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Data from theNATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY
Prevalenceof Selected ImpairmentsUnitedStates -1977
Statistics on the prevalence of impairments involving vision,hearing, speech, paralysis, absence of extremities, and orthopedicconditions by type, impact, and etiology. Distributed by age, sex,color, family income, education of head of family, usual activitystatus, place of residence, geographic re@on, and associated chronicactivity limitation. Based on data collected in the National HealthInterview Survey during 1977.
DHHS Publication (PHS) 81-1562
Series 10Number 134
US. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health Service
Office of Health Research, Statistics, and TechnologyNational Center for Health StatisticsHyattsville, Md. February 1981
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Feller, Barbara A.Prevalence of selected impairments, United States. 1977.
(Vital and health statistics : Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey ; ~iJ, i :{4.)
(DHHS publication; no. (PHS) 81-1562)“Based on data collected in the health interview survey during 1977 .“Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.6209:10/1341. Physically handicapped-United States–Statistics. 2. United States–Statistics, Medi-
cal. 3. Health surveys-United States. I. Title. II. Series: United States. Naticnxtl Cuntcrfor Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics : Series 10, Data from the Natiomd 1-lv.tlthSurvey, Data from the health interview survey ; no. 134. III. Series: United States. Dept. (IiHealth and Human Services. DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1562. [DNLM: 1. H,lndi.capped—United States—Statistics. W2A N 148vj no. 134]RA407.3A346 no. 134 [HV3023.A3] 31.2’.0:)73sISBN 0-8406 -0194-8 [312’.3047] 80-607920
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS
DOROTHY P. RICE, Director
ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director
JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for Analysis and Epidemiology
GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System
GARRIE J. LOSEE, Acting Associate Director for Data Processing and Services
ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assktant Director for International Statistics
E. EARL BRYANT, Acting Associate Director for Interview and Examination Statistics
ROBERT C. HUBER, Acting Associate Director for Management
MONROE G. SIRKBN, Ph. D., Acting Associate Director for Research and Methodology
PETER L, HURLEY, Acting Associate Director for Vital and Health Care Statistics
ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer
DIVISION OF HEALTH INTERVIEW STATISTICS
ROBERT R. FUCHSBERG, Director
VACANT, .llhzess and Disability Statistics Branch
ROBERT A. WRIGHT, Chiej Utilization and Expenditure Statistics Branch
CLINTON E. BURNHAM, Chief Survey Planning and Development Branch
NELMA B. KEEN, ChieJ Computer Systems and Programming Branch
COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Under the legislation establishing the National Health Survey, the Public Health Service isauthorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or facilities of other Federal, Stite, or privateagencies.
In accordance with specifications established by the Division of Health Interview Statistics,the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual arrangement, participated in planning the surveyand collecting the data.
Vital and Health Statistics-Series IO-NO. 134
DHHS Publication No, (PHS) 81-1562Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 80-607920
CONTENTS
Introduction .................................................................................................... .......... ..............................
Mghfights ...................................................... ...................................... ...... ..............................................
Source and Limitations of the Data ...................... ...... .................... .. .......................................................
Organization of Report ........................................................................................................................ ...
Prevalence of Impairments ...................................................................................... ................................
Incidence of Impairments ........................................................................................................................
Variations in the Prevalence, Etiology, and Impact of Selected Impairments ..........................................Visual Imp&merits ............................................................................................................................Hearing Impairments ..........................................................................................................................Speech Imptimenfi ...........................................................................................................................Paralysis ........................... ..................... .............................................................................................Missing Extremities ...................................................................... ......................................................Nonparalytic Orthopedic Imp&merits ...............................................................................................
Changes inthe Prevalence Rate of Selected Imptirrnents: 1971~d1977 ..............................................
References .............................................. .................................................................................................
List of Detailed Tables ............................................................................................................................
AppendixesL Technical Notes on Mefiods ....................... ........ ................................................ ........................IL Definitions of Certh Terns Usedin TMs Report .......................................................... .... ........IH. Questions Used To Obtain Information About Impairments .......................................................
1.
A.
B.
co
D.
E.
LIST OF TEXT FIGURES
Rate of selected impairments per 1,000 persons, by type of impairment and age: United States,1977 ...............................................................................................................................................
LIST OF TEXT TABLES
Number and rate per 1,000 persons of selected impairments reported in health interviews:United States, 1977 and 1971 ....................................................................................................... ..
Prevalence and incidence in past 12 months of selected impairments reported in health interviewssmd percent incidence is of prevalence: United States, 1977 ....................................... ...................
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of visual impairments reported inhealth interviews by type of impairment: United States, 1977 and 1971 ................ .......................
Number and rate per 1,000 persons of selected eye diseases reported in health interviews, by
ICDA code: United States, 1977 ....................................................................................................
Number, rate per 1,000 persons, and percent distribution of visual impairments reported inhealth interviews, by etiology: United States, 1977 .................................................................... ...
1
1
2
2
3
6
778
11131417
19
20
21
364558
4
3
6.
8
8
9
...Ill
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
o.
P.
Q.
R.
s.
T.
Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews, number per 1,000 persons,percent of conditions by measures of impact, and disability days in past year:l-hited States, 1977..
Number of selected impairments reported in herdth interviews and percent distribution ofimpairments by frequency of bed-disability days in past year for the condition, according to typeof impairment: United States, 1977 ... ... .. ... .... . ... .. .. .... . ... .. ... .. ..... .. . . .. .. .... .. .. .. . ... .. .... . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... ..
Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews -and percent distribution ofimpairments by frequency of physician visits in past year for the condition, according to type ofimpairment: United States, 1977 ... .. . .... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... . ... . .. ... .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ..... . .. ... ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .... .. ... ...
Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews and percent distribution ofimpairments by frequency of bother caused by condition, according to type of impairment:United States, 1977 .... .. . ... .. .. .. . .... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .... .. ... . .... .. ... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... ...
Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews and percent distribution ofimpairments by degree person was bothered by condition, according to type of impairment:United States, 1977 . .... .. .... . . .... ... . ... ... .. ... ... .. .. .... . ... .. .... . .. .... ... .. .. .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... . ... ... ... .. .... . ... ... ..
Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews as causing bother and percentdistribution of degree person was bothered by condition, according to type of impairment:United States, 1977 .. .... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .... .. ... . ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of hearing impairments reported inhealth interviews, by type of impairment: United States, 1977 and 1971 ... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of speech impairments reported inhealth interviews, by type of impairment, and of cleft palate or harelip: United States, 1977 and1971 . .. .. ... . .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... .. .. .. ... .. . ... .. ... ... ...... ...............
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of eases of paralysis, complete orpartial, reported in health interviews by type of impairment: United States, 1977 and 1971 .. ... . ...
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of cases of complete or partial paralysisreported in health interviews, by etiology: United States, 1977 .. .. .. ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. . ... .. .... .. .. ... .. .... ... . ...
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of cases of absence of extremitiesreported in health interviews, by type of impairment: United States, 1977 and 1971 . ... ... .... .. .. ... ..
Number, percent dktribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of cases of absence of extremitiesreported in health interviews, by etiology: United States, 1977 .... .. ... ... .. .. . .. ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of nonparalytic orthopedic impair-ments (except absence) reported in health interviews, by type of impairment: United States,1977 and 1971 ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. ... ... . ... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ...o. ....e... .. ... .. .. .. .. .... ..o. .. .. .. .... .. ... ....
Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of nonparslytic orthopedic impair-ments (except absence) reported in health interviews, by type of impairment and etiology:United States, 1977 ... . .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . .. .. ... ... .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. . ... .. .... . .. ... . ... .. .... .. .... .. ... .... . .. .
SYMBOLS
Data not available ---------------------------------- ---
Category not applicable --------------------- . . .
Quantity zero---— ------- —--—. -—
Quantity more than O but less than 0.05-— 0.0
Figure does not meet standards of
reliability or precision (more than
30 percent relative standard error)-—— *
9
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
PREVALENCE OF SELECTED IMPAIRMENTS
Barbara A. Feller, M.A., Division of Health Interview Statistics
INTRODUCTION
During 1977 data on selected impairmentsamong the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalizedpopulation were collected in the National HealthInterview Survey. This report describes theprevalence and impact of visual and hearingimpairments, speech impairments, paralysis,absence of major and minor extremities, andfour types of nonparalytic orthopedic impair-ments. Detailed tables show the number and rateper 1,000 persons for each type of impairmentby selected sociodemographic characteristics in-cluding age, sex, color, family income, educationof head of family, place of residence, andgeographic region. The impact of these types ofimpairments, as indicated by chronic activitylimitation, the number of bed and restricted-activity days, frequency and degree of bother,
and the frequency of physician visits, is summa-rized in the text.
HIGHLIGHTS
● During 1977, an estimated 11.4 millionpersons had visual impairments. About1.4 million of these persons includedthose with either an inability to seenewsprint with corrective lenses or withno useful vision in one or both eyes. Theprevalence rates tended to be highest’ forpersons 65 years of age and over for both
a~n this report the determination of statisticalsignificance for comparisons is based on the t-test with acritical value of * 1.96 (0.05 level of significance). Termsrelating to differences, such as “higher than” and “lessthan” indicate that the differences are statistically
severe and other less severe visual impair-ments.
Cataracts and glaucoma caused approxi-mately one-half of the severe visual im-pairments and more than one-third ofother less severe visual impairments. Cata-racts alone accounted for more thanone-third of the severe visual impairmentsand more than one-fourth of the otherless severe visual impairments.
It is estimated that there were 16.2million hearing impairments (includingtinnitus), about half of which involvedboth ears. In general, the rate of hearingimpairments was highest for persons 65years of age and over and was higher formales than for females.
It is estimated that there were about 2million speech impairments in 1977, or arate of 9.4 per 1,000 persons. The rate ofspeech impairments was relatwely higherfor males than for females and lower forwhite persons than for all other persons.
Approximately 1.5 million persons hadcomplete or partial paralysis, representinga rate of 7.2 impairments per 1,000persons. Complete or partial paralysis wasproportionately most prevalent amongpersons 65 years of age and over.
Comdete ~aralvsis of the extremities andtrun~ acc&nt~d for almost one-half of
significant. Terms such as “no clifference” and “similar”indicate that the difference between the statistics beingcompared is not statistically significant. Lack of com-ment regarding the difference does not mean that thedifference was tested and found to be not significant.
1
●
●
the persons paralyzed. Slightly over one-half of those paralyzed had cerebral palsyor partial paralysis of the extremities ortrunk.
About 358,000 persons! had major ex-tremities missing; 1.9 million had minorextremities missing. These figures repre-sent rates per 1,000 persons of 1.7 and8.8, respectively. Rates of missing majorextremities rose with age and were rela-tively higher for males than females.Injury accounted for most of the missingextremities.
There were approximately 9 million non-paralytic orthopedic impairments of theback or spine, 7 million of the lowerextremity or hip, 2.5 million of the upperextremity of shoulder, and 1 millionmultiple or other nonparalytic orthopedicimpairments of the limbs, back, or trunk.
SOURCE AND LIMITATIONS OFTHE DATA
The information presented in this report isbased on data collected in the National HealthInterview Survey (NHIS), a continuing nation-wide sample survey conducted by householdinterview. Each week a probability sample ofhouseholds is interviewed by trained personnelof the U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtaininformation about the health and other charac-teristics of each member of the household in thecivilian noninstitutionalized population of theUnited States.
During the 52 weeks in 1977, the samplewas composed of approximately 41,000 house-holds including about 111,000 persons living atthe time of the interview. The total non-interview rate was approximately 3.3 percent,1.9 percent of which was due to respondentrefusal and the remainder due to the inability tofind an eligible respondent at home after re-peated calls.
The population figures used in computingannual rates shown in this report appear in table13.
A detailed description of the design of thesurvey, the methods used in estimation, and the
general qualifications of the data obtained fromthis survey is presented in appendix I. Becausethe estimates shown in this report are based on asample of the population, they are subject tosampling error. Therefore, particular attentionshould be paid to the section entitled “Reli-ability of Estimates “ in appendix L Samplingerrors for most of the estimates are of relativelylow magnitude. However, where an estimatednumber, a numerator, or a denominator of a rateor percentage is small, the sampling error may behigh. Charts of relative sampling errors andinstructions for their use are also shown inappendix I.
In addition to sampling errors, the estimatesshown in this report were also subject to avariety of nonsampling errors. For example,although numerous techniques and checks wereused in data collection, coding, and editing tokeep nonsampling errors at a minimum,methodological studies have identified im-portant effects that underreporting and othernonsampling errors in health interview surveyscan have on conditions in general and on chronicconditions in particular (Vital Health and Sta-tistics reports Series 1, No. 11 and Series 2, Nos.7, 23, 52, 54, 57, and 69).1-7 The compre-hensiveness and accuracy of the data are de-pendent on respondent awareness of, knowledgeof, and willingness to report the condition aswell as whether or not the condition had someimpact on the person. Conditions that areundiagnosed, for example, those that people areunaware of or unwilling to report are notincluded in the estimates based on householdinterview data.
Definitions of certain terms used in thisreport are provided in appendix II.
Organization of Report
The remainder of this report is organizedinto four main sections. Section one discussesthe conceptualization and measurement of theprevalence of impairments in the 1977 NHIS.Section two describes the proportion of selected ,types of impairments that had their onset in theyear prior to the interview. Section threepresents data describing variations in the preva-lence, etiology, and impact of 10 selected typesof impairments. Finally, section four highlights
2
the extent to which changes have occurred inthe prevalence of thesebetween 1971 and 1977.
PREVALENCE OF
s~lected impairments
IMPAIRMENTS
Although the term “prevalence” sometimesmfcrs to the number of some item at a givenpoint (i.e., point prevalence), in the NHIS,prevalence is usually the average number ofsome condition during a specified interval (i.e.,period prevalence). The latter definition is usedin this report.
Although the term “impairment” does nothave a definitive medical meaning, it refers hereto chronic or permanent defects resulting fromdisease, injury, or congenital malformation. Thefunctional aspect of the impairment is stressed;the conditions referred to as impairments resultin w decrease in or loss of ability to performvarious functions, especially those of the mus-culoskeletal system and sense organs (e.g.,vision, hearing),
The unit of analysis in this report is animpairmcn t rather than an impaired person.Nevertheless, within each of the impairment
groups (except specified deformities of limbs,trunk, or back), the prevalence estimate can beconsidered as a count of persons with that typeof impairment. A summation of each type ofselected impairment will only provide an esti-mate of the extent to which those 10 types of. .selected imm.irments are Prevalent in the Popu-
lation. Sinc~ a person m~y have more th& &etype of impairment, an estimate of the totalnumber of selected impairments based on the 10categories of impairments in this report shouldnot be interpreted as an estimate of the numberof persons with 1 or more of these 10 selectedimp airments.
In addition, the 10 types of impairmentsdescribed in this report were not the only onesreported in the interview. Other types of re-ported impairments were excluded from thisreport because they were considered to beunreliably reported in the household interviews.
The main source for obtaining a report ofimpairments included in this report was question32. A copy of the portions of the 1977 NHISsurvey instrument pertinent to material pre-sented in this report is provided in appendix III.A facsimile of the complete survey instrument isavailable in Series 10, No. 126.8
Table A. Number and rate per 1,000 parsons of selectad impairments reported in health interviews: United States, 1977 and 1971
Impairment and impairment codel
Visual impairments ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. . ... ... ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ... ... .... . . .... .. .... ... .. ... .. . XOO-X05Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) . .... ... .. . ... .. ... .. .... . . .... .... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... ... .. ... . X06-X09Speech impairments ,,, ,, ... .. ... .. ... ... ... . .... . .. ... . . .... . ..... . .... ... . .. .. ... . .... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . Xlo,xllAbsance of major extremities ... .. .. .. . ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... .. ... .. .. ... ... X20-X24, X26-X30, X32, X33
Absence of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only ,..,,,.,.,,..,0,!,. ......................................!.X25, X31 , X34
Paralysis, complate or partial .. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . X40-X69Impairments (except paralysis) of back or spine .. .. . ... .. .... . ... ... . ... . .. .. . ... .. . X70-X72, X80, X81.XImpairments (except paralysis or absence) of upper extremity
or shoulder ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... . ... ... ... .. .. ... ... .. . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... . .... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. . ... ...x73. x74, x86-x88Impairments (except paralysis or absence) of lower extremity
or hip ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... . ... ... X75.X77. X82-X85Impairments (except paralysis or absence), other and multiple,
NEC, and ill-defined, of limbs, back, or trunk ... .... .. .. .. .. .. . ... ... . .... . ... ... . .... .. .. ....X78. X79, X89
ElzENumber inthou
11,41516,219
1,995358
1,867
1,5329,365
2,500
7,147
1,213
mds
9,59614,491
1,934274
3858
1,3928,018
2,440
7,387
1,034
1977* I 19712
Rate per1,000 persons
53.876.4
9.4
~8
7.244.1
11.8
33.7
5.7
47.471.6
9.61.4
34.2
6.939.6
12.1
36.6
5.1
1A ~omP1ete listing of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendii 11.*population (in thousands) used in computation of rates for 1977 and 1971 was 212,153 and 202,360, respectively.3BecalI~e of an error in coding the absence of finger(s) or toe(s), underestimation of perhaps 900,000 occurred in this categOrY
(National Center for Health Statistics: Prevalence of selected impairments: United States, 1971, by C. Wdder. Vital and Health Statistics.series 10.No. 99. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 75-1526. Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,May 1975. p. 4).
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
3
m
2s0
260
240
zm
m
1s0
160
140
lm
100
80
60
40
20
220
~.r: f.-
::’,,:’:,-:.,/,.-: :.?;,\ :,, \--,, ,-,.:.-, : ‘,,.:.(,.L-’-’. \ ‘,’.,: .,,,
.,.;.l-;r’.-,;~~.’,’;,-.*l-., ,-, .1,>; -,1. ;;’-’,.L,.’:; ;’ .. ..i-zj’ F\ :i,.,(;
.. /:,,/i
68.. ;.’,:\ J+, ?,;;..,,,--/..; ;., :’;,>~-.;l
:,’,$:, .33 ;<;.::,; ,
;; ;:;, f
,’-.-/ ,.,711 ., -.,,; .
i <,1-,:,</r:/j ,<~;
o I ,.!. -.-,*
WJ
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
m Under 17 years
n17-44 years
Under 45 years
45-64 years
m65 yearsand over
293
120
100
80
80
40
20
0L40
14 r
.: !>.~,: ,;~,; _-
.;; ~:-’.,1-.,,.. .,j;!;!.., ~,-, ;,-,
:-; :.:”1K..,;,:,:,-.,/.,:,.-.,::,,;.::; !i:-:’”’;,,, .,.,
‘ <I’.::;.!-,, .,.-!--- ,-,,., ,1, .
.,, , .,.
‘L-.,; .;., - .,-,..! ‘.; ‘.l,-,, .!..
,, -,-,
; .,,’;.;>,-, -, ,.,-..:,:1 .,,,,. ,.. . . .,-, \ ,
124 , .-.-1.:,
Hearingimpairments (includestinnitusl
? 20 15< 6 7 10c
no
Speechimpairments
Figure 1. Rate of selected impairments per 1,000 persons, by type of impairment and age: United States, 1977
m Under 17 years
u 17-44,WS
Under 45 years
m45-64 years
m65 years and aver
100 r
Impairments (except paralysis or absence),other and multiple, not elsewhere classified,
and lll.de fined, of limbs, beck, or trunk
Absence of major extremity
Absence of entire finger(s) or (tc+(s)
lW
60
60
4026
202 4
0
Paralysis,mmplete or partial
100
60 69 67
60
40
205
0
Impairmems [except paralysis) of back orspi.e
100 r80
60
‘iO1 29
1920
2
0
lm~airments (except paralysis or absence) of
uPPBrextremiW or shoulder
100
80 [ 73
6044
40
1920
0
Impairments (except paralysis or absence)oflower extremity or hip
Figure 1. Rate of selected impairments per 1,000 persons, by type of impairment and age: United States, 1977–Con.
5
Information on impairments was coded byusing a special classification scheme, developed
by the U.S. Public Health Service, which groupsimpairments according to the type of functionalimpairment and etiology (cause). (See appendixII.)
Table A presents the number and rate per1,000 persons for each type of impairment.Figure 1 shows the rate of impairments per1,000 persons by type of impairment and age.
The estimates of selected impairmentsshown in table A and in figure 1 are for thecivilian noninstitutionalized population. Forthat reason, anyone wishing to use these data asa basis for estimating the prevalence of theseimpairments in the U.S. resident populationshould be cautioned that persons confined toinstitutions are not included in the estimatesshown in this report. For example, personsconfined to nursing homes have a high preva-lence of chronic conditions (see “The NationalNursing Home Survey: 1977 Summary for theUnited States’’).g
INCIDENCE OF IMPAIRMENTS
The incidence of a condition or impairmentrefers to the number of conditions or impair-
ments having their onset during a specifiedperiod. In this report, the term “incidence”includes all impairments that had their onsetwithin the year prior to the week of theinterview. The term “onset” refers to when thecondition was first noticed, which could bebefore or after a physician has diagnosed amedically attended condition or impairment.Table B presents data on the number of impair-ments reported to have had their onset withinthe year prior to the week of interview for eachof the 10 types of impairments discussed in thisreport and indicates the percent that the inci-dence of these impairments was of their preva-lence in 1977.
In examining this information, however, it isimportant to note that these data may under-estimate the incidence of impairments during1977 to the extent that estimates of periodprevalence exclude those cases associated withmortality or institutionalization.
In the context of that quzdification, the datain table B appear to show that incidence as apercent of prevalence ranged from approxi-mately 6 percent (for severe visual, hearing, andspeech impairments, and absence of minor ex-tremities) to 12 percent (for nonparalytic ortho-pedic impairments of the upper extremity or
Table B. Prevalence end incidencel in past 12 months of selected impairments reported in health interviews and percent incidence is of
prevalence: United States, 1977
I
Impairment and impairment code2
Visual impairments ..... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... . ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ... ..... .. .. .. .... . . .... .. .. . . .. .. .. .... . .. . XOO-X05
Sevare visual impairments .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... . ... ... .. .. . .. ... .. .... .... . . .. .. ... .. ..XOOOther visual impairments ..... .. . ... .... .. .. ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... XOI-X05
Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) ..... . .. .. .... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. . .. .. .. .. ... .... . .. .. .. .. . X06-X09
Speech impairments ..... .. .. .... . ... .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . Xlo, xl 1Paralysis, complete or partial .. .. .. . ... .. .... .. ... . .... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .... . . .. ... . .... . ... X40-X69Absence of major extremities ... .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ..... . .. ... .. ... .. .. X20-X24. X26-X30, X32, X33
Upper only .. ... ... ... . .... .. . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .... . ... ... .. ... . .. ... . .... .. ... .. ... . .... .. ... .. ... .. .... . ... . X20-X24Lower only ... .. .. . ... .. .. .. . ... .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... . . ... .... ... . .... . ... .. ... .. .... .. .. . X26-X30
Absence of antira finger(s) or toe(s) only ... . ..... .. ... . ... . .. .. ... ... .. .... . .... . .. ...X25. X31, X34Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of:
Back or spine ... .. .. .. . ... . ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ... X7O.X72. x80, x81Upper extremity or shoulder .... .. .. ... .. .. ... .... .. .... .. ... . .... .. ... . ... ... .. X73. x74, x86-x88Lower extremity or hip ... .. .. ... ... . .... . .... .. .... . ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... . X75-X77, X78, X82-X85Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-defined,
of limbs, back, or trunk . .. .. .. .. .. ..... . ... . .. .. ... .. .. .. .... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ...X78. x79, X89
Prevalencein
thousands
11,4151,391
10,02416,219
1,9951,532
35891
2641,867
9,3652,5007,147
1,213
88485
798900113151*22
*22106
792304684
146
7.76.18.05.55.79,9
*6.1
*8.35.7
8.512.2
9.6
12.0
l~ncidence is defined as the estimated number of conditions having their onset in a specified time period, in this case, within 12months of the week of the interview. Onset of a condition is defined as the time when the condition is first noticed.
2A ~omplete li5ting of impahment X-Codes is presented in appendix II.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
6
shoulder and multiple and other nonparaIyticorthopedic impairments of the limbs, back, or
trunk),
VARIATIONS IN THE PREVALENCE,ETIOLOGY, AND IMPACT OF
SELECTED IMPAIRMENTS
Detailed tables 1-12 show the number andrate per 1,000 persons of 10 selected impair-ments by age, sex, CO1OZ-,family income, educa-tion of head of family, place of residence, andgeographic region. Tables A-T present informa-tion on the prevalence, impact, and (whenavailable) etiology of these 10 impairments.Major aspects of these tables are highlightedbelow for each of the 10 selected impairments.
Visual Impairmentsb
During 1977, an estimated 11.4 millionpersons had visual impairments, representing arate of about 54 per 1,000 persons.c About 1.4
million of these persons included those witheither an inability to see newsprint with correc-tive lenses or with no useful vision in one orboth eyes (table C).d Overall, the rate of visualimpairments rose with age (tables 2 and 3).Table D presents data on the prevalence ofcataracts, glaucoma, color blindness, and detach-ment of the retina according to their ICDAclassification,d
bSee appendix II for the X-Code classification ofvisual impairments.
c Estimates of the number of visual impairments werebased on responses to 6 items on the impairmentchecklist (question 32). Persons were asked whetherthey or anyone in the household had blindness in one orboth eyes, had any other trouble seeing with one or botheyes when wearing glasses and/or contact lenses, or hadcataracts, glaucoma, color blindness, and/or detachmentof the retina or any other condition of the retina.Absence of one or both eyes is classified as “blindness inone or both eyes. ”
dAd&tional information about visual impairmentswas obtained from question 3, section Al, and questionlOa, section A3, on the condition page. Question 10aasks whether --- can see (with glasses, contact lenses) wellenough to read ordinary newspaper print with his (left,right) eye. This question was used to classify personsaccording to the severity of the visual impairment. The
severe visual impairment category was used if theresponse to the question was “no” for both eyes, or ifthere was a report that the person had no useful vision ineither eye or was stated to be blind in both eyes. The
Etiology. –Impairments are coded by type,site, and etiology (cause). A list of the 12etiology codes used for visual impairments is
presented in appendix ll.e Cataracts, cataractswith glaucoma, and glaucomaf combined causedabout one-half of the severe visual impairmentsand more than one-third of the other less severeones (table E). Cataracts alone accounted forabout ‘one-thir”d of severe visual impairments andapproximately one-fourth of the other lesssevere visual impairments. The other eye diseaseor any infection of the eye category causedalmost one-third of the less severe visual impair-ments.
Impact. –Severe visual impairments have asubstantial impact on people’s lives; 37 percentcaused limitation of activity. Severe visual im-pairments also averaged about 23 restricted-activity days per condition per year (table F) .g
classification of severe visual impairment was assigned topersons under 6 years of age on the basis of a proxy
response of “blind in both eyes” or words to that effectindicating no useful vision in both eyes. Visual impair-
ments were classified as “other less severe” on the basisof information reported on the condition page inquestions 3 and 10a. To ensure comparability thequestions on functional vision loss (lOb-1 Og in sectionA3 of the condition page) were not used in coding visualimpairments because prior to 1971 the functionalquestions did not appear on the questionnaire every year
that impairment data were collected.
Cataracts, glaucoma, retinal conditions, and colorblindness were double-coded by using X-Codes andICDA codes.
Persons with refractive errors (nearsighted, far-sighted, etc. ), allergy or migraine causing some tisionproblem, strabismus, corneal opacity, or ulcer were notcoded as visually impaired unless they also reportedvisual impairment (s) from some other cause (s).
eBecause only one etiology code was assigned toeach condition and it is possible for a person to havemuItipIe causes of an impairment, priority ruIes wereestablished and applied to select the primary etiology(appendix II).
fWhen cataracts and glaucoma due to diabetes areincluded (vision etiology code .5), the estimate is slightlyincreased (table E).
gAlthough color blindness was assigned a visual
impairment code (X05 ) and is included in prevalenceestimates, persons with only color blindness were notasked the function vision loss questions or any of thequestions regarding impact of conditions. Therefore, for
visual impairments (tables F-L), color blindness was
included in unknowns. Thus, the percent of unknownsfor visual impairments is higher than is usual in NHISdata.
7
“Table C. Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of visual impairments raported in health interviews, by type ofimpairment: United Statas, 1977 and 1971
Typa of impairment and impairment codel
Total visual impairments ........................... XOO-X05
Severe visual impairment ...................................................XOOBlind in one aye, other eye defactive
but not blind ................................................... ...............XOlBlind in one aye, other eya good or
not mentioned ........ .......................... .............................XO2Visual impairment, NEC, in both ayas ..............................X03Impairment of vision except as in
XOO-X03 (color blindness included ).............................. .X05
1977 1971
Number PercentRate
Number PercantRate
in distri -par
in distri-per
thousands bution1,000
thousands bution1,000
persons2 persons2
11,415 100.0 53.8 9,596 100.0 47,4
1,391 12.2 6.6 1,306 13.6 6,5
168 1.5 0.8 409 4.3 2.0
3,202 28.1 15.1 2,604 27.1 12.91,154 10.1 5.4 2,082 21.7 10.3
5,500 48.2 25.9 3,195 33.3 15.8
1A complete fisting of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendix 11.2’population @ thou5and5) ~~ed in ~omputationof rates for 1977 and 1971 Was 212,1 ‘s3 and 202360, respectively.
NOTES: NEC = not elsewhere classified.Differences between 1971 and 1977 may be due to change in questionnaire design and differences in interpretation of coding
instructions.
Table D. Number and rate per 1,000 persons of selected eyedisaases reported in health interviews, by I CDA code:Unitad States, 1977
I INumber Rata per
Eye disease and ICDA codal in 1,000thousands persons
I I
Cataract .. .... . .. .. . .... .. ... .. . .... 374,744.3 3,809 18.0Glaucoma .. .. ... .. ... ... ... . .... .. 375, 744.2 1,216 5.7Datached retina .... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .... . . 376 163 0.8Color blindness .... ... . .... .. .. . ... .. .. . 377.3 2,073 9.8
lBa5ed on Eighth Rer&”on International Classifican”cwrofDiseases, Adapted for Use in the United States (lCDA).
Because of the high percent of unknowns forother less severe visual impairments (probablydue to the inclusion of color blindness as notedin footnote g), statements on impact are notmade here. The data are, however, presented intables F-L.
Hearing Impairments
The estimated number of hearing impair-ments (includes tinnitus) was 16.2 million, a rateof 76.4 hearing impairments per 1,000 persons.
hHearing impairments were reported during thehealth interview in response to the question of whetherany member of the family had deafness in one or bothears, any other trouble hearingwith one or both ears, or
Approximately one-half of the hearing impair-ments involved only one ear (table M).
Overall, the 1977 rate of hearing impair-ments increased with age and ranged from 14.3per 1,000 for persons under 17 years of age to385.5 per 1,000 for persons 75 years of age andover (table 4). In each age category males had ahigher prevalence of hearing impairments thanfemales did. Among age categories in the popula-tion 17 years of age and over, hearing impair-ments were relatively more prevalent amongwhite persons than they were among all otherpe~sons. Generally, the rate of hearing impair-ments decreased with increased family income,but this pattern was not completely consistentwithin each age category.
Etiology .-Although data on the etiology ofhearing impairments were collected in 1977,
tinnitua or ringing in the ears (question 32, items A, B,
c).Functional hearing loss questions (l-3) are in the
1977 HIS Hearing Supplement. Questions on functionalhearing loss (based on Gallaudet Hearing Scale) wereasked of persons 3 years of age and over who reportedany kind of hearing problem except tinnitus only. Theseare the subject of a separate report now in preparation,There is a net difference of almost 2 million between theestimate of 16,219,000 hearing impairments presentedin this report (which includes tinnitus) and of14,240,000 hearing impairments for persons 3 years ofage and over based on the functional hearing loss scalequestions.
8
Tablo E. Number, rate per 1,000 persons, and percent distribution of visual impairments reported in health interviews, by etiology: United States, 1977
All visual impairments Severe visual impairments Other visual impairments
IFPercent Number
distri- inbution thousands
100.0 1,391
28.7 495
2.5 747.8 98
28.7 128
I.8 640.6 ● 29
Percent
di3tri-buticm
Etiology and codel Numbrin
thousands
10,024
Rate par
1,000persons
Percant
distri-bution
Rata per1,000
pereons
Rate per1,000
personsin
All causes of visual impalr-
( 1-.9, .x,.Y,.0)meats .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 6.6 100.0 47.2
13.11.03.7
14.9
0.70.2
0.30.2
4.1
1.72.1
5.3
100.0
27.72.17.9
31.5
1.40.3
0.70.4
8.7
3.54.5
11.2
11,415
3,2742s4889
3,281
20465
97
9%
383586
1,368
53.8
15.41.34.2
15.5
1.00.3
0.50.2
4.4
1.82.8
6.4
2.30.30.5
0.6
0.3“0.1
‘0.1“0.0
0.3
‘0.10.8
1.2
35.6
5.37.0
9.2
4.6
●2.1
●1.9“0.4
4.5
+2.29.4
17.8
2,779210792
3,153
14035
7142
876
352455
1,119——
Cataract ... . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. .(.1)Cataract with glaucoma ... . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . . (.2)Glaucoma, any origin . . .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. (.3)
Other eye disease (any infectionof eyek ... . .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . ..o.. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . ..(.4)
Dlabates (with cataract or glaucoma) .. .. .. .. . . . .Disemas of artaries N EC .. . . .. . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . . .. ..(.6)
Carabrovaacular disease (stroke) (withwteriosclarosis) (with
hypertension) .. . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. (.7)NaWlasm ... . . .. .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . (.8)
Accidant or injury axcept at birth .. . .. . . ... . . . . . . (.9)Cunganital origin (NEC) or birth
injuw .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . . (.X)Condhions notin.0-.90r .X2 .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . (.Y)Unknown or unspecified origin .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . . (.0) 10.8 “ 26
0.4 ●5
8.2 62
3.4 “305.1 131
12.0 248
1Acomplete listing of etiohrgy codes ia presented in appendix ll.
‘Includes noncongenital, nontraumatic, hereditary, old age, not otherwise specified.
NOTE: NEC=not elmwhere classified.
Table F. Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews, number per 1,000 persons, percent of conditions by measures of impact, anddisability daysin pastyear: United States, 1977
Prevalenm Percent of conditions
Bed
daysper
dis-ablingcOndi-tion 1
41.3
103.125.910.4
●73.9133.4
. . .4 . . .4 -..
4 .-.
26.237.867.3
72.3
w~~k::loss
days
per
cOndi-tionper
Warp
8ed
daysper
:Ondi -tionperyear
1.3
5.5
0.8‘0.2
‘1.320.9
. . .-...-.
. . .
4:52.24.3
15.5
With 1
bed day
or more
inpastyear
33.3
35.3
33.01.8
+1.73:5.7
. . .4 .-.4 . . .
4 . . .
317.335.938.4
321.4
With 1
physicianvisit
or morein past
year
Restrictedactivity
d3ys perconditionper year
Causinglimita-
tionof
activity
13.1
37.09.84.78.3
58.4
65.948.4
71.2
4.8
25.521.428.6
54.8
Withdoctor
ever3sen
390.9
393.9
380.572.361.2
3:7.8
. . .4 . . .4 . . .
4 .-.
389.43s8.9386.5
386.1
Number
in
thou-eands
Number
per
1,000psrsons
53.8
6.647.276.4
9.47.2
1.70.4
1.2
8.8
44.111.833.7
5.7
Impairment
343.4
347.5342.8
25.921.9
3:6.3
. . .4 . . .4 -..
4 . . .
337.9325.1324.8
344.9
11,4151,391
10,02416,219
1,9851,532
35891
264
1,867
8,3652,5007,747
1,213
6.8
23.14.50.73.8
45.6
32.8
“7.941.8
5.2
17,712.618.8
46.7
‘0.3
‘0.3●0.1+1.3●9.24 . . .4 ---4 ---
4 . . .
3.13.13.0
●5.7
Visual Impairments .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . .Savare visual impairments ... . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .
Other visual impairments .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .
Haaring impairments (includes tinnitus) . . .. . .. . .Spaach impairmmts ... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . ..Paralyais, completa or partial .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . .. .
Absanc@ of major extremities .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .
Uppar only . . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . ..o. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . .. . . .
Lowar only . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . ..Absenca of entire finger(s) or toe(s)
only .. . . . .. ..i . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . ..Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis
or absenca) of:
Back or spine .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . . ..Upper extremity or shoulder . ... . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . ..Lowar extremity or hip .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-
de finad, of limbs, back, or trunk ... . .. . . . . ..
lFimra - obtained bv dividing the ~nuaI VCII”me of “&d daya (used in computing the previous column) by the number Of PersOns with the cOn~tOn whO
rep rt;d 1 beddayormor~ in the y&r.2Work-lose days per condition per year were computed for the currently employed population only.3For these impact “wiable~ for visual impairments, paralysis, and the 4 types of nonparalytic orthopedic imPai~ent. the number ‘f ‘nbo-s’s ‘gher
tha iauwalfor National Health Intea’view Survey data.a Impact questions were not asked in the case of missing extremities.
NOTE: NEC=nut elsewhere classified.
9
Table G. Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews and percent distribution of impairments by frequency ofbed-disatility days inpastyaar forthecondition, according totype of impairment: United States, 1977
Visual impairments ............................ .............o.......... .. ....o.............Severe visual impairments ................ .................... .....................Other visual impairments .............................. ............................
Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) ................................ .........Speech impairments .................... ...................................................Paralysis, complete or partial .........................................................Absence of major extremities ....... .. ................................ ................
Upper only ...................................... ................................ ..........Lower only ....................................................................... ........
Absence of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only ............................. ..........Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of:
Back or spine ............................................................................Upper extremity or shoulder ...... ................................ ...............Lower extremity or hip .............................................................Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-defined, of limbs,
back, or trunk ........................................................................
Numberin
thousands
11,4151,391
10,02416,219
1,9951,532
35891
2641,867
9,3652,5007,147
1,213
Bed-disability days in past year for the condition
Total None 1-7 8-3031 or Unknownmore if any
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.01p.o
. . .2 . . .2 -..2 . . .
100.0100.0100.0
100,0
77.189.975.396.991.6$8.0
. . .2 . . .2 .-.2 . . .
75.478.769.0
58.0
2.22.82.21.2
*0.74.0
2. . .2 . . .2 ---2 .-.
10.23.42.7
9.4
0.61.30.50.30.63.7
2 . . .2 . . .2 . . .2 . . .
5.11.82.3
7.9
0.41.20.3
*0. I0.4
27,9. . .
2. . .2 . . .2 . . .
2.0*0.6
1.4
4.2
119.6
14.8121.7
1.56.7
126.42. . .2 . . .2 .-.2 . . .
17.3115.4124.6
120.4
lFor “i~ual imPa~ment~, ~aralysi~, and the 4 types of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments, the number of unknowns was higherthan is usual for National Health Interview Survey data.
~Thisquestionwas not asked in the case of missing extremities.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
●Table H. Number of selected impairments reported in heelth interviews and percent distribution of impairments by frequency ofphysician visits in past year for the condition, according to type of impairment: United States, 1977
Impairment
Visual impairments ......................................... ...............................Severe visual impairments .........................................................Othar visual impairments ........... ............ .... ................ .... ...........
Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) ... ........................ .......... ....Speech impairments ........ ............................................ ...................Paralysis, complete or partial .......................... ........ ...... .................Absence of major extremities .........................................................
Upper only ................................................................... .......... ...Lower only ........................ .......................................................
Absence of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only .......................................Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of:
8ack or spine ............. .............. .................. ...............................Upper extremity or shoulder .....................................................Lower extremity or hip .....................................! .......................Othar and multiple, NEC, and illdefined, of limbs,
back, or trunk .............. ...... ............ ........................................
Numberin
thousands
11,4151,391
10,02416,219
1,9951,532
35891
2641,867
9,3652,5007,147
1,213
Physician visits in past year for the condition
Total None 1 2-45 or Unknown
more if any
Percent distribution
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.01$LO
. . .2. . .2. . .2-..
100.0100.0100.0
41.545.541.071.771.5:3,3
. . .2. . .2. . .2. . .
53.359.750.8
&
21.619.621.9 I15.610.228.4
-..2. . .2. . .2 . . .
14.17.49.4
10.7
16.618.816.3
7,37.3
12.62. . .2. . .2..-2. . .
13.28.38.6
15.9
5.29,14.63.04.5
;7.3..-
2..-2.-.2.-.
10.59.46.7
18,3
115.117.0
116.2
2.46.6
128,42. . .2. . .2. . .2..-
18.8115.2124.4
122.2
lFor ~i5ua1imPauments, ~malYsi5, and the 4 types of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments, the number of unkno~s is higher than
2is u ual for National Health Survey data.
This question wee not asked in the case of missing extremities.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
10
Table J. Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews end percent distribution of impairments by frequency of bothercaused by condition, eccording to type of impairment: United States, 1977
Impairment
Visual impairments ,., ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. ... .. . .. .. ..Severe visual impairments ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... ... .. .. .Other visual impairments .. .... . .. .. .. .. .. . . .... ... . ..
Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) .. .. .... . .Speech impairments .. .. .. .. ... ... . ... .. ... ... .. .. .... . .. ....Paralysis, complete or partial . ... .. .. .. . .... . ... ... ... . ..Absence of mejor extremities ..... . ... .. ... ... ... .. .. .. .
Upper only ..... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .Lower only .. .... ... .. .. .... . .... .. ... . .... .. .... .. .. ... ... ..
Absenca of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only ... .. .. ..
Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis orabsence) of:
Back or spine . ..... . ... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .... . ... ..Upper extremity or shoulder .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .Lower extremity or hip .... .. ... .. .. ..... ... .... .. .. . .
Othar and multiple, NEC, and ill-daflned, of limbs, back, or trunk ..............
Numberin
thousands
11,415
1,39110,02416,219
1,9951,532
358
91264
1,867
9,3652,5007,147
1,213
~
Frequency of bother caused by condition
Percent distribution
1100.0100.0100.0100.0100.01:0.0
---2. . .2 -..2 . . .
100.0100.0100.0
100.0
27,767.922.138.227.8$5.6
..-2---2---2---
17.719.017.5
28.6
6.1B.15.88.29.14.3
2-..2---2.-.2 -..
19.28.5
11.5
20.6
18.19.1
19.427.826.9
9,12..-2.-.2..-2..-
45.528.032.6
26.5
1.4
●1.51.41.7
*1.6*1.O2 .-.2 . . .2 ..-2---
1.92.02.9
2.4
26.47.4
29.022.727.713.62 . . .2 ---2 . . .2 ---
8.527.110.9
*1.7
120.3
16.1122.3
1.56.8
126.32 .-.2 . . .2 . . .2 . . .
17.3115.4124.5
120.2
lFor visual impairments, paralysis,and the 4 types ofnonParalytic orthopedic impafiments, thenumber ofun~o~~s is higher thanisu ualfor National Health Interview Survey data.
2This questionwas not askedin the caseof missingextremities.NOTE: NEC= not elsewhereclassit”red.
they are of limited use for two reasons. One, thecause was reported as “unknown” for almosthalf of the hearing impairments (46 percent) andtwo, the largest category of known responseswas coded as due to “other” diseases or com-bined with the “other” category. Therefore,these data are not presented here.
hzpact.-About 5 percent of the hearingimpairments caused limitation of activity. Adoctor was seen at some time for approximately72 percent of the hearing impairments, andone-fourth received medical attention during1977 (table F). Hearing impairments have littleimpact on short-term disability, at least asindicated by the percent with one or more beddays in the past year (table G) and by the lownumber of restricted-activity days per conditionper year (table F).
Although a minority (23 percent) of thehearing impairments were reported as “nobother,” about two-fifths (38 percent) botheredthe affected person all of the time. Fifteenpercent of the hearing impairments were re-ported to cause a great deal of bother; 34
percent, some bother; and 24 percent, very littlebother (table K).
Speech I mpairmentsi
In 1977 there were about 2 million speechimpairments, or a rate of 9.4 per 1,000 persons.
Approximately half of the speech impair-ments involved stammering and stuttering, andthe remainder involved some other speechproblem (table N). The 127,000 cases of cleftpalate or harelip represent a rate of less than 1per 1,000 persons (table N). Deaf persons whocannot speak are included in the hearing impair-ment of total deafness in both ears.
The prevalence rate of speech impairmentswas higher for males than for females and lowerfor white persons than for all other persons.Persons in families with an income of less than
iThe primary source of information on speechimpairments was from items J, K, and L on the checklistof impairments (question 32). Persons were askedwhether they or anyone in the household had cleftpalate or harelip, stammering or stuttering, and/or anyother speech defect(s).
11
Table K. Number of selected Impairments reported in health interviews and percent distribution of impairments by degree person was
bothered by condition, according to type of impairment: United States, 1977
Visual impairments ... .. .... . ..... .. .. . ... .. .... ... . .. .Severe visual impairments .. ... .. .. .. .... .. .. ..Other visual impairments .... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .
Hearing impairments (includes
tinnitus) .... . ... .. ... .. .... . .... .. .. ... .. . .. .... .. .. ... ...
Speech impairments .. .. .... ..... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ...Paralysis, complete of partial ..... . ... .... . ... .. ..Absence of major extremities .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ..
Upper only ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .. ..Lower only ... .... .. .. .. .... .. . ... .... .. ... .. ... . .....
Absence of entire finger(s) or
toe(s) only ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . .. .. . .... ..
Orthopedic impairments (axceptparalysis or absence) of:
Back or spine ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... ..Upper extremity or shoulder .... .. .. ... . .. ..Lower extremity or hip .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-
defined, of limbs, back, ortrunk ... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... . ... .. .... .. .. .... .. . ...
Numberin
thousands
11,4151,391
10,024
16,219
1,995
1,532358
91264
1,867
9,3652,5007,147
1,213
Degree condition bothers person
II I
“ ‘=ka-=-lbE100.0 53.3 15.6100.0 86.5 50.4100.0 48.7 10.8
100.0 75.8 15.0100.0 65.5 15.81:0.0 :0.1 ;0.0
.-. . . . ---2 2 2--- --- ---2 2 2--- . . . ---
2 2 2.-. . . . ---
100.0 84.2 35.2100.0 57.6 17.3100.0 64.6 20.7
100.0 78.1 43.0
I I I
Percent distribution
24.027.223.6
34.0
24.5
20.42 . . .2 . . .2 .-.
2 . . .
38.026.330.9
28.6
12.36.3
13.1
24.0
22.4
6.92-..2---2---
2. . .
8.212.311.1
5.0
1.42.61.3
2.82.9
2.82. . .2. . .2. . .
2 . . .
2.91.61.8
*1.5
26.47.4
29.0
22.7
27.7
13.62 . . .2 . . .2 . . .
2 . . .
8.527.110.9
*1.7
Unknownif
bothered
120.316.1
122.3
1.5
6,8
~6,3. . .
2. . .2 . . .
2. . .
17.3115.4124.5
120,2
lFor visual impairments, paralysis, and the 4 types of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments, the number of unknowns is higher than
is usual for National Health Interview Survey data.2ThiS que5tion w= not aSked in the case of rnking extremities.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
$3,000 per year had a higher rate of speechimpairments than persons from families withincomes of $15,000 or more had. Persons infamilies whose head had completed less than 9years of education had a higher rate of speechimpairments than those in families where thehead had completed 13 years or more had. (See
table 5.)Etiology .–Etiology data were collected, but
for the majority (75 percent) of reported speechimpairments the cause was unknown to therespondent or was classified as due to “other”causes (or combined with the “other” category).Almost 9 percent of the speech impairmentswere estimated to have been due to cerebro-vascular disease. This latter figure is probably anundercount because of the high percent of“unknown” and “other” responses and can be
considered a conservative estimate of the pro-portion of speech impairments due to cerebro-vascular disease.
Impact. –About 9 percent of the speechimpairments were reported to have causedactivity limitation (table F). Three-fifths ofthese impairments had been medically attended
at some time, but only one-fifth were reportedto have involved one physician visit or more in1977 (table F). Among those seen by a physi-cian in 1977, most involved one to four visits(table H). A majority (92 percent) of speechimpairments did not entail any bed days duringthe year (table G). Overall, there were about 4restricted-activity days per speech impairmentper year (table F).
In the majority (66 percent) of cases, peoplewith a speech impairment were bothered by it
12
Table L, Number of selected impairments reported in health interviews as causing bother and percent distribution of degree person was
bothered by condition, according to type of impairment: United States, 1977
Impairment
Visual impeirmentsl ... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. . . .... .... .. .. .. .. ... . .Severe visual impairmentsl .. .. .. ... .. ... ... ... . ... .. ... ... .. . .. .... .. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... . .Other visual impairmentsl .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .. . ... .. .. .... .. ... . .... .. .... .. .. .. .... . .... . .
Hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) .... ... . .. ... ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
Speech impairments ... . ... ... ... .. .... .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. .. ... . .... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. . .. .. .Paralysis, complete or partial 1 ... .. ... . .... .. .. ... ... . ... .. ... ... . .. .. .... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. . .. .. .
Absence of major extremities .... . .. .. .. ... . .. .... . ... .. ... . ... ... ... .. .. ... . . .... . ... .... .. .. ... ..Upper only ,,, ..,.,,,.,,,,, , .,.,..,,,...,., . .. .. .. . . .. . ... ... . .. . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... . .... ..
Lower only .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... . ... ... . ... . ..... . ... .. .Absence of antire finger(s) or tea(s) only ... . .... .. ... .. ... . ... .. ... ... . ... .. ... . .... .. . ... . .Orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of:
Back or spinal ..... ... . .... .. .... .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .... .. .... .Upper extramity or shoulderl ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .... .. . ... .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .Lower extremity or hipl . .... .. .. ... .. ... . .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .. .... .
Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-defined, of limbs, back,or trunkl .... .. ... .. .. .... . .... .. .... . . .. . ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
Number ofconditions
with botharin thousands
6,0861,2034,884
12,2931,306
921
72*II
60164
7,8881,4394,614
947
Degree condition bothers person
TotalG rest
SomeVery
deal little Other
Percent distribution
100.0 29.3100.0 58.3100.0 22.1100.0 19.8100.0 24.11po ;9 .9
. . . ---2 2. . . ..-2 2--- ---2 2. . . -..
100.0 41.7
-IL100.0 30.1100.0 32.1
100.0 55.0
45.031.448.344.837.4:3.9
. . .2. . .2..-2---
45.145.747.9
36.6
23.07.2
26.931.734.211.52. . .2. . .2---2..-
9.721.4
17.2
6.4
2.73.02.63.74.44.7
2. . .2. . .2. . .2. . .
3.42.72.8
●1 ,9
lJ?or visual impairments, paralysis, and the 4 types of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments, the number of unknowns is higher thanis usual for National Health Interview Survey data.
2This q~e,qtionwas notasked in the case of MiSSingextremities.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
Table M. Number, percent distribution, ana ra~e per 1,000 persons of hearing impairments reported in health interviews, by type ofimpairment: United States, 1977 and 1971
1977 1971
Type of impairment and impairment codel Number Percent Rate par Number Percent Rate per
in distri- 1,000 in distri- 1,000
thousands bution personsz thousands bution persons2
All types of hearing impairments
(includas tinnitus) ... .. ... .. .. .. . ... .. . ... ... .. .. ... X06-X09 16,219 100.0 76.4 14,491 100.0 71.6
Hearing impairment involving both ears (includes
total deafness) ... ... .... ... .. .. ... ... . .. ... ... . ... ... .. .. ... .. ..XO6 and X07 7,293 45.0 34.4 6,718 46.4 33.2Haaring impairment involving only one ear .... .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... ..XO8 8,002 49.3 37.7 7,014 48.4 34.7Hearing impairment, unknown whether one or both
aars are involved ..... .. .. .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. .. .. .. ..XO9 924 5.7 4.4 758 5.2 3.7
1A complete listing of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendix Il.Zpopulation (in thousands) used in computation of rates for 1977 and 1971 was 212,153 and 202,360, respectively.
(table K).Regarding the frequency of bother, more than a third each some or verv little botherabout 37 percent were reported to cause bother (table L).all of the time or ,often and 27 percent, once in a
Paralysiswhile (table J). Of those speech impairmentsthat causedreported to
bother, a fourth (25 perc~nt) were Basedcause a great deal of bother; and estimated
on information from the NHIS it isthat there were about 1.5 million
13
Table N. Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of speech impairments reported in health interviews, by type of
impairment, and of cleft palate or haralip: United States, 1977 and 1971
1977 I 1971
Type of impairment, and of cleft palate or harelip, Numberand impairment codel
Percent Rate perin distri- 1,000
thousands bution persons2
All speach impairments ....... ...................... XIO,XI 1 1,995 100.0 9.4
Stammering, and stuttering ...............................................Xl O 909 45.6 4.3Other speach defect ............................................ ..............Xl 1 1,085 54.4 5.1
Cleft palate or harelip ........ ..........................!... ............. X91.X 127 --- 0.6
1A complete listing of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendixII.2poPulation (in thousmds) “~ed in computation of rates for 1977 and 1971 W* 212,153 and 2(
cases of complete or partial paralysis, repre-senting a prevalence rate of 7.2 per 1,000persons. The rate of paralysis increased with age.Males 45-64 years of age had a higher rate ofparalysis than females of the same age categoryhad. Among persons who were 65 years of ageand over, white persons had a lower rate ofparalysis than all other persons had (table 6).Persons 45-64 years of age from families withincomes less than $3,000 experienced a higherrate of paralysis than those of the same agecategory in families with incomes of $15,000 ormore did (table 6).
Complete paralysis of the extremities andtrunk accounted for two-fifths (43 percent) ofthe persons with paralysis, a prevalence rate of3.1 per 1,000 persons (table O). About one-sixthof those with paralysis (constituting about one-third of the persons with complete paralysisonly) were cases of hemiplegia. Forty percent ofthose with hemiplegia (about 94,000) were45-64 years of age, and 42 percent (about100,000) were 65 years of age and over.
Of those persons paralyzed, about half (52percent) had cerebral palsy or partial paralysis ofthe extremities or trunk, a rate of 3.7 per 1,000persons. Cerebral palsy, partial paralysis of oneside of the body, and partial paralysis of anypart of the leg(s) each accounted for slightlymore than one-tenth of the persons paralyzed.Cerebral palsy rates decreased with age; 83percent of those with cerebral palsy (146,000)were under 45 years of age, and about 18percent (31,000) were 45 years of age and over.
Etiology.–The leading cause of complete orpartial paralysis was cerebrovascular disease,
Number Percent Rate perin distri- 1,000
thousands bution persons2
1.934 I 100.0 I 9.6
940 48.6 4.6994 51.4 4,9
114 --- 0.6
,360, respectively.
causing about 40 percent of all paralysis. In1977 about 17 percent of the paralysis was dueto polio, compared with 23 percent in 1971.Injury accounted for approximately 13 percentof the paralysis cases (table P).
ls-npact.-Complete or partial paralysiscaused activity limitation in three-fifths (58percent) of the people with this condition (tableF). Paralysis caused an average of around 46restricted-activity days per condition per yearand 21 bed days per condition per year (tableF). Practically all (98 percent) of the cases ofparalysis had been medically attended at sometime.
Although additional information on the im-pact of paralysis is shown in tables F-L, noanalyses of these data are presented because ofthe h~gh percentage of “unknown” responsesassociated with their measurement.
Missing Extremities
In 1977, approximately 358,000 personshad major extremities missing, yielding a rate of1.7 per 1,000 persons. Two-thirds (67 percent)of these involved legs and 15 percent involvedarms (table Q).
Absence of minor extremities affectedapproximately 1.9 million persons, or 8.8 per
jAbsence of major extremity (leg, foot, arm, hand)was coded to X20-X24, X26-X30, X32, or X33, re-spectively. Absence of minor extremity (finger or toe)was coded to X25, X31, or X34. Partial loss of a fingeror toe was coded to X39 and is not included in thisreport.
14
Tabla 0. Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of cases of paralysis, complete or partial, reported in healthinterviews, bv type of im~airment: Unitad States, 1977 and 1971
1977
Percentdistri -
1971
Percentdistri-bution
100.0
51.8
7.9*
12.77.3
*
14.33.75.3
43.0
13.04.77.39.66.0
*
5.2
Typa of impairment and impairment codel Numberin
thousands
1.532
Rate per1,000
persons2
7.2
3.1
Numberin
thousands
Rate per1,000
persons2
Paralysis, complete or partial .................... X40-X69
Paralysis (NOS) (complete) of extremitiesand trunk ......................................... .............. X40-X49
Upper extremity (ies), except fingers only ................OX40,X41Finger(s) only .. .. .. ... ... .... .. .. ... . ..... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . ..... .. ... .. . .... X42Lower extremity (ies), except toes only ........................... x43Paraplegia...................................... ............................ X44,X46Toe(s) only ....................................................................... x45Hemiplegia ........................... .......................................... ... X47Quadriplegic ................................................ ...................... X48Other sites........................................................ ................. X49
Cerebral palsy; paralysis (partial ) ofextremities end trunk ..... .............................. X50-X59
Cerebral palsy (and synonyms) ......................................... X50Partial paralysis, arm(s) or finger(s) ...................................X5lPartial paralysis, leg(s) any part ............................... .......... X52Pertial peralysis, one side of body ..................................... x53Partial paralysis, other sites............. ...... .............. ..............x54Partial paralysis, palsy, paresis, NOS ................................. X59
Paralysis (complete or partial), sitesexcept extremities and trunk ...... .. .......... .... X60-X69
Paralysis. face ........................ ............................................X6OParalysis, bladder or anal sphincter ...................................X6IParalysis, other sites........ .. .............. ...... .... ...... .................. X69
100.0 1,392
721
6.9
3.6
0.5*
0.90.5
●
1.00.30.4
3.0
660 43.1
5.0*o .410.75.2
*0.315.5
2.93.3
51.6
11.58.1
11.713.14.62.5
5.4
76*6
16479*4
2374451
791
176124180201
7039
82
0.4*0.O
0.80.4
*o .01.10.20.2
3.7
0.80.60.80.90.30.2
0.4
110*
177102
*
1995174
599
18166
10113483
*
73
. .’0.9y“ 0.3
0.50.70.4
*
0.4
76
.* 5
5.0
*0.3
0.4
*0.O
4.0**
0.3**
55**
1A comP1ete listing of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendix Il.2pop~Iation ~nthous~ds) used incomputation ofrates for 1977 and 1971 was212,153 and202,360, respectively.
NOTE: NOS=not otherwise specified.
Table P. Number, percent distribution, andrate perl,OOO pemonsof cesesof complete orpart;al paralysis repo~ed inhealthintemiews,by etiology: United States, 1977
I I I
Etiology and codel I Number in I Percant I Rate parthousands distribution 1,000 persons
All causesof paralysis, complete orpartial ........................ .. ...... ...... ...................................... .......(.l..7. .9, .x, .Y, .0} 1,532 100.0 7.2
Poliomyelitis ........................m......................................................................................CerebrovascuIar disease....... ........ ............................................................ ....................l..
254610191134
58125161
16.639.812.5
8.73.88.2
10.5
1.22.90.90.60.30.60.8
Injury .................o..........m....................... .................................................... .................. (.9)Congenital origin or birth factors .................................... ...................... ..................... (.x)Other and illdafined condtions2 ......... .................... .......... .. ........ .................. .... (.1, .3-.6)Diseasesand conditions except as in .0-.9, .X ........... ................................................. (.Y)Unknown to respondent .............................................................................................. (.0)
1A complete listing of etiology codes is presented in appendix H.21ncludes mbercuIosis, other infection or inflammation, neoplasm, diabetes, or diseases of arteries.
15
Table Q. Numbar, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 per$onsof casesofabsence ofextremitias reported inhealth interviews, bytype of impairment: United States, 1977and 1971
Type of impairment and impairment codel
Absence of major extremi-ties............................X20-X24,X26-X30,X32,X33
Uppar extremity ................................... ..................... X20-X24
Arm(s) .................................... ........................ ...... X20-X22Arm, at or above elbow, and arm NOS .... .. .......... ... X20Arm, below elbow and above wrist ...... ............ ....... X21Arms, both ............................................................. X22
Hand(s), except digits only ................................... X23,X24
Lower extremity ............ .. ................ .......................... X26-X30
Leg(s) ............................................................... .....X26.X28Leg, at or above knee, and leg NOS ........................x26Leg, below knee and above ankle ............ ................ X27Legs, both ........................ .......... ...................... ....... X28
Foot (feet), except toe(s) only ............................. X29,X30
Upper and lower extremities .................... ............ ...... X32,X33
Absence of minor extremities .............X25.X31 ,X34
Finger(s) or toe(s) only ........................ ....... ............... X25,X31
Finger(s) and/or thumb(s) only .................................... X25Toe(s) only ...................................................................X3l
Finger(s) and toe(s) ...........................................................x34
++4+53
*28*24
38
264
24192
11336
*22
*4
14.8*7.8*6.7
10.6
73.7
67.325.731.610.1*6.1
●1.1
0.3●0.1*0. I
0.2
1.2
1.10.40.50.2
*0. I
*0.O
1,867 I 100.0 [ 8.8
1,854
1,545309
82.8 7.316.6 1.5
*I2 *0.6 ●0.1
19711 1
Number Percent Rate perin distri- 1,000
thousands bution person~I I
274 I 100.0 I 1.4I
,,
74 27.0 I 0.4,
47 17.2 0.2* * ●
* * ** ● ** ● ●
197 71.9 1.0
179 65.3 0.996 35.0 0.568 24.8 0.3
* ● ●
=-L-L3858 100.0 34.2
=1=1=● ! ++ ●
1A comPlete listing of impairment X-Codes is presented in appendix 11.2poPulation (in thousmds) used ~ computation of rates for 1977 and 1971 was 212,153 ~d 202,360> respectively.3Because of an error in coding the absence of finger(s) or toe(s), underestimation of perhaps 900,000 occurred in this category
(National Center for Health Statistics: Prevalence of selected impairments: United States, 1971, by C. Wilder. Vital and Health Statistics.Series 10-No. 99. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 75-1526, Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,May 1975. p. 4).
NOTE: NOS = not otherwise specified.
1,000 persons. Most (83 percent) of theseinvolved fingers and/or thumbs only (table Q).
Tables 7 and 8 present information aboutmissing major and minor extremities by varioussociodemographic characteristics. For major aswell as minor missing extremities, the overallrate rises with age, and males have a higherprevalence than females have. For white persons65 years of age and over, the relative frequencyof missing major extremities was lower in 1977than it was for all other similarly aged persons.Regarding the absence of minor extremities,white persons under 45 years of age had a higherprevalence rate than other persons in that same
age category had. The relative frequency ofmissing minor extremities was higher amongpersons living outside standard metropolitanstatistical areas (SMSA’S) than it was for thoseliving within SMSA’S. The rate of missing majorextremities was highest for persons 65 years ofage and over living in the South. Among persons45-64 years of age, the rate of missing minorextremities was lower for persons in the North-east Region than for residents of the NorthCentral or South Regions.
Etiology .–Most of the absence of major (58percent) and minor (91 percent) extremities wascaused by injury (table R). Diabetes accounted
16
Table R. Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of cases of absence of extremities reported in health interviews,by etiology: United States, 1977
Absence of major extremities I Absence of minor extremities
Etiology and codel
r
Number
inthousands
All causes of absence of extremi-ties ,,, ,, .,..,.,..,.,.. !... ... . . ... ... .. .. .... (.3-.7, .9, .x, .Y, .0)
L=358
Injury .... . ... .. .. ...m.. ... ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . . .. .. .. ..o. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... ... (.9) 207Diebetes ..... ... .. .. ... .. .. .... ... .. .. .. ... ... . ... .. .... . ... .. .... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. (.5) 47
Other causes ... . .... .. .... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. ...(.3. .4,.6,.7, .X, .Y) 102
Unknown or unspecified origin .. .. .... . ... .. .. ... ... .. .... .... ... . .... .. . (.0) 2
1A complete listing of etiology codes is presented in appendix II.
for 13 percent of the cases of missing majorextremities.
Impact. –Proportionately, more cases ofmissing lower extremities were reported as acause of limitation of activity than missingupper extremities were (71 percent comparedwith 48 percent). Absence of lower extremitiesaveraged 42 restricted-activity days per condi-tion per year; however, absent upper extremitiesresulted in about 8 restricted-activity days percondition per year (table F). Questions regardingother types of impact were not asked of personswith missing extremities.
Nonparalytic Orthopedic Impairmentsk
Data on nonparalytic orthopedic impair-ments are presented for the back or spine; theshoulder or upper extremity; the hip or lowerextremity, and multiple or other impairments ofthe limbs, back, or trunk.
Table S shows the number and rate per1,000 persons of each type of nonparalytic
korthopedic impairments are defects (excludingparalysis or abaence) of limbs, back, or trunk and aredesignated by categories X70-X89 (ace appendix II).Ill-defined chronic difficulties described in terms such as“stiffness,” “weaknesa,” “pain,” “trouble,” “spasrm,”and “swelling” and involving muscles, joints, limbs,back, or trunk were classified in X70-X89 according tothe site. These categories alao include reports of old (i.e.,onset of 3 months or more prior to the week of theinterview) sprains, strains, and d~locations of these sitesthat still cause distress. Also classified in X80-X89 arecurvature of the spine, clubfoot, and specified structuraldeformities of the Iimba, back, or trunk. When multiplesites involve only X70-X79, category X78 was coded.
I1
Percent Rate per Number
distri- 1,000 inbution persons thousands
100.0 1.7 1,867, ,
-El_4_5TPercent Rate par
distri- 1,000bution parsons
100.0 8.8
I91.4 8.0*0.9 *0. I
6.7 0.61.0 0.1
orthopedic impairment. Of the four sites, theback “or spin: had the highest number ofimpairments (approximately 9 million, or 44.1per 1,000 persons). Almost two-thirds of theorthopedic impairments of the back or spinewere of the back or vertebra; almost one-thirdinvolved structural deformities of the spine.
Approximately 7 million impairments wereestimated for the lower extremity or hip, rep-resenting a rate per 1,000 persons of 33.7.Almost three-fifths of these cases involved flat-foot and knee or leg impairments; almost one-fifth involved deformity of the lower extremity.
There were also 2.5 million cases of non-paralytic orthopedic impairments in the upperextremity or shoulder region and about 1million multiple or other nonparalytic impair-ments of limbs, back, or tiunk (table S).
Tables 9-12 present the number and rate per1,000 persons for nonparalytic orthopedicimpairments in four body regions by varioussociodemographic characteristics.
As noted previously, the relative frequencyof the impairments increased with age. Re-garding the back or spine, females under 17years of age and those 75 years of age and overhad a higher rate of such impairments thanmales in those same age categories had.
In 1977, males 17-64 years of age had ahigher rate of impairments of the upper ex-tremity or shoulder than females in that agegroup had, and white persons 17-44 years of agehad a higher rate of these impairments than allother persons of that age category had. Impair-ments of the lower extremity or hip were
17
Table S. Number, percent distribution, and rate per 1,000 persons of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments (except absence) reported inhealth interviews, by type of impairment: United States, 1977 and 1971
1977
Type of impairment and impairment codel Number Percent Rate parin distri- 1,000
thousands bution persons2
Back or spine ... ....................... X70-X72, X80,X81.X 9,365 100.0 44.1
Back (NOS), spine (NOS), vertebra (NOS) ......................... X70 35,964 63.7 28.1Cervical or thoracic region X71 3556................... .............................. 5.9 2,6Coccygeal region ................................................................ X72 338 0.4 0.2Structural deformities of spine ....................................... ... X80 2,764 29.5 13.0Spina bifida ................................................................... X81.X 44 0.5 0.2
Upper extremity or shoulder ...... X73.X74.X86-X88 2,500 100.0 11.8
Shoulder and arm, above wrist .... ...... .................... ............. X73 3655 26.2 3.1Wrist, hand, finger, thumb ... .............................................. X74 3725 29.0 3.4Deformity, neck or shoulder region ................................... X86 46 0.2Deformity, finger(s), thumb(s) only .............. .................... X87 703 2::; 3.3Deformity, upper extremity ..............................................x88 371 14.8 1.7
Lower extremity or hip ........ ...... X75-X77,X82-X85 7,147 100.0 33.7
Hip and/or pelvis, alone or with any other sitein X70.X79 ............................... ........................ .............. X75 3574 8.0 2.7
Knee, leg NOS ................................................................... X76 32,032 28.4 9.6Ankle, foot, toe ................................................................. X77 3784 11.0 3.7Flatfoot ............................................................................. X82 2,174 30.4 10.2Clubfoot ............................................................................ X83 148 2.1 0,7Deformity, othar and multiple, lower extremity, N EC ...... X84 1,346 18.8 6,3Deformity, hip and/or pelvis.............................................. X85 90 1.3 0.4
Other and multiple, NEC, and ill-defined,of limbs, back, or trunk ...................X78.X79.X89 1,213 100.0 5.7
Multiple sites NEC .......... ............ .......... .......... .. .......... .... .. .X78 31,043 86.0 4.9Other and ill-defined sites ............................................... ... X79 3147 12.1 0.7Deformity, trunk bones, NEC ............................................X~ *22 *1.8 *0. I
1971
Numberin
thousands
Percent Rate perdistri- 1,000bution persons2
8.018
35,4943536
3* 1-100.0 39.6
68,5 27.16.7 2.6
* *
1,925 24.0 9.536 0.4 0.2
=44244’35733729
53708378
23.529.9
2.228.015.5
2.83,60.33.61.9
7,387 I 100.0 I 36.51 1
3624% ,795
37123,150
103869134
8.424.3
9.642,6
1.411.8
1.8
3.18.93.5
15.60.54,30.7
m1A complete li~ting of impatient X-Codes is presented in appendix II.2poPu1ation (in thou~mds) used in computation of rates for 1977 and 1971 was 212, 1s 3 and 202,36CI, respectively.3As noted emfier in the text, ~thk each of the impairment groups, with the exception of X80-X89, the Prevd=sce estimate rw be
considered as a count of persons in that group.
NOTES: NOS = not otherwise specified; NEC = not elsewhere classified.
relatively more common among males under 45years of age than among similarly aged females,but for those 75 years of age and over the ratewas higher for females than for males.
Among persons 17-64 years of age, the rateof impairments both of the back or spine andupper extremity or shoulder was higher forpersons in families with incomes less than$3,000 than it was for those in families withincomes of $15,000 or more. For each agecategory the same income pattern was consistentwith regard to impairments of the lower ex-tremity or hip.
Etiology .–For each of the sites, injury wasthe primary cause of nonparalytic orthopedicimpairments (table T).
Impact. –Approximately one-fifth of theimpairments in the upper extremity or shoulder,one-fourth of each of the back or spine and :lower extremity or hip areas, and more thanone-half of the multiple nonparalytic orthopedicimpairments caused limitation of activity (tableF). Because of the high percent of unknowns forthe nonparalytic orthopedic impairments, state-ments on other impact measures are not made.However, the data are shown in tables F-L.
18
Tnblo T, Number, pcrcont distribution, and rate per 1,000 perscms of nonparalytic orthopedic impairments (except absence) reported in health interviews, by type of impairmentand etiology: United States, 1977
Upper LowerBack Other
UpperBack
Lower Upper Lower
extremity extrem Ity Other Back Other
Etmlogy and codel orextremity extremity extremity extremity
ormultiple, “ or or multiple, or or
multiple,
spine shoulder;;p N EC spine h:: NEC spine
shoulder shoulder;P NEC
Number in thousands Percent distribution Rate per 1,000 persons
All CiWSCS.......(.l -.9. .X, .Y: .0) 9,365 2,500 7,147 1,213 100.0 100.0 100.0 1LX1.o 44.1 11.8 33.7 5.7
Chhrr Infectltm ... ........ .... .............. (.3) 173 261 157 ‘4 1.8 10.4 2.2 “0.3 0.8 1.2 0.7 “0.0
ln]ury ...... .... ............ .... .. ..... ..... .....(.9) 3,467 1,770 2,869 923 37.0 70.8 40.4 76.1 16.3 6.3 13.6 4.4
Cwt@tal urtgin m birthfwtur .................. ..... ................ (.x) 753 119 1,113 ’18 8.0 4.8 15.6 ●1.5 3.5 0.6 5.2 ‘0.1
Clthf,r and 01.dcfmcdwmd,0cms2 . . .... .. (.1, .2,.4-.8, .Y) 1,750 172 1,142 105 16.7 6.9 16.0 8.7 8.2 0.8 5.4 0.5
L1.h.uwn m rtwpwtdont ......... .... .. LO) 3,223 178 1,846 163 34.4 7.1 25.6 13.4 15.2 0.8 6.7 0.6
1,, ,., ,“lpl,.tc IISt ,,f cti~taEY codes is presented in appendix 11.
2A I?,mt ‘IO percent {n this category are code (.Y).
CHANGES IN THE PREVALENCERATE OF SELECTED IMPAIRMENTS:
1971 AND 1977
Between 1971 and1977, the prevalence rateuf Icss severe visual impairments, hearing impair-numts, and nonparalytic orthopedic impairmentsof the back or spine has increased. By contrast,the rate per 1,000 persons for nonparalyticorthopedic impairments of the lower extremityor hip has decreased (table A). Analysis of thesechan~cs among selected age-sex categories re-veals, however, that changes did not occuruniformly across all age-sex categories examined.
00
Rather, these changes appear to have beenconfined to specific age categories of males orfemales. For example, an increase was found inthe rate of other less severe visual impairmentsfor males 65 years of age and over (table 3), inthe rate of hearing impairments among males45-64 years of age (table 4), and in the rate ofnonparalytic orthopedic impairments of theback or spine for females under 45 years of age(table 9). With regard to the decrease in the rateof nonparalytic orthopedic impairments of thelower extremity or hip, it appears that thedecline has occurred mainly among males 17-44years of age (table 11).
o
19
REFERENCES
1National Center for Health Statistics: Health Inter-view Survey procedure, 1957-1974. Vital and HealthStatistics. Series l-No. 11. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)75-1311. Health Resources Administration. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1975.
2National Center for Health Statistics: Health Inter-
view responses compared with medical records. Vital andHealth Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 2-No. 7.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, July 1965.
3National Center for Health Statistics: Interview data
on chronic conditions compared with information de-rived from medical records, by W.G. Madow. Vitaland Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series ?-No.23. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, May 1967.
4National Center for Health Statistics: Reliability ofestimates with alternative cluster sizes in the HealthInterview Survey, by J. Waksberg, R.H. Hansen, andC.A. Jacobs. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 52.DHEW Pub. No. (HShi)73-1 326. Health Services andMental Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Gover-nmentPrinting Office, April 1973.
5National Center for Health Statistics: Quality con-trol and measurement of nonsampling error in theHealth Interview Survey, by D.A. Koons. Vital andHealth Statistics. Series 2-No. 54. DHEW Pub. No.(HSM)73-1328. Health Services and Mental Health Ad-ministration. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, March 1973.
6National center for Health Statistics: Net dif-ferences in interview data on chronic conditions andinformation derived from medical records, by W.G.Madow. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 57.DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)7 6-1331. Health ResourcesAdministration. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, June 1973.
7National Center for Health Statistics: A summary ofstudies of interviewing methodology, by C.F. Cannell,K.H. Marquis, and A. Laurent. Vital and HealthStatistics. Series 2-No. 69. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)77-1343. Health Resources Administration. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1977.
8Nationa1 center for Health Statistics: current esti.
mates from the Health Interview Survey: United States-
1977, by L.J. Howie and T.F. Drury. Vital and HvalthStatistics. Series 1O-NO. 126. DHEW Pub. No. (PI-IS)78-1554. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,September 1978.
9Nationa1 Center for Health Statistics: The NationalNursing Home Survey: 1977 summary for the UnitedStates, by J.F. Van Nostrand, A. Zappolo, E. Hing, B.Bloom, B. Hirsch, and D.J. Foley. Vital and HcaLthStatistics. Series 13-No. 43. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS)79-1794. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Gov-ernment Printing Office, July 1979.
10Nation~ Center for Health Statistics: Health surveyprocedure: concepts, questionnaire development, anddefinitions in the Health Interview Survey. Vital andHealth Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 1-No. 2.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, May 1964.
11U.S. National Health Survey: The statistical desi,gnof the household interview survey. Health Statistics. PHSPub. No. 584-A2. Public Health Service. Washington,D.C. July 1958.
12National Center for He~th Statistics: Estimation
and sampling variance in the Health Interview Survey,by J.A. Bean. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 2-No. 38. Public Health Service. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1970.
13National Center for Health Statistics: CompmiSOnof hospitalization reporting in three survey procedurw.Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Smics2-No. 8. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Gover-nmentPrinting Office, July 1965.
14National Center for Health Statistics: The influcnccof interviewer and respondent psychological and be-havioral variables on the reporting in household inter-views, by C.F. Carmen, F.J. Fowler, Jr., and K.H.Marquis. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 2-No. 26. Public Health Service. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1968.
15Nation~ Center for He~th Statistics: Eig}lth Rc.vision International Classification of Diseases, A daptcdfor Use in the United States. PHS Pub. No. 1693. PublicHealth Service. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, 1967.
20
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES
1. Number of visual impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selectedcharacteristics: United States, 1977 .. .. ... ... .... .. . ... ... .. .... . ... .. ... .. . ... ... ... . .. .... ... . . ... . .... . ... ... . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... . ... .. ... . .. ... .. . ... ....................
2. Number of severe visual impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and
selected characteristics: United States, 1977 . ... .. .... .. .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. ... .. ... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ... ......
3. Number of other visual impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age andselected characteristics: United States, 1977 . .. .. .... . ... .. .. .... .. ... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. .... .. . .. . . .... .. ... . .... .. . .. . .. .. .. ... . ... ... ... . .. .... .. ... ... ......
4, Number of hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, byage and selected characteristics: United States, 1977 ... . .... .. ... . ... . ... ... . ... .. .... . ... .. .... . ... .. .. .. . ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... ... .. ... .. . .. .. .. ... . .... .. ..
5. Number of speech impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selectedcharacteristics: United States, 1977 .. . .... . ... .. . .. . ... ... . .... ... .. .. ... .. ... . .. .. . .... .. . ... .. ... .. ... .. ... . ... ... ... .. ... ... . ... .. ... .. .. .. .... . .. .. .. ... .. .. ............
6. Number of cases of paralysis, complete or partial, reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, byage and selected characteristics: United States, 1977 .. . .. ... ... .. . .. .. ... ... . . .. .. ... .. .. ... . ... .. .. .... .. ... ... .. .. ... . .... . .... . ... . ..... . .. .. .. . ... .. ... .. .. .. . ..
7. Number of cases of absence of major extremities reported in health interviews and rate of condition per 1,000 persons, by
age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977 .. .. ... ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . ... .. ... .. . .... .. ... . ... ... ... .. . ... . ..... .. . ... . ... . . ... .. .... . .... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ..
8. Number of cases of absence of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000persons, by age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977 .. .... .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . . ..... . .... .... .. .... . . .. .. ... . .. .. .. ..... . .. .. ... ... .. .
9. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis) of back or spine reported in heaith interviews and rate of conditionsper 1,000 persons, by age and selected characteristics, United States, 1977 .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. . ... . ..... .. ... . .. .. .... .. . ... .... . . ... ... .. .. . ... . ... .. ... .
10. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of upper extramity or shouldar reported in healthinterviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977 . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... .
11. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of Iowar extremitY or hip reported in health interviews andrate of conditions per 1.000 persons, by age and selected characteristics: United Statas, 1977 .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . ... .. . ..
12. Number of orthopedic impairments (axcept paralysis or absence), other and multiple, N EC, and ill-definad, of limbs, back,or trunk reported in haalth interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selected characteristics: United
States, 1977 ..... ..o.o. ...o. ... .. .. .... . ... .. .. .... .. .... . ... .. ... . .... .. .... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .... . .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... . .... . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ..............................................c...
13. Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by age and selected characteristics: United Statas, 1977 . ... . .. ... ..
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
21
Table 1. Number of visual impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 parsons, by a% and selected characteristics:United States, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutimref ized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are &ven in appendix L Definitions of terms are given in appendix II ]
Total 1 .................................................... ........
&2)J
Male ...............................................................................Female ...........................................................................
White .............................................................................All other ........................................................................
Family income
Lessthan @.OOO............................................................$3,000-$4,999 ...............................................................$5,000-$6,999$7,000-$9,999 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::$10,000-$14,999 .............................. ................ .......... ...$15,000 or more .................... .......................... ..............
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years ......................... ...................................9-11 years ......................................................................12 years .........................................................................13 years or more ......................................... ................ ...
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 years and over) ..............................Usually keeping house (female, 17 years and over) .,..,....Retired (45 years and over) ............................................
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity ................................................ .........Cannot perform usual activity ............... ....................Can perform usual activity but
limited in amount or kind ......................................Can perform usual activity but
limited in outsida activity ......................................Not limited2 ..................................................................
Place of residence
All SMSA .......................................................................Cantral city ...............................................................Not cantral city .........................................................
Odtside SMSA ................................................................Nonfarm ...................................................................Farm .........................................................................
Geographic ragion
Northeast .......................................................................North Central .............................................................. ...South .............................................................................West ...............................................................................
Numkr in thousands
11,415 678
5,9105,505
10,0661,349
1,3091,6711,2251,3281,6863,068
3,6611,7233,0402,817
3,6463,6802,195
1,496475
824
3979,919
7,3313,4113,9204,0s43,745
339
2,4122,8504,1032,049
436241
5s989
●3O604968
125308
119144213193
. . .
. . .
. . .
85●5
●26
54593
433163270245218*27
181180192124
~
1,8919s5
2,540337
176181222366591
1,173
326412983
1,133
2,007426. . .
278●19
143
1162,599
2,025870
1,?65852S02
50
608713983573
2,959
1,7021,257
2,584374
3012842612s8500
1,030
925471888S47
1,492796470
376143
143
902,6S3
1,8668989s0
1,100985116
590716
1,108544
4,902
1,8813,021
4,353549
8021,136
693603471558
2,277696956844
3462,4581,725
757307
312
1364,145
3,0151,4801,5351,8871,740
147
1,0341,2411,820
807
Under66
All17
1744 4564 yaarsages
yearsyears years and
over
53.8~
57.750.2
54.747.8
120.9108.6
75.159.141.335.3
95.251.642.942.1
45.684.5
203.0
7.12.2
2.9
1.946.6
50.656.546.460.761.553.2
49.850.459.553.6
Rate per 1,000 persons
11.3
14.38.2
11.88.8
●12.815.711.410.510.112.0
13.714.010.010.1
. . .
. . .
. . .
1.4●0.1
‘0.4
z
10.710.217.112.512,3
+14.9
13.811.29.6
11.5
33.2
45.122.1
33.828.3
44.238.438.940.932.630,3
33.533.431.734.8
36.625.9
. . .
3.2‘0.2
1.7
1.330.0
33,434.632.532.933.723.1
31.630.735.534.9
68.2
82.255.5
66.681.9
161.1115.7
90.971.765.152.9
90.464.963.457.7
55.067.6
157.3
8,73.3
3.3
2.159.6
62.271.455.581.683.170.9
55.263.179.972.9
220.2~
204.5231.1
215.9261.1
303.7263.0201.7203.3181.2183.3
236.2189.3210.3208.4
126.6229.7220.5
34.013.8
14.0
6.2186.2
216,3220.9212.0226.8230.1192.4
192.2207.2248.8225.4
lSubtotals may not add to total due to rounding. Total includes unknowns for family income, education of head of family, ususl activity status,end limitation of activity.
21nchrdes unknowns.
22
Table 2. Number of severe visuel impairments reported in health interviews and rete of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selectadcharacteristics: United States, 1977
[Data arc based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Total l ............................................. ........................ ........ .... .... ...........
~
Male ................................................................ .......................... .................. .......Female ........ .................................... ...................................................................
-r
White ........... ......................................................................................................All othar .......................... ........................ .......................... ........ ............ ............
Family income
Lessthan $3,000 ........ ...................... .......... .............. .. ...... .................... .............$3,000-$4,999 ...................................................................................................$5.00049.999 ................................................................ ...................................$10,000 or more ............... ........................................................................... ......
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years ,., ,, ..........................................................................................9-11 years ... ................ ............................................ ........ .......... ............ ...... .......12 years ....S.o.............$........................................................................................13 yaers or more .............................................. .......................... ........................
Usual activity status
Usuelly working (17 years and over) .................................................................Usually keeping house (female, 17 years and over) ............................................Retired (45 years and over) ,,. ......................... ................ ...................................
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity ............................................................................... ..............Cannot perform usual activity ......................................... .... .............. .... .... ...Can perform usual activity but limited in amount or kind ............................Cen perform usual activity but limited in outside activity ..................... .......
Not limited2 ........................................................................................ .. ............
Place of residence
All SMSA ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................Central city ........................i ....................... ...... .............................................Not centrel city ................................................... .............. ...........................
Outside SMSA .......................................................................... .........................Nonfarm ......................................................................................... ............ ..Farm .............................................................................................................
Geographic region
Northeast ............. .............................. ................................................................North Central ........................................................................................ ............South ..... .... ....................................................... ... ...... ............ .......... ...... .... ........Westn...................................... .......... .. ................................................................
Allagas I 45
years11
II , ,-J- 1 I 6545-64 yearsyears and
over— -
1,391 141
554838
1,143248
283327326268
770169251163
105568423
515237212
67876
645475370546506
40
312298613168
6457
107*34
*15●254743
43●33
37“m
37‘ 29. . .
69●1542
’1372
10065354137*5
’30●25
72’15
259
127132
19664
49
::66
154‘3147
“27
579469
944539
●11165
1529260
107103
●5
4656
11938
990
342648
S40150
220251214159
573106167107
●11445354
351177131
43639
593318275398367●31
236217422115
Rate per 1,000 persons
6.6
5.47.6
6.28.8
26.121.3
8.42.1
20.15.13.52.4
1.214.639.1
2.41.11.00.34.1
5.87.94.46.18.36.3
!%8.94.4
1.0
1.20.8
0.9●1.6
*2.4●2.9
1.80.5
2.3+1.5
0.7‘0.6
0.7*1.8
. . .
0.5++0.1
0.3●0.1
0.5
1.01.60.60.90.9
●1.3
‘0.9‘0.6
1.5*0.6
6.0
6.15.8
5.114.0
26.220.1
9.42.4
15.0●4.3
3.4●2.4
2.16.o
23.1
2.2
:::‘0.3
3.8
5.17.33.57.98.7
●3.1
4.34.98.65.1
44.5
37.249.6
41.771.3
83.358.133.428.2
59.430.336.726.4
*4.141.645.2
15.87.95.91.9
28.7
42.547.538.047.848.5
‘40.6
43.936.257.732.1
Isubtotnl,q may not add to total due to rounfing. Total includes unknowns for family income, education Of head Of famflY, usual a@i~tY status,
rmd.timitation of activity.‘Includes unknowrrs~
23
Table 3. Number of Other visual impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selactedcharactaris.tics: United States, 1977
[Data are based on household intemiews of tire civilian noninsti~tiondised Population. The suwey design, general qualifications, and information onthe reliabilityy of the estimates are given in appendix L Definitions of terms are given in appendix 11]
Characteristic
Total 1 ............................................. ...............
&
Male ...............................................................................Female .............................. .............................................
Color
White ......................................................................... ....All other ..................................................... ...................
Family income
Lessthan $3.000 ............................................................$3,000-$4,999 ...............................................................$5,000-$8999 ...... .........................................................$7,000-$8/899 ...............................................................$10,000.$14,999 ...........................................................$15,000 or more .................................................... ........
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years............................................................6-11 yaars ........................... ...........................................12 yaars .........................................................................13 years or more ............................................................
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 yaars and over) ..............................Usually’ kaaping housa (famale, 17 yaers and ovar) ........Retirad (45 years and over) ............................................
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity .................................................. .......Cannot perform usual activity ...................................Can perform usual activity but Iimited in
amount or Knd ......................................................Can parform usual ectivity but limited in
outsida activity ......................................................Not limited2 ..................................................................
Placa of rasidence
All SMSA .......................................................................Central city ...............................................................Not central city .........................................................
Outaide SMSA ................................................................Nonfarm ...................... .............................................Farm ................................................................. ........
Geographic region
Northeaat .......................................................................North Central .................................................................South ............................... ..............................................West ...............................................................................
lSubtotalsand-limitation
Numbar in thousands
10,024 641
5,3564,66S
8,9221,102
1,0251,3441,0371,1901,5752,911
2,8611,5542,7S92,654
3,7403,1121,772
981238
412
3309,043
6,4882,9363,5573,5373,239
299
2,1012,5523,4601,881
409232
58081
●28594064
121294
110135210178
. . .
. . .
. . .
60●2
●IO
48580
407151256234209● 25
177173172118
2,772
1,s3483E
2,46a312
16315E20336258a
1,159
28638~95a
1,119
1,97C397. .
233●E
118
1082,539
1,951817
1,134821774
47
581395931565
2,699
1,5751,124
2,3S8311
252242228257484999
771440841619
1,435702401
28199
104
792,418
1,706806900993882110
544660989506
3,911
1,5382,373
3,513398
582885566517410460
1,704591769737
3362,0131,377
405130
180
953,506
2,4221,1611,2601,4901,373
116
7981,0241,398
692
II I I I
Rata par 1,000 parsons
47.2
52.342.5
48.5
39.C
84.C87.483.E52.5
38.633.!
75.146.C39.439.7
44.:79.~
163.:
4.E1.1
~.:
1.E42.~
44.E48.642.C52.653.247.C
43.445.150.e49.2
10.7
13.47.9
11.28.1
●12,015.5
9.39.89.7
11.5
12.713,1
9.99.3
. . .
..!
. . .
1.0●0.O
●0.2
0.89.7
10.19.5
10.512.011.8
913.8
13.510.88.6
11.0
32.0
43.721.0
32.827.1
40.933.635.639.132,029.9
30.131.430.634.4
36.124.1
. . .
2.7●0.1
1.4
1.229.3
32.132.537.931.732.621.7
30.229.933.634.4
62.3
76.149.6
61.668.1
134.995.379.4S3.860.451.3
75.380.660.055.2
52.959.6
134.2
6.62.3
2.4
1.855.8
57.184.052.073.774.467.8
50.95S.271.467.8
176.6
167.2181.6
174.2189.3
220.4204.9184.8174.3157.8151.1
176.7169.2173.6182.0
124.9188.1175.2
‘18.25.8
8.1
4.3157.5
173.7173.3174.0179.0181,6151.8
148.3171.019!.1193.2
may not add to total due to rounding. Total includes unknowsrs for famiIyincome, education of head of family, usual activity status,of activity.
‘Includes unknowns.
24
Table 4. Number of hearing impairments (includes tinnitus) reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age andselectad characteristics: United States, 1977
[Data arc based cm household interviews of the civilian”noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information on the reliabilityof the estimates are given in appendtx 1. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Total 1.. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . ..
Sex—
Male ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. .Female .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . . ..
Color
White .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .All other .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .
Family incoma
Less than $3,000 ... .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. [email protected] ... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. ..$5,000-$6,889$7,000-$9,999 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
$lo.ow.$14.999! .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .
$15,000 or more .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. .
Education of head of family
Less than 9 years .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .9.11 years ... . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .12 years .. .. .. . .. . ...i . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..13 years or mOre ....i . . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. .. . .
Usual activity status
Preschool (under 6 years) . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . ..School age (6-16 years) . .. . . ... . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Usually working (17 years and over) . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. ..Usually keeping house (female, 17
years and over) ... .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .
Retired (45 years and over) ... .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . ...Other (17 years and over)z .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .
Limitation of activity
Limited In activiW .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. ... . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . .Cannot perform usual activity .... . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .Can perform uwal activity but
limited in amount or kind .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . ... .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .Can perform usual activity but
limited In outside activity .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. ... . .. .. .
Not llmlted2 ... . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . ..
Place of residence
All SMSA .... . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . ... . . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. ..
Central civ .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .Not central city .... .. .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. .
Outsida SMSA .... .. . .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . .Nonfarm ... .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . ..Farm .. ... . .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. . . . ... . . . . .. . .. . . .
Geographic region
NoRheast .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . ..North Central .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. ... .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .South .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. ... . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . .West . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .
AllUnder
ages17
years
6,219
8.925
7,294
4,945
1,273
1,5842,1111,7381,9002,644
4,645
5,1192,5834,4193,616
138719
6,018
4,7143,5031,128
755177
263
296
6,464
0,156
4,4995,659
6,0615,464
577
3,4244,2825,4173,095
856
489
366
743113
447175
115164
346
136165302243
136719. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
120“4
60
56
736
558
248311297275●22
170214284188
3,480
2,0931,387
3,151329
212221215435776
1,415
411477
1,2351,316
. . .
. . .2,382
582
. . .515
173“13
64
953,307
2,355
1,0101,3461,1251,052
72
649957
1,132742
5,365
~
3,233
2,133
5,012
354
365437430550987
2,110
1,452943
1,6911,207
. . .
. . .3,040
1,312
760253
19451
69
74
5,171
3,450
1,4641,9861,915t ,687
228
1 ,2C91,3901,703t ,064
,431
=
,791,639
,176
255
422657543487457
433
,547599680546
. . .
. . .442
,388,486115
11439
37
39
,316
,983
914,068,448,296152
688877,258608
,067
,318
,769
,864223
542724474314259
340
,572398511503
. . .
. . .154
,431
,256245
15371
53
●3O
,934
,611
863946
,276,173103
708845,240494—
AllUnder
ages17
years
,,
76.4
87.266.4
81.345.1
146.3137.2
106.6
64.564.8
53.4
33.477.462.457.1
7.417.471.4
21.1124.0
62.1
3.60.8
1.3
1.4
72.9
70.1
74.567.090.190.190.6
70.775.778.881.0
17-44 45-64years years T 75
85-74 yearsyears and
over
14.3
Rate per 1,000 persons
16.012.5
14.9
11.2
18.818.617.517.713.2
13.5
15.716.114.212.8
7.417.4
. . .
.
.
. . .
2.0“0.1
1.0
0.912.3
13.8
15.512.715.215.5
●12.1
12.913.414.217.5
40.2
49.931.0
42.0
28.6
53.246.937.748.442.8
36.5
41.938.739.640.4
. . .
. . .43.7
35.4.
32.9
2.0“0.2
0.7
1.1
38.2
38.6
40.237.843.444.333.2
33.741.240.645.2
123.7
156.2
94.1
129.2
77.5
195.4172.0149.7136.4128.5
108.4
141.8129.9120.6107.7
. .
. . .112.1
111.3254.4171.3
4.51.2
1.6
1.7
119.3
115.5116.3114.6
142.1142.3140.6
113.0122.6122.9142.6
240.6
289.1203.3
246.7184.1
303.6265.5245.0228.6239.0203.0
268.6249.5219.1199.7
. . .
. . .195.3
209.4301.5262.6
8.02.7
2.6
2.7
232.6
220.8
211.3229.4274.3272.8268.4
202.7233.4262.2263.2
385.5
439.3353.3
393.0310.6
433.3392.2388.8375.6377.0
373.6
404.9364.5354.4362.2
. . .
. . .359.8
351.7434.4399.0
19.18.9
6.6
●3.7
366.4
385.2
363.4367.0
418.6417.3434.6
356.5378.4413.2388.7
%ubtotals may not add to total due to rounding. Total includes unbo\rns for famZyticome, education ofheadof family, usual activity status, and fimimtionUf activity.
%wludcs unkrmwns.
25
Table5. Number of speech impairments reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 Persons, byageand selected characteristics:United States, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutiontilzed population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information Onthe reliability of the estimetes are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix 11]
Characteristic
Total x.............................................. .....................
Sex—
Female ............................ ............................................... .......
Color
White ................ .......................... ..........................................All other ...............................................................................
Family income
Lessthan $3,000 ...... ............................................................$3,000-$4,999~5,0w-$6,999 ..................................... .................................
$7,om-$9,999::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::$lo.ow.$14.999 ..................................................................$15,000 or more ...................................................................
Education of head of family
~S than 9 years .................................................... ..............8-11 years .............................................................................12 years ................................................................. .......... .....13 years or more ...................................................................
Usual activity status
Preschool (undar 6 years) ................ ...................... .. ........ .....School age (6-16 yeara) .........................................................Usually working (17 years and over) ................................ .....Usually keeping house (female, 17 yeers and over) ...............Retirad (45 yaars and ovar) .................................. ................Other (17 years and ovar)2 ......... ..........................................
Limitation of activity
Limitad in activity ............................................. .. .................Not limited2 .............................. ............. ..............................
Place of residanca
All SMSA .................................... ..........................................Central ciW ......................................................................Not central city ...............................................................
Outside SMSA ......................................................................Nonfarm ..........................................................................
Geographic region
Nonheast ..................................................... ........................ .North Central .............................. .........................................%uth ........................................... .........................................West......................................................................................
1,995
1,306688
1,578417
21025921721834957’2
55535961S445
245668444195193250
1661,80S
1,290638655
1%47
462523706304
Number in thousands
913
606307
712200
77909397
160335
1621S4333229
24566s. . .. . .. . .. . .
66245
600267333313300●I2
225235328125
555
366189
419136
58705161
117150
14768
180135
. . .,..
31176
. . .168
●21533
363187176192172● 20
123137205
90
315
208107
25461
435138445062
141
250
. . .
. . .120
657456
39276
208128
82107
98“9
6788
10258
212
12786
193●2O
●3249
●34*I7●22● 25
105● 2942
●32
. . .
. . .*13
54119● 26
59154’
12056649386*7
476372
●31
9.4
12.66.3
S.614.8
19.416.S13.39.78.66.6
14.510.s
5.76.7
13.316.15,35.0
17.913.8
0.98.5
8.910.5
7.710.510.8
7.4
9.59.2
10.26.0
Rate per 1,000 persons
16.2
19.810.5
14.319.9
32.923.621.614.912.913.1
18.717.915.712.0
13.316.1.,,. . .. . .. . .
1::;
14.916.713.616.016.9*6,6
17.114.716.411.6
6.4
8.74.2
5.611.6
14.614.9
8.96.86.53.9
15.07.15.84.1
.,.. . .
U. . .
10.7
●0.26.2
6.07.44.97.47,2
“9.2
6.45.97,45.5
7.3
10.04.7
6.513.4
23.020.113.210.96.53.2
13.s8.04.64.5
. . .. . .4.45.5
24.837.9
0.96.4
7.010.04.77,98.3
‘5.5
6.37.87.47,8
9.5
13.86.6
9.6●9.5
++12.111.3*9.9+5.7●8.5●6.2
10.9●8,3
9.2“7.9
,.,. . .
‘4.65.0
16,2●24.7
2.76.9
8.68.48.8
11.211.4●9,2
6.710,59.8
●8.7
ls~btotals mey not add to totaI due to rounding. Total includes unknowns for family income, education Of head Of fOISSiiY,usual activitY status,arsd limitation of activity.
‘Includes unknowns.
26
Table 6. Number of casesof paralysis, complete or partial, reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selectedcharacteristics: United States, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, gerreraI qualifications, and information onthe reliab~lty of the estimates are given in appendix 1. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Total 1...................................................................
Sax—
Male ......................................................................................Female ..................................................................................
Color
White ........................... .................................... .....................All other ...............................................................................
Family income
Lessthan $3,000 ..................................................................@[email protected] ............................ ................ .................... ......$5.~0.$6.999 ......................................................... .............$7.000.$9.999 ............................ ..........................................$lo.ow.$14.999 ......... .........................................................$16,000 or more ...................................................................
Education of head of famil y
Lessthan 9 years ................. .................................................9-11 years .............................................. ...............................12 years ................................................................................13 years or mora ......o............................................................
Usual activity status
Usually workhrg (17 years and oar) . .... ................................Usually kaeping house (famale, 17 years and over) ...............Retired (45 years and ovar) ..................................................
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity ................................................................Cannot perform usual activity .........................................Can perform usual activity but limited in
amount or Hnd ................................... ..........................Can perform usual activity but limited in
outside activity .............................................................Not llmited2 ..... .............. .................. ....................................
Place of rasidance
All SMSA ... .......................................................................... .Central city ........................................... .... .............. .........Not central city ...............................................................
Outside SMSA .................................................. ....................Nonfarm ..........................................................................Farm ................................................................................
Geographic region
Notiheast ..............................................................................North Central ........................ ...............................................South ....................................................................................West......................................................................................
Number in thousands
I .532-
80372g
i .29E234
17~
263184174234349
508220388390
279354453
894421
312
161639
947501446586547
39
284397591260
121
6755
99●22
‘e●9*5●9
●3150
●16● 224338
. . .
. . .
. . .
84●11
48
’2538
70●33
375248●4
’15’33
53●21
353
188165
30053
*2649
●315168
102
676298
119
14462. . .
21976
80
84134
224125
1;:121
“8
6095
14553
470
270200
40367
6372424775
129
15263
138116
119125158
281122
113
45189
313172141157147
‘9
67127156
99
586
279309
49692
79133105
686068
27472
108117
*16167295
310211
72
’27278
340171169248230’16
122143237
87
Rate per 1,000 parsons
7.2
7.86.6
7.18.3
16.217,111.3
7.75.74.0
13.26.65.55.8
3.39.1
41.9
4.22.0
1.5
0.83.0
6.58.35.38.79.06.1
5.97.08.66.8
2.0
2.21.9
2.0●2.2
●3.4‘2.4●1.2●1.4*2.5
2.0
●1.8●2.1
2.02.0
. . .
. . .
. . .
1.4.*O.2
0.8
‘0.40.6
1.7●2.1
:;;2.7
●2.2
●1.1●2.12.6
●2 .0
4.1
4.53.7
4.04.6
*6.510.4+5.4
5.73.82.6
6.85.03.23.7
2.63.8. . .
2.50.9
0.9
0.71.5
3.75.0
:::5.1
●3.7
3.14.15.23.2
10.8
13.08.8
10.414.7
33.728.314.611.7
9.86.6
14.8
;::10,4
4.410,652,9
6.52.8
2.6
1.04.4
10.513.7
8.211.612.4●5.5
8.111.211.313.3
26.4
30.323.6
24.643.7
28.930.830.622.923.122.3
28.420.623.828.9
●5.915.637.7
13.99.5
3.2
*1.212.5
24.425.523.328.630.4
“23.6
22.723.932.424.3
Isubtotals may not add to total due to ro~n~ng. Total includes unknowrrs for family income, education of head of famfly, usual activity status,
and Iimitatiun of ~ctivity.21ncludes unknowns.
27
Table 7. Number of ceses of absence of major extremities reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000 persons, by am and selectedcharacteristics: United States, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix 11]
Characteristic
AH other ...............................................................................................................
Family income
Lessthan $5,000 ............................................................................. ................ .....$5,000-$9,999 ..................................................................... .... ............................ .$10,OOO or more .............................. .....................................................................
Education of head of family
Lessthan 12 years ........................................................................... .....................12 years or more ........................................................ .................... .......................
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 yeara and over) ................................................................ .....Retired (45 years and over)
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity ............................................................... ................ .. ...............Not Iimitedz .........................................................................................................
Place of residence
All SMSA .... .................................................................................................... .... ..Outaide SMSA ......................................................................................................
Geographic region
Notiheast .................... .................... ......................................................................North Central ............................................................. ............................ ..............%uth .................................................................................... ................................West.........................J............................................................................................
Number in thousands
358
252106
28770
8993
126
212?36
116114
122
206152
7154
17063
64
60● 23
66●I7
’11‘ 20
49
● 3449
51. . .
51●33
4836
*15*942
●18
136
109●27
118“18
● 244154
8149
5941
6452
8551
●34●2256
*24
138
8256
10435
54●32● 24
9737
●573
10137
7465
●23●2372
+21
mRate per 1,000 persons
1.7 0.6
2.51.0
1.62.5
3.42.41.0
3.01.0
1.410.5
1.10.6
1.42.3
1.51.02.51.6
0.8‘0.3
0.5●0,8
‘0.7‘0.8
0.5
‘0.60.5
0.9. . .
0.3‘0.2
0.50.8
‘0.5‘0.20.9
“0.7
3.1
5.3‘1.2
3.0“3.9
●5,45.92.0
4.61.9
1::;
1.91.2
2.83.8
●3.2+1.94.0
●3 .2
6.2
8.94,3
5.216.6
7.8‘5.0●4,3
::;
●1.99.3
4,51.7
5.37.8
‘4.3●3.89.8
●5.9
lsubtotal~ may not add to total due to rounding. Total includes unknowns for family income, education of head Of faIrIilY,usual actfiltY status,and fimitation of activity.
21ncludes unknowns.
28
Table 8. Number of cases of absence of entire finger(s) or toe(s) only reported in health interviews and rate Of cOn~tiOns Per 1,000 PersOns,by a9eand selected characteristics: United Statas, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionslized population. The survey design, general qualifications, snd information onthe reliability of,the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Male ........... .......................................................... ............................................ ..Female ...............................................................................................................
Color
White .................................................................................................................All other ................................................................ ............................................
Family income
Lassthan $3,000 ...............................................................................................$3,000-$4s99 ...................................................................................................$5.000.$6.999 ..................................................................................... ..............$7,000.$9,999 ...................................................................................................$lo.ooo.$14.999 ..............................................................................................-$15,000 or more ................................................................................................
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years ...............................................................................................9-11 years ..........................................................................................................12 years ...................................................... .......................................................13 years or mora .............o..i.............................................c.................................
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 years and over) ..................................................................Usually keeping house (female, 17 years and over) ............................................Retired (45 yaars and over) ...............................................................................
Limitation of activity
Limited In activity .......................................... .. .................................................Not limited2 ......................................................................................................
Place of residanca
All SMSA ,,, ,!.,, .!,.... ..,, ..................... ................................................................ ...Central city ...................................................................................................Not central city .......................................................... ..................................
OutsIda SMSA ............................................................................ .......................Nonfarm ..................................................................... ................ ..................Farm .............................................................................................................
Geographic region
Northeast ...........................................................................................................North Central ....................................................................................................South ......................................................................................... ........................West...........i .......................................................................................................
1,867
1,522“345
1,675191
95191204233375582
638338549303
1,044175427
8~
1,777
1,01743g
57585[75C
94
34!
5565(314
1666
543123
60284
’18●33
4365
192253
106111265171
484*27. . .
46620
376153224290259●31
116201219130
700
588112
62476
●33446886
138278
248143202
94
48160
106
●28672
406166240294253
41
121206264109
500
391110
44952
44114104814551
284648339
7988
321
“15486
235120115265243“22
107145173
75
Rate per 1,000 persons
8.8
14.93.1
9.16.8
8.812.412.510.49.26.7
16.~10.17.74.5
12.44.5
39.!
0.48.4
7.C7265
12.f12.L14.f
7.79.[9.{
82—
4.5
7.51.7
4.83.0
●2.8●3 .94.34.26.33.9
5.74.95.13.3
8.9●1.6
..<
0.34.2
3.73.73.76.462
●7.E
3.E5.14.t4.E
16.1
28.44.9
16.116.6
●17.717.319.521.318.014.3
24.219.714.4
8.4
17.7
3;:
●0.615.5
13.613.213#~
21 .E21.325.2
11.:18.219.C14.C
22.5
42.58.4
22.324.7
16.726.430.327.317.316.8
28.524.018.3
9.6
28.46.2
41.0
“0.721.8
16.917.915.931.832.1
‘28.8
19.924.223.620.9
l~ubtotals may not add to total d“e to rOundi”g. Total includes unknowns for family income, education Of head Of fam~y, usual act fiity status,
and limitation of ~ctivity.21ncludcs unknowns.
29
Table 9. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis) of back or spine reported in health interviews and rate of conditions per 1,000persons, by aga and selected characteristics: United States, 1977
[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, generaI qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Total 1............. ...........................
Sex—
Male ..... ............ ..........................................Female .......................................................
Color
White .........................................................All other ................................ ...... ..............
Family income
Lessthan $3,000 .......................................$3.mo.w.999 ............ ...............................$5.000.$6.999 ...........................................
~ $7.000.$9.999 ...........................! ...............$lo.ooo.$14.999 .........c....... ......................$15,000 or more ............ ........c... ................
Education of head of family
Less than 9 years .......................................9-11 years ..................................................12 years ...................... ...............................13 years or more ......... ...............................
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 years and over) ..........Usually keaping house (female, 17 years
and over) .............. .... ...................... ........Retired (45 years and over) .......................
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity .....................................Cannot perform usual activity .,..,.,.,,.,,,Can perform usual activity but
limited in amount or kind ........... .. .....Can parform usual activity but
limited in outside activity ..................Not Iimitedz ........... ...................................
Place of residenca
All SMSA..e .............................o...a..............Central city., .........................................Not central city ....................................
Outside SMSA ............ ...............................Nonfarm ...............................................Farm ..................... ................................
Geographic region
II I I I I
Number in thousands
9,365
4,1065,259
8,4796S6
76595a862
1,0291,6493,268
1,9411,53t2,8632,902
4,64E
2,75S761
2,39140C
1.43!
65(6,974
6,34;2,7fY3,58(3,01[2,77(
24~
2,0312,5%2.57t2,16!
309
93216
282●28
‘ 22●16*I73655
137
3837
12094
. . .
,... . .
81●2
*28
61228
20689
11810397●5
73966575
4,565
2,1062,457
4,152473
268339365610936
1,853
450675
1,6031,804
2,894
1,03s.,,
1,058119
631
3093,507
3,2871,3901,9061,2691,186
82
1,0231,2921,1001,150
1,007
I ,400I ,606
2,690316
214277256321519
I,122
791560846763
1,597
911326
883187
547
1492,123
1,936833
1,1031,071
945125
615799932660
940
357582
85090
127174145116104110
396183191153
128
482306
25764
156
38683
591281301348323●25
205227319190
545
148397
50539
114153
78473545
26761
10288
●27
328148
112●28
74
●9433
316165152228218●lo
116178162
89
[! I 1 1 1
Rate per 1,000 persons
44.1
40.147.9
46,131.4
70.662.352.945.840.437.6
50,646.040.443,4
55.1
70.972.2
11.31.9
6. 8
2.632.9
43. 845. 842. 444. 945. 539. 0
41.945.837.4 ~56.6
5.2
3.07.4
5.7*2.8
●9,4“4.2‘4.0
5,54.45.3
4.43.65.64.8
. . .
. .
. .
1.4●0.C
•o.~
o+
3.E
5.15.64.E5.35.5
●2.t
5.C6.(3.>7.[
52.7
60.355.0
55.335.9
72.372.064.056.751.747.8
45.854.751.655.4
63.1
63.1,..
12.21.4
7.3
3.640.5
54.355.353.648.949.937.9
53.255.639.770.0
69.4
67.670.9
69,369.2
114,6108.16??.179.667.657.6
77.377.260.468.1
58.9
77.3109.8
20.44.3
12.6
3.449.0
&l.866.283.679.579.777.1
57.570.567.288.5
65,9
~
57.672.2
66.065.0
91.470.365.454.554.451.6
68.876.261.556.0
56.6
72.762.1
18.04.5
10.9
2.747.9
65.867.364.665.966.0
“47.4
60.460.466.582.3
68.1
~
49.379.3
69.354.3
91.182.984.056,250.949.5
6s.874.270.758!9
‘63.1
80.951.1
14.0●3.6
9.2
*1.154.1
63.769.556,874.877.6
‘42.2
58.479.784.470.0
%.ubtotala may not add to totaf due to rounding. Tc.tal includes unknowns for family income, education of head of family, usual activity status,end limitation of actiity.
21ncludes unknowns.
30
Table 10. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of upper extrerqity or shoulder reported in health interviews and rate ofconditions per 1,000 persons, by age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977
[Data arc based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionslized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms sre given in appendix H]
Characteristic
Total 1............. ......................................................
Male......................................................................................Female ........ .................................... ............ ..........................
C@r
White ..................................... .......... .....................................All other ................................ .............................................. .
Family income
Lessthan $3,000 ..................................................................$3.0w.$4.999 ...... ........................................................ ........$5,000.$6,999 ......................................................................$7.000.*.999 ...... .............................................. ..................$1WOO-$14,999 ........................................ ..........................$15,000 or mora ...................................................................
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years ..................................................................9.11 years .i...........................................................................12 yaars ................................................................................13 years or mOre ...................................................................
Usual activity status
Usually working (17 years and over] .....................................Usually kaeplng house (female, 17 years and ovar) ...............Retired (45 years and over) ............................................. .....
Limitation of activity
Limited in activity ................................................ .......... ......Cannot perform usual activity .........................................Can perform usual activity but Iimitad in
amount or kind .............................................................Can perform activity but limited in
outside activity .............................................................Not limlted2 .................................................... .....................
Placa of rasidanca
All SMSA ..............................................................................Cent?al city .................................. ....................................Not central city ......................... ......................................
Outside SMSA ................................................................. .....Nonfarm .... ......................................................................Farm ................................................................................
Geographic region
Northeast ..............................................................................North Central ................................................................... ....South ....................................................................................Wast................................................................................. .....
Under65
All 17-44 45-64 yearsages 17 years years and
years overII I I I
Number in thousands
2,50C
1,48C1,014
2,26121 g
21831C270308432755
589405794678
1,166601332
53697
244
1961,964
1,637760877863787
77
602669725485
69
36
95●la
“6●2
●1O●9
●1651
“19●13’34
39
. . .
. . .
. . .
’17‘8
‘2
‘788
68●323637
●33●4
●26●26●28*25
934
671254
84491
658186
114218317
86133358354
638104...
233● 24
110
98702
673301371262245*17
238220286191
827
475
34.!
755
72
61817387
143319
223140266185
453199106
169’33
71
65658
549250298278253●25
182244240161
634
268366
58846
86147102995568
261119137100
z226
118●32
61
‘ 24516
347176172286256“31
156199171108
II I I I
Rate per 1,000 persons
11.8
14.59.2
12.47.8
20.120.216.613.710.68.7
15.412.111.210.1
13.815.430.7
2.50.5
1.2
0.99.3
11.312.610.412.812.912.1
12.4I2.2I0.512.7
1.8
2.31.2
1.9*1.O
●2.6‘0.5●2.3●1.4●1.32.0
●2.2●1.3●1.62.0
. . .
. . .
. . .
‘0.3+0.1
“0.0
+0.11.5
1.7●2.O
1.51.9
●1.9●2.2
●2.O●1.6+1.4●2.3
10.8
16.05.9
11.27.9
16.317.215.112.712.0
8.2
8.810.811.610.9
11.76.3. . .
2.7“0.3
1.3
1.18.1
11.112.010.410.110.3●7.8
12.49.5
10.311.6
19.1
23.115.4
19.515.8
32.731.925.421.618.616.4
21.819.319.016.5
16.716.935.5
3.9‘0.8
1.6
1.515.2
le.419.917.220.621.3
‘1 5.4
17.021.517.321.6
28.5
29.128.0
28.221.9
32.634.028.733.421.222.3
27.134.130.124.7
27.527.926.9
5.3●1.4
2.7
●1.123.2
24.926.323.834.433.9
‘40.6
28.033.223.430.2
lSubtOt~,q may not add to tOta] due tO rOunding. TotaJ includes unknowns for family inCOme, education Of head Of faIIrflY, usu~ activitY status.sndJimitatiOn of sctivity.
%cludcs unknowns;
31
Table 11. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence) of lower extremity or hip reported in health interviews and rate of corsrlitionsper1,000 persons,by age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977
[Data arc based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, and information an thereliabMity of the estimates are given in appendix 1. Definitions of terms are given in appendix H ]
Characteristic
Total 1 ........ ......... ...... ........................ .. ..
g
Male ......................................................................Female ..................................................................
Color—
White ....................................................................All other ...............................................................
Family income
Lessthan $3.000 ...................................................$3,000-$4,999 .........i ...................!.......................!$5,000-$6,999 .........t.................c..........................$7,000-$9,999 .....................!... cc.............c.............$10,000-$14,999 ......................c...........................$15,000 or mOre...................................................
Education of head of family
Lessthan 9 years...................................................9-11 yeers ....................................c........................12 years ...................................................c............13 years or more ...................................................
Usual activity status
Preschool (under 6years) ......................................School age (6.16 years) .........................................Usually working (17 years a.ld over) .....................Usually keeping housa (female, 17 years
and ovar)............................................................Retired (46 years and oar).,...,., ...........................Other (17 years and ovar)z ...................................
Limitation of activity
Cennot perform usualactivity ...............................Can perform usualactivity but limited in
amount and kind................................................Can parform usualactivity but limited in
outside activity ,,,.,,..!.,,,,,,,,, .......!.......,,,, ,.,,, ...,.,.Not Iimitedz ..,.,..,,,.,, ............................................
Place of residence
All SMSA ..............................................................Cantral city ......o..........................................c....Not central city ................................................
Outside SMSA ,,.., ,,.,..,,,,,,,, ,.,.,.. !,,,., ,,,... ,.,.,,,.,,,...,.,Nonfarm ..........................................................Farm ................. ...............................................
Geographic region
Northeast ..............................................................North Central........................................................South ....................................................................West....................................a.................................
7,147
3,6433,504
6,250896
772810640803
1,2562,273
1,6741,2262,0812,080
480645
2,661
1,781775815
481
762
6556,248
4,9002,2662,6342,2472,059
188
1,7392,0222,1361,260
1,124
634490
972163
687564
103261482
121166419400
480645. . .
.,.
.,.,.,
“6
“28
831,009
776301475348317●32
299342341142
Number in thousands
2,491
1,4661,025
2,185306
198194207285493694
248418640966
. . .
. . .1,588
351. . .
551
65
225
3321,868
1,814805
1,009677635
41
587730669505
1,914
951963
1,659255
204156138238356543
586337561418
. . .
. . .653
682222157
163
251
1651,336
1,302639663612555
57
437541604332
899
370629
782117
133187139108107102
358184166176
. . .
. . .99
444319
38
125
129
37609
580296286319282
37
238207309146
718=
222496
65365
17118892684152
36211891
121
. . .
. . .“11
404234
69
123
129
39427
427226201291270“21
178202214125
Rate per 1,000 persons
33.7
35.631.9
34,031.7
71.352.739.236.730.826.2
43,636.729.431.1
26.015.631.4
45.771.744,9
2.3
3.6
3.124.7
33.837.531.233.433.828.5
35.935.731.032,7
18.6
20.816.7
19.515.2
29.119.714,915,821.018.8
14.016.319,721.0
26.015.6
. . .
. . .
. . .
.!.
●0.1
‘0.5
1.416.8
19.218.919.517.817.9
“17.6
22.821.417.013.2
26.8
35.022.9
29,126,6
49.741.236.331.727.225.6
25.333.927.129,7
. . .
. . .26.1
21.3..<
35.2
0.8
2.6
3.821.6
29.932.128.426,126.718.9
30.531.424.130.8
44.1
46.942.5
42.866.8
109.261.448.159.046.333.0
57.246.440.037.3
. . .
. . .35.2
49.474.3
106.3
3.8
6.8
3.830.8
43.650,838.345.446.835.1
40.947.743.644.5
63.0
59.765.6
60.784,6
95.779.662.750.756.047.8
62276.664.464.4
. . .
. . .43.7
67.064.786.8
8.8
9.0
2.642.7
64.668.461.260.459.470.2
70.155.164.463.2
89.7
74.099.1
89,690.5
136.7101.8
75.581.359.767.1
93.3108.163.191.9
. . .
. . .“25.7
99,380.8
112.4
15,4
16.1
4.963.3
86.195,277.896,696.1
“86.6
89.690.585.098.3
lsubtota]s may not add to total due to rounding. TOtll includes unknowns for family income, education Of head Of familY. usual activity struus, undlimitation of activity.
‘Includes unkno-wns.
32
Tablo 12. Number of orthopedic impairments (except paralysis or absence), other and multiple, NEC, and illdefined, of limbs, back, or trunkreported inhealth interviews and rate of conditons per 1,000 persons, byageend selected cheracteriatics: United States, 1977
[Data arc bascdon household intewie\vs of thecivifian noninstitutiondized population. Thesuwey design, general qualifications, andinformationonthereliability of theestimates aregiven in appendix I. Definitions ofterms aresiven inappendix II]
Characteristic
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Sex—
Color
Family income
Less thnn $3,000 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$3rooo.$4.999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .$5,000-$6,999 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
$7.000.$9.999 . . ..! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$lo.om.$14`999 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .$16,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Education of nead of family
Usual activity status
Usudlly worlung (17 years and over) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Usually kwping house (female, 17 years and over) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Rutimd (45 years and over) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Limitation of activity
Cannot pt.wform usual activity . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cdn perform usual actiwty but limited m amount or kind .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .
Can perform usual activity but limited in outside activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not limited2 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Number in thousands
,21 ?
651
561
,Or)f
207
1%
17C
10[134
201
31:
19:34/
30(
50{
33!
20(
z?,
32[I 2[
54[
82
41:
40!
39(
30’
27:37!
26,
512
305
207
423
89
44
64
47
54
106
166
54
75
180
194
314
85
. . .
52
124
76
261
379
170
208
134
137
115
150
110
441
240
201
367
74
44
57
36
51
67
131
161
78
119
81
168
118
94
96
137
36
172
291
160
131
150
101
101141
99
259
106
153
215
44
64
55
●21
●29
● 28
’15
139
39
45
“30
“8
131
106
66
56
●13
114
153
83
71
106
63
56
84
55
ERate per 1,000 persons
5.7
6.4
5.1
5.5
7,3
14.C
11.46,5
6.C4.g
3.e
9.>
5.E4.~
4.C
6.C
8.618.!
1.(1 .[
O.f2.[
5.;
6.[
4.[
5.[
6.:
4.[5./6.{
3.5
4.2
2.8
3.4
4.1
7.0
7.5
4.7
3.5
3.5
2.6
2.9
3.3
3.4
3.6
5.8
5.2
. . .
0.4
0.8
0.5
1.8
3.7
4.1
3.5
2.9
4.2
2.9
3.1
4.0
10.2
11.6
8.9
9.5
16.2
23.6
22.4
13.2
12.7
8.7
6.7
15.7
10.7
8.5
7.2
6.9
10.0
31.5
2.2
3.2
0.8
4.0
9.7
12.7
7.6
11.1
9.4
8.9
10.2
13.3
11.6
11.6
11.7
10.7
20.9
24.2
12.7
*6.1
●9.6
● 10.8
●4.9
14.4
11.2
9.9
*7.4
‘3.0
12.2
13.5
3.0
3.0
“0.6
5.1
11.012.4
9.8
12.7
11.7
9.3
11.5
15.4
lsuhtotal~ ~a}, nnt add to totaI due to rnunding. Tntal includes unknnwns fnr family income, educatinn Of head Of famflY, usuaI activitY status,
and limitation of &tivity.21ncIudcs unknowns.
NOTE: NEC = not elsewhere classified.
33
Table 13. Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by age and selected characteristics: United States, 1977
[Data ere besed on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionaliaed population. The survey design, generel qualifications, and information onthe reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]
Characteristic
Total 1 ...........................................................................
Sex—
Male .......................................... ....................................................Female ....................................................... ............ .. .....................
Color
All other ........................................................................................
Family income
Lessthan $5,000 ........................................ ...................................Lessthan ~.~ ......................................................................$3.0w44999 ....................................................................... ...
$5,000ormore .............................................................................$5,000-$9$99..........................................................................
$5,000-$6r899.....................................................................$7,000-$9,999.....................................................................
$10,000 or”more .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$lo.om.$14.w9 .............................. ................ ............ .......$15,000 or more .................................................................
Education of head of family
Lessthan 12 yaars .........................................................................Lessthan 9 years ......................................................................9.11 years ................................................................................c
12 years and more .................................. .......................................12 years................................................................................. ...13 years or more ......................................................................
Usual activity status
Preschool (under 6 years) ...... ...................... ..................................School age (6-16 years) .................................................................Usually working (17 years and over) .............................................Usually keeping house (famala, 17 years and over) ........................Retired (45 years and over) ...........................................................Other (17 years and over) 2............................................................
Place of residence
All SMSA ......................................................................................Central city ..................................... .............................. .........../dot central city .....................d.............. ...... ..............................
Outsir& SMSA ...................................... ............ ...... .......................Nonfarm ,... ............ ................................. ..................... .............Farm ............................................. ...........................................
Geographic region
Northeast ......................................................................................North Central ................................................................................South ......................................................... ................ .... ...............West ........................................................o...............c............ .........
TAllUndar
ages 17years
I1744 45-64years years
65yearsandover
Under45
years
65-74years
.—
75yearsandovar
II I I I 1 1 I
Number of persons in thousands
212,153
102,384108,769
I83,91O28,243
26,21110,83015,381
166,52?338,79516,30622,489
127.73440,81986,914
71,73238,38333,369
137,73570,87266,862
18,48341,42584,33738,93410,81118,16 2
144,88 860,36 584,52 387,26 560,89 8
6,36 7
48,44 256,57 468,90 63633 0
+
59,908 86,620
30,54728,362
49,64910,060
41,94044,680
75,10611,514
6,1512,3393,811
48,64710,7974,2976,500
38,05012,41925,630
8,6913,9824,708
71,58714,694
5,7028,992
56,88418,11838,776
18,945 22,1588,666 9,818
10,280 12,33940,303 63,61521,258 31,05319,044 32,562
18,483 . . .47,425 . . .
. . . 54,538
. . . 16,452
. . . . . .
. . . 15,632
40,38015,96724,41319,52817,714
1,615
13,13016,00120,01210,766
60,68925,11335,57625,93223,765
2,166
19,23723,24227,71916,422
43,357
20,70022,657
38,7924,566
4,4081,8682,540
34,0506,9032,8724,031
27,1477,683
19,454
17,494
7;25725,22214,01611,206
. . .
. . .27,11011,783
2,9871,477
28,87912,58417,28513,47911,857
1,622
10,69611,34013,860
7,461
?2,266
9,19713,070
?0,1632,103
6,9612,6414,320
12,0446,4013,4362,9665,6432,5993,044
13,1359,8423,4938,5954,&164,050
. . .
. . .2,691
10,6997,8241,053
13,9416,7017,2406,3267,562
764
5,3805,9907,3163,561
146,528
72,46774,042
124,95521,574
14,8426J216,521
120,43425,491
9,99815,49294,94330,53764,408
41,10318,46422,619
103,91852,31151,607
18,48341,42554,53616,452
. . .15,632
101,06941,08059,98945,46041,479
3,981
32,36639,24347,73727,188
4,259
6,1968,063
2,8751285
3,6651,3902,4758,3924,3462,2162,1304,0461,9122,133
8,q 615,7602,4015,8383,1042,734
. . .
. . .2,2636,6304,928
438
8,9824,3264,6565,2784,751
527
3,3943,7574,7982,310
3,007
3,0005,007
7,288718
3,0961,2511,6463,6522,0551,219
8361,697
687910
4,9743,8821,0822,7571,4421,316
. . .
. . .428
4,0692,896
614
4,9692,3752,5833,0482,811
237
1$862,2332,6171,271
lsu~tota,~ may not add to totel due to rounding. Total includes unknowrra for family inCOme, education Of head Of familY, usual activitv ‘tatUs.and limitation of activity.
21ncludes unknowns.
34
APPENDIXES
CONTENTS
I. Technical Notes on Methods ............................................................................. .......................... ....Background of Thk Report .................. ........ ........................................................................Statistical Design of the National Health Interview Suwey ......... ..........................................General Qualifications .......... ...... ...................... .................. ........ .... ......................................ReliabWy of Estimates ........................................................................................................
II. Definitions of Certain Terms Usedin TMs Report ............. ..............................................................Terms Relating to Conditions ........................... .......................................... ..........................Terms Relating to Disability ................................................................. ................................Terms Relating to Physician Vkits .. ................................. .....................................................Demographic Terns ....... .......................................................................................................
Classification of Impairments (X-Code) ...................................... ...................... ................ ........Hk.tory and Purpose .............................................................................................................Abbreviations and Special Use of Pmentheses .............. .. .. ................ .....................................X-Codes ................................................................................................................................
3636363839
4.5
2484851515151
III. Questions Used To Obtain Information About Imptiments ....................................................... .... 58
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES
L Relative standard errors for population chmactefistics ............ ............ .... ...... .......... ............ ........... 41
11. Relative standard errors of percentages of population chmactenstics .............................................. 42
HI. Relative standard errors for days of restricted activity or bed disability (A) and for days lost fromwork or school (B)............. .......................................... .................................... ............................. 43
35
Background of This Report
APPENDIX I
TECHNICAL NOTES ON METHODS
This report is one of a series of statisticalreports prepared by the National Center forHealth Statistics (NCHS). It is based on infor-mation collected in a continuing nationwide
sample of households in the National HealthInterview Survey (NHIS).
The National Health Interview Survey uti-lizes a questionnaire which obtains informationon personal and demographic characteristics,illnesses, injuries, impairments, chronic condi-tions, and other health topics. As data relatingto each of these various broad topics aretabulated and analyzed, separate reports areissued which cover one or more of the specifictopics.
The population covered by the sample forthe National Health Interview Survey is thecivilian, noninstitutionalized population of theUnited States living at the time of the interview.The sample does not include members of theArmed Forces or U.S. nationals living in foreigncountries. It should aJso be noted that theestimates shown do not represent a completemeasure of any given topic during the specifiedcalendar period since data are not collected inthe interview for persons who died during thereference period. For many types of statisticscollected in the survey, the reference periodcovers the 2 weeks prior to the interview week,For such a short period, the contribution bydecedents to a total inventory of conditions orservices should be very small. However, thecontribution by decedents during a long refer-ence period (e.g., 1 year) might be sizable,especially for older persons.
Statistical Design of the NationalHealth Interview Survey
General plan.–The sampling pkm of thesurvey follows a multistage probability designwhich permits a continuous sampling of thecivilian noninstitutionalized population of theUnited States. The sample is designed in such away that the sample of households interviewedeach week is representative of the tar.get popula-tion and that weekly samples are additive overtime. This feature of the design permits bothcontinuous measurement of characteristics ofsamples and more detailed analysis of Icss com-mon characteristics and smaller catcgoriw ofhealth-related items. The continuous collectionhas administrative and operational advantages aswell as technical assets since it permits field-work to be handled with an experienced, stablestaff.
The overall sample was designed so thattabulations can be provided for each of the fourmajor geographic regions and for selected placesof residence in the United States.
The first stage of the sample desi,gn consistsof drawing a sample of 376 primary samplingunits (PSU’5) from approximately 1,900 geo-graphically defined PSU’S. A PSU consists of acounty, a small group of contiguous counties, ora standard metropolitan statistical area. ThePSU’S ,collectively cover the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia.
With no loss in general understanding, theremaining stages can be combined and treated inthis discussion as an ultimate stage. WithinPSU’S, then, ultimate stage units called segmentsare defined in such a manner that each segment
36
contains an expected six households. Three gen-eral types of segments are used.
Area segments which are defined geographi-cally.
Lkt segments, using 1970 census registers asthe frame.
Permit segments, using updated lists ofbuilding permits issued in sample PSU’Ssince 1970.
Census address listings were used for all areas ofthe country where addresses were well definedand could be used to locate housing units. Ingeneral the list frame ‘included the larger urbanm-eas of the United States from which abouttwo-thirds of the NHIS sample was selected.
The usual NHIS sample consists of approxi-mately 12,000 segments containing about 50,000ussigncd households, of which 9,000 were vacant,clcrnulishcd, or occupied by persons not in thescope of the survey. The 41,000 eligible occupiedhouseholds yield a probability sample of about120,000 persons.
Descriptive material on data collection,field procedures, and questionnaire developmentin the NHIS has been published 1~10 as well as adetailed description of the sample design 11 andi.I report on the estimation procedure and themethod used to calculate sampling errors ofestimates derived from the survey. 1Z
Collection of data. –Field operations forthe survey are performed by the U.S. Bureau ofthe Census under specifications established bythe National Center for Health Statistics. In ac-cordance with these specifications the Bureau ofthe Census participates in survey planning, se-lects the sample, and conducts the field inter-viewing as an agent of NCHS. The data arecoded, edited, and tabulated by NCHS.
Estimating procedures. –Since the design ofthe NHIS is a complex multistage probabilitysample, it is necessary to use complex pro-cedures in the derivation of estimates. Fourbasic operations are involved.
1. Inflation rby the reciprocal of the probabilityo~’selection. -The probability of selection isthe product of the probabilities of selection
NOTE: A list of references follows the text,
2.
3.
4.
toofby
from each step of selection in the design(PSU, segment, and household).
Nonresponse adjust merit. -The estimates areinflated by a multiplication factor which hasas its numerator the number of sample house-holds in a given segment and as its denomina-tor the number of households interviewed inthat segment.
Firs t-stage ratio adjustment. —Samplingtheory indicates that the use of auxiliary in-formation which is highly correlated with thevariables being estimated improves the re-liability of the estimates. To reduce the vari-ability between PSU’S within a region, theestimates are ratio adjusted to the 1970populations within 12 color-residence classes.
Poststra tifica tio n by age-sex-color. –The esti-mates are ratio adjusted within each of 60age-sex-color ce[k to an independent estimateof the population of each cell for the surveyperiod. These independent estimates are pre-pared by the Bureau of the Census. Both thefirst-stage and poststratified ratio adjust-ments take the form of multiplication factorsapplied to the weight of each elementary unit(person, household, condition, andhospitalization).
The effect of the ratio-estimating process ismake the sample more closely representativethe civilian noninstitutionalized populationage, sex, color, and residence, which thereby
redu;es sampling variance.As noted, each week’s sample represents
the population living during that week and char-acteristics of the population. Consolidation ofsampIes over a time period, for exampIe, acalendar quarter, produces estimates of averagecharacteristics of the U.S. population for thecalendar quarter. SimiIarIy, population data fora year are averages of the four quarterly figures.
For prevalence statistics, such as number ofpersons with speech impairments or number ofpersons classified by time interval since lastphysician visit, figures are first calculated foreach calendar quarter by averaging estimates forall weeks of interviewing in the quarter. Prev-alence data for a year are then obtained byaveraging the four quarterly figures.
37
interview. However, estimates of the number of persons with hospital episodes (as opposed to estimates of the number of hospital discharges)
For other types of st atistics-nam ely those measuring the number of occurrences during a specified time period-such as incidence of acute conditions, number of disability days, or num- ber of visits to a doctor or dentist, a similar computational procedure is used, but the statis- tics are interpreted differently. For these items, the questionnaire asks for the respondent’s ex- perience over the 2 calendar weeks prior to the week of interview. In such instances the esti- mated quarterly total for the statistic is 6.5 times the average 2-week estimate produced by the 13 successive samples taken during the period. The annual total is the sum of the four quarters. Thus the experience of persons inter- vz’ewed during a year-experience which actually occurred for each person in a 2-calendar-week interval prior to week of interview-is treated as though it measured the total of such experience during the JJear. Such interpretation leads to no s significant bias.
are bas ed on 12-month son’s 1 2-mon h exnerien
recall data since a per- be obtained nnot ces ca
bY doubling h s i most recent 6-month experience.
General Qualifications
Nonresponse. --Data were adjusted for non- response by a procedure which imputes to per- sons in a household who were not interviewed the characteristics of persons in households in the same segment who were interviewed.
The interview process.--The statistics pre- sented in this report are based on replies ob- tained in interviews with persons in the sample households. Each person 19 years of age and over present at the time&of interview was inter- viewed individually. For children and for adults not present in the home at the time of the inter- view, the information was obtained from a re- Explanation of hospital recall. -The survey
questionnaire uses a 12-month-recall period for hospitalizations. That is, the respondent is asked to report hospitalizations which occurred during the 12 months prior to the wee(k of interview. Information is also obtained as to the date of entry into the hospital and duration of stay. Analvsis of this information, and also the results of siecial. studies, has shown that there is an increase in underreporting of hospitalizations with increase in time interval between the dis- charge and the interview. Exclusive of the hospi- tal experience of decedents, the net underreport- ing with a 12-month recall is in the neighbor- hood of 10 percent, but underreporting of dis- charges within 6 months of the week of inter- view is estimated to be less than 5 percent. For this reason h ospital discha rge data in this report are based on hospital disch arges rep or ted t o have
lated household moth er of a chil
member such as a spouse or the d .
There are limitations to the accuracy of diagnostic and other information collected in h o u s ehold interviews. For diagnostic infor- mation, the household respondent can usually pass on to the interviewer only the information the physician has given to the family. For condi- tions not medically attended, diagnostic infor- mation is often no more than a description of symptoms. However, other facts, such as the number of disability days caused by the condi- tion, can be obtained more accurately from household members than from any other source since only the persons concerned are in a posi- tion to report this information.
Rounding of numbers. -The original tabula- tions on which the data in this show all estimates to the n eares
report are base d e un it. A 11 occurred within 6 months
view. Sin ce the i n terview 0 f the week of inter-
were evenly distrib- bt who1
consolidations were made from the original tabulations using the estimates to the nearest unit. In the final published tables, the figures are rounded to the nearest thousand, although these
uted according to weekly probability samples throughout any interviewing year, no seasonal bias was introduced by doubling the 6-month- recall data to produce an annual estimate for that year of interviewing. Doubling the 6-month data in effect imputes to the entire year preced- ing the interview the rate of hospital discharges actually observed during the 6 months prior to
are not net essaril y vised st .atist its such
accurate to that detail. De- and percent distri- as rates
butions are computed after the estimates on which these are based have been rounded to the nearest thousand.
I
Population figures. -Some of the publishedtables include population figures for specifiedcategories. Except for certain overall totals byage, sex, and color, which are adjusted to in-dependent estimates, these figures are based onthe sample of households in the NHIS. These aregiven primarily to provide denominators for ratecomputation, and for this purpose are more ap-propriate for use with the accompanying meas-ures of health characteristics than other popula-tion data that may be available. With the excep-tion of the overall totals by age, sex, and colormentioned above, the population figures differfrom figures (which are derived from differentsources) published in reports of the Bureau ofthe Census. Official population estimates arepresented in Bureau of the Census reports inSeries P-20, P-25, and P-60.
Reliability of Estimates
Since the statistics presented in this reportare based on a sample, they will differ somewhatfrom the figures that would have been obtainedif a complete census had been taken using thesame schedules, instructions, and interviewingpersonnel and procedures.
As in any survey, the results are also sub-ject to reporting and processing errors and errorsdue to nonresponse. To the extent possible,these types of errors were kept to a minimum bymethod; built into survey procedures.5 Al-though it is very difficult to measure the extentof bias in the National Health Interview Survey,a number of studies have been conducted tostudy this problem. The results have beenpublished in several reports.z~s Y18$14
The standard error is primarily a measureof sampling variability, that is, the variationsthat might occur by chance because only asample of the population is surveyed. As calcu-lated for this report, the standard error also re-flects part of the variation which arises in themeasurement process. It does not include esti-mates of any biases which might be in the data.The chances are about 68 out of 100 that anestimate from the sample would differ from acomplete census by less than the standard error.The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
difference would be less than twice the standarderror and about 99 out of 100 that it would beless than 2?4 times as large.
Standard error charts. –The relative stand-ard error of an estimate is obtained by dividingthe standard error of the estimate by the estimateitself and is expressed as a percentage of the esti-mate. For this report, asterisks are shown for anycell with more than a 30-percent relative stand-ard error. Included in this appendix are chartsfrom which the relative standard errors can bedetermined for estimates shown in the report.In order to derive relative errors which would beapplicable to a wide variety of health statisticsand which could be prepared at a moderate cost,a number of approximations were required. As aresult, the charts provide an estimate of the ap-proximate relative standard error rather than theprecise error for any specific aggregate or per-centage.
Three classes of statistics for the health sur-vey are identified for purposes of estimatingvariances.
1. Narrow range. –This class consists of(1) sta-tistics which estimate a poptilation attribute,e.g., the number of persons in a particularincome group, and (2) statistics for whichthe measure for a single individual duringthe reference period used in data collectionis usually either O to 1 on occasion maytake on the value 2 or very rarely 3.
2. Medium range. –This class consists of otherstatistics for which the measure for a singleindividual during the reference period usedin data collection will rarely lie outside therange O to 5.
3. ,Wide range. –This class consists of statisticsfor which the measure for a single individualduring the reference period used in datacollection can range from O to a number inexcess of 5, e.g., the number of days of beddisability.
In addition to classifying variables accord-ing to whether they are narrow-, medium-, orwide-range, statistics in the survey are furtherclassified as to whether they are based on a ref-erence period of 2 weeks, 6 months, or 12months.
39
General rules for determining relative stand-ard errors. —The following rules will enable thereader to determine approximate relative stand-ard errors from the charts for estimates pre-sented “in this report. These charts representstandard errors of NHIS data., They should beused in preference to the charts which haveappeared in all previous Series 10 publications.
Rule 1.
Rule 2.
Rule 3.
Rule 4.
Estimates oj” aggregates: Approximaterelative standard errors for estimates ofaggregates such as the number of per-sons with a given characteristic are ob-tained from appropriate curves, figuresI and III. The number of persons in thetotal U.S. population is adjusted toofficial Bureau of the Census figures andis not subject to sampling error.
Estimates of’ percentages in a percentdistribution: Relative stand~rd errorsfor percentages in a percent distributionof a total are obtained from appropriatecurves, figure II. For values which donot fall on one of the curves presentedin the chart, visual interpolation wiIlprovide a satisfactory approximation.
Estimates of rates where the numeratoris a subclass of the denominator: Thisrule applies for prevalence rates orwhere a unit of the numerator occurs,with few exceptions, only once in theyear fur any one unit in the denomi-nator. For example, in computing therate of visual impairments per 1,000population, the numerator consisting ofpersons with the impairment is a sub-class of the denominator, which in-cludes all persons in the population.Such rates if converted to rates per 100may be treated as though they were per-centages and the relative standard errorsobtained from the percent age charts forpopulation estimates. Rates per 1,000,or on any other base, must first be con-verted to rates per 100; then the per-centage chart will provide the relativestandard error per 100.
Estimates of rates where the numeratoris not a subclass of the denominator:This rule applies where a unit of the
numerator often occurs more than oncefor any one unit in the denominator.For exampie, in the computation of thenumber of persons injured per 100 cur-rently employed persons per year, it ispossible that a person in the denomi-nator could have sustained more thanone of the injuries included in the nu-merator. Approxin }te relative standarderrors for rates of this kind may becomputed as follows:
(a)
(b)
Where the denominator is the totalU.S. population or includes all per-sons in one or more of the age-sex-color groups of the total popu-lation, the relative error of the rateis equivalent to the relative error ofthe numerator, which can be ob-tained directly from the appro-priate chart.In other cases the relative standarderror of the numerator and of thedenominator can be obtained fromthe appropriate curve. Square eachof these relative errors, add the re-sulting values, and extract thesquare root of the sum. This pro-cedure will result in an upperbound on the standard error and of-ten will overstate the error.
Rule 5. Estimates of difference between twostatistics (mean, rate, total, etc.): Thestandard error of a difference is approx-imately the square root of the sum ofthe squares of each standard error con-sidered separately. A formula for thestandard error of a difference,
d = xl - .Y2
is
‘d =2 + (AI-2VJ
where X1 is the estimate for class 1, X2
is the estimate for class 2, and VX~ and
v~* are the relative errors of Xl and
40
Figure 1. RELATIVE STANDARD ERRORS FOR POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
10090807060
50
40
30
20
109
G& ;
Ct!g
o!X4lxIJJ3nE2aclza .:+ .8m .7
LU .6
> .5
~ .4
J 3u
K .2
.1
—,100—. ——-- –—--- ..ti+.: :-.-—: :.—-
z—.——.-. ++++++ —. -— —. k. 4++ —— —-. .-—. —++ . . . .——
-—+—.–—L .—. –.– L&; :-; r. 90
A.- d ..- .——. .— ___ +._ ____ #___——. —-l +.-
..- ———. — .—
L+~ ,
~, ~~?~:i’1
..z~:~++- ::–. —-+,-- **+t—---. ——~—- — *— ---- .+- ———
... .. —.+-. — . . .. . . ---. .. . .
—...+— + 1.—+. ..7 +.. .—..—. ...-.-+ *.— . ..-. -:_ .4..———,
-+----1-— +t-— - -–-+ —L4L+++.,. . —+ -4- L4-4-J-L+,4LL —A- ..+..-+ A dE=i%EE:
“----+ ----——’------ ‘ ‘!!!’!i;i!ll! , I I 1 11,1,1’1’ I ,,; ;,,, ,,
I , ( , 1 -+W’W-’-’l. . .—
.::
!“
. . . . Q’4AA+’:: --:
., .,. . l..++. .,i..i+. i’i!,
. . . . . . . -+.:L+ – :_ ;+, ~:+]fipJ!Jjri--t
:::-
.--.
:1, i’:l:,,,
w.i. l.
.... . .
.-
. .
—.
,., ,I 11,11[1[, I
.4
.4
.3
.2
.1
A 23 4 56789A 23 4 56789A 23 4 56789A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456: 89A
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
SIZE OF ESTIMATE (IN THOUSANDS)1This~me rePre~entsestimatesof relative standard errors based on 4 quarters of data collection for n~row range estimates
of population characteristics or narrow rsnge estimates of aggregates using a 12-month reference period
Example of use of chart: An estimate of 10,000,000 persons with annual family income of $15,000 or more, or 10,000,000persons who were hospitalized one or more times in the past year (on scale at bottom of chart) has a relative standard error of 1.7percent (read from scale at left side of chart), or a standard error of 170,000 (1.7 percent of 10,000,000).
.P
Figure Il. RELATIVE STANDARD ERRORS OF PERCENTAGES OFPOPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
(Base of percentage shown on curves in millions)100 .,. . . . .
nn, -,7 --r ..74. AL....+++,. .:. L. ..:...,, ..,.,. r 7t?’i+7Tti?+-fn 1 L —..
.. . x+ -L~&&-+; k.,.. L+k ..+ -- -L-A +--:--F -+ 4-MWJ-MH- ---4-
+L. :.l, !ll,l ) 1 IU I I >1 I1 F+
.1- ~-; -_ J --d J.. l !’ ..1... L. —: -.1.. :.: 1 L.i I.! LLI’
A 2 3 456? 8 9A 2 3 456789A 2 34
1 10 100
10090807060
50
40
30
.3
.2
.1
56789
20
10987
6
5
4
3
2
1.9.8.7
.6
.5
.4
ESTIMATED PERCENTAGElThese curves represent estimates of relative standard errors of percentages of population
characteristics based on 4 quarters of data collection for narrow range estimates.
Example of use of chart: An estimate of 20 percent (on scale at bottom of chart) based on anestimate of 10,000,000 has a relative standard error of 3.6 percent (read from the scale at the left sideof chart), the point at which the curve for a base of 10,000,000 intersects the vertical line for 20percent. The standard error in percentage points is equal to 20 percent X 3.6 percent, or 0.72percentage points.
42
Figure Ill. RELATIVE STANDARD ERRORS FOR DAYS OF RESTRICTED ACTIVITY OR BEDDISABILITY (A) AND FOR DAYS LOST FROM WORK OR SCHOOL (B)l
10J
8070
60
50
40
30
20
109a7
6
5
4
3
2
1.9.8.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
. .
.
.
:.
.,
. . . . . . . . . ......
. . . .. . ... . . . 4 : -- ,-. .-. -..-– LL >;. .>+ L .; ++ .. .
. . . ...... .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . . . .. .
. . . . .. .... . .
. . . . . .. . .. . . .. .
... . . .
. . . . --. ,!.4 ,,+. , L.,,..
. . .
...-
,,.. . .
4-- ,i-—+L. ,
.. +---
.,
. ... . . ,,,,
. .. . . ..,. . .... . .
. . . .. ...... .. .. . ..., ...-. .. :.. . ....... ..... :------- -–.. ... ... ..... . ...+
.. .. .
.!
. .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ....- . .
.—-. —. . . . . ...... ....
. . . . . . . . ... .. . .----- . ...,.- .. –.—..
1-ajLuE
.2
.1
A 23 4 56789A 2 3456789A’23 4 56789A 23 4 56789A 23 4 56789A
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
SIZE OF ESTIMATE IN THOUSANDS
1These curves represent estimates of relative standard errors based on 1 to 4 quarters of datacollection for wide range estimates of aggregates using a 2-week reference period.
Example of use of cb-t: An estimate of 10,000,000 days of restricted activity (on scale at bottom of chart) has a relative standard& error of 22- percent (read from curve A on scale at left side of chart), or a standard-error of 2,200,000 (22 percent of 10,000,000).
X2 re sp ectiveIy. This formuIa wiII imation in most other cases. The rekt-represent the actual standard error quite tive standard error of each estimateaccurately for the difference between involved in such a differenc~ can bc dc-separate and uncorrelated character- termined by one of the four rulesistics although it is only a rough approx- above, whichever is appropriate.
: 000
44
APPENDIX II
DEFINITIONS OF CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT
Terms Relating to Conditions
Condition.-A morbidity condition, orsimply a condition, is any entry on the question-naire that describes a departure from a state ofphysical or mental well-being. It results from apositive response to one of a series of “medical-dhmbility impact” or “illness-recall” questions.In the coding and tabulating process conditionsarc selected or classified according to a numberof different criteria such as whether they weremedically attended, whether they resulted indisability, or whether they were acute orchronic; or according to the type of disease,injury, impairment, or symptom reported. For
the purposes of each published report or set oftables, only those conditions recorded on thequestionnaire that satisfy certain stated criteriaarc included.
Conditions except impairments are classi-fied by type according to the Eighth RevisionInternational Classification of Diseases, AdaptedforUse in the United States, 15 with certainmodifications adopted to make the code moresuitable for a household interview survey.
.4cute condition. —An acute - condition isddincd as a condition that has lasted less than 3months and has involved either medical atten-tion or restricted activity. Because of the pro-wdurcs used to estimate incidence, the acuteconditions included in this report are the condi-tions that had their onset during the 2 weeksprior to the interview week and involved eithermedical attention or restricted activity duringthe 2-week period. However, excluded are thefollowing conditions that are aIways classified as
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
chronic even though the onset occurred within 3months prior to week of interview:
Allergy, anyArthritis or rheumatismAsthmaCancerCleft palateClub footCondition present since birthDeafness or serious trouble with hearingDiabetesEpilepsyHardening of the arteriesHay feverHeart troubleHemorrhoids or pilesHernia or ruptureHigh blood pressureKidney stonesMental illnessMissing fingers, hand, or arm–toes, foot, or legPalsyParalysis of any kindPermanent stiffness or deformity of the foot,
leg, fingers, arm, or backProstate troubleRepeated trouble with back or spineRheumatic feverSerious trouble with seeing, even when wearing
glasses and/or contact lensesSinus trouble, repeated attacks ofSpeech defect, anyStomach ulcerStrokeThyroid trouble or goiterTuberculosisTumor, cyst, or growthVaricose veins, trouble with
45
Chronic condition. –A condition is con-sidered chronic if (1) the condition is describedby the respondent as having been first noticedmore than 3 months before the week of theinterview or (2) it is one of the conditionsalways classified as chronic regardless of theonset (see list under the definition of acutecondition ).
h@airtnent.–Impairments are chronic orpermanent defects, usually static in nature,resulting from disease, kjury, or congenitalmalformation. They represent decrease or loss ofability to perform various functions, particularlythose of the musculoskeletal system and thesense organs. All impairments are classified bymeans of a special Supplementary Code forimpairments. Hence code numbers for impair-ments in the International Classification ofDiseases are not used. In the SupplementaryCode, impairments are grouped according totype of functional impairment and etiology. Theimpairment classification is shown on pages51-57.
incidence of conditions. –The incidence ofconditions is the estimated number of condi-tions having their onset in a specified timeperiod. As previously mentioned, minor acuteconditions involving neither restricted activitynor medical attention are excluded from thestatistics. The incidence data shown in somereports are further limited to various subclassesof conditions, such as “incidence of conditionsinvolving bed disability. ”
Onset of condition. –A condition is con-sidered to have had its onset when it was firstnoticed. This onset could be the time the personfirst felt sick or became injured, or it could bethe time when the person or his family was firsttold by a physician that he had a condition ofwhich he was previously unaware.
Activity -restrz”cting condition. —An activ-ity-restricting condition is one that had its onsetin the past 2 weeks and caused at least 1 day ofrestricted activity during the 2 calendar weeksbefore the interview week. (See “Restricted-activity day” under “Terms Relating to Disa-bility.”)
Bed-disabling condition.–A condition withonset in the past 2 weeks involving at least 1 dayof bed disability is called a bed-disabling condi-
tion. (See “Bed-disability day” under “TermsRelating to Disability.”)
Persons with chronic conditions. –The esti-mated number of persons with chronic condi-tions is based on the number of persons who atthe time of the interview were reported to haveone or more chronic conditions.
Terms Relating to Disability
Disability. –Disability is the general termused to describe any temporary or long-termreduction of a person’s activity as a result of anacute or chronic conditon.
Disability day.–Short-term disability daysare classified according to whether they are daysof restricted activity, bed days, hospital days,work-loss days, or school-loss days. All hospitaldays are, by definition, days of bed disability; alldays of bed disability are, by definition, days ofrestricted activity. The converse form of thesestatements is, of course, not true. Days lost fromwork and days lost from school are special termsthat apply to the working and school-age popu-lations only, but these too are days of restrictedactivity. Hence “days of restricted activity” isthe most inclusive term used to describe disa-bility days.
Restricted-activity day. –A day of re-stricted activity is one on which a person cutsdown on his usual activities for the whole ofthat day because of an illness or an injury. Theterm “usual activities” for any day means thethings that the person would ordinarily do onthat day. For children under school age, usualactivities depend on whatever the usual patternis for the child’s day, which will in turn beaffected by the age of the child, weatherconditions, and so forth. For retired or elderlypersons, usual activities might consist of almostno activity, but cutting down on even a smallamount for as much as a day would constituterestricted activity. On Sundays or holidays,usual activities are the things the person usuallydoes on those days–going to church, playinggolf, visiting friends or relatives, or staying athome and listening to the radio, reading, lookingat television, and so forth. Persons who havepermanently reduced their usual activities be-cause of a chronic condition might not report
46
any restricted-activity days during a 2-weekperiod. Therefore ?bsence of restricted-activitydays does not imply normal health.
Restricted activity does not imply com-plete inactivity, but it does imply only theminimum of usual activities. A special nap for anhour after lunch does not constitute cuttingdown on usual activities, nor does elimination ofa heavy chore such as cleaning ashes out of thefurnace or hanging out the wash. If a farmer orhousewife carries on only the minimum of theday’s chores, however, this is a day of restrictedactivity.
A day spent in bed or a day home fromwork or school because of illness or injury is, ofcourse, a restricted-activity day.
Bed-disability day.–A day of bed disabilityis one on which a person stays in bed for all ormost of the day because of a specific illness orinjury. All or most of the day is defined as morethan half of the daylight hours. All hospital daysfor inpatients are considered to be days of beddisability even if the patient was not actually inbed at the hospital.
Work-loss day.–A day lost from work is aday on which a person did not work at his job orbusiness for at least half of his normal workdaybecause of a specific illness or injury. Thenumber of days lost from work is determinedonly for persons 17 years of age and over whoreported that at any time during the 2-weekperiod covered by the interview they eitherworked at or had a job or business. (See“Currently employed” persons under “Demo-Smphic Terms.”)
School-loss day. –A day lost from school isa normal school day on which a child did notattend school because of a specific illness orinjury. The number of days lost from school isdetermined only for children 6-16 years of age.
Person day. –Person days of restrictedactivity, bed disability, and so forth are days ofthe various forms of disability experienced byany one person. The sum of days for all personsin a group represents an unduplicated count ofall days of disability for the group.
Condition day. -Condition days of re-stricted activity, bed disability, and so forth aredays of the various forms of disability associatedwith any one condition. Because any particular
day of disability may be associated with morethan one condition, the sum of days for condi-tions may add to more than the total number ofperson days.
Chronic activity limitation. –Persons areclassified into four categories according to theextent to which their activities are limited atpresent as a result of chronic conditions. Al-though the usual activities of preschool children,school-age children, housewives, and workersand other persons differ, a different set ofcriteria is used for each group. There is a generalsimilarity between them, however, as will beseen in the following descriptions of the 4categories:
1.
2.
Persons unable to carry on major activity fortheir group (major activity refers to ability towork, keep house, or engage in school orpreschool activities)
Preschool children:Inability to take part in ordinary play withother children.
School-age children:Inability to go to school.
Housewives:Inability to do any housework.
Workers and all other persons:Inability to work at a job or business.
Persons limited in amount or kind of majoractivity performed (major activity refers toability to work, keep house, or engage inschool or preschool activities)
Preschool children:Limited in amount or kind of play withother children, for example, need specialrest periods, cannot play strenuous games,or cannot play for long periods.
School-age children:Limited to certain types of schools or inschool attendance, for example, needspecial schools or special teaching or can-not go to school full time or for longperiods.
47
3.
4.
Housewives:Limited in amount or kind of housework,for example, cannot lift children, wash oriron, or do housework for long periods.
Workers and all other persons:Limited in amount or kind of work, forexample, need special working aids orspecial rest periods at work, cannot workfdl time or for long periods, or cannot dostrenuous work.
Persons not limited in major activity butotherwise limited (major activity refers toability to work, keep house, or engage inschool or preschool activities)
Preschool children:Not classified in this category.
School-age children:Not limited in going to school but limitedin participation in athletics or other extra-curricular activities.
Housewives:Not limited in housework but limited inother activities such as church, clubs,hobbies, civic projects, or shopping.
Workers and all other persons:Not limited in regular work activities butlimited in other activities such as church,clubs, hobbies, civic projects, sports, orgames.
Persons not limited in activities (includespersons whose activities are not limited inany of the ways described above)
Terms Relating to Physician Visits
Physician visit.–A physician visit is definedas consultation with a physician, in person or bytelephone, for examination, diagnosis, treat-ment, or advice. The visit is considered to be aphysician visit if the service is provided directlyby the physician or by a nurse or other personacting under a physician’s supervision. In thisdefinition “physician “ includes doctors of medi-cine and osteopathic physicians. The term“doctor” is used in the interview rather than“physician” because of popular usage. However,the concept toward which all instructions aredirected is that which is described here.
Physician visits for services provided on amass basis are not included in the tabulations. Aservice received on a mass basis is defined as anyservice involving only a single test (e.g., test fordiabetes) or a single procedure (e.g., smallpoxvaccination) when this single service was ad-ministered identically to all persons who were atthe designated place for this purpose. Henceobtaining a chest X-ray in a tuberculosis chestX-ray trailer is not included as a physician visit.However, a special chest X-ray given in aphysician’s office or in an outpatient clinic isconsidered a physician visit.
Physician visits to hospital inpatients arcnot included.
If a physician is called to a house to scemore than one person, the call is considered aseparate physician visit for each person aboutwhom the physician was consulted.
A physician visit is associated with theperson about whom the advice was sought, evenif that person did not actually see or consult thephysician. For example, if a mother consults aphysician about one of her children, the physi-cian visit is ascribed to the child.
Interval since last physician visit.–The in-terval since the last physician visit is the lengthof time prior to the week of interview that aphysician was last consulted in person or bytelephone for treatment or advice of any type. Aphysician visit to a hospital inpatient may becounted as the last time a physician was seen.
Demographic Terms
Age. –The age recorded for each person isthe age at last birthday. Age is recorded in singleyears and grouped in a variety of distributionsdepending on the purpose of the table.
Color. –The population is divided into twocolor groups, “white” and “all other. ” “Allother” includes Negro, American Indian,Chinese, Japanese, and any other race. Mexicanpersons are included with “white” unless defi-nitely known to be Indian or another race.
Income of family or of unrelated indi-viduals.—Each member of a family is classifiedaccording to the total income of the family ofwhich he is a member. Within the household allpersons related to each other by blood, mar-riage, or adoption constitute a family. Unrelated
48
individuals are classified according to their ownincome.
The income recorded is the total of allincome received by members of the family (orby ~ ~lllrelated individud) in the 12.month
pcriocl preceding the week of interview. Incomefrom all sources is included, for example, wages,sa.lmies, rents from property, pensions, and helpfrom relatives.
Educai:iorz. –The categories of educationst:ttus show the years of school completed. Onlyyears completed in regular schools, wherepm-sons arc given a formaI education, are in-cluded. A “reg~dar” school is one that advancesa person toward an elementary or high schooldiploma or a college, university, or professionalschool degree, Thus education in vocational,trade, or business schools outside the regularschool system is not counted in determining thehipjwst ~mdc of school completed.
Education of kcad of family or of unre-lated inclividuals. –Each member of a family isclassified according to the education of the headof the family of which he is a member. Withinthe houschold aI1 persons related TO each otherby blood, marriage, or adoption constitute afamily. Unrelated individuals are classified ac-cording to their own education.
Currently ewaplo yed. –Persons 17 years ofaqe and over who reported that at any time&ring the 2-week period covered by the inter-view they either worked at or had a job orbusiness are considered as currently employed.Current employment includes paid work as anemployee of someone else; self-employment inbusiness, l’arminS, or professional practice; andunpaid work in a family business or farm.Persons who were temporarily absent from a jobor business because of a temporary ihess,vwmtion, sti-ike, or bad weather are consideredas currently employed if they expected to workM soon as the particular event causing theabwncc no longer existed.
I?rcwlancc workers are considered to be cur-nmtly employed if they had a definite arrange-ment ~vith one employer or more to work forpay :wcording to a weekly or monthly schedule,cithc’r full time or part time.
Excluded from the currently employed popula-tion arc persons who have no definite employ-
ment schedule but work only when their servicesare needed. Also excluded from the currentlyemployed population are ( 1) persons receivingrevenue from an enterprise but not participatingin its operation, (2) persons doing housework orcharity work for which they receive no pay, (3)seasonal workers during the portion of the yearthey were! not working, and (4) persons whowere not working, although having a job orbusiness, but were on layoff or looking forwork.
The number of currently employed personsestimated from the National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) will differ from the estimatesprepared from the Current Population Survey(CPS) of the U.S. Bureau of the Census forseveraI reasons. In addition to sampling variabil-ity they include three primary conceptual dif-ferences, namely: ( 1) NHIS estimates are forpersons 17 years of age and over; CPS estimatesare for persons 16 years of age and over. (2)NHIS uses a 2-week reference period; CPS uses al-week reference period. (3) NHIS is a con-tinuing survey with separate samples takenweekly; CPS is a monthly sample taken for thesurvey week which includes the 12th of themonth.
Usual ac tiuity. –AI1 persons in the popula-tion are classified according to their usualactivity during the 12-month period prior to theweek of interview. The “usual” activity, if morethan one is reported, is the one at which theperson spent the most time during the 12-monthperiod. Children under 6 years of age areclassified as “preschool.” All persons aged 6-16years are classified as “school age. ”
The categories of usual activity used in thisreport for persons aged 17 years and over areusually working, usually going to school, usuallykeeping house, retired, and other activity. Forseveral reasons these categories are not com-parable with somewhat similarly named cate-gories in official Federal labor force statistics.First, the responses concerning usual activity areaccepted without detailed questioning becausethe objective of the question is not to estimatethe numbers of persons in labor force categoriesbut to identify crudely certain populationgroups that may have differing health problems.Second, the figures represent the usual activity
49
status over the period of an entire year, whereasofficial labor force statistics relate to a muchshorter period, usually 1 week. Third, theminimum age for usually working persons is 17in the National Health Interview Survey, and theofficial labor force categories include all personsaged 14 or older. Finally, in the definitions ofspecific categories that follow, certain marginalgroups are classified differently to simplifyprocedures.
Usually working includes persons 17 years of ageor older who are paid employees; self-employedin their own business, profession, or in farming;or unpaid employees in a family business orfarm. Work around the house or volunteer orunpaid work such as for a church is not countedas working.
Usually going to school includes persons 17years of age or older whose major activity isgoing to school.
Usually keeping house includes female persons17 years of age or older whose major activity isdescribed as “keeping house” and who cannotbe classified as “working.”
Retired includes persons 45 years old and overwho consider themselves to be retired. In case ofdoubt, a person 45 years of age or older iscounted as retired if he or she has eithervoluntarily or involuntarily stopped working, isnot looking for work, and is not described as“keeping house. ” A retired person may or maynot be able to work.
Other activity includes all persons 17 years ofage or older not classified as “working,” “re-tired, ” or “going to school,” and females 17years of age or older not classified as “keepinghouse. ”
Geopaphic region. –For the purpose ofclassifying the population by geographic area,the States are grouped into four regions. Theseregions, which correspond to those used by theU.S. Bureau of the Census, are shown below.
Region States Included
Northeast ....... ..... Maine, New Hampshire,Vermont, Massachusetts,Rhode Island, Connecticut,New York, New Jersey,Pennsylvania
North Central ......
South .................. ‘
West ............ ........
Michigan, Ohio, Indiana,Illinois, Wisconsin,Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,North Dakota, SouthDakota, Kansas, Nebraska
Delaware, Maryland,District of Columbia,Virginia, West Virginia,North Carolina, SouthCarolina, Georgia, Florida,Kentucky, Texas, Tennessee,Alabama, Mississippi,Arkansas, Louisiana,Oklahoma
Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,Colorado, New Me~ico, “Arizona, Utah, Nevada,Washington, Alaska, Oregon,California, Hawaii
Place of residence.–The place of residenceof a member of the civilian noninstitutionalbzedpopulation is classified as inside a standardmetropolitan statistical area (SMSA) or outsidean SMSA and either farm or non farm.
Standard metropolitan statistical areas. –The definitions and titles of SMSA’S are estab-lished by the U.S. Office of Management andBudget with the advice of the Federal Commit-tee on Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.There were 212 SMSA’S defined for the 1960decennial census.
The definition of an individual SMSA involvestwo considerations: first, a city or cities ofspecified population that constitute the centralcity and identify the county in which it islocated as the central county; second, economicand social relationships with contiguous counties(except in New England) that are metropolitanin character so that the periphery of the specificmetropolitan area may be determined. SMSA’Sare not limited by State boundaries. In NewEngland SMSA’S consist of towns and cities,rather than counties. The metropolitan popula-tion in this report is based on SMSA’S as definedin the 1960 census and does not include anysubsequent additions or changes.
Central cities. –Each SMSA must include atleast one central city. The complete title of an
50
SMSA identifies the central city or cities. If ordyone central city is designated, then it must have50,000 inhabitants or more. The area title mayinclude, in addition to the largest city, up to twocity names on the basis and in the order of thefollowing criteria: (1) the additional city has atleast 250,000 inhabitants or (2) the additionalcity has a population of one-third or more ofthat of the largest city and a minimum popula-tion of 25,000. An exception occurs where twocities have contiguous boundaries and consti-tute, for economic and social purposes, a singlecommunity of at least 50,000, the smaller ofwhich must have a population of at least 15,000.
Farm and nonfarm residence. –The popula-tion residing outside SMSA’S is subdivided intothe farm population, which comprises all non-SMSA residents living on farms, and the non-farm population, which comprises the remaining
CLASSIFICATION OF
History and Purpose
outside SMSA population. The farm populationincludes persons living on places of 10 acres ormore from which sales of farm productsamounted to $50 or more during the previous12 months or on places of Iess than 10 acresfrom which sales of farm products amounted to$250 or more during the preceding 12 months.Other persons living outside an SMSA wereclassified as nonfarm if their household paid rentfor the house but their rent did not include anyland used for farming.
Sales of farm products refer to the gross receiptsfrom the sale of fieId crops, vegetables, fruits,nuts, livestock and livestock products (milk,wool, etc. ), poultry and poultry products, andnursery and forest products produced on theplace and sold at any time during the preceding12 months.
IMPAIRMENTS (X-Code) “
The X-Code fox special impairments by type, site, and etiology was developed in 1955-56 by the,at that time, Divisi@ of Public Health Methods of the Public Health Service. This classificationprovides–in the relatively simple detail required for household health surveys-a method of codingcertain residuals of diseases and injuries so that both the present effect and the underlying cause couldbe reilected within one diagnostic code. The National Health Interview Survey has used this X-Code,making very few changes in it, since the beginning of the survey and will use it instead of the presentICDA for the coding of impairments.
Abbreviations and Special Use of Parentheses
NOS = not otherwise specifiedNEC = not elsewhere classified
.
In addition to the usual purpose, parentheses are used to enclose words or phrases that may ormay not be specified but, if used with a given diagnosis, do not change the code assignment of thatdiagnosis. For example, “paralysis (complete) both legs X44” means that the code number is X44whether or not the modifier “complete “ is specified; “glaucoma (congenital)” means that congenitalglaucoma is coded in the same manner as glaucoma not specified as congenital.
CLASSIFICATION OF IMPAIRMENTS, BY TYPE AND SITE (XOO-X99)
(The lists of l-digit etiology codes are shown following X99)
X-Codes
XOO-X05 Impairment of Vision
Xoo Visual impairment: Inability to read ordinary newspaper print with glasses, and impairmentindicating no useful vision in either eye
51
Xo1 Blind in one eye, other eye defective, but not blindX02 Blind in one eye, other eye good or not mentionedX03 Visual impairment NEC, in both eyesX05 Impaired vision except as in XOO-X03
X06-X09 Impairment of Hearing
X06 Deafness, total, both ears, including deaf-mutismIncludes persons, with or without speech, who are completely deaf.
X07 Hearing 10SSor impairment involving both ears not codable to X06X08 All hearing loss or impairment involving only one earX09 Hearing loss, complete or partial, or impairment for which it is impossible to determine
whether one or both ears are involved
X1 O-XI9 IMPAIRMENT OF SPEECH, INTELLIGENCE, SPECIAL SENSE
XIO, Xl 1 Impairment of Speech
X1O Stammering, stutteringxl 1 Other speech defect
Includes absence of larynx, and chronic speech and voice defects due to removal of larynx(voice box) and other structures involved in speech and talking.Excludes deaf-mutism (X06); and cleft palate speech (X9 1.X)
X12, X13 Impairment of Special Sense, Except Vision or Hearing
X12 Loss or impairment of sense of smell and/or tasteX13 Loss or disturbance of sensation NEC
X14-X19 Special Learning Disability and Mental Retardation
X14
X15X16 .X17Xl 8
X19
Special learning disability (reading) (mathematics) (“mirror” writing or reading) (“mixeddominance”) (affecting school progress)Mongolism (Down’s disease or syndrome) (any I.Q.)Severe or profound mental retardation NEC (1.Q. under 36)Moderate mental retardation (1.Q. 36-51)Borderline or mild mental retardation (1.Q. 52-85)Includes: backwardness; feeblemindedness; moron.Unspecified mental retardationIncludes: mental retardation or deficiency, degree or type not specified.
X20-X39 ABSENCE, LOSS, EXTREMITIES, AND CERTAIN OTHER SITES
Note: Absence or loss of one or bothXOO-X02. Absence or impairment ofSee also X90, X92.
X20-X25 Absence, Loss, Upper Extremity:
X20 Arm, at or above elbow, and arm NOSx21 Arm, below elbow and above wrist
52
eyes is to be coded as for blindness, one or both eyes, inother senses, speech, intelligence is coded to X06-X19.
X22 Arms, bothX23 Hand, except fingers or thumbs onlyX24 Hands, both except fingers or thumbs onlyX25 Fingers and/or thumbs only, one or both hands
X26-X31 Absence, Lossr Lower Extremity:
X26 Leg, at or above knee, and leg NOSX27 Leg, below knee and above ankleX28 Legs, bothX29 Foot, except toe(s) onlyX30 Feet, both, except toes onlyX31 Toe(s), only, one or both feet
X32-X34 Absence, Loss, Upper and Lower Extremities:
X32 One upper (arm or hand) with one lower (leg or foot), except digits onlyX33 Three or more (arm, hand, leg, foot) except digits onlyX34 Fingers and/or thumb(s) and toe(s)
X36-X39 Absence, Loss, Certain Other Sites
X36 Absence, lungM 7 Absence, kidneyX38 Absence, breastX39 Absence, rib, or bone, joint, muscle, or trunk or extremity, without loss of extremity
X40-X69 PARALYSIS, COMPLETE OR PARTIAL
X40-X49 Paralysis NOS (Complete) of Extremities and Trunk, as Follows:
X40x41X42x43X44X45X46x47X48X49
Upper extremity, one, except fingers onlyUpper extremities, bothFinger(s) onlyLower extremity, one, any part except toes onlyLower extremities, both (paraplegia)Toes onlyParaplegia with bladder or anal sphincter involvementOne side of body, one upper and one lower, same side (hemiplegia)Three or more major members, or entire body (quadriplegic)Paralysis, NOS, or of other sites of extremities or trunk (complete)
X50-X59 Cerebral Palsy; Paralysis, Partial, of Extremities or Trunk
Includes: paresis; palsy; paralytic “weakness” or “tremor.”
X50 Cerebral palsy (and synonyms)Includes “spastic” if present since birth (congenital)
x51 Partial paralysis, arm(s) or finger(s)X52 Partial paralysis, leg(s) any part(s) (“drags foot”)X53 Partial paralysis, one side of body (hemiparesis)X54 Partial paralysis, other sites of extremities or trunkX59 Partial paralysis, palsy, paresis-NOS
53
X60-X69 Paralysis, Complete or Partialr Sites Except Extremities or Trunk
X60 Paralysis, complete or partial, face (Bell’s palsy or paralysis)X61 Paralysis, complete
extremitiesX69 Paralysis, complete
speech
o; partial, bladder or anal ~phincter, without mention of paralysis of
or partial, sites not of extremities, trunk, nor affecting special senses or
X70-X79 NONPARALYTIC ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT (CHRONIC) NEC
Excludes: paralysis (X40-X69 ) and specified deformities in X80-X89.Includes: limitation of motion NEC; stiffness (complete or partial); “flail joint”; instability ofjoint; frankly ill-defined, symptomatic, but chronic difficulty, weakness, “trouble,” pain,swelling, “limping, “ involving muscles, joints, limbs, back or trunk, of unknown cause, or dueto healed injuries 3 mos+ or to past and now inactive diseases; old (3 mos+) sprains, strains, ordislocations with effect not elsewhere classifiable, or not stated.Excludes: all “disc” conditions (ICDA 725)NOTE: Orthopedic impairment NEC, as in X70-X79, is not coded as a separate diagnosis ifdue to specified active chronic disease; chronic disease only is coded.
Orthopedic Impairment NEC (Chronic) Involving:
X70x71X72x73x74x75
X76x77
X78x79
X80
Back NOS, spine NOS, vertebra NOS (low) (Iumbosacral) (sacroiliac) (entire)Cervical or thoracic region of back, spine, vertebraeCoccygeal region of back, spine, vertebrae (last bone of spine)Shoulder, upper arm, forearm above wrist; arm NOSWrist, hand, finger, thumb–sites in X73 not involved .Hip and/or pelvis, alone, or with any other site in X70-X79Excludes congenital dislocation of hip (X85.X).Knee, leg NOS–hip not involvedAnkle, foot, toe–sites in X76 not involvedExcludes impairments involving arches of foot, feet (X82).Multiple sites NEC (back and legs) (fingers and toes) (legs and arms) (arms and back)Other and ill-defined sitesIncludes: rib; trunk, NOS; “side,” NOS; limping, staggering, stumbling, trouble in walking,NOS.Excludes: jaw (X92); and ataxic gait, which if chronic, is coded as for paralysis, partial.
X80-X89 SPECIFIED DEFORMITY OF LIMBS, TRUNK, BACK
Includes: specified structural deformities of limbs, trunk, back, described as: contracture;atrophy; accessory (“extra”); short or shortness; crippled; shriveled; “drawn up ;“ “twisted ;““withered;” and scarring (with contracture) involving limbs, neck, back, trunk.Excludes: dwarfism and other deviations from normal size, weight, height (X94-X97);paralysis, all sites (X40-X69); scarring and disfigurement of face, nose, lips, ears (X90).
Curvature and other structural deformities of spine or back, except as in X81.XIncludes: all structural deformities of spine or back except spina bifida (X8 1.X).
54
Excludes: chronic back conditions NEC in X70-X72, and disc conditions as in ICDA 725,amended.
X81.X Spina bifida (with meningocele) (always congenital)X82 Flatfoot (including weak or fallen arches and other difficulty with arches)X83 Clubfoot (congenital)X84 Deformity, other and multiple, lower extremity, NEC
Includes: genu valgum (knock knee); genu varum (bow leg); tibial torsion; hammer toe; halluxvalgus or varus; any deformity of toe; deformity leg NOS, ~oot NEC, knee.Excludes: X82, X83.
X85 Dislocation, congenital, and other deformity hip and/or pelvisX86 Deformity, neck or shoulder region
Includes: torticollis; Sprengel’s deformity; deformity of neck and/or shoulder.X87 Deformity finger(s), thumb(s), onlyX88 Deformity, upper extremity, except as in X86, X87
Includes deformity of: arm(s), hand(s) and finger(s), butexcludes deformity involving fingers, thumbs, only.
X89 Deformity, trunk bones, NECIncludes: pigeon breast; cervical rib; postural defect NEC.
X90-X99 DEFECT, ABNORMALITY, SPECIAL IMPAIRMENT, NEC
X90 Disfigurement, scarring, face, nose, lips, earsIncludes: absence of nose, lips, ears; accessory auricle; other abnormality NEC of face, nose,ears, mouth, teeth, jaws if stated to be disfiguring. If speech defect is also present, code it also.Excludes: cleft palate and harelip whether or not disfiguring (X91.X).
X91.X Cleft palate and harelip (with speech defect) (disfiguring)Includes: cleft palate and cleft lip (as in ICDA 749) with or without speech defect andwhether or not stated to be disfiguring.
X92 Other dentofacial handicapIncludes: acquired absence of teeth, onset 3 months plus; and abnormalities of teeth,malocclusion, and other jaw and dentofaciaJ anomalies as in ICDA 520.0, 520.1, 520.2, 520.5,521.6, and 524. If speech defect is also present, code it also.Excludes: cleft palate and harelip (X9 1.X); and other dentofacial handicaps if stated to bedisfiguring (X90).
X93 Deformity of skull (hydrocephaly) (microcephaly)If mental retardation is also present, code it also under Xl 5-X19. If hydrocephaly is due to aspecified active chronic disease of brain or meninges, code the disease only–not X93.
X94 Dwarfism: midget; excessively underheightIncludes: “stunted growth” NOS, or late effect (old); if due to some currently active disease,code the disease only.
X95 G@mtism (excessively overheight)X96 Obesity, chronic, cause unknown (farniliaI) (hereditary)X97 Underweight, chronic, cause unknownX98 Artificial orifice (opening) or valve (surgical) any site (colostomy)X99 Special impairment, ill-defined
Includes: “deformed NOS; cripple NOS; “birth injury” or “brain damage” NOS, at ages 3months or over without specification as to type of impairment; ill-defined “after-effects” oftuberculosis, encephalitis, poliomyelitis, trachoma, toxoplasmosis, rickets, intracranial abscess.Excludes: stroke, or ill-defined “after-effects” of stroke; code the stroke–not X99.
55
LIST OF 1-DIGIT ETIOLOGY CODES
For Impairment of Vision, Only (XOO-X03, X05)
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
:;.8.9.x.Y
Unknown or unspecified originCataract, any origin except as in .5-.9, below (with any condition in .4)Cataract with glaucoma, any origin except as in .5.-.9, belowGlaucoma, any origin except as in .5-.9, without cataract (with any in .4)Other eye diseases (as in ICDA 360-369,370-373, 376-378) (any infection of eye)Diabetes (with cataract or glaucoma)Diseases of the arteries NEC (as in ICDA 440-447)Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) (with arteriosclerosis) (with hypertension)NeoplasmAccident ok injury except at birthCongenital brig-inNEC or_birth injuryConditions not in .0-.9, or .X (noncongenital) (nontraumatic) (hereditary) (old age) (“age”NOS)
For All Impairments Exceptof Vision (X06-X99)
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.x
.Y
Unknown or unspecified originTuberculosis, any sitePoliomyelitisOther infection or inflammation, ulcer, any site (scarlet fever) (meningitis) (encephalitis)(arthritis) (osteomyelitis) (neuritis) (etc.)NeoplasmDiabetes (with gangrene)Disease of arteries NEC (gangrene) (general arteriosclerosis)Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) (with arteriosclerosis) (with hypertension) .Rickets and osteomalaciaAccident or injury except at birthCongenital origin or birth injuryDiseases and conditions except as in .0-.9, .X (noncongenital) (nontraumatic) (noninflam-matory) (hereditary) (old age) (age NOS)
PREFERENCE RULES USED WHEN MULTIPLE ETIOLOGIES ARE GIVEN
For Visual Impairments Only (XOO-X05)
Select one cause as follows:
.9 and any other(s): prefer .9 (injury);
.5 and any other(s) except .9: prefer .5 (diabetes);
.7 and any except .9 or .5: prefer .7 (vascular lesions, CNS);If .9, .5, .7 are not applicable: prefer .8 (neoplasm);If .9,.5, .7,.8, are not applicable: prefer .6 (arteries NEC);If .5-.9 are not involved, prefer any in .1-.4 over .X or .Y.If local diseases of eye, only, are mentioned, code:
cataract and glaucoma to .2cataract with any in .4 to .1glaucoma with any in .4 to .3other multiple local eye diseases to .4
56
For All Impairments Except of Vision (X06-X99)
Select one cause as follows:
.9 and any other(s): prefer .9 (injury);
.7 and any except .9: prefer .7 (vascular lesions, CNS)If.9 or .7 are not applicable: prefer the etiology code for the cause that started the chain ofevents.
000
57
APPENDIX Ill
QUESTIONS USED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT IMPAIRMENTS<P .
1.. What is th. mm. .1 th. bad.$ this houwh.ld? - E.ter nmc m f,,st columnb. Wfmtat. Wm.m.s of all .Ih.r F...sc+mwh. WV. her.? - L,st all C-srso.swho Iwe here. Ye, . Noe. I ha,. 11,!.6 (Re,d mm,). IS Ih-. ❑y... .1s. ,lay!ng h.,. now, such a. friends, ,,1.Nv.., a ,e.m. r%? •I ❑
d. H.v. I Mr.s.d ..Y.M* -~ U$UALLy w,.. h.- b.$ 1, .*w OW.Yfr.m h...? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. ❑ ❑*. D.~y.fth*p**Pl* (n fbl~hW**h*ld ~v*ohw*~.~h*r* *l~*? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u ❑
●A,,!, wu,,ho,d m,mb,,,h,p ,.,,,.f. Are my d the p.,,... 1. this hou,. hold now O, (WIMW
.CIIW duty with !h, Armd Fmo, d fho U,ll,d S+.!.,?, , , Y coils). _ (Delete) , N
2. How is -- r.1.lod 1, -- (Head c+household)?
3. Wh.t 1s --,s date.1 bitth? (Enter date ●nd Am and .,,.1. Race m-d Sex)
Refer to Flashcard— 1. detmlne SmPle Persons; mrk SP boxes.
2. Recorde.ch m..dltlon In the person,. column.vmh the a..estlm n.mbtr(s) where it W.S qwrted,
R, ferenc, d.,,,
2-week Permd
Ilm.a”th Bad D,P,nd Dc.c,w v,,, LFob
It 17,. ●sk,
4. Is .- now md,d, wld.w,d, divo,c.d, ,,pro,.d, ., m,,., rr,n,,,.d?
If related per,,”, 17 ye,,, old m ,“,, ,,, ll,ted I. addit,cmw the cesmndenc.%,K
H. . wowldlib I. h,.. ,11 adult, whoa,, .1 k.-. t.k. pm! I. Ih. Im,a,l,w.Is y,,, --, y.”, --, *C., at home“*W? If -Yes,., .sh P1..s. .sk th.m I. i.in . . .
This ,,,,. i, b.l,q cenduc,.d to ..11,., [nferma,l.o . . ,h, Noti..,s h~l,h. ! w;II .,b +x, ,8s1,, ,.d.cm,, srJd.nN,,s, illn,ss ,. IA. h,,,, and e+h.,h..l,h ,,lm,d hm,. {Han, calm,.,)Th. ..xt I.w q..str..s r.f.r t. ibo ,m 2 w..ks, th. 2 w..k. .Ah.d 1. red.. th.t ..l.. d.,.
b.gln,i,g Monday,~; .d .ndln# k P.11 SWA.Y, (date) . ““ ‘5,. D,,Im9 those 2 w,,k,, did .- ,t.y 1. bodk,,..,. of my ill.,,, or I. IM,Y?
------ . . . . . . . . . . . . _. _._. ______ . . . . . . __ .._. ------ ------ -------- ------- ------ -
b. D.rlnq lfm, 2.w..k mind, how rim., c%,, d,d -- s,,, 1. b.d .11., m.., d ,k. d..?.6. D.,Ins lhos. 2 w..k,, how . ..7 d.ys dld ill..., o, lmi,ry k..p -- fromw.,k?
(For femlesk net cwnNns work round ,h. he.,.?
7. DL.ln, the,. 2 v..k,, kaw mmy dqs dld Ill..,. w [.IUT k..p -- 1,.- ,ch..l?
If me m mored,y, ,0 5b, ask 8: otimv,,, go m8. 0. howmany of ,h.s. -- day, 1.., from {:;:.,} d,d-- ,tay 1. b.d .11., ..s, al ,h. d.~?
9.. (NOT CWNTIW the &y(.) [~:s%m-wk ]1L lest Irem s<hcol J
We,, tb,rs my (olh,r) d.r, dwl.o Ih, P.,1 2 w..k, ,hat -- cut &w. m th. thingsh. uwdlY do.. b....,. ml111..ss., !.r.w?.. .----------- ------- ----.-- ------ ......- .......- .....- . ... .........—---- . ----- .
r. b,db. (AS.6., . . . . ..ntiw *h. d.y(.)
{ }]1.,, ho. work1.., f,.. ..hool
Du,l.g lh,t F.,,ld, bow mony(.th.,) day. did h. .,! d=. 1., ❑ , mucho, ❑ day?
If W, o, rnwe day, ,.5-9, ask 10 othww,se @ w next w,s,..
‘“”w’”’cmd’’i”ncau’”d--’” {?:::} ‘“r’a’’h*’”s’2w**k”------------ -------- --------- ------ .- ..-. ------ ---------- ------ . . . . . . -— ---- . . .
{ ] d.wfh.,,.,.d?
stay I. k.dd.. w.,kb. Did my tih., cmdl,lm . . . . . him h -z,, ,=kml~~u;di:i...,
----------------------.------------------------.-----------------------------..,Wh” ccndl,i.n?
b FtII Item c, (BEO DAYS), ft,m 5b f., .II ~w,m,.
k
‘-‘P’”’*QI“ELast“m.
i? R.!.,, on,h(p SEX!H
HEAD ,F
3. M%l* 0.,. ,.”
SEO DAYS Ov HOW.
❑ y: ❑ ;F ~;;
.“ — WI _ lNP) _fNP)
Q. N.. Cmd>nlm
\
\
a’
I Y 15bl I
H5noo N
}
If .,0:
.- 17. (81:;6:/:)(9,
b. _ 0.,s
6. _ WLd.,, (8),. n NM. (9J
7. — SL ,s,.0, U M.., (9J
h tY
N f 10)
.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----
& — D.,,
0, ❑ m“.
En##r cmd!Wm I“ ilwn C
1o.. Ask 10b
.- --------- ------- ----
Yh
M N@)
L During the post 2 weeks (tha 2 weeks eutlincd in rod on that .al.ndar) how many times did -- set a m*di.al doctor?Do not count doctors seen while a patient in a hospital.
(Basidcs the.- visits)
Sa. During that 2-week p*riod did onyont in the family go to a doctor’s offict or Y
clinic for shots, X-rays, tests, or ●xaminations? N (16). -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
b. Who was this? - Mark “Doctor visit” box in person’s column.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c, Anyone ●l se? Y (Retxk f5b and c}N
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------If “Doctor visit,” ask:
d. How ~anY tire. s did -- visit th. doctor du, ing that period?
!a, During that psriod, did anyone in the family get any medical advice from Ya dc,ctor OVW the telephona? N (17)------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
b. Who was the phone call about? - Mark “Phone call” box in person’s column.------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
c, Any cofls about anyonr ●IsG? Y (Reask 16b and c)
N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------If “’Phone call,” ask
d. How many telaphorm calls wtrt made to gat msdicol advice about -- ?
p Fill item C, (DV), from 14-16 for all persons. .
Ask 17a for each person with visits in DV box.
7a, For what condition did -- SC* or talk to o doctor during the post 2 waoks?-- . . . . . .. . ----------------------------------------------------------------------
b, Did -- see or talk to a doctor about any specific condition?------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------
c. What condition?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d. During that period, did -- see or talk to o doctor about any othw condition?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q. During the past 2 wacks was -- sick bacausa of har prmgnancy?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
f. What was the matter?
8a. During tha post 12 months, (that iz sinca~~fs y..rago), do.tfmwmanytim.s did -- s..ortalk to a medical doctor? (Do not count octors s-on while o patient in o hospital.)([ncluda the -- visits YOU alr.ady told me about.)------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
b. ABOUT hew long has it been since -- LAST saw or tolked to a medical doctor?
Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospital.
_ Number of visits (NP)
---------,
❑ Phone al;
_Numbar of calls (NPJ
U Ccoditicm (Item CTHEN 17d)
❑ Presn.ncy (17e)
❑ N. condition-------------------
Y N (NP)-------------------
Enfer coyflfliy,$ item C
-------------------
Y (17c) N (NP)-------------------
Y N (lZd)-------------------
Enter condlNonlnitem C (ii@)
no UOnlywhcn in hospital
no ❑ None
_ Number of visits-------------------
f D 2.week OV-------------------
z ❑ P=SI 2 W==ksnot reported(14 and 17)
3 ❑ 2 Wks.+ m-.
4 •l over 6-12 m...
5 ❑ I year
6 I-J 2-4 years
7 I_J 5+ years
8 m Never
-..”’
59
Ages
17+
Ages6–16
---------Ages
under 6
l%. What was -- doing MOST OF THE PAST 12 MONTHS - (For males):
If “something else,” ask (For females):
b. What WOS -- doing?
workingor doing smwhing ●lse?keeping house, working, or &ingsomething ●I*?
If 45+ years and was not “’working, “ “’keeping house,” or ““going to school,” ask:c. Is -- retired?
d. If ‘“retired,’” ask Did he retire because of his hmlth?------------------------------------------------------------------------Xfa. whatwas -- doing MOST OF THE PAST 12 MONTHS - going to school or doing something ●lse?
If “something else,” ask:b. What was -- doing?________________________________________________________________________
!1o. Is -- able to take part at all in ordinary Play with other children?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Is he limited in the kind of Play he can do because of his health?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Is he Iimi’tad in the amount of play kcauseof his heolth?
!2a. Is -- limited in any way b-cause of his haaltft?_______________________________________________________________________________
b. Inwhatwoy ishelimitsd? Record limitation, not condition.
‘%. Does --haalth nowkeephirn from working?_______________________________________________________________________________
b. lshelimitd inthekind ofworkhe could &hcauseofhisheal~?_______________________________________________________________________________
c. Is he Iimitod in theomount of work he could do because of his health?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d. Is he limited in the kiml or amount of other activities because of his heolth?
4a. Ooes -- NOWhaveoiob?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. 1. terms of haalth, is -- NOW able to (work - keep house) at all?------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
c. Is he limited in the kind of (work-housework) he can do because of his health?_______________________________________________________________________________
d. Is he limited in the amount of (work - housework) he can do because of his hea Ith?_______________________________________________________________________________
● . is he limited in the kind oromount of other activities because of his health?
5. Interms ofhealth would -- fseable togo to school?
60. hes(would) --havcta go foac*tiin ~eofschool btcause ofhishcalth?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Is he (would he k) Iimitad in school attendance becauso of his heolth?------------------------------------------------------------------- ______
c. Is he limited in the kind or amount of other activities because of his health?
7a. Is -- Iimi*d in ANY WAY bcc.usc of a disability or h~lfh?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b.lnwhatway is ho limited? Record limitation, not condition.
{
bean Iimikdin ---Be. About howlong hashe been unable to --
had to go to a certain type of school? }_______________________________________________________________________________
b. What (other) condition causes this limitation?
If “old age” only, ask Is this limitation caused by any specific condition?-------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
c. Is this limitation caused hy any other condition?------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
Mark bbx or ask:
d. Wick of thtsc conditions would you say is the MAIN cause of his limitation?
19.
&23.
--
—
?10--
b--
G
b—
!3.,-.
b,_-
.,--
d,—
’40..-
b,--
c,.-
d.
e.
5.
6...-.
i.
b,—
80.
b.
c.
d.—
I ❑ Working (.?4a)
2 ❑ Keepm; house (24b)
3 ❑ Re!lred, health (23)
4 u Reored, other (23)
5 ❑ Gem; to school (2d)
6 ❑ 17+ somethd”g else (23)
7 I_J 6-16 somethmg also (2!
-O-n-l=g ;:a7:i2i)-..._0 ❑ U rider I (22)
Y I N (28)------------------
2 Y (28) N------------------
2 Y (28) r+ (27)
lY s N (NP)------------------
(28)
f Y (28) N------------------
2 Y (28) N------------------
2 Y (28) N------------------
3 Y (38) N (27)
Y (24c) N------------------
Y 1 N (28)------------------
2 Y (m) N------------------
2 Y (28) N------------------
3 Y (28) N (27)
Y t N [28)
2 Y (28) N------------------
2 Y (28) N------------------
3 Y (28) N
4Y s N [NP).------- . —--------
)ODLess than I month
J — t-b. 2 —Yr:
‘- Ei6r-cWid7t7&i7K ii.%iL7 -Fhrk D box, THEN 28c
mOld aze rely, *k D box.THEN (NP~--------- --------
Y (Rensk N28b and c)
.-----------------
❑ O.IYI C.andltlo.
Entermam condition
60
%. Was -- a patimti nohospitala tanytim~since (date) a year ago? 390. Y N (Item C)--.---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --- -------------------
b, How many timss was -- in a hotpital since (date) a ymlr ago? b. . Times (Item C)
On. Wosanyon. lnth*fomily inc nursing home, convalescent home, or
similar place sine, (date) a y*ar ago? Y N (31)
b.whowos this?- Circie”’y” in person’s ~oIumn,3ob. Y
--, r_-- _---- _--------- _--- __-_ -`------------------------------------------------- ----If Y,” ask:
-------------------- .
c. During that pariod, how mony times wos -- in a nursing home or similar Place?c. _ Times. (item CJ
Ask for each child I year oldorunder ifdate of birth isonorafter reference date.
la,was -- born in a hospital?
If ’’Yes,” andno hospitalizations entered inhisandlor mother’s column, enter”l” in29b and item C.
If “Yes,” and a hospitalization is entered forthemother and/or baby, ask31b for each.--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
b. ~; !Ittg hospitalization tncludcd in th~ numb-r you gave me for --?.’” correct entries in 29 and item C for mother and/or baby.
2a. Nho~::::ae ln*efOmily(yOu, your --, ●tc.)
If ‘“Yea,” ask 32b and c
b. WhO is this? - Eiltername of condition andIetterof Iine where reported In appropriateperson’s column in item C.
c. fJOes anyorm 81s* fmva . . . ?
310
.-.b
Y N (NP)
-------------------Y N
H. A detached retina or any other conditionA. Deofness in one or both e.ars? of the retina?_ - _ -- __ - _ ----- __--__+ ---------- . --B. Any other trouble heoringwlth one or
--------------- —----- —--------- ---1. Any other trouble seeing with one or both
both ●ars? eyes even when wearing glasses?------------------------------- --- ------------------------------- ---
C. Tinnitus or ringing in the ears? J. A cleft palate or harelip?------------------------------- --- ------------------------------- ---
D. Blindness in ona or both ●yes? K. Stammering or stuttering?------------------------------- --- ------------------------------- ---
E. Cataracts? L. Any other speech defect?--------- . -------------- —------ --- ----------------------- —------- ---
M. Amissing finger, hand, orarm, toe, foot,F. Glaucoma? or leg?--------- ---------------------- -- ------------------------------- ---
G.Color blindness? N. A missing (breast), kidney or lung?
30. DO*S anyorm in the family use - f- 1 f IIf “Yes,” ask 33b and c ~!.-&,l.ss,s?
-------------------------- U133b.
b. Whols this? Mark boxinperson’s column 2. Contact lenses?------------------------------ --
3. A hearing aid?c. Anytww ●lse?
i
For ““hearing aid,” with no hearing problem reported,
enter’’33, @ , hearing trouble,” in item C2
I(, Gmpared to ~th.r per~ons --’s age, would you soy thot his health is excellent, good, fair, or poor? 134.
I For persons 17years orover, show whoresponded for(orwas present during theasking o~Questions 4-34.
Qu-
I If persons responded for self, show whether entirely or partly. Forpersonswtder 17 showQ’, 4-34 who responded for them.
R
1 ❑ Eyeglasses
2U Contact lenses
30 Hearing ahd(ltem C)
o1,E2G3Fs P
I ~ Respmded for self -ret, rel,
z13 Responded for =lf-wcly
Pers.._was repmdent
61
Y N (Item C) 29a. Y N (/fern c) Y N (item C) 3%. Y N (Item C) Y N (Nwff Cj------------------- -- ------------------- ------------------- ---- -------------------- .--------------------
— Times (Item C) b. _ Times (Nero C) _ Times (/MfC) b. _ Times (/fern C) _ Times (Item Cl
:..,.——...”..—-. *. —“.=.—----- . ..-. .-.. ----,.. ---,” --------
Y 30b. Y Y 30b. Y Y------------------- -- ------------------- - -------------------- ---- -------------------- --------------------
— Times (Item C) c. — Times (Item C) _ Times (Item C) c. _ Times (Item C) _ Times (/f8m C)
31.. 31..
Y N (NP) Y N (NP) Y N (NP) Y N (NP) Y N (NP)
b.Y N
b.Y N Y N
2a. ~030 :)~me in the family U. Permnnant stiffnass or any dcfomtity of theO. Palsy or cerebral palsy? back, foot, or leg?
If “’Yes, ”------------------------------- --- ------------------------------- . ---
ask 32 b and c V. Pormancnt stiffntss or any deformity of the
b. Who is this? Enter name of condition andP. Pcmalysis of any kind? fingers, hand, or arm?
letter of Ii ne where reported in armroori ate ------------------------------- ___ -------------------- ----- --
person’s column in item C.
c. Does anyone ●lse have . . . ? “1Q. Curvature of the spine?
IIW.kntal retardation?
1
------------------------------- --------------------------------- --X. Anycondition causcdb enoldaccidcnt, or
R. REPEATED trouble with back or spin-? i.@y? If ’’Yes,’’ ask ~hst isth. condition?------------------------------ --------------------------------- --
S. Any TROUBLE with fallen archesor flatfeet? Y. Epilepsy?
l--------. -----------------------4 --4-------------------------------+--
T. A clubfoot?
I ❑ Eyeglasses 33b
z ❑ Contact lenses
ICI H=a@ ald (Ifemc)
o2 IIE2G3F4P 134.
I ❑ Respcnded for self-entirely I
! ❑ Respc.”ded for self-partly IRPerson_ was Iesm.”t
I
I ❑ Eyeglasses
2 ~ Co”l?.ctlenses
3 ❑ Hearing aid (Hem C)
tE2G3F4p
t m Responded for self-e”tirel)
2 U Responded for self-partly
Person_was respondent
1 n Eyeglasses
Z ❑ Contact Ie”ses
3 U Hearinz aid (item C)
—.’ ,... ,
04!E2G3F4p
1 ❑ Responded for self-mtlrel:
2D Responded For self-partly
Person_was respc.nden,
II Z. REPEATED convulsions, seizures,or blackouts? I
T’33b. !U Eyeglasses
20 Contact lenses
3aHearl”z aid (item C)
I
I ~] Eyeglasses
2U Co”Kact lenses
3~Heartnc aid (item C)
,,.,:. ,., /: ,.
To 5 06
n~ ❑ RespOnded for %elf-mtirely I ❑ Responded for se[f-anthly
R 2~Respondedforself-partly 2~Respc.”dedforsalf-partly
62
CONDITION 1
1. P*rson numb-r I Nanw of condition
I2. When did -- last S*C or talk to a doctor about his . . .?
I II ~e~ktervlew I r] Past 2 wks. (Item C) s u 2-4 yrs.2 u 2 wks. -6 mos.
(Reosk 2)6 Li5+ Vs.
3 u Over 6-12 mos. 7 ~ Never
4ulyr. e ~] DK If Dr. seen
9 :3 DK when Dr. seen
Examine “Name of condition” entry and mark
AI ~ COlOr bllndness (NC) ❑ O“ Card C (A2)~ Accident or injury (A2) n Neither (3a)
If “Doctor not talked to,” transcribe entry from item 1.If “Doctor talked to,” ask:
3a, What did the doctor say it was? - Did he give it a medical name?
Do not ask for Cancer a On Card C (A2)
b. What WOS tht caus~ of . . .?
~ Accident or !nlury (A2)-------------------------------------------------If the entry In 3a or 3b includes the words:
A!l,m.m Condltlon Disorder Trouble
Anemia cyst Growth Tumor
Asthma Defect Measles ulcer
}
Ask C:
Attock DISWJS* Rupture
c. What kind of . . . is it?
------------------------------------For allergy or stroke, ask:
d. How dots tha allergy (stroke) affect him?
-------------------------------------------------If In 3a-d there IS an !mpa!rment or any of the follow!ng entries:
Absc.ss Dom.age P.ar.alysi.
Ach. (.xc.p~ h.md or . ..) Growth RuptureB1.edlng Hemorrhage soreBlood clot 1“1.ctl.an S.,eness8011 I“f lcmlma*i.n Tumor
1
Ask e:C.”c.r Ne”rolgio ulcerCmnp. (.xc.pt N..titis Voricose veins
m.nstw al) Pain Weakcyst Pml.y Weoknes,
c. What part of ths body is off*ctcd?
Show the followlng detail:
Hond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s.kull. SCOIFI,fOCOBo.kApine/vert.bro . . . . . . . . . . . upp.r, middle, lowerEc.ter *y* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..on. or bolh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..c.ne or bath. .houldw, uper,
elbow, lower, wrist, ho. :
L.~ ,.. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..cmeorbdh. hip, uppa, kn..,low.,. ankle, loot
4. During the past 2 weeks, did his . . . cause himto cut down on the things he usually does? I tY 2 N (91 I
5. During that period, how mony days did he cutdown for as much os a day? Oays—
00 None (9)
6. During that 2-week period, how mony days didhis . . . keep him in bed all or most of the day?
_Days
00 None
Ask ,f 17+ years:
7. How many days did his . . . keep him from work_Days (9)
during thot 2-week period? (For females): notcou”tina work around the house? 00 None (91
Ask tf 6-16 years:
8. How many days did his . . . keep him from _Days
school during that 2-week period? 00 None I9. When did -- first notice his . . .?
I ~ Last week 4 2 weeks-3 months
2 L_ Week before 5 ‘- j Over 3- I 2 months
3 m Past 2 weeks-DK wh!ch 6 :;> More than [ 2 months ago
(Was it d.ring the past 12 months or before that time?)
(Was it during the post 3 months or before that time?)
(Was it durina the m.t 2 weeks or before that time?)
I ❑ Not an eye cond. (AA) 3 ❑ First eye cond. (6+ yrs.)
A3 2 ❑ First eye cond. (10)(under 6) (lfJg) 4 u Not first eye cond. (AA) I
These next questions are about how wel I -- cans- (with glasses/contacts).
10.. &n -i~g~t~ll ●nough to read ordinary newspaper print,w{heve? . . . . . . . . . . ..l Y
~right~ “~e? . . . . . . . . . . . ..y 2N-------------------------------------------------
b. Con -- see well enough to recognize the features of people he knowsif they ore close enough?
lY 2N------------------------------------- ------ ------
c. Con -- see moving obiects, such as cars moving or people walking?
lY 2N------------------ —------------------- ----------
d. Can -- see well emaugh to step down?
IY 2N-------------------------------------- ----------
e. Can -- see well enough to recognize a friend walking on the otherside of the street?
lY 2N_________________________________________________lfALL “No,” ask 10f: otherwise go to 10g.
f. Can -- see well enough to tell if o light is on?
I Y (AA) 2 N (AA]
. -------------------------------------------------g. How much trouble would you say that -- hos in seeing, a great deal,
some, or hardly any .+ all?
I ~ Great deal 2 m Some
3 ~ Hardly any or none a m Other - Spec!fy
63
I u Missing extremity (A4)
Z a Condition in C2 does not have a letter as SOurCe (A4)
3 ❑ Condition in C2 has a letter as source, Doctor see” (II)
4 ❑ Condition m Cz has a letter as source, Doctor not Seen (IS)
la. Does -- NOW take any medicine or treatmentforhis ...?
lY
2 N(12)------------------------------------------------ .
b. Was any of this medicine or treatment recommwrded I Yby a doctor? 2N
2. Has he ever had surgery for this condition? lY
2N
3, Was he ever hospitalized for this condition? tY
2N
4. Owing the past 12 months, about how many times has-- ~een or talked to ~ doctor about his . . .? _ Times
(Oo not count visit. while a patient in o hospital.) 000 ~ None
5.. About how many days during the past 12 months hasthis condition kept him in bed all or most of the day? _ Days
000 ❑ None----------- --------------------------------------
Ask if 17+ years: ,
b. About how many days during the past 12 months has _Daysthis condition kept him from work?
For females: Notcounting wockaround the house? 000C None
6a. Howoftendocs his . . . bother him -all of thetimt, often,once in a while, or never?
I ❑ AI I the time 2D Often 30 Once in a while
on Never (A4) an Other-Specify-------------------------------------------------
b. When it does bother him, ishebothered o great deal, some, or very little?
I m Great deal 20 Some so Very little
40 Other -Specify
‘OOTNOTES
AA m Accident or injury u Other (NC)
7a. Didtheaccident hoppenduring thepst2ytars or bcforcthattimc?
n During the past.2 years ❑ Before 2 years (f%)------------------------------------------------
b. When did the accident happen?
❑ Last week n Over 3-12 months
❑ Week before n I -2 years
❑ 2 weeks-3 months
8a. At the time of the accident whet part of the body was hurt?
What kind of iniury was it? Anything CISC?
Part(s) of body Kmd of I.I.Cy
t
--------- ___.———.-
t
---. -_--- _____—-_____-_-. ___—____.
I I
If accident happened more than 3 months ago, ask:
b. What part of the body is affected now?
How is his -- affected? Is he affected in any c+h.r way?
Part(s) of body P,esem effects
1------------—--.—.-------—--...—...—-.---------——.-.
9. Where did the accident happen?
I ❑ At home (inside house)
z ❑ At home (adjacent premises)
3 ❑ Street and highway (includes roadway and public sidewalk)
4 ❑ Farm
S U Industrial place (Includes premises)
G D school (Includes premises)
7 u place of recreation and sports, except at school
s Cl Other - SPecifyJ
O. Was -- at work at his iob or business whmr the accident happened?
lY s n While in Armed Services
2N 4 a Under 17 at time of accident
1s. WCISa car, truck, bus, or other motar vehicleinvolved in the accident in any way? lY z N (NC)
b. Was more than one vehicle involved? Y N
c. Was it (either one) moving at the time? lY 2N
.
64
CONDITION 2
1. Person numbar Name of conditionAz A“;:;;:,””’’’’””’ ‘: ~~;:” ‘“’ ~’ ‘:g: y’ ‘n’
zaQ.3a 4UQ.3C 6DQ.3e I1
2. Whtn did -- last sce or talk to a doctor about his . . .?F 4. During the past 2 weeks, did his . . . cause him
1 1=1 $C:ktervlew 1 [ ‘ past 2 wks. (Item CJ s ,: 2-4 ~,s.to cut down on the things he usually does? ,Y 2 N (9 I
2 LI 2 wks. -6 mos. 6 ~; 5+ yrS. 5. During that period, how many days did he cut(Reask 2)
I Id Over 6-12 mos. , ,;7 Never down for as much os a day? Oays
~one (9 I4 U I yr.
B [-] DK If Or. seen00
9 ] DK when Or. seen 6. ~~i.ng that 2-week period, how many days didkeep him in bed all or most of the day?
_Days
Examine ““Name of condition” entry and mark. .
00 None
n On Card C (A2)Ask !f 17. years:
_Days (9)
~,
S ~Z;rl%;lZ;~~& ~ Neither (30)7. How many days did his . . . keep him from work
If ‘“Ooctor not talked to,” transcribe entry from Item 1. during that 2-week period? (For females): not
If “Doctor talked to,” ask: counting work around the house? 00 None (9 I
3a, Whet did the doctor say it was? - Did he give it a medical name? Ask !f 6-16 years:
8. How many days did his . . . ke=p him from — Oaysschool during that 2-week period? 00 None
Do not ask for Cancer O On Card C (A2) 9. When did -- first notice his . . .?
b, What Wal the COUSO of . . .? ! Last week 4 2 weeks-3 months
El Accident or ,nl.ry (A2) 2 ] Week before 5 Over 3-12 months__________________________________________________ ~
If the entry In 3a or 3b tncludes the words:Past 2 weeks-DK which 6 : ‘ More than 12 months ago
Ailment Condition DI so,de, Trouble
}
(Was it during the post 12 months or before thot time?)
Anwnia cyst G,owth Tumor(Was it during the past 3 months or befor= that time?)
Asthnm Defect Me.sl.s Ulcer Ask C: (WCJS it during the past 2 weeks or before that time?)
Attack Disease Rupture! ❑ Not an eye cond. (AA)
c, What kind of . . . is it?30 First eye cond. (6+ yrs.)
A3 2 ❑ First eye cond. (10)
(under 6) [lO&!) 4 ❑ Not first eye cond. (AA)_________________________________________________
For allerpy or stroke, ask:These next questions are about how well -- can see (with glasses/cmtacts).
d. How doc;the .Iltrgy (stroke) affect him? 10.. Can -- see well enough to read ordinary newspaper print withhis
._.{___)_____________________________________
left eye? . . . . . . . . . . ..1Y 2N
right eye? . . . . . . . . . . ..l Y ZN_________________________________________________If In 3a-d there IS an tmpatrment or any of the followtng ehtrl es: b. Can -- see well enough to recognize the features of people he knows
Abscess Domoge Paralysis
I ‘-:~::::::
if they are close enough?
Ach. (wapt hood or ●IX) Growth RupturelY 2N
Blm*dlng Henmr,h.age soreBlood clot I. fecti.a. Soreness
c. Can -- see moving obiects, such as cars moving or people walking?
nail l“flmnmotio. Tumor Ask e: IY 2N
C.”G*, Ne.ralgi. ulcerCmlnps (.xmpt
d. Can -- see well enough to step down?Neuritis V.ricose vein.
nlm.tru.1) Pal” WeaklY 2N
cyst P.lsy Weakness e. Can -- see well enough to recognize a friend walking on the other
e. What part of th* body is aff-cted? side of the street?
IY 2N
Show the followlng detail:If ALL “No, ” ask 10f otherw (se go to 10g.
f. C.” -- see well e“.a. gh to tell if Q light is o“?Hood, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,kull. scalp, face
Back/spin./v.ttebm , . . . . . . . . . . upper, middle, lowert Y (AA) 2 N (AA)
Eorot.y. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..c... ortath
Awn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,neorbth; shoulder, up e,,9. How much trouble wou Id you say that -- has in seeing, a gr=af deal,
elbow, lower, wrist, ho. tsome, or hardly any at all?
L.g . . . ..one . . . . . . . . . . . .. one orlwth; hip, .pper, knee, I 1–1 Great deal 2 [ ‘] 50me
low.<, ankle, foc.t 2 ~1 U.rdlv . . . or none 0 [–1 Ocher - Soec!fv
65
!k5zL_I #on In C2 does not have a letter as source (A4)
3 ❑ Condition in C2 has a letter as source, Doctor seen (11)
4 ❑ COndition in C2 has a letter as source, Doctor “ot see” (IS)
. Does -- NOW take ony mcdkine or treotment lYfor his . . .? 2 N (/2)-----------------------------------------------
Was any of this m~dicint or treatment recommended I Y‘ by a doctor? 2N
Has hc tver had surgery for this condition? IY
2N
Was h. ● VW hospitolizcd for this condition? *Y
2N
During th- past 12 months, about how many timas has-- -seen or talk-d to o doctor about his . . .? _ Times
(Do not count vi.it5 while a patient in o hospital.) 000 ❑ None
, About how many ~ays during the past 12 months hasthis condition kept him in bed 611 or most of th* day? _ Days
000 ❑ None------ ------------------------------------------ .
Ask if 17+ years:
, About how many days during the past 12 months has _ Daysthis condition kept him from work?
For females: Not counting work around the house? 000 ❑ None
. How often does his . . . bother him - oil of the time, often,once in a while, or never?
I u All the time 20 Often 3 ❑ Once in a while
o U N=ver (A4) 80 Other - Specify “-------------------------------------------------
. When it does bother him, is he bother.d a great d.til, smnQ, or very Iittlc?
I ❑ Great deal 2 ❑ Some 3 ❑ Very little
4 I_J Other - Specify
OTNOTES
M m Accident or i“lury U Other (NC]
17cI. Did the accident happen during the past 2 ycorz or b.fore that timw?
m O.ring the past 2 years u Before 2 years (180J-------------------------------------------------
b. When did the accident happen?
❑ Last week m Over 3-12 months
❑ Week before ~ I-2 years
❑ 2 weeks-3 months
18c, At the time of the accident what part of the body was hurt?
What kind of iniury w03 it? Anythiog ●lse?
Part(s) of body Kmd of m,.ry
------------------ ------- .----------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If accident happened more than 3 months ago, ask:
b. What port of the body is affected now?
How is hi5 -- affected? 1s he affected in any other way?
19. Where did the accident happen?
I ❑ At home (inside house)
z ❑ At home (adjacent premises).
3 ❑ street and highway (includes roadway and public sidewalk)4 ❑ Farm
5 ❑ Industrial place (includes premises)
s ❑ SchOol (includes premises)
7 ❑ place of recreation and sports, except at schoole a Other - Specify
d
20. Was -- gt work at his iob or business when the occident hoppwmd?
lY 3 a While in Armed Services
2N 4 ❑ Under 17 at time of accident
210. Was a car, truck, bus, or other motor vehicleinvolved in the occident in any way? lY 2 N (NC)-------------------------------------------------
I b. Was more than one vehiclr involved? Y N-------------------------------------------------
I c. W.a. it (.ither one) moving a+ the time? lY 2N
66
2-WEEKS DOCTOR VISITS PAGE
Earlier, you told mr that -- hadscenottolked too doctor during thepost2 weeks.
!a. On what (other) dotes during that 2-week period did -- visit or talk too doctor?---------------------------------------------- ..- . . . . -- —--------------
b. Were there ony othsr doctor visits for him during that peiiod?
1. Wh~rtdid h.scetho doctor onth~ (date),h @ aclinic, hospital, doctor’s office, or some ot rr place?
If Hospital: Was itthcoutprttient clinicor the ●mergancy room?
. .
lfClinl~ Was ita hospital outpatientclinic, a company clinic, or some othwkind of clinic?
1. Isthedectera genwal pmctitionrr oraspeciolist?
j. During this visit (call) did -- actually s.e (talk to) the doctor?
h, Why did h- visit (call) the doctor on (date) ?
Write in reason[
Mark appropriate box(es)
-------------------------------------------------------------------b, Was this for any specific condition?
-------------------------------------------------------------------Mark box or asK
c. For ~hat =~dition did -- visit (call) the doctor on (date) ?
1.—
2..
b.
3.
4.
—
5.
6Q.
--b.
--
c.—
%tson number
{7777D Lasc week
OR8a88a Week before——
Month Date__________ ____________________ .
Y (Reask2aandb) N (Ask 3-6 foreach vlslt)
013wh,le ,npatient m hospital (Next Dv)I D 00ctor’s office (;roup pract,ce or
doctores CII. IC)
2 n Telephone
3D Hospital Outpatwnt C18n,c
40 Home
5~ Hospttal Emer;rncy Room
61_J Company or hdustry CIImc
7mOther(Spscify) ~
lmG...ralPrs,titb.r.r l_JSpCCI.lISI–Whet kid of specialist is he?
7
!Y 2N
1 ❑ D,as. or tr.aa1mmt(6c)
3Cl General checkw16b)
20 Pr=or ‘Ostnatal c==413 Eye exam. (classes)
}
(Next5 U Imm.”izasion DV)
6 I_J Other------------------------------
Y (En ferconditionin6a N (Next DWmdchange to “’Dlag.or treatment”)------------------------------
o Condition reported 1.6a
PI I ACondition page isrequired forthecondition inquestion6. lfthere isno Condition page, enter condition initem Canalfill apagefor itafter completing columns for all required doctor visits.
00TNOTES
67
If 17+ , ask:
la. What isthehighcst grodcor ycor --attended in school?
------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------b. Did -- finish thm -- grad- (year)?
2a. Did -- ever serve in the Armed Forces of the United States?----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
b. When did he sewe? Vietnam Era (Aug. ’64 to April ‘75). . . . . . VN
Circle code in descending order of priority, Thus ifKorean War (June ‘50–Jan. ’55) . . . . . . . . KW
person served in Vietnam and in Korea, circle VN.World War II (Sept. ‘40–July ’47) . . . . . . . WWIIWorld War I (April ‘i7–t40v. ’18) . . . . . . WWIPost Vietnam (May ‘7S to present). . . . . . . PVNOther Service (all other periods) . . . . . . . OS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
c. Do*$ -- hove a service connected disability?
3a. Did -- work at any time last week or the week before - not counting work around the house?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Even though -- did not work during these 2 weeks, does he hove a iob or business?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Was he looking for work or on layoff from o iob?----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
d. Which - looking for work or on layoff from a iob?
fvsk for alljersons witha “Yes”n 3a, b, or c.
If ‘“Yes” in 3C]nly, questions4a through 4eapply to this>erson’s LASThll-time civilianlob.
40. For whom did -- work? Name of company, busuness, organlzatlon, or other employer
---------------------------------------------------- .---------------b. What kind of business or industry is this? For example, TV and radio manufacturing,
retail shoe store, State Labor Dept., farm
-------------------------------------------------------------------
c. What kind of work wos -- doing? For example, electrical engineer. stock clerk. typtst. farmer
-------------------------------------------------------------------d. What were --’s most important activities or duties? For example, types, keeps account books,
files, sells cars, operates printing press, finishes concrete
----------------------------------- --------- ------- . . . . . . . . .. —--- .
Complete from entries in 4a-d; if not clear, ask:. . Wa~ -- an empleyee of PRIVATE company, business, or individual
forwoges, salory, or commission? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..P
--0 FEDERAL government ●mployee?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F
--a STATE government employee?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..S
--o LOCAL government employee?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-- self-employed in OWN business, pro fessicmol practice, or form?
If not a farm, ask: Is the business incorporated?
Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
No (or farm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SE
-- werking WITHOUT PAY in family business or farm? . . . . . . . . WP-- NEVER WORKED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..NEV
U Under 17 (NP)
) cl None (2)
Elm: 1234
H,;h: 91011
5678
12
C.alle;a !23456+
Y 2N
Y z N (3).---- . . ---- .-—-...
VN 5 PVN
KW 6 OS
Wwll 9 OK
WY/l----------
Y 2N
Y (4) 2N
Y 2N
Y 2 N (4). . _ - . . ____________
~-] Lookmt 3 L~ B.xh
r ] LayoffL.
mployer
,dustry
cc. patnon
.-ttes
lass of worker
l[-]P 51–11
21”]F 6 r-l SE
3[ Is 7Tlw
41-IL s [-~ NEV
If 17+, ask:
5tI, During the paat 12 months, about how mony months did you have a iob? SO.
1........-------------------------—b, During that period, ABOUT how many days did illness or iniury keep -- from work - not
counting work around the house?b.
Hand Card O
--------1--
60.
If 17+, ask:
$a. Whichef those groups BEST describes - – ‘s national origin or ancestry?
If multtpleentrtes, ask:
b. Which of those groups, that is, (entries [n 6a) would you sayBEST dcscrib*s -- Ib.
‘s national origin or ancestry?
ro. Durlngth* past 12 months, has anyone inthefomily received medical Y
care which has been or will bepoidfor by MEDICARE? N (8)
1-
------------------------------------------------------------------ ..A
b. Who was this? Mark “Medicare” in person’s column. 7b.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------c. Anyont Glsc? Y (Reask 7b and c)
N
10, Ther@ is a public program called -- (Medicaid) which provides medicalasiistrtncc to psrsons in need. During the past 12 months, has anyonein the family rcccived medical care which has been or will be paid for
Y
by -- (MEDICAID)?N (9)
b. Who was this? Mark “Med!ca!d” in person’s column. ----i--8b.
c. Anyone .Ise? Y (Reask 8b and c)
N ------t--
b. During ihr past 12 months, hos anyone in the family received medicol care provided Yor paid for by the V*tcrans Administration? N(IO)
‘--- I
----- —-
b. Who wos thl-? Mark “VA” in person’s column. 9b.
c. Anyorm ●lse? Y (Reosk 9b and c)
N‘-----t”
u Under 17 (NP)
10 D None (NP) — M.mth
12 ❑ Ent m year
------------------
D None
Days — MwIIt
❑ Under 17 (NPJ
(Enter premde)---- --------------
(Specify)
. ..-. —----- -.-...1 ❑ Med ,care
.. - . - —------------
--- —--------------
.- —.—----------------
- .-—---------------------IUVA
. -----------------------
“Ot)TNOTES
10,
Hand Card I
Which of those incomt froups represents your total combined family incemc for tit. past 12 months -fhat is, yours, your -- s, ●tc.? Include income from all sources such as wages, salaries, socialsecurity or mti rement benefits, help from relatives, mnt from propart y, and so forth.
11o. Which (other) family mtmbers rec.ived some income during the past 12 months?
Mark ‘“ Income” box in person’s column.
,-----------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Did ony other family members mcei.m ony income during the past 12 months? Y (Reosk 110 and b)
N
If only one person with “Income’” box marked, go to 13
If 2 or more persons with ‘<Income” box marked, ask 12 for each:
12. Which of those income groups mpmsents --’ s incemc for the past 12 months?
T3a. During the past 12 months, did anyone in the family receive any payments or benefits Yfrom Workmen’s Compensation? N (14)--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
b. Who was this?
Mark “Workmen’s Compensation”’ box in person’s column.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------c. Anyone ●lse? Y (Reosk 13b and c)
N
140. During th* post 12 months, did mtyene in the family receive tmy disability payrn.nts ordisability bwmfits from -
If “Yes,” ask 14b.
b. Was this because of a disability?
.=
1. Social Sscutity Administmtion?
If “Yes,” ask 14C and d, otherwise continuewith list.
c. Who was this? Mark appropriate box in 3. Stote public wclfam or assistance?person’s column.
d. Anyone s Is=?
15a. Doe~ anyone in this family receive assistance through the “Aid to Families with Y
Dependent Children” Program, sometimes called “AFDC” or “’ADC”? N (Household page)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Which (other) fomily members are included in the AFDC assistane. poym~nt?
Mark l’AFOC”” box in person’s co[umn.----------------------------- .._______________________________________________
c. Am any other family members included in this program? Y (Reosk lSb and c)
N
D.
—
la
I
z
13u.
3b
,T‘,,
$“.
4b
-.
5b,
-.
OOUA OtUE Otul
0!00 050F OSOJ
D2UC OSUG IODK
03DD 07DH
t ❑ Income
1❑ Workmm’s Compensatmn
lnssA
‘OVA
3 a Welfare
>:,;
------------ -.--:-- -.n AFDC
--------------------
70
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series
Series 1. Programs and Collection Procedures. –Reports which describe the general programs of the National
Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and includedefinitions and other material necessary for understanding the data.
Series 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research. –Studies of new statistical methodology including experi-mental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analyticaltechniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory.
Series 3. Analytical Studies. –Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and healthstatistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.
Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports. –Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and ,/
heafth statistics and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised birth
and death certificates...
Series 10. Data From the Health Interview Suwey. –Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use ofhospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collectedin a continuing national household interview sumey.
Srric~ 11. Data From the Health Examination Survey and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey .–Datafrom direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitu-
tionalized population provide the basis for two types of reports: (1) estimates of the medically definedprevalence of specific dkeases in the United States and the distributions of the population with respectto physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships among thevariou$ measurements without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons.
Series 1.2. Data Fro m the Institutionalized Population Survey s.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports fromthese surveys will be in Series 13.
Series 13. Data on Health Resources Utilization. –Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilitiesproviding long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services.
Series 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities. –Statistics on the numbers, geographic distri-bution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other healthoccupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.
Series 20. Data on Mortality. –Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthlyreports. Speciaf analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and time
series analyses; and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records based onsample surveys of those records.
Series 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce. –Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce otherthan as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special analyses by demographic variables;geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births notavailable from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records.
Series 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Survey s.–Discontinued effective 1975. Future reportsfrom these sample surveys based on vital records will be included in Series 20 and 21, respectively.
Series 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth. –Statistics on fertility, family formation and dis-solution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health topics derived from a biennial surveyof a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 15-44 years of age.
For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Scientific and Technical Information BranchNational Center for Health StatisticsPublic Health ServiceHyattsville, Md. 20782
NCHSPOSTAC>E AND FEES PAID
I.JS DE PA QTVIENTOF H HS
HHS +26
THIRD CLASS
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