Product design, Fundamentals and Methods.pdf

7/22/2019 Product design, Fundamentals and Methods.pdf

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P r o d u c t D e s ig nF u n d a m e n t a l s a n dM e t h o d s

N F. M. RoozenburgJ. EekelsDelft University ofTechnology heN etherlands

JOHN WILEY SONSChichester NewYork Brisbane Toronto Singapore


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C o n t e n t sPreface xi

Part I Product Design and Design Methodology1 Introduction 3

1.1 Product Design 31.2 Design Methodology 51.3 The Division of this Book 7References 8

2 Product Development 92.1 Introduction 92.2 The Product Life Cycle 92.3 The Structure of the Innovation Process 112.4 Product Planning 14

2.4.1 The Idea for a New Business Activity 142.4.2 Idea Finding 152.4.3 Product Policy 16

2.5 Strict Development 182.5.1 The Technical Development Process 182.5.2 Technical Development as an Iterative

Process 202.5.3 The Commercial Development Process 212.5.4 Product Development as a Whole 232.5.5 Closing Remarks 25

References 273 Design Methodology 29

3.1 Introduction 293.2 What is Design Methodology? 293.3 Science and Technology; Logic and

Methodology 323.4 The Key Methodological Problem 35


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3.5 What is a Method? 373.5.1 Characteristics of Methods 373.5.2 The Concepts 'System' and 'Structure' 393.5.3 The Concept 'Method' 403.5.4 Heuristic and Algorithmic Methods 423.5.5 Method and Organization 45

3.6 The Effectiveness of Design Methods 47References 48Further Reading 48

Part II Design Problem and Design Process5353545455555657666636668686869777274

7988

The Structure of the Design Process 835.1 Introduction 835.2 Designing as Problem Solving 84

5.2.1 The Empirical Cycle 84

What is Design?4.14.2

4.3

4.4

IntroductionThe Design Problem4.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.54.2.6

From Function to FormFormPropertiesFunctionThe Kernel of the Design ProblemThe Dual Functioning of Products

The Structure of Technical Action4.3.14.3.24.3.3

ActionMakingTechnical Action and Designing

Patterns of Reasoning4.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.44.4.54.4.64.4.74.4.8

References

IntroductionThe Material ImplicationDeductive and Reductive ReasoningDeductionInductionAbductionInnoductionAn Example of the Four Patterns ofReasoning

Further Reading


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V I I

5.2.2 The Basic Design Cycle 875.3 The Phases of the Product Design Process 93

5.3.1 Introduction 935.3.2 Foundations of Phase Models 945.3.3 Three Phase Models - One Thought 102

5.4 The Phases of the Product DevelopmentProcess; Concentric Development 111

5.5 Comparison of the Basic Cycles of Designand Empirical Scientific Inquiry 115

References 125

Part HI Methodics: Methods, Rules, Recommendations

Analysis: from Design Problem to DesignSpecification6.16.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

IntroductionProblem Definition6.2.1 What is a Problem?6.2.2 Defining ProblemsTypes of Objectives in the Design Specification6.3.1 Goals and Objectives6.3.2 Scaling and Non-scaling Objectives6.3.3 Requirements and Wishes6.3.4 Standards6.3.5 Performance Specifications and FormSpecifications6.3.6 Means and EndsDesirable Properties of the Design Specification6.4.1 Validity6.4.2 Completeness6.4.3 Operationality6.4.4 Non-redundancy6.4.5 Conciseness6.4.6 Practicability6.4.7 Which Desirable Properties of the

Design Specification are Most Important?Making a Design Specification6.5.1 A Procedure6.5.2 Checklists6.5.3 Operationalizing ObjectivesQuality Function Deployment6.6.1 Introduction

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ont nts

6.6.2 How does the QFD Method Work? 156References 159Further Reading 160Example I Design Specification: Plastic Radiator 161Example II Design Specification: Touring-car Seat 165Example III Quality Function Deployment: Attache

Case 172Synthesis: Thinking Up a Provisional Design 1777.1 Introduction 1777.2 Creativity Methods 177

7.2.1 Classification of Creativity Methods 1777.2.2 Three Components of Creativity 1787.2.3 The Application of Creativity Methods 1797.2.4 Free Choice of Methods 180

7.3 Association Methods 1817.3.1 Associations 1817.3.2 Brainstorming 1817.3.3 Variants of Brainstorming 185

7.4 Creative Confrontation Methods 1877.4.1 Analogies and Chance 1877.4.2 Synectics 1897.4.3 Simple Creative Confrontation Methods 193

7.5 Analytic-systematic Methods 1937.5.1 Introduction 1937.5.2 Function Analysis 1947.5.3 The Morphological Method 1997.5.4 Analysis of Interconnected Decision

Areas (AIDA) 210References 214Further Reading 216Example IV Brainstorming: Margarine Packaging 217Example V Creative Confrontation: Tube for a

Vacuum Cleaner 219Example VI Function Analysis: Beverage Vending

Machine 222Example VH Morphology: Rice Cultivation Tractor 227Example VHI Analysis of Interconnected Decision

Areas (AIDA): Pay Phone 232Simulation: Predicting the Properties of a Design 2358.1 What is Simulation? 235

8.1.1 Introduction 235


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8.1.28.1.38.1.4The Simulation ProcessBehaviourSimulation and Prediction

8.2 Models8.2.18.2.28.2.38.2.48.2.58.3 What8.3.18.3.28.3.38.3.48.3.58.3.68.3.7References

Example IXReferencesExample X

Classification of ModelsStructure ModelsIconic ModelsAnalogue ModelsMathematical Modelsis Simulated in Product Design?IntroductionTechnical SimulationSimulation of Product FormErgonomic SimulationBusiness Economic SimulationSocial and Ethical SimulationSimulation of Environmental Effects

Technical Simulation with a ScaleModel: QuadractorTechnical Simulation with a

236239240241241243243245246251251251256257259261262264266269

Mathematical Model: CouplingDeviceExample XI Design For Assem bly (DFA) -Simulating the Assembly Process:

269

Window CleanerReferencesExam ple XII Concept Testing - SimulatingConsumer Behaviour: Coffee-makerReferencesExam ple XIII A User s Trial - Simulating the ActualUsage of a New Product:Coffeecreamer Cup

ReferencesFurther ReadingEvaluation and Decision Making: What is the BestDesign?9.1 Introduction9.2 Multi-criteria Decisions9.2.1 W hat is a Decision?9.2.2 Design Decisions

274280280286

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9.2.3 Heuristic Decision Rules 2969.2.4 Decision M ethods 2979.3 Ordinal M ethods 2989.3.1 Introduction 2989.3.2 The Majority Rule 3009.3.3 The Copeland Rule 3019.3.4 The Rank-sum Rule 3019.3.5 The Lexicographical Rule 3029.3.6 The Datum Method 3029.3.7 New Product Profiles 3049.4 Cardinal M ethods 3069.4.1 The W eighted Objectives Method 3069.4.2 The Additive Value Function 3089.4.3 Measuring Effectiveness 3129.4.4 Estimating the W eighting Factors 3169.5 Sum mary and Final Rem arks 323References 327Further Read ing 329

Example XIV The Datum Method: Gyroscope 330Example XV New Produc t Profiles: Plastic Radiator 333Exam ple XVI The W eighted Objectives M ethod:Minibus 335Example XVII Hypothetical Alternatives: GardenChair 338

Part IV Case HistoriesIntroductionA Shoe Polish PackagingB Twin Sheet Forming: Tractor Cabin RoofC BiocarD BIBOBAuthor IndexSubject Index

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Product design, Fundamentals and Methods.pdf