naklebs, vidre esaWiroeba;

xSiria Seusabamo samedicino daxmarebis miRebis SemTxvevebic;

amasTanave, arcTu mcirea samedicino SecdomaTa raodenoba, romlebic sazianoa adamianis janmrT-

elobisaTvis;

samedicino momsaxurebis mimwodebelTa mxridan yovelTvis ar xdeba am problemaTa gaazreba an

maTze adeqvaturi reagireba;

qveyanaSi sustad aris ganviTarebuli xarisxis kontrolis sistemebi, Sesabamisad ar arsebobs

mkafiod deklarirebuli amocanebi, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas

moemsaxureba;

samedicino daxmarebis reformireba ar xorcieldeba saukeTeso praqtikis Sesabamisad ;

mTeli qveynis masStabiT ar aris danergili mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli medicinis gamoyeneba,

rac emsaxureba klinikuri praqtikis gaumjobesebas.

sustad aris ganviTarebuli sainformacio teqnologiebi da Sesabamisad dabalia klinikuri

informaciis xelimisawvdomoba da saerTaSoriso standartebiT klinikuri gadawyvetilebebis

mxardaWera.

am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia:

• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi garemo da inicirebul iqnas damoukidebeli instituciebis meSveobiT

provaiderebisregularuli monitoringi;

• uzrunvelyofili iqnas monitoringis da Sefasebis monacemebis da angariSebis farTo sazoga-

doebisaTvis xelmisawvdomoba, rac gazrdis mowodebul servisebze angariSvaldebulebas;

• SemuSavdes xarisxis Sefasebis standartebi jandacvis sistemis TiTeuli donisaTvis ( pirve-

ladi, meoreuli, mesameuli)saerTaSoriso da nacionaluri klinikuri gaidlainebis CaTvliT.

aRniSnuli standartebi gamoyenebuli iqneba yvela tipis dawesebulebisaTvis, ganurCevlad

mflobelobis statusisa;

• SemuSvdes Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo da kontrolis meqanizmebi, raTa uzrunve-

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lyofili iqnas miwodebul iservisebis Sesabamisoba aRniSnul klinikur gaidlainebTan da

protokolebTan;

• dainergos rogorc dawesebulebebisaTvis, aseve medpersonalisaTvis salicenzio da akredi-

taciis standartebi da ganisazRvros monitoringis meqanizmebi;

• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo da dainergos dawesebulebebis akreditaciis pro-

cesi da Sesabamisi minimaluri standartebi;

• Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis saSualebiT, SemuSavdes kerZo dawesebulebebis sanebarTvo da sa-

medicino personalis licenzirebis maRali xarisxis Sesabamisi pirobebi;

• xarisxiani momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.ganxorcieldes erovnuli klinikuri gaid-

lainebis da protokolebis danergvis procesi da ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi monitoringi.

“axali memarjveneebis” politika jandacvis sferoSi:

mosaxleobis jandacvis gaumjobesebis mizniT ZiriTadi aqcenti aRebuli unda iqnas

mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis arealis gafarToebaze. am mizniT:

1. 0-dan 16 wlamde bavSvebis da 65 wels zeviT asakis xandazmulTa samedicino dazRveva unda

ganxorcieldes igive principiT, rogorc xorcieldeba umweoTa dazRveva plius eqimis mier

daniSnuli medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa.

2. yvela dasaqmebuls kanoniT unda mieces saSualeba misi da misi ojaxis wevrebis samedicino

dazRvevis xarjebi gamoqviTos saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan im sabaziso minimaluri sadaz-

Rvevo paketis Rirebulebis farglebSi, romliTac dRes xorcieldeba umweoTa samedicino

dazRveva;

3. damqiraveblis mier TanamSromelTa samedicino dazRvevisaTvis gaRebuli Tanxa unda CaiT-

valos xarjebSi da gaTavisufldes mogebis gadasaxadisgan;

4. im sadazRvevo kompaniebs, romlebic monawileoben saxelmwifo dazRvevis programebSi, unda

dauwesdeT valdebuleba, rom saxelmwifosTan yovelwliurad gaformebuli xelSekrulebis

pirobebiT uzrunvelyon minimaluri sabaziso sadazRvevo paketis SenarCuneba korporatiuli

da individualuri klientebisaTvis.

eqimTa da samedicino personalis uflebebis dacvis mizniT:

1. yvela samedicino dawesebulebis administracias unda daevalos eqimis profesiuli pasux-

ismgeblobis dazRveva da am mizniT gaRebuli Tanxa unda CaeTvalos xarjebSi.

2. unda mowesrigdes Sromis kanonmdebloba, romelic daicavs eqimebisa da samedicino personalis

uflebebs;

medikamentebze xelmisawvdomobis gazrda

1. SemuSavebuli unda iqnas aucilebeli (esenciuri) medikamentebis nusxa da aRniSnuli medika-

mentebis dafinanseba unda ganxorcieldes minimaluri sadazRvevo sabaziso paketis farg-

lebSi;

2. unda amoqmeddes antimonopoliuri meqanizmebi farmacevtul bazarze fasebis dareguli-

rebis mizniT;

3. moZiebuli unda iqnas farmacevtuli produqciis Semotanis alternatiuli gzebi saer-

TaSoriso tenderebiT Sesyidvebis xelSewyobis gziT. fasebis regulireba unda moxdes

Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemos uzrunvelyofiT.

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5. socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis prevencia da mkurnaloba

partiam jandacvis sferoSi erTerT prioritetad gamoacxada socialurad saSiSi iseTi daavadebis

prevencia da mkurnaloba, rogoricaa C hepatiti.

“axali memarjveneebis” programa C hepatitis prevenciasa da mkurnalobaSi:

umokles vadaSi Seiqmnas C hepatitis saxelmwifo programa, romlis mixedviTac:

• saxelmwifom srulad unda daafinansos C hepatitis diagnostika;

• biujetidan yovelwliurad unda dafinansdes C hepatitiT daavadebuli

• minimum 2000 pacientis mkurnalobis xarji (avadmyofTa SerCevis kriteriumebi specialistebma

unda daadginon);

• unda daiwyos interferonis generikis warmoeba saqarTveloSi, rac mniSvnelovnad gaaiafebs C hepatitis mkurnalobas (doha-s1deklaraciis safuZvelze);

• qveyanaSi dauyovnebliv unda Seiqmnas da dafinansdes RviZlis gadanergvis saxelmwifo pro-

grama (sawyis etapze mowveuli specialistebis xarjze);

• unda dawesdes mkacri kontroli sterilizaciis wesebis dacvis xarisxze klinikebsa da yvela

im dawesebulebaSi, sadac C hepatitiT dainficirebis maRali riskia (stomatologiuri klini-

ka, silamazis saloni, da sxva)

sapensio sistema da socialuri dacva

sapensio sistema

qveynis sapensio sistema sistemur transformacias saWiroebs da igi unda daefuZnos individu-

aluri Senatanebisa da individualuri danagrovis princips. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom dRes

arsebuli pensionerebi, sapensio asaks miRweuli da saSualo asaks gadacilebuli pirebi drois

SezRuduli monakveTis pirobebSi ver uzrunvelyofen sakuTari sapensio danagrovis gakeTebas,

aRniSnuli sistema maTTvis araefeqturia.

amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sapensio sistema unda moicavdes 3 komponents:

sabaziso sapensio ganakveTi, anu minimaluri fiqsirebuli saxelmwifo sapensio standarti. pen-

siis sabaziso ganakveTi unda iyos aranakleb saarsebo minimumis odenobis da igi unda daeniSnoT

ukve pensioner pirebs, sapensio asaks mirweul pirebs da pirebs, visi asakic aRemateba 40 wels.

aseve, pirebs, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT SromiTi staJi da Sesabamisad, moklebulni arian individu-

aluri sapensio danagrovis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas;

individualuri sapensio danagrovi. misi odenoba unda ganisazRvros da damokidebuli iyos piris

mier individualur sapensio angariSze Setanili Tanxebis odenobasa da am Senatanebis gadaxdis

periodze. aRniSnuli sistemis regulireba unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom, xolo sapensio

danagrovebisa da sapensio angariSebis marTva unda ganxorcieldes kerZo sapensio fondebis meS-

veobiT. individualur sapensio angariSze Setanili Tanxebi, anu sapensio danagrovi, pirebisaTvis

unda gamoiqviTos dasabegri Semosavlebidan da gaTavisufldes saSemosavlo gadasaxadisagan;

specialuri sapensio ganakveTi. aRniSnuli pensia unda daeniSnoT unarSezRudul pirebs da

veteranis statusis mqone pirebs. sapensio ganakveTis odenoba saarsebo minimuze 30%–iT meti

unda iyos. im unarSezRuduli pirebisaTvis da veteranis statusis mqone pirebisaTvis, romlebic

amavdroulad martoxela pirebis statuss floben da damoukideblad gadaadgilebis da sakuTari

Tavis movlis SesaZlebloba ar gaaCniaT, sapensio ganakveTi unda gaormagdes.

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socialuri dacva

qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialuri mdgomareobis pirobebSi asobiT aTasobiT adamianisTvis

socialuri dacva erTaderTi saSualebaa iarsebos. aqedan gamomdinare am sferoSi arsebuli

problemebi: usamarTloba, gaumWivervaloba, sareitingo qulebis miniWebaSi mkafio kriteri-

umebis ararseboba, daxmarebis daniSvnisTvis saWiro sareitingo qulebis uTanabroba regionebis

mixedviT ganapirobebs qveynis mosaxleobis didi nawilis mZime mdgomareobas.

socialuri daxmarebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeebs biurokratiuli barierebi eRobeba, dax-

marebas iReben is ojaxebi, visac ar ekuTvnis daxmareba, maSin roca uamravi gaWirvebuli adamiani

daxmarebis gareSe rCeba.

socialuri daxmarebis sferoSi “axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebia:

• mkafiod Camoyalibdes socialuri daxmarebis gacemis sruliad axali principi, romlis mTa-

vari ganmsazrvreli iqneba daxmarebis daniSvnis momentisTvis ojaxis Semosavlebis odenoba

da misi Tanafardoba saarsebo minimumTan, nacvlad dRes arsebuli mankieri principisa, rode-

sac socialuri daxmarebis saagentos eZleva ojaxis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

Sefasebis sxvadasxagvari interpretirebis saSualeba;

• damyardes sruli wesrigi socialuri daxmarebebis gacemaSi;

• unda aRmoifxvras uTanabroba socialuri daxmarebis gacemisTvis sareitingo qulebis raode-

nobaSi, rodesac es qula sxvadasxvaa TbilisSi, aWaraSi da danarCen regionebSi da dadgindes

daxmarebis gacemisTvis erTiani sareitingo qula qveynis masStabiT, kerZod socialurad

daucveli ojaxisTvis daxmarebis daniSvna xdebodes 100 000 qulaze;

• Sesruldes “ moqalaqeTa socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-17 muxli da

Ria da sajaro gaxdes ojaxebisaTvis miniWebuli sareitingo qulebi. moqalaqeebs daintere-

sebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebloba hqondeT gaigon ra qulebiT Sefasda maTi qoneba;

• umweoTa dazRvevas unda daematos medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa

iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa

bolo wlebSi saxelmwifom SeimuSava iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa – devnilTa mimarT sax-

elmwifo strategia. strategia ganxorcielda ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: 1. pirobebis Seqmna

devnilTa Rirseuli cxovrebisTvis da maTi sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integracia 2. mxardaWer-

is aRmoCena im devnilTaTvis, romlebic stiqiurad dabrundnen mudmiv sacxovrebl adgilze.

strategiiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo koleqtiuri Casaxlebis obieqtebis etapobrivad daxurva,

devnilTa integracia da saxelmwifo daxmarebaze damokidebulebis Semcireba.

daiwyo koleqtiuri centrebis daxurvis procesi, sacxovreblad vargisi, gansakuTrebuli

datvirTvis armqone koleqtiuri centrebi gadaecaT devnilebs privatizaciis formiT, nawili

devnilebisa Casaxldnen maTTvis sagangebod aSenebul an garemontebul korpusebSi, nawilze

gaica sacxovreblebis sanacvlod fuladi daxmareba,magram procesSi daSvebuli iyo uxeSi Sec-

domebi, romlebsac axlac aqvs adgili:

devnilebis Casaxlebis dros ar iqna gaTvalisiwinebuli maTi ekonomikuri saqmianobis xelSewyoba,

romelic mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilebze gaaadvilebda maT reintegracias, maTi didi nawili darCa

miwis, saojaxo meurneobis da Sesabamisad Semosavlis raime wyaros gareSe.

ziani miadga devnilTa Soris Camoyalibebul socialur da ekonomikur kavSirebs.

90

sacxovreblebis sanacvlod devnilTaTvis gasacemi fuladi daxmareba xSirad ar iyo sabazro

fasebis Sesabamisi da adekvaturi, maT mimarT adgili hqonda Zaladobriv iZulebiT qmedebebs,

romlis drosac dairRva maTi uflebebi.

devnilTa umetesoba dResac cxovrobs umZimes socialur pirobebSi, infrastruqturis Tvalsaz-

risiT saxarbielo mdgomareoba arc axali Casaxlebis adgilebSia. saqarTveloSi amJamad cxov-

robs 250 aTasi devnili, romlebic mTeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 6% Seadgenen. ZiriTadad

maTi Casaxlebis adgilebi absoluturad gamousadegaria sacxovreblad.

iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT

prioritetebia:

• gadaixedos iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa mimarT saxelmwifo strategia da maTi Casaxleba

ZiriTadad moxdes saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionSi sagangebod maTTvis gamosyidul indi-

vidualur sacxovrebel saxlebSi, sadac mowyobilia Sinameurneoba da Seqmnilia pirobebi

ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis;

• devnilTa im jgufebisTvis, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT TviTkmarobis misaRwevad saWiro resurse-

bi ( SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi, martoxela da umweo moxucebi, martoxela dede-

bi da maTi Svilebi, oboli bavSvebi), ganisazRvros socialuri da humanitaruli daxmarebis

sxvadasxva formebis gamoyeneba;

• moxdes iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Casaxlebebis inventarizacia, maTi saWiroebebis

gansazRvra da infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba devnilTa normaluri

sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Sesaqmnelad;

• devnilTa dacva ukanono gamosaxlebebisgan;

• konfliqtur zonaSi stiqiurad dabrunebul devnilTa mxardaWera, saxelmwifo uwyebebis

koordinirebuli muSaoba, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas konfliqtis zonebSi stiqiurad dab-

runebul devnilTa usafrTxoeba;

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis

samarTebrivi da socialuri dacva

veteranebi ganekuTvnebian im socialur jgufs, romelsac saxelmwifosgan meti yuradReba es-

aWiroeba.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi Setanili mTeli rigi cvlilebebis Sedegad gauaresda omisa da

samxedro Zalebis veteranebis socialuri pirobebi, zog SemTxvevaSi Semcirda, umetes SemTxveva-

Si ki saerTod gauqmda maTTvis gamoyofili socialuri daxmarebis normebi.

“samxedro, Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis da saxelmwifo dacvis specialuri samsaxuridan TadarigSi

daTxovnil pirTa da maTi ojaxis wevrTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” kanonmdebloba

naklebad uzrunvelyofs ara marto TviT veteranebis, aramed maTi ojaxebis wevrebis socialur

dacvas.

kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri dacvis zomebi saerTod ar gamoxatavs pativis-

cemas im adamianebis xsovnis da maTi ojaxebis mimarT, romlebmac Tavi Seswires qveynis terito-

riul mTlianobas.

aseve, umniSvneloa saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis, sxva qveynebis teritoriaze br-

ZolebSi da konfliqtur zonebSi samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas miRebuli janmrTelo-

bis dazianebis gamo mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone

pirebisaTvis saxelmwifo pensiebis raodenoba.

91

aseve araTanazomadia konfliqtur zonebSi ugzo-ukvlod dakargul mebrZolTa ojaxis wevre-

bze kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli daxmarebebi.

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi momsaxureTa mebrZoli suli, maTi fsiqologiuri mzadyofna

mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu rogor zrunavs qveyana Tavis veteranebze. vinc

dRes dgas qveynis sadarajoze, unda xedavdes, rom veterani saxelmwifosgan dafasebuli da so-

cialurad daculia.

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis

samarTebrivi da socialuri dacvis mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebia:

• saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis da ucxo qveynis teritoriaze sabrZolo opera-

ciebSi monawileTaTvis umaRlesi da profesiuli ganaTlebis dafinanseba uzrunvelyofili

iqnas saxelmwifos xarjze;

• TiToeuli veterani uzrunvelyofili samedicino dazRvevis polisiT da medikamentebiT sax-

elmwifos xarjze;

• veteranTa socialuri dacvis samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofs yvela

tipis veteranTa garantirebul socialur dacvas, aRmofxvris uTanabrobas maT sxvadasxva

kategorias Soris arsebul dacvis sxvadasxva dones Soris;

• veteranTaTvis gamoyofili socialuri daxmareba unda qmnides maTi Rirseuli cxovrebis

garantias, es daxmareba unda warmoadgendes ara mxolod saarsebo minimums, aramed, unda

qmnides pirobebs, maT SeZlon adamianis ZiriTadi saWiroebebis - ganaTlebis, kulturuli

cxovrebis moTxovnebis dakmayofileba;

• SeRavaTebi transportis da sxva saxis momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaSi gavrceldes ara mxolod

dedaqalaqSi mcxovreb veteranebze, aramed mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT:

• saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos veteranebis fsiqo logiuri reabilitacia, raTa moxdes

sazogadoebaSi maTi srulyofili integracia da isini gaxdnen samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

srulfasovani wevrebi;

• veteranebis samedicino, saprotezo-orTopediuli daxmareba, sanitarul –sakurorto

mkurnaloba, samkurnalo saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa, reabilitacia, uzrunvelyofili unda

iyos janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programebiT;

• unda aRmoifxvras gansxvaveba Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi mcxovreb veteranTa

socialuri daxmarebis formebsa da raodenobaSi. regionebSi mcxovreb veteranebsa da maT

ojaxebze unda vrceldebodes daxmarebis yvela is forma da SeRavaTi, romelic vrceldeba

dedaqalaqSi mcxovreb veteranebsa da maT ojaxebze;

92

Tavi VII. . gamarTuli infrastruqtura - gza, wyali, gazi, transporti yvela qalaqisa da soflisTvis

1. arsebuli mdgomareoba

qveyanaSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda infrastruqturuli proeqtebi, romelTac

garkveulad xeli Seuwyves dasaxlebul punqtebSi gzis, wyalmomaragebis, satransporto momsax-

urebis problemebis mogvarebas. gaizarda investiciebi am sferoSi. infrastruqturis seqtoris

ganviTareba xelisuflebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebadaa gamocxadebuli.

miuxedavad amisa qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT soflad, infrastruqtura Zalian sustadaa ganvi-

Tarebuli: soflebis udides nawils ar aqvs gza, wyali, gazi, soflebSi an saerTod ar arsebobs

raionebTan damakavSirebeli transporti, an imdenad moZvelebulia, rom misi eqspluatacia saSiS-

roebis Semcvelia.

umZimesi mdgomareobaa infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT devnilTa Casaxlebis adgilebSi. saqa-

rTveloSi amJamad cxovrobs 250 aTasi devnili, romlebic mTeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 6%

Seadgenen. ZiriTadad maTi Casaxlebis adgilebi absoluturad gamousadegaria sacxovreblad.

garda imisa, rom ugzooba, uwyloba da sxva komunikaciebis ararseboba umZimes mdgomareobaSi

ayenebs regionebSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas, infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli viTareba

xSir SemTxvevaSi ganapirobebs CamorCenas regionebis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi: ug-

zoobis gamo regionebis mosaxleobas uWirs produqciis realizacia, Zlivs naSovni da daqirave-

buli traqtori da sasoflo sameurneo teqnika uars ambobs miuval soflebSi misvlaze.

disproporciaa calkeuli regionebis socialur-ekonomikur da infrastruqturul ganviTareba-

Si: saqarTveloSi arseboben SedarebiT ganviTarebuli da CamorCenili raionebi, romelTa mdgo-

mareoba katastrofulia. gansakuTrebiT mTian regionebSi.

regionebis infrastruqturaSi arsebuli mdgomareoba miuTiTebs xelisuflebis araswor re-

gionul politikaze da TviTmmarTvelobis arsebul mdgomareobaze: TviTmmarTvelobis orga-

noebi, romlebic ufro axlos dganan xalxTan da kargad icnoben adgilobriv saWiroebebs, ar

monawileoben regionuli proeqtebis dagegmvis procesSi. kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRvruli

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis uflebamosileba, SeimuSaos da daamtkicos TviTmmarTve-

li erTeulis ganviTarebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis programa.

qalaqebisgan gansxvavebiT regionebSi ar aris mogvarebuli dasufTaveba da sayofacxovrebo nar-

Cenebis gatana, ar arsebobs nagavsayrelebi. am TvalsazrisiT regionebSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba

sagangaSoa.

ignorirebulia moqalaqeTa monawileoba regionuli ganviTarebis da regionuli infrastruqtu-

ruli proeqtebis dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis procesSi, ris gamoc ar aris uzrunvelyofili

regionuli marTvis meti gamWvirvaloba, gaxsniloba, samoqalaqo Tanxmobis miRweva da regio-

nuli marTvis efeqtianobis amaRleba.

Zalian maRalia tarifebi da arasworad aris organizebuli gadasaxadis amoReba sayofacxovrebo

narCenebis gatanis da wyliT sargeblobisTvis.

93

regionuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT “axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi

iqneba:

• gamarTuli infrastruqtura - yvela sofels

wyali, gazi, gza - uzrunvelyofili unda iyos yvela sofelSi;

• wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis uzrunvelyofa

* regionebSi unda Seiqmnas da ganviTardes kanalizaciisa da saniaRvre infrastruqtura;

* gafarTovdes da gaizardos wyalmomaragebisa da wyalarinebis sistemebis momsaxurebis

areali;

• soflebis gazificireba

gazificirebis procesSi mosaxleobisTvis xelisSewyobis mizniT dainergos SeRavaTiani gan-

vadebis pirobebi;

• gadasaxadebi da tarifebi

gauqmebuli iqneba eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadze wylis da dasufTavebis gadasaxadis “mibmis”

diskrimi naciuli wesi;

• satransporto sistemis ganviTareba

* gamarTuli satransporto infrastruqturis Seqmna;

* transportis sxvadasxva saxeobebis koordinirebuli ganviTarebis prioritetebis gansazRvra;

* regionebSi Sidasaraiono mimosvlisTvis saavtomobilo parkebis formireba jansaRi

konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi;

* saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo gzebis ganviTareba;

* Sida frenebisTvis infrastruqturis ganviTareba;

* saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro regionebis sazRvao-satransporto infrastruqturis

ganviTareba;

• gzebis mSenebloba qalaqebsa da soflebSi

soflebis Sida gzebis Tanamedrove grZelvadiani saeqspluatacio vadis safaris dagebis da

aRdgenis mravalwliani gegmis SemuSaveba da misi etapobrivad ganxorcieleba;

• swori dagegmva da regionebs Soris disproporciis aRmofxvra

uflebamosilebaTa centraluri donidan qveda doneze Camotana, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTv-

elobebis rolis zrda infrastruqturuli proeqtebis dagegmva da ganxorcielebaSi;

regionuli ganviTarebis strategiis dagegmvis, miRebis, ganxorcielebisa da monitoringis

procesis sajarooba, am procesSi moqalaqeebis, dainteresebuli mxareebis, organizaciebisa

da sxvadasxva socialuri jgufebis CarTuloba;

kanonmdeblobiT iqnas uzrunvelyofili adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis ufle-

bamosileba, SeimuSaos da daamtkicos TviTmmarTveli erTeulis infrastruqturuli ganviTa-

rebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis programa;

* dasufTaveba da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana

regionebSi Seiqmnas teritoriis dasufTavebis da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatanis sam-

saxurebi, romlebic ifunqcionireben ara mxolod raionul centrebSi da uzrunvelyofen

sofleSic analogiuri samuSaoebis Catarebas;

94

Tavi VIII. investicia momavalSi - meti Sansebi ganaTlebis, kvlevisa da inovaciebisaTvis

1. arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi

ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba mmarTveli partiis mier yvelaze warmatebul reformad iyo

miCneuli. Tumca reformis dawyebidan ramdenime weliwadSi xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda eRi-

arebina daSvebuli Secdomebi da gamoecxadebina reformis axali etapi.

ganaTlebis sistemis reformis Sefasebisas aucilebelia gamoiyos ramdenime mniSvnelovani cv-

lileba, romelTac dadebiTi gavlena moaxdines sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

TvalsazrisiT: sakanonmdeblo doneze sistemis Zireuli maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra, dafinan-

sebis vauCerul (PerCapita) principze gadasvla da skolebis konkurentul garemoSi moqceva,

ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis determinacia da saswavlo garemos modernizacia, maswavlebelTa

profesiuli ganviTarebis axali sistemis Seqmna, skolebis akreditacia, erTiani erovnuli ga-

mocdebis sistemis Seqmna, profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi dawyebuli modernizacia da sxva.

ganaTlebis sistemis ZiriTad gamowvevas ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis efeqtiani miRweva da

ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRleba warmoadgens. skolebs am amocanebis gadaWraSi umniSvnelova-

nesi roli akisriaT, xolo gadamwyvet faqtors decentralizebul sistemaSi Tavad skolebis

warmatebuli funqcionirebisaTvis marTvis mwyobri sistema warmoadgens.

saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sistemis mniSvnelovani reformirebis periodad 2004 wlis Semdgomi

wlebi moiazreba, Tumca garkveuli, umniSvnelo Zvrebi am mimarTulebiT 90- iani wlebis bolo-

danac aRiniSneboda. 2001 wlis Semdeg daiwyo „saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da

ganmtkicebis “msoflio bankis proeqti, romlis saSualebiTac reformam metad sistemuri xasiaTi

SeiZina, miuxedavad amisa Zireuli cvlilebebis aqtiuri faza, mainc 2005 wlis Semdgom periodze

modis.

ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebis ZiriTad mimarTulebad sistemis decentralizacia dasaxelda,

Tumca konkretulad ar gansazRvrula decentralizaciis ra xarisxze iyo aqcentebi gakeTebuli

da romel doneze unda ganxorcielebuliyo aRniSnuli procesi.

ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia sakmaod gavrcelebuli tendenciaa msoflios mraval

qveyanaSi.zogadad, decentralizacia marTvaSi ganisazRvreba rogorc gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze

uflebamosilebis gadacema organizaciuli ierarqiis zeda donidan qveda doneze.

decentralizaciisadmi interesi msoflioSi (1970-ian wlebSi) samma ZiriTadma faqtorma ganapiroba.

esenia politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da teqnikuri faqtorebi:

• politikuri faqtori

centralizebuli marTvis modelis kritikas yvela sferoSi (amerikaSi, ruseTsa da aRmosav-

leT evropaSi)Sedegad mohyva centraluri mTavrobis rolis reformireba da Semcireba da

bazris rolis gazrda.

• socialur-ekonomikuri faqtori

superanacionaluri organizaciebis warmoqmna amcirebda nacionaluri mTavrobebis gavle-

nas. meores mxriv, bazarze orientirebuli gadawyvetilebebi xels uwyobda adgilobrivi

jgufebis ganviTarebas, centralur mTavrobas sul ufro uWirda socialuri programebisaT-

vis Tanxebis mobilizeba.

amave dros,msoflios ganaTlebis sistemebSi gaormagda da gasammagda moswavleTa nakadi.

maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa raodenobis zrdis pirobebSi centralizebuli mTavroba veRar

95

uzrunvelyofda xarisxs, zrdadi sazogadoebrivi ukmayofileba Camoyalibda moTxovnaSi, rom

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesma gadainacvlos adgilobriv doneze.

• teqnikuri faqtori

sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam gaamartiva sxvadasxva sistemebis

kontroli decentralizebuli marTvis pirobebSi. marTvis axali paradigma yuradRebas amax-

vilebda Sedegze da ara Senatanze, rac zrdida gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi adgilo-

brivi aqtorebis monawileobis mniSvnelovnebas.

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi decentralizaciis procesi sxvadasxva mizans isaxavs. Tumca, SesaZlebelia

maTi samdid kategoriaSi dajgufebac. decentralizaciis procesi ganpirobebulia:

politikuri motivebiT-gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi im jgufebis CarTvis SesaZle-

bloba, romlebic ar iyvnen CarTulebi an Tvlidnen, rom ar iyvnen CarTulebi.

• finansuri motivebiT

centralur mTavrobas ar surs an ar SeuZlia upasuxos sistemis finansur saWiroebebs.

• efeqtianobis motivebiT

romlebic eyrdnoba arguments ,rom adgilobriv doneze gadawyvetilebis miReba amcirebs

erTi konkretuli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis saWiro danaxarjs.

decentralizaciis miznebi

ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba:

• Senatanis odenobis gazrda;

• Senatanis xarisxis gazrda:

• programebis relevanturobis gazrda an programebis morgeba adgilobriv interesebze;

• programebis inovaciurobis gazrda;

• moswavleTaTvis arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZleblobis miniWeba;

• ganaTlebis misawvdomobis kuTxiT uTanasworobis Semcireba;

• swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba.

ganaTlebis sistemis funqcionirebis gaumjobeseba:

• resursebis ganawilebis efeqtianobis gazrda;

• resursebis gamoyenebis efeqtianobis gazrda;

• programebis morgeba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebze;

ganaTlebis dafinansebis odenobis da wyaroebis gazrda:

• ganaTlebaze daxarjuli Tanxebis odenobis gazrda;

• Tanxebis relokacia erTi socialuri jgufidan meoreze (da ara mTavrobis erTi donidan

meoreze);

centraluri mTavrobis interesebis dakmayofileba:

• gare politikuri problemebis Tavidan acileba;

• Sida biurokratiuli problemebis Tavidan acileba;

• finansuri problemebis Semcireba (magaliTad, Semosavlebis generirebis funqciis adgilo-

briv TviTmmarTvelobaze gadabareba);

• erovnul doneze korufciis Semcireba;

adgilobrivi mTavrobis interesebis dakmayofileba:

• ganaTlebisaTvis gankuTvnili Semosavlebis gazrda;

• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebis gafarToeba;

• centralur mTavrobaze zemoqmedebis berketebis warmoqmna;

• politikuri Zalauflebis gadanawileba, centralur doneze aqtorebis Sesusteba

96

miuxedavad reformirebis gzaze warmoqmnili problemebisa, decentralizaciis procesi mimarTu-

lia ganaTlebisa da marTvis efeqtianobis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze da ganapirobebs moqalaqeTa

gansxvavebuli saganmanaTleblo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas. decentralizaciis pirobebSi

SesaZlebeli xdeba gadawyvetilebis meti operatiulobiT miReba da konkretuli skoliT mo-

sargebleTa specifikuri moTxovnebis gaTvaliswineba.

decentralizacia saqarTveloSi

reformis pirvel etapze (2004 wlidan) decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadaidga ramdenime

pozitiuri nabiji.

zogadi ganaTlebis kanonidan gamomdinare (2005), saqarTveloSi arsebuli decentralizaciis mcd-

eloba SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc gadawyvetilebebis didi nawilis miRebaze uflebamosilebis

devolucia skolisa da sxva sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis doneze, sadac centraluri

xelisufleba, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebis politikis, regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvris

funqcias itovebs.

magram, miuxedavad sakanonmdeblo doneze arsebuli decentralizebuli sistemisa, 2009 wli-

dan daiwyo ukuprocesi da nacvlad decentralizaciisa miviReT ukiduresad centralizebuli

sistema, rodesac ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens siste-

mis avtonomiuri erTeulebis Sida procesebze, iqneba es: direqtorebis daniSvna, skolebis Sida

sakadro politika, finansebis gankargva Tu sxva.

miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

skolebi dafuZndnen farTo avtonomiis mqone organizaciebad sajaro samarTlis iuridiul

pirebad da saSualeba miecaT gaexsnaT sakuTari angariSi bankSi. Senoba da Sesabamisi miwis far-

Tobi gadaeca uvado da usasyidlo uzurfruqtis xelSekrulebiT, maTi avtonomia praqtikulad

SezRudulia.

sameurveo sabWoebma, rogorc skolis umaRlesma warmomadgenlobiTma organom, zogadi gana-

Tlebis kanonis Sesabamisad sakmaod farTo uflebamosilebebi moipova, magram maT praqtikulad

ver iTamaSes veranairi roli im uflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebaSi, romelic kanonmdeblobiT

aqvT miniWebuli. sameurveo sabWoebis ara kompetenturobis da formalurad arsebobis gamo

ganaTlebis saministros kargi niadagi eqmneba avtoritaruli mmarTvelobisaTvis. formaluri da

ara formaluri skolis direqtorebi ver gaTavisufldnen gareSe zewolisgan.

ar gazrdila adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis roli zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi. es roli

ZiriTadad, skolebis daxmarebisa da xelSewyobis xasiaTis matarebelia da gadawyvetilebebis

miRebis procesSi maTi monawileoba praqtikulad ar xdeba: adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas aqvs

skolebis daxmarebis ufleba da ara valdebuleba, rac arasistemurs xdis maTi mxridan skolebis

mxardaWeras.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas ganaTlebis resurscentrebis Sesaxeb. maTi saqmianobis miznebi, funqciebi

da amocanebi ganisazRvreba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZanebis safuZvelze damt-

kicebuli tipuri debulebiT. Tumca isini naklebad arian aRWurvili uflebamosilebebiT da maTi

funqcia ZiriTadad informaciis centridan periferiaze da piriqiT gadacemiT Semoifargleba.

resurscentrebis saqmianobis naklad SeiZleba CaiTvalos daniSnulebis bundovaneba, finasebis

simcire, kadrebis nakleboba, materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumarTaoba.

cvlilebebi ganxorcielda ganaTlebis da finansebis sferoSic. yvelaze mniSvnelovani sistemuri

nabiji2004 wels gadaidga, rodesac moxda zogad - saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis erT moswav-

97

leze dafinansebaze gadasvla. igive principi amuSavda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebeb-

Sic, sadac saxelmwifo saswavlo grants moipoveben is studentebi, romlebic saukeTeso Sedegebs

aCveneben erTian erovnul gamocdebze.

miuxedavad imisa, rom wina wlebTan SdarebiT ganaTlebis dafinanseba gaizarda, mdgomareoba

mainc arasaxarbieloa.

maSin, roca xelisufleba ganaTlebas prioritetad aRiarebs, Zalze dabalia ganaTlebaze gaweu-

li xarjebis wili ( igi mSp daaxloebiT 2.5%-s udris), maSin, rodesac es maCvenebeli postsab-

WoTa qveynebSic ki bevrad maRalia).

aRniSnuli maCvenebeli sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT Zalze ara saxarbielo poziciaSi ayenebs saqa-

rTvelos.

rac yvelaze mTavaria saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebulma ganaTlebis reformam ver uzrunvelyo

swavlebis xarisxis amaRleba da xarisxiani ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba.

reformebis pirvelive etapze daSvebulma Secdomebma gamoiwvia skolis funqciis moSla. Sesabam-

isad, miviReT skolis kedlebSi mandaturis meSveobiT moqceuli moswavleebi, xolo xarisxiani

ganaTleba isev skolis gareT darCa. xarisxiani ganaTlebis danaklisi ivseba kerZo repetitoro-

biT, romelic saqarTveloSi sakmaod farTodaa gavrcelebuli.

kvlevebi adastureben, rom umaRles saswavleblebSi CaricxulTa 4/5 mimarTavda kerZo repeti-

torebTan momzadebis raime formas, maSin roca xarisxian zogad ganaTlebaSi mSobels ar unda

sWirdebodes damatebiTi gadasaxadis gadaxda.

arcerTi kerZ.

repetitorebi

mosamz.

kursebi

orive-

kerZ. da rep

98

miuxedavad garkveuli Zvrebisa kritikas ver uZlebs skolebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis md-

gomareoba, gansakuTrebiT soflad. optimizaciis sababiT masobrivad ixureba soflebis skolebi

da moswavleebs mezobel soflebSi ramdenime kilometri fexiT uwevT siaruli.

es mniSvnelovnad gamowveulia swored sistemis ukiduresi centralizaciiT da adgilobrivi

TviTTmarTvelobis organoebis uflebebis dakninebiT. rodesac wydeba ama Tu im sofelSi skolis

daxurvis sakiTxi, es organoebi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi ar monawileoben.

Secdomaa daSvebuli maswavlebelTa serTificirebis udavod dadebiT procesSi, sadac arsad

aris sagakveTilo procesis warmarTvis unaris Sefaseba, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania nebismieri

kategoriis maswavleblisaTvis.

seriozouli problemebia profesiul ganaTlebaSi. Sromis bazris moTxovnis Seswavlis gareSe

ixureba profesiuli saswavleblebi, mwiria dafinanseba, ganaTlebaze gamoyofili sabiujeto

asignebebis mxolod 1 %-s Seadgens profesiul ganaTlebaze gamoyofili Tanxebis raodenoba.

miuxedavad dadebiTi tendenciasa, rac SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis erovnuli samecniero fondis

SeqmniT gamoixata, umZimes mdgomareobaSia qarTuli mecniereba.

“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi ganaTlebis sferoSi:

1. dafinanseba

Cven gavaormagebT ganaTlebis biujets.

saqarTvelos biujetSi ganaTlebisTvis gamoyofili Tanxa dRevandeli 8 procentidan gaizrdeba

16%-mde, xolo mSp-sTan mimarTebSi dRevndeli 2,2%-dan gaizrdeba 5%-mde.

2. skolamdeli ganaTleba

xelmisawvdomi da xarisxiani skolamdeli ganaTlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia saxelmwifom saTanado

doneze xeli Seuwyos iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs rogoricaa, gonebrivad da fizikurad ganviTa-

rebuli Taobis aRzrda, Sobadobis zrdis xelSewyoba, dasaqmebuli mSoblebis mxardaWera da sxva.

sworad organizebuli skolamdeli ganaTleba mniSvnelovan winapirobas qmnis bavSvis momavali

warmatebisaTvis, xolo mciredma Secdomamac ki am safexurze SesaZlebelia gamousworebeli

problemebis winaSe daayenos moswavle. amisaTvis aucilebelia mwyobri, mizanmimarTuli politi-

kis SemuSaveba d adetaluri strategiuli dagegmva skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferoSi.

• prioritetuloba da xelmisawvdomoba

skolamdeli ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa igi prioritetulobiT gauTanabrdes zogad

ganaTlebas.unda iqnes miRweuli misi yvelasaTvis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba da maRali xarisxi.

unda moxdes xelSewyoba da stimulireba am sferoSi kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis.

• normatiuli baza

aucilebelia SemuSavdes skolamdeli ganaTlebis koncefcia da skolamdeli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

kanoni, romelic daaregulirebs skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferos da detalurad gansazRvravs

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saminis-

trosa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebs, uflebebsa da movaleobebs.

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mSoblebisa da pedagogebis warmomadgenlebisagan Seiqmnas sameurveo sabWoebi skolamdeli ga-

naTlebis dawesebulebebSi. sameurveo sabWoebs mieceT direqtorebis arCevis, biujetis damt-

kicebisa da xarjvis monitoringis funqcia.

damuSavdes adreuli swavlisa da ganviTarebis standartebi da gaxdes savaldebulo. erovnul

saswavlo gegmaSi Sevides skolamdeli ganaTlebis komponenti. Seiqmnas skolamdeli ganaTlebis

pedagogis standarti.ganviTardes skolamdeli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis pedagogis momza-

debis sauniversiteto programebi.

• dafinanseba

skolamdeli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis dafinanseba moxdes centraluri biujetidan vau-

CeriT da adgilobrivi biujetidan sabazo dafinansebiT. vauCeris gamoTvla moxdes saWiroebebze

da ara arsebulresursebze damyarebuli formuliT. SemuSavdes minimaluri sabazo dafinansebis

gaangariSebis wesi.

3. zogadi da umaRlesi ganaTleba

zogadi ganaTlebis sistema yvelaze rTuli da mraval komponentiania arsebul saxelmwifo sis-

temebs Soris. garda ZiriTadi politikuri mimarTulebebisa da msxvili miznebisa sistema moicavs

uamrav mcire, magram mniSvnelovan detals. sistemis yoveli komponenti urTierTreagirebs da

erTi maTgan is Cavardnamac ki SeiZleba mTeli sistemis moSla da misi kontrproduqtiuloba

gamoiwvios. garda regulaciebisa ganaTlebis sistemaSi, mis xarisxze da warmatebul funqcioni-

rebaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens adamianuri faqtori. TiToeul pedagogze damokidebuli

aTeulobiT moswavlis bedi da momavali.mTlianobaSi ganaTlebis rTuli sistema sabolood

daiyvaneba konkretul gakveTilamde sadac pedagogi da moswavleebi pirispir rCebian.aseTi

gakveTilebis zRvrulma erTobliobam ki unda migviyvanos erovnuli miznebis miRwevamde. garda

amisa sistemis Sedegianobaze umniSvnelovanes gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis damokidebuleba,

maTi informirebulobis done da monawileoba ganaTlebis procesebSi.

• decentralizacia

moxdeba ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis realuri decentralizacia da uflebebis sruli dele-

gireba. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros funqciad realurad ganisazRvreba politikis,

regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvra.

skolebs miecemaT saSualeba srulfasovnad moaxdinon kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis real-

izacia. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros SeezRudeba skolebis direqtorebis daniSvnis

funqcia.

Seiqmneba skolis auditis jgufebi, romlebic daexmarebian skolebs finansuri da administraci-

uli saqmis warmoebaSi, rac saministros generalur inspeqcias CamoarTmevs skolis daSinebis

berketebs.

moxdeba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisTvis skolebis dafuZnebis, likvidaciisa da optimizaciis

uflebis delegireba.

• ganaTlebis saministro

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro gaxdeba Ria da gamWvirvale organizacia. xelmisawvdomi

100

unda gaxddes yvelanairi informacia raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis Sesaxeb.

unda aRdges da gaZlierdes kvlevebis segmenti ganaTlebis sistemaSi, romlis funqciac unda

iyos permanentuli Sida Sefasebebis Catareba da gare Sefasebis mxardaWera, kvlevebis dakveTa da

maTi ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba.

gaizrdeba samoqalaqo seqtoris monawileoba reformis procesSi. moxdeba yoveli dagegmili

cvlilebisaTvis sajaro ganxilvebis mowyoba da sazogadoebis maqsimaluri informirebuloba.

Seicvleba mandaturis daqvemdebareba da igi aRar daeqvemdebareba saministros. es iqneba skolis

mandaturi, romlis funqciaa skolaSi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da ara ministris policia.

• swavlebis safexurebi

swavlebis safexurebi daiyofa Semdegi principiT: dawyebiTi safexuri I-V klasebi, sabazo safex-

uri V-X klasebi da saSualo safexuri XI-XIIklasebi.

swavlebis mesame safexurze (XI-XII klasebi) swavlas ganagrZoben mxolod is moswavleebi,

romelTac surT umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis miReba da moxdeba maTi momzadeba umaRlesi

saswavleblebisTvis.

• pedagogi

maswavlebelze zrunva, misi socialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, misTvis profesiul ganvi-

TarebaSi xelisSewyoba gaxdeba politikis mTavari mimarTuleba. unda amaRldes maswavleblis

socialuri statusi, raTa man daibrunos sazogadoebaSi kuTvnili adgili.

maswavleblebs finansuradac da meToduradac xeli SeewyobaT kvalifikaciis amaRlebis procesSi.

pedagogTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis sqema kategoriis miniWebisas gaiTvaliswinebs sagakveTilo

procesis warmarTvis Sefasebis Sedegebs. gaizrdeba serTificirebul pedagogTa anazRaureba

da xelfasze danamatis daweseba ar moxdeba mxolod inglisuri enisa da kompiuteris codnebis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

saserTifikacio gamocdaze minimaluri kompetenciis zRvris gadalaxvis SemTxvevaSi maswavle-

blad muSaobis SesaZlebloba unda mieniWos yvela umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirs. maswavleblad

muSaobis dawyebamde, aucilebeli unda gaxdes maZiebeli maswavleblis statusiT muSaoba minimum

eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mentormaswavleblis kuratorobiT.

• swavlis xarisxis amaRleba

skolaSi unda ganviTardes codnis Sefasebis da kompensaciis meqanizmebi. permanentulad unda

xdebodes moswavleTa mravalkomponentiani Sida saskolo da gare Sefasebebi. aRniSnuli Sefaseba

ar unda atarebdes damsjelobiT xasiaTs. misi mizani unda iyos moswavleebis codnasa da unar-

CvevebSi xarvezebis gamovlena da pedagogebisaTvis rekomendaciebis micema maT gamosasworeblad.

kerZo repetitorobis masStabebis Semcireba unda moxdes mxolod skolaSi ganaTlebis dab-

runebiTa da xarisxis amaRlebiT.

101

Cven mxars vuWerT erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Canacvlebas saatestacio gamocdebiT, radgan

saatestacio gamocda iZleva ufro vrcel maCveneblebs moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb.

etapobrivad unda moxdes umaRlesi saswavleblebis realuri avtonomiurobis amaRleba da abitu-

rientTa SerCevis procesSi maTi monawileobis zrda.

skolaSi moswavleTa raodenoba klasSi ar unda aRematebodes 20 moswavles . amiT swavlis

xarisxis amaRlebasTan erTad moimatebs samuSao adgilebis raodenoba pedagogebisTvis.

gansakuTrebuli unarebis mqone bavSvebisTvis Seiqmneba specialuri skolebi, sadac Sesabamisi

saskolo programebis meSveobiT sagangebod Seewyoba xeli maTi niWis ganviTarebas, upirveles

yovlisa sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi.ganaTlebis sistema aRar iqneba unificirebuli da orien-

tirebuli iqneba inteleqtualuri elitis generirebaze.

• saxelmZRvanelo

dafinansebis zrdasTan erTad unda moxdes dawyebiT da sabazo safexurze moswavleTaTvis sax-

elmZRvaneloebis SeZenis saxelmwifo dafinansebis sistemis SemoReba.

radgan qveynis konstituciis mixedviT, sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa, aseve savaldebulo unda

iyos dawyebiT da sabazo safexurebze saxelmZRvaneloebiT moswavleebis uzrunvelyofa saxelm-

wifos xarjze.

• kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centri

saqarTvelo unda gadaiqces kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centrad da daibrunos Tavisi tradici-

uli adgili regionSi;

• profesiuli ganaTleba

axalgazrdobis mniSvnelovani nawilisaTvis, romelic ar apirebs fundamenturi ganaTlebis

miRebas, qveynis regionebsa da qalaqebSi unda gaixsnas profesiuli da umaRlesi profesiuli

saswavleblebi. Sromis bazris adgilobrivi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT am saswavleblebSi gan-

sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces, rogorc saxelobo ganaTlebas, aseve zogad ganaTlebas,

imgavarad rom survilis SemTxvevaSi, profesiuli saswavleblis kursdamTavrebuli mzad iyos

umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad. qveyana ar unda ganicdides kvali-

ficiuri SemduReblebis, kalatozebis, sanitrebis, eqTnebisa da sxv. profesiuli kadrebis defi-

cits.

• umaRlesi ganaTleba

mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministros mier dRemde tardeba mxolod institucionaluri akred-

itacia. jer-jerobiT ar Catarebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis programuli akreditacia, rac

evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi integrirebis erT-erTi pirobaa.

universitetebs dauyonebliv unda daubrundes realuri avtonomia, umaRlesi saswavleblis

profesor-maswavleblebma damoukideblad unda gansazRvron saswavleblis marTvis principebi da

saswavlo procesis struqtura. isini realurad TviTon unda irCevdnen saswavleblis reqtors

da xelmZRvanel rgolebs. fakultetebs saSualeba unda mieceT Tavisi moTxovnebi da kriteri-

umebi wauyenon erovnul sagamocdo centrs da maTi moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas

abiturientebis Caricxvis wessa da normativebSi.

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aucileblad unda Seicvalos saxelmwifo umaRlesi saswavleblebis dafinansebis sistema. ar

SeiZleba universitetebis erTaderT finansur wyaros studentis vauCeri warmoadgendes. bolo-

niis procesis fuZemdebluri dokumentebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo valdebulia afinansebdes

sauniversiteto mecnierebas. sabazo dafinansebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Tanamedrove standartebis

Sesabamisi kvleva mecnierebis fundamentur dargebSi, medicinaSi, pedagogikasa da humanitarul

sferoSi, warmoudgenelia kvleviTi laboratoriebis aRWurva da maTi mudmivi gadaiaraReba.

sauniversiteto mecnierebis gareSe verc swavlebis done da xarisxi iqneba boloniis procesSi

CarTuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis standartis Sesabamisi. metic, boloniis procesis saprogramo

dokumentebis Tanaxmad, universitetad mxolod is saswavlebeli miiCneva, sadac samecniero kvl-

eva da swavleba erTdroul da urTierTgadamkveT procesebs warmoadgens.

garda amisa, saxelmwifo universitetebis sabazo dafinanseba unda faravdes saswavlo procesis

xarjebsac, rac uzrunvelyofs bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze ufaso ganaTlebis

miRebis saSualebas imaTTvis, vinc Sesabamis qulebs daagrovebs saskolo atestisa da saerTo-

erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegad. ufaso seqtorze mswavlelTa raodenoba unda ganisazRvros

ganaTlebis dargSi saxelmwifo politikisa da calkeuli fakultetebis SesaZleblobaTa gaTval-

iswinebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msurvelTa raodenoba aWarbebs arsebuli adgilebis raodenobas,

calkeul fakultetebs unda mieceT fasiani seqtoris gaxsnis saSualebac, Tuki isini akmayo-

fileben instituciuri akreditaciis normativebs.

• mecniereba

Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi samecniero kvlevebis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa iseTi axali

qmedunariani institucionaluri sistemis Seqmna, romelic xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi arse-

buli samecniero potencialis maqsimalur realizebas, mecnierebis mudmiv ganviTarebas da mis

erTian evropul samecniero sivrceSi integracias.

mecnierebis marTvis sistemis reformis Catarebisas yoveli cvlileba unda efuZnebodes mec-

nierebis organizaciis saerTaSorisod aRiarebul Semdeg normebs:

• akademiuri Tavisuflebis princips, romelic gulisxmobs mecnierTa erTobis sakmaod did av-

tonomias maTi samecniero saqmianobis organizaciisa da, Sesabamisad, mecnierebis akademiuri

mxaris marTvis saqmeSi;

• eqspertizis princips, romelic mecnierebis marTvis umTavres komponentad aRiarebs samec-

niero produqciis Sefasebas Tavad mecnierTa erTobidan gamorCeuli, saerTaSoriso samec-

niero avtoritetis mqone eqspertebis mier;

• koordinaciis princips, fundamentur mecnierebaTa dargebis erTianobis princips, rac mec-

nierebis ganviTarebis mocemul etapze aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens srulfasovani mecni-

eruli saqmianobis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis;

• codnis akumulaciis princips;

• saswavlo dawesebulebebTan TanamSromlobis princips;

mecnieruli kvleva sakmaod xarjtevadi sferoa da misi ganviTareba soliduri finansirebis

gareSe warmoudgenelia. qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia, rom qveyanaSi gaizar-

dos mecnierebis biujeturi dafinanseba. Cvens qveyanaSi am TvalsazrisiT dReisTvis arsebuli

maCveneblebi veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs.

mecnierebis dafinansebaSi mozidul unda iqnas dafinansebis alternatiuli wyaroebi, ZiriTadad

kerZo seqtoris xarjze. saqarTvelom fexi unda auwyos msoflioSi gabatonebul tendencias,

romelic uzrunvelyofs kerZo seqtoris monawileobis zrdas rogorc fundamenturi, ise gamoy-

enebiTi mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi. marto jandacviT mecnierebaze yovelwliurad msoflioSi

daxarjuli daaxloebiT 80 miliardi dolaridan, TiTqmis naxevari - 40 miliardi modis kerZo

seqtorze.

103

saxelmwifo universitetebis msgavsad, fundamentur mecnierebaTa dafinansebac unda iTval-

iswinebdes rogorc sabazo, ise grantuli dafinansebis Tanamedrove evropul standartebs.

XXI saukunis dasawyisSi (lisaboni 2000 w. da barselona 2002 w.) evropis qveynebis mTavrobebma

xeli moaweres deklaraciebs, romlis mixedviTac evropa miznad isaxavs 2010 wlisaTvis gaxdes

codnaze damyarebuli sazogadoeba da Seqmnas codnaze damyarebuli ekonomika.

dasavleTis qveynebSi mecnieruli saqmianobis warmarTvis ZiriTadi parametrebi exeba misi da-

finansebis zomas da mecnierebaSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis raodenobas. dasavleT evropaSi

mecnierebis dafinansebas yovelwliurad xmardeba Sida erovnuli produqtis daaxloebiT 3%.

aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi es parametri dRes ukve 1-1,5%-is farglebSia, saqarTveloSi ki

0,.2%-s ar aRemateba. evrokavSiris qveynebSi yovel aTas dasaqmebulze saSualod modis 5 mec-

nier muSaki, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi – 7, xolo iaponiaSi – 9.

es situacia aucilebels xdis saqarTveloSic Seiqmnas mecnierul codnasa da ganaTlebaze da-

fuZnebuli sazogadoeba, rac pirvel rigSi, mecnierebis dafinansebis Tanmimdevrul zrdas da

axalgazrda mecnierTa Camoyalibebis intensifikacis gulisxmobs.

gadaudebelia axalgazrda mecnierTa Camoyalibebis, maTi saerTaSoriso samecniero sivrceSi

integrebisaTvis specialuri saxelmwifo programis SemuSaveba, raTa maT mieceT ucxoeTis samec-

niero centrebSi xangrZlivi samecniero mivlinebis da, agreTve, doqtoranturis kursis gavlis

saSualeba.

saxelmwifom unda gansazRvros prioritetebi qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisTvis, rogorc

zogadi, ise dargobrivi.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iseTi mimarTulebebis mxardaWeras da ganviTarebas, rogoricaa qarTuli enaTmecniereba, Cvens

sarwmunoebasTan, saqarTvelos istoriasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Seswavla.

mizanSewonilia, saqarTveloSi funqcionirebdes mecnierebis ganviTarebis Sereuli modeli. ker-

Zod: gaZlierdes da meti stimuli mieces sauniversiteto mecnierebas, optimizaciis xarjze xeli

Seewyos akademiuri mecnierebis Semdgom ganviTarebas; unda ganxorcieldes sauwyebo mecnierebis

radikaluri optimizacia da misi didi nawilis integracia akademiur da sauniversiteto mec-

nierebaSi. ganxorcieldes dublirebuli s/k institutebis optimizacia da SesaZleblobis far-

glebSi maTi integracia universitetebTan, riTac xeli Seewyoba akademiuri da sauniversiteto

mecnierebis daaxloebas,

umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT qveyanaSi unda ganxorcieldes rogorc saxelm-

wifo, ise kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis umkacresi programuli akreditacia.

ssip – samecniero kvleviT institutebs unda hqondeT ufleba da valdebuleba saTanado

xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze universitetebTan erTad Caataron samecniero kvlevebi da xeli

Seuwyon magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis momzadebas (aseTi xelSekrulebebi savaldebulo

unda gaxdes kvleviTi institutebisaTvis saxelmwifo akreditaciagavlili universitetebis

moTxovnisTanave da gavrceldes institutis resursebis 15-20%-ze). amgvari TanamSromlobis

xelSekruleba moawesrigebs kvleviTi dawesebulebebisa da universitetebis urTierTobas da

gamoricxavs institutebis meqanikurad mierTebas universitetebTan, rac iwvevs arsebuli kvlevi-

Ti gamocdilebis gabnevas, kvleviTi kulturis donis dacemas, arsebuli samecniero skolebis

daSlas.

104

4. mecniereba da ekonomika

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa - saqarTvelos mosaxleobis keTil-

dReobis zrdis uzrunvelyofa. am amocanis gadaWra SeuZlebelia codnaze dafuZnebuli eko-

nomikis mSeneblobis gareSe. unda gamoikveTos mecnierulad dasabuTebuli qveynis ekonomikis

ganviTarebis prioritetebi, gaTvaliswinebiT arsebuli resursebisa, rogoricaa adgilobrivi

nedleuli, kvalificirebuli kadrebi, dagrovili samecniero-teqnologiuri codna manqanamSene-

blobaSi, mikro da optoeleqtrinikaSi, bioteqnologiaSi, qimiur da metalurgiul teqnologieb-

Si, farmokoqimiaSi, energetikaSi, mSeneblobaSi, agroseqtorSi da sxva. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

prioritetebis gansazRvrisas unda gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes saqarTvelos mier xelmowerili da

ratificirebuli dokumentebi, gansakuTrebiT ekologiisa da energetikis dargebSi (kiotos pro-

tokoli, orxusis konvencia da sxva).

codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomikis mSeneblobisaTvis aucilebelia programuli grantebis meqaniz-

mis amoqmedeba da sainovacio politikis gatareba. cnobilia, rom Tu mecnierebisa da inovaciebis

dafinanseba naklebia, vidre mTliani erovnuli produqtis 1%, ekonomikis zrdis TvalsazrisiT

progress ar unda velodoT da damatebiTi dafinanseba ekonomikidan praqtikulad ar Semodis.

aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelos biujetidan mecnierebisa da inovaciebis dafinanseba swrafad

gaizardos am minimalur maCveneblamde mainc. fundamentur mecnierebaTa erovnul centrs an

dargobriv centrebs unda daevalos swrafad Seivson monacemTa baza qveyanaSi arsebuli Taname-

drove teqnologiuri codnis Sesaxeb da dauyonebliv unda daiwyos am teqnologiebis danergva

qveynis ekonomikaSi.

105

Tavi IX. gadavarCinoT da msoflios gavacnoT unikaluri qarTuli kultura

qarTuli kultura Cveni saerTo erovnuli saganZuria. kultura is fundamentia, romelic ers

aerTianebs.

kulturuli memkvidreoba qarTveli xalxis Zlierebisa da siamayis wyaroa. globalizaciis eraSi

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva, reabilitacia da movla aucilebelia misi ganviTarebisa da

erovnuli identobis SesanarCuneblad.

bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier seqtoris reabilitaciis, struqturuli cvli-

lebebis ganxorcielebis da saerTaSoriso masStabis kulturuli RonisZiebebis mowyobis miuxe-

davad, seqtoris mdgradi da swrafi ganviTareba saWiroebs damatebiT xelSewyobas.

mwiria kulturis ganviTarebisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisTvis gamoyofili sabiu-

jeto saxsrebi. dRes saqarTveloSi mSp-dan % mxolod 0,3 gamoiyofa kulturis ganviTarebisT-

vis da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisaTvis xolo biujetSi am mizniT gamoyofili xarjebi

mxolod 1,5% Seadgens.

miuxedavad imisa, rom qveyanaSi arsebobs kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis politika, Seqmnilia

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebi, mainc uamravi kulturuli memkvidreobis Ze-

gli ingreva da nadgurdeba an araswori saqmianobis Sedegad Zeglebis mimarTxorcieldeba ara-

koreqtuli intervenciebi. amas xeli Seuwyo 2008 wlis ivnisSi parlamentis mier kulturuli

memkvidreobis kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanam, ramac kulturuli memkvidreobis dasacavad da

SesanarCunebladfizikur da iuridiul pirTa valdebulebebis gazrdis nacvlad investorebs da

menaSeneebs kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglebTan mimarTebaSi Tavisufleba mianiWa.

SemaSfoTebelia saqarTveloSi arsebuli somxuri, kaTolikuri da sxva konfesiebis kulturuli

da religiuri Zeglebis mdgomareoba, romlebic nadgurdeba maTi kuTvnilebis sakiTxSi arse-

buli gaurkvevlobis gamo. sadavo sakiTxebis miuxedavad es Zeglebi Cvens saamayo kulturul

memkvidreobas warmoadgenen da yovlad dauSvebelia maTi ngreva.

saxelmwifo aRar zrunavs qarTuli enis, rogorc saqarTvelos kulturuli da informaciuli

erTianobis SenarCunebis garantis ganviTarebaze;

praqtikulad regioni, garda ramdenime qalaqisa, darCenilia kulturis centrebis gareSe.

kulturis dargSi Cveni prioritetia:

qveyanaSi kulturuli cxovrebis gaaqtiureba

• gaizrdeba kulturis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo mxardaWera;

• arc erTi niWieri adamiani ar darCeba mxardaWeris gareSe, am mizniT saxelovnebo saswavleb-

lebSi maTTvis swavla iqneba saxelmwifos xarjze;

• moxdeba biblioTekebis qselis modernizacia yvela raionSi. kompiuteruli teqnologiebi

danergva saqarTvelos yvela biblioTekaSi, maT Soris saskolo biblioTekebSi;

• gaizrdeba samamulo kinos da Teatris ganviTarebis mxardaWera, risTvisac biujetidan gamoi-

yofa damatebiTi asignebebi;

• amaRldeba kulturis muSakebis, maT Soris kulturis saxlebis, biblioTekebis TanamS-

romelTa statusi da moxdeba maTi xelfasebis zrda;

106

• Cven principulad umiSvnelovanes sakiTxad migvaCnia, rom aRmoifxvras regionebSi kulturu-

li cxovrebis ganviTarebaSi arsebuli sagangaSi Cavardnada am mdgomareobis dauyovnebliv

gamosworebis mizniT yvela raionsa da sofelSi gaixsneba klubebi, romlebic aRidgenen kul-

turuli centrebis funqcias;

• sulier -zneobrivi Rirebulebebis da saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi identobis damkvidrebasTan

erTad saxelmwifo izrunebs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi erovnuli umciresobebis TviTmyofadi

kulturis dacvasa da ganviTarebaze;

• saqarTveloSi kulturulimravalferovnebisSenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis mizniT damatebiTi

SesaZleblobebimiecemaT eTnikuriumciresobebiswarmomadgenlebsTavianTikulturis warmoa-

CenisaTvis ;

• kulturis politikis Camoyalibebis procesSi moxdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqti-

uri CarTva, saxelmwifo seqtorTan TanamSrolobas mxardaWera;

kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba

• kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis dacvis SenarCunebis, maT mimarT ganxorcielebuli

saxifaTo intervenciis, Zeglebis restavraciis da konservaciis procesSi TviTneburi

gadawyvetilebebis aRkveTis mizniT gamkacrdeba kanonmdebloba, gaizrdeba am procesSi spe-

cialistebis, sazogadoebis da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos monawileoba:

• saxelmwifo izrunebs axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze tradiciuli xelovnebisa da kul-

turuli memkvidreobis dacvis, daarqivebisa da xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi;.

• kulturiuli memkvidreobis SesanarCuneblad moxdeba mecenatebis da qvelmoqmedebis sax-

elmwifoebrivi mxardaWera sakanonmdeblo doneze;

• saqarTveloSi arsebuli somxuri, kaTolikuri da sxva eTnikuri kuTvnilebis Tu religiuri

mimarTulebebis Zeglebis ngrevis da ganadgurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, maTi restavra-

cia da konservacia moxdeba kuTvnilebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebSi arsebuli gaugebro-

bebis miuxedavad;

qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatana, qarTuli enis ganviTareba

• qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatanis mizniT biujetSi gaizrdeba asignebebi:

• erT-erTi prioriteti gaxdeba zrunva qarTuli enis, rogorc saqarTvelos kulturuli da

informaciuli erTianobis SenarCunebis garantis ganviTarebaze;

;

107

Tavi X. SevuqmnaT momavali saqarTvelos momavals

swavlis safasuris gazrda, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmiuwvdomloba, umuSevroba, sakuTari bi-

nis ararseboba - es is problemebia, romelsac awydeba axalgazrdobis didi umravlesoba saqa-

rTveloSi. axalgazrduli asaki dRes socialuri riskis jgufad iqca, radgan procentulad

swored axalgazrdobaze modis dausaqmebelTa udidesi wili. axalgazrdoba ver axerxebs saku-

Tari Tavis realizacias, ver poulobs Tavis adgils cxovrebaSi, rac iwvevs maTSi narkomaniis,

alkoholizmis da damnaSaveobis zrdas.

gansakuTrebiT cudi gavlena iqonia axalgazrdobis mdgomareobaze iman, rom qveyanaSi umZimes

mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda fizikuri ganviTareba da sporti. jansaRi cxovrebis wesi ver iqca qvey-

nis prioritetad.

saqarTveloSi sporti yovelTvis sargeblobda gansakuTrebuli popularobiT. wlebis manZilze

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebi warmatebebs aRwevdnen saerTaSoriso apparezze. maRal doneze iyo

skolis farglebSi fizikuri aRzrda, sportuli wreebi da bazebi. samwuxarod, 90-iani wlebis

bolosa da 2000- iani wlebis dasawyisSi qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma da Seqmnilma mZime

ekonomikurma situaciam, didi gavlena iqonia sportis ganviTarebaze, fizikuri aRzrdis mdgo-

mareobaze, axalgazrdobis monawileobaze fizikur kulturasa da sportSi. ganadgurda spor-

tuli obieqtebi, moiSala sportuli skolebis sistema.

„axali memarjveneebis “ axalgazrdul politikaSi aqcenti gakeTdeba TiToeuli axalgazrdisaT-

vis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnaze TviTrealizaciisaTvis, axalgazrdobis aqtiurad wamow-

evaze mmarTvelobis yvela sferoSi da xelisuflebis yvela safexurze.

xeli Seewyoba jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas, fizikuri kulturisa da sportis ganviTa-

rebas. moxdeba axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba.

axalgazrduli politikis kuTxiT Cveni prioritetebia:

socialuri garantiebi axalgazrdobisTvis

• momzaddeba Tanmimdevruli axalgazrduli politika, romelic gadaWris maT winaSe mdgar

yvelaze mwvave problemebs, Seqmnis axalgazrdobisTvis realur socialur garantiebs;

• swrafi interneti xelmisawvdomi iqneba saqarTvelos nebismier sofelsa da dasaxlebul pun-

qtSi. skolebSi interneti iqneba ufasod;

• studenturi sesxebi gaicema dasavluri principebiT ( sesxis gastumrebis valdebuleba ara

swavlis procesSi, aramed swavlis damTavrebisa da muSaobis dawyebis Semdgom);

• dawesdeba SeRavaTi im kompaniebisTvis, romlebic studentebs daasaqmeben - aseTi kompaniebi

gaTavsufldebian studentebisTvis saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaxdisgan;

• moxdeba soflad axalgazrdobis cxovrebis da dasaqmebis finansuri waxaliseba;

cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidreba

• qveyanaSi ganxorcieldeba jansaRi cxovrebis wesis propaganda,

• Seiqmneba pirobebi fizikur kulturasa da sportSi axalgazrdobis masobrivad CabmisaTvis;

• sportuli skolebi gaxdeba xelmisawvdomi TiToeuli axalgazrdisTvis;

108

• saxelmwifo izrunebs gansakuTrebuli niWiT dajildoebuli axalgazrdebis sportSi Cabmasa

da maTi sportuli karieris Seqmnaze. maTTvis Seiqmneba ufaso sportuli skolebi;

• saxelmwifos xarjze iswavlian da ganaviTareben TavianT sportul SesaZleblobebs socialu-

rad daucveli ojaxebis Svilebi;

• xeli Seewyoba sauniversiteto sportis ganviTarebas;

• xeli Seewyoba sportis tradiciuli saxeobebis aRdgenas da ganviTarebas;

• sportis olimpiuri saxeobebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo politika Camoyalibdeba;

• biznesisTvis sportis ganviTarebaSi investiciebis Cadeba ekonomikurad waxalisdeba;

• xeli Seewyoba fizikuri kulturisa da sabavSvo sportis ganviTarebas ;

• sporti gaTavisufldeba politikisagan.

axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba:

• SemoRebul iqneba axalgazrdobisTvis socialuri sacxovrebeli farTebis mSeneblobis praq-

tika, risTvisac yovelwliurad saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoiyofa 30 mln.lari;

• anazRaurebadi dekretuli Svebulebis xangrZlivoba, dRes arsebuli 4 Tvidan gaizrdeba 1

wlamde;

• dekretuli Svebulebis dros dedas SeunarCundeba samuSao adgili;

• 0-dan 14 wlamde asakis bavSvTa mkurnalobis xarjebi srulad dafinansdeba saxelmwifos mier;

• Seiqmneba baga-baRebis Tanamedrove sistema, romelTa dafinanseba moxdeba saxelmwifo biu-

jetidan;

• baga-baRis aRsazrdel TiToeul bavSvze mSobels miecema damatebiT 50-lariani vauCeri;