Prof. Anil Kumar Srivastava Director National Dairy Research Institute Karnal-132001 (India)

Prof. Anil Kumar SrivastavaProf. Anil Kumar SrivastavaDirectorDirector

National Dairy Research InstituteNational Dairy Research InstituteKarnal-132001 (India)Karnal-132001 (India)

R&D IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: R&D IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE ROAD STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE ROAD

MAPMAP

Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

R&D in Indian AgricultureR&D in Indian Agriculture

• India has one of the largest and well coordinated public agricultural research systems in the world.

• Agricultural R&D is almost completely funded by the federal and states governments

• Private investment in agricultural R&D has increased fivefold since the mid-1990s.


Private Sector in Agriculture R&DPrivate Sector in Agriculture R&D

• Seed industry for field crops, fruits, and vegetables;

• Pesticide industry;

• Farm machinery industry

• Poultry Husbandry


Indian Agriculture as TodayIndian Agriculture as Today

> 17% of the world’s human & 12% livestock population

4.2% of the global water

2.4% of the world’s land

142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated

137% cropping intensity

52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture

16.6% contribution in GDP

10.23% earning of total exports (Rs. 86,000 crores)


Productivity Gains Productivity Gains

CommodityProductivity

1950 2009 Times

Food Grains, kg/ha 522 1898 3.6

Fruits, kg/ha 8600 13700 1.6

Vegetables, kg/ha 7500 15600 2.1

Fish, kg/ha (Aquaculture) 400 2700 6.8

Milk litre/lactation 583 1080 1.8

Eggs, No./bird 50 238 4.8


Production of Food Grains Production of Food Grains (Million Ton)(Million Ton)

198.36208.6 217.28

230.78 234.47218.11

244.78257.44

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Source: Ministry of Agriculture


Year Wheat Rice Pulses Oilseeds Cotton Sugarcane

2010-11 93.90 104.32 17.21 30.01 35.20 357.67

2011-12 86.87 95.98 18.24 32.47 34.08 342.38

Commodity Wise Production (million Commodity Wise Production (million ton)ton)

Source: Ministry of Agriculture


Growth Rate in Sub-sectors of Agriculture Growth Rate in Sub-sectors of Agriculture (percent / year)(percent / year)

Period Crop sector Livestock Horticulture crops

1950-1960 3.06 1.42 0.74

1960-1970 1.70 0.41 4.87

1970-1980 1.79 3.92 2.86

1980-1990 2.24 4.91 2.63

1990-2000 3.02 3.79 5.95

2000-2009 3.06 3.90 3.35


Crops 2000-01 to 2008-09

Cotton 12.96Bajra 4.38Groundnut 3.81Soybean 3.15Jowar 3.03Maize 2.58Sunflower 2.51Rapeseed & Mustard 1.93Rice 1.69Wheat 0.24

Growth Rate in Productivity of Major Growth Rate in Productivity of Major Crops (% / year)Crops (% / year)


Production of Important Livestock Products Production of Important Livestock Products in Indiain India

Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12th Plan on Animal Husbandry


Year Meat Eggs

1991-92 to 1999-2000 1.01 4.18

2000-01 to 2010-11 1.11 5.60

Percent Annual Growth inPercent Annual Growth inLivestock Products in IndiaLivestock Products in India

Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12th Plan on Animal Husbandry


Estimated and Targeted Growth Estimated and Targeted Growth Rates for Rates for

Horticultural and Plantation CropsHorticultural and Plantation Crops

Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group on Hrticultural and Plantation Crops for 12 th Plan

5.555.16

2.041.5

5.16

7.57

4.99

6

7

4 4

5.5

8

6.5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Fruit Vegetables Spices Plantation Crops Flowers Nuts Overall

11th Plan 12th Plan


YearGrowth rate

(% per annum)

1950-51 to 1960-61 1.64

1960-61 to 1973-74 1.15

1973-74 to 1980-81 4.51

1980-81 to 1990-91 5.50

1990-91 to 2000-01 4.21

2000-01 to 2008 4.10

Growth Rate in Milk ProductionGrowth Rate in Milk Production


Dairying Wealth of IndiaDairying Wealth of India

About 70% of milk is produced by marginal and small

farmers having 2-4 animals

The productivity of Indian milch animal is 1012 kg/ year

(world average is 2200 kg/ year)

World

• Production of milk stands at 720 million tones. Asia produces 256 million tones

• Growth rate is only 1.1%

India

• Highest milk producer with 130 million tones

• Nearly 3.5 – 4 times higher than world average growth rate, despite minimal investment


Trend in Milk Production in IndiaTrend in Milk Production in India


Trend in Per Capita Availability of Trend in Per Capita Availability of Milk in IndiaMilk in India


Contribution of Different Animal Contribution of Different Animal to Milk Poolto Milk Pool


Projected Food Demands (mt)Projected Food Demands (mt)

Commodity 2020-21

Cereals 262.0

Pulses 22.2

Food grains 284.2

Egg (number billion) 87.6

Meat 4.1

Fish 11.9

Oilseeds 68.6

Vegetables 159.7

Fresh fruits 96.5

Sugarcane 435.6


Projected Milk DemandProjected Milk Demand

2012 2015 (Projected) 2020 (Projected)

127.3 MT 142.9 MT 191.3 MT

At the existing rate of growth in milk production, in next ten years, supply is likely to fall short of the demand.


Major ConcernsMajor Concerns

Water crisis

Soil degradation and fatigue

Genetic erosion

High post-harvest losses

Inadequate markets and unfavourable trade

Fragile policy support


Pesticides Registered in Different Pesticides Registered in Different CountriesCountries


Pesticides Used in Different Pesticides Used in Different CountriesCountries


Tapping the Untapped Animal Population

Improving Reproduction would fill the gapImproving Reproduction would fill the gap

How?How?


Category Milk production (Est.)

Crossbred cattle 2.64 MT

Indigenous cattle 3.97 MT

Buffaloes 5.78 MT

Total 12.39 MT

Rise in Milk Production, if we make Rise in Milk Production, if we make “uncalved” to “Calved” status…“uncalved” to “Calved” status…

Additional 12.39 MT (total milk production would be 142.39 MT)


Calving Interval: Desired vs Calving Interval: Desired vs ExistingExisting

Calving Cyclicity Conception Gestation

Calving to conception 85 d Vs 169 d

Calving interval = 425 d Vs 479 d

Calving

Calving Calving Cyclicity Conception Gestation

Calving to conception = 85 d Vs 136 d

Calving interval = 365 d Vs 414 d

Cattle

Buffaloes


Missing of Heat: Economic LossesMissing of Heat: Economic Losses

• Each missed heat is a missed opportunity. It delays calving by at least 21 days and implies a loss of at least 21 days of milk.

• Assuming a production average of only 5 liters per day, it translates into 105 litres or Rs. 3150. Added to this is the cost of maintenance for 21 days@ 65 /- (Rs 1365).

• Hence each missed heat leads to a loss of Rs. 4515/- for the farmer.


Age at puberty of buffaloesAge at puberty of buffaloes( Exotic vs. Indigenous )( Exotic vs. Indigenous )


Availability & Demand of Male Availability & Demand of Male Germplasm Germplasm

(million)(million)

Adult

Female

Cattle

Adult Female

Buffalo

Total Adult

Female

In-milk cattle and

buffalo

Semen

Straws

Available

AI Covered

In-milk cattle and

buffalo

AI Not

Covered

In-milk cattle and

buffalo

72.91 54.47 127.38 77. 04 52 27 45.49

Additional demand of male germplasm = 91 million strawsAssume 15% animal served through natural services


Focused Research PrioritiesFocused Research Priorities


OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012

Ovum Pick-up Technology from Clinically Ovum Pick-up Technology from Clinically Infertile/ Infertile/

Sub-Fertile Animals Sub-Fertile Animals

Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013

Cloned Calf “Shrestha” born on August 26th, 2010

(Success Story of NAIP Project)(Success Story of NAIP Project)

SummarySummary

• Let us work together towards the common global goal i.e. for accelerating food production to provide food and nutritional security for every citizen of the world.



Documents

Prof. Anil Kumar Srivastava Director National Dairy Research Institute Karnal-132001 (India)