Priprema i objavljivanje Priprema i objavljivanje rezultatarezultata

Preparing a scientific

result• So, you did a research, test you hypotheses, introduced new findings and get quality-checked amount of data – how to prepare them to be “user-friendly”?• Your conclusions should fully rely on the results achieved through a research and on the existing knowledge – do not change/delete/add the data without well-argued peer-reviewed arguments.• A great number of software (Excel, Primer, Grapher, Surfer, Statistica, Matlab, ...), but how to use to them to produce a reliable and readable result

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Vrste grafova

Različiti prikazi istog parametra

A great number of choices makes you nervous – you should select the

easiest-for-you method

Focus on Your Data!

Keep Graphics Clean and Simple

To Table or to Graph, that is the

questionTables

Exact comparisons between data points Excellent for presenting specific data

Bar/pie chartsShow dramatic comparisons differences not trendsmake comparisons in sizes, magnitudes, amounts

Line graphsDemonstrate movement, change, trendsEstimate v. a scale

• Don’t make graphs and tables complicated• The audience can’t read a graph with too much information• The audience can’t read a graph with lots of thin lines • The audience can’t read a graph with dotted, dashed, or other specialty lines unless they are very bold and thick.

Simple line drawings are often best

Putting your results on presentations

You should be careful on:

Text Layout

• Legible, large fonts• No underlining• Bold, color, italics• 6 lines, 6 words• Key points• Recommended fonts• Serif vs. Sans Serif

Colour

• Choose colors wisely• Stick to a theme• Darker backgrounds• Lighter text and graphics• Know your lighting conditions

Green on Red Red on Green

Brown on Green Green on Brown

Blue on Black Black on Blue

Blue on Purple Purple on Blue or Blue-green

Multicolors Multicolors

Bad examples

Za koga?• Prezentacije (usmene, posteri)

– Uglavnom u boji– Grafički kompleksne, atraktivne– Što više grafičkih prikaza, a što manje tablica– Namjenjeno širem krugu slušatelja

• Znanstveni radovi– CB&B (boja se najčešće plaća, on-line obično u boji)– Što jasnije sa čistim linijama, točno određeni format– Tablice bez horizontalnih linija

• Doktorat– Kombinacija crno-bijelog i u boji– Veća sloboda formata slika i tablica nego kod znanstvenog

rada– Bitna konzistentnost kroz cijeli rad– Velike tablice s podacima često se stavljaju u prilog

Presentation

Article

Presentation

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ArticlePresentation

ArticlePresentation

Ways of advertising and communicating a

scientific result

• informal communication• scientific conferences (oral and poster presentations)• peer-review article in a scientific journal• books, monographs, technical reports...• media reports (TV, radio, internet, newspapers, ...)• popular articles, public lectures• web pages

Informal communication

Ways of communication:• Discussion with the colleagues from the lab or employing institution• Direct communication with other researchers• Email communication• Newsgroups

Advantages:• Rapidity• Selectivity, sensibility to the personal demands• Interactivity (lecturer vs audience, discussions in “real-time”)• Honesty (personal opinions, wearing out your “dirty” clothes – negative, non-affirmative results)

Conference presentations

• They usually precede other ways of advertising• It is an excellent place for evaluation of your research, and for getting useful advices and critics which you can use to finalize your research• Better choice is highly-specialised small conferences and workshops (e.g. less than 100 people), as the audience is more “qualified” for the evaluation

Key Points• Know your audience

• What do they know? - What do they want to know?

• Figure out what they will learn and why they want to learn it• Be professional

- Organise yourself, your materials, and your time

A good talk can usually be split into five parts:1. Definition and motivation of the problem2. General theory3. Details4. Conclusions5. Question time

Peer-reviewed articles

• You will learn how to write them in the next lesson

Media reports

• Done by journalists (educated and non-educated)• Large journals and newspapers have proffesional science journalists – they inspect the scientific resources (journals, books, ...) and write popular articles• However, smaller newspapers do the same thing by “general” journalists – this may be a large problem – always ask for authorisation!• “Smart” journalists ask authors to write the basics, and they put that in the journal frame

Personal example

“Poslovni dnevnik” – journalist did a translation of a part of peer-reviewed article

“Jutarnji list” – journalist did a conversation to the author,

but the Editor put some nasty figures and headlines

Crackpot presenters

Crackpot is a person who promotes pseudoscience.

Web pagesIf you consider your work a good one, you can produce a web page with your results, and spread the URL address.

Popular articles, public

lectures• You can write a popular article (written for an ordinary people) in some weekly or montly magazine (e.g. Nautica, Hrvatske vode, Geo, Meridijani, ...) – different writing style, you should take advises of the journalists

• Public lectures or even press-conferences may be organised through some established science seminars (e.g. Festival znanosti, ...), non-governmental organisations or by yourself – the information about the lecture should be disseminate towards media, colleagues and researchers and wider audience.

And that’s all, folks!

Any questions ???Any questions ???