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Preserving, Organizing and Accessing Records of Past Musical Events: Two Projects of the IRCAM Multimedia Library Michael Fingerhut Ircam, Paris (France)

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 2 IRCAM and its Multimedia Library IRCAM founded 1976 by Pierre Boulez R&D acoustics, compositional tools, dsp, musicology, real-time processing tools, publications and conferences Education short- and long-term courses in computer music and composition conferences, concerts Artistic direction commissions, concerts, festival, tours Production performances concerts Multimedia Library founded 1995 Specialized library (contemporary) music, sciences, technology, law, sociology, philosophy IAML (Newsletter editor, ontology workgroup) Archive IRCAMs musical and scientific heritage Archiprod Engineering digital libraries, metadata, interoperability, information retrieval, digital conservation and publication, in- house, national and intl projects newswatch, IRCAMs web sites, Centre Pompidou Virtuel, French Gateway, The European Library, Europeana, ISMIR, Aga Khan Development Network

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 3 French institutions with contemporary music resources Archive Bibliothque nationale Conservatories Paris, Lyon Ensembles Ensemble intercontemporain Libraries Mdiathque musicale Mahler MIC CDMC Producer of events Acantes, Cit de la musique Research centers Ircam Studios Cirm, Grame, GMEM, Muse en circuit

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 4 The issues Resources Documents books, scores, ephemera, periodicals, articles, biographies, documentary files, pictures, recordings, films Information events, people, organizations Spread Physical in libraries, archives, museums Online intranets/internet, web pages, databases Goals Preserve technological, economical and ideological issues Uniform description and single-stop access seach, find, use Reduce noise and silence partition berlin, murs paris Provide online access to contents respecting rights Dont affect existing systems

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 5 The two projects 1. Digitize: Archiprod Performance traces from (before) the event to preservation and publication at Ircam 2. Share: The Contemporary Music Resources Gateway Search, find, locate and use resources in context Not: preservation of compositional process handling individual works and documents (intra- document navigation, analysis and annotation tools)

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 6 Two distinct but interrelated projects Digitization each partner individually Formats of data Description Publication protocols Preservations procedures Workflow Sharing The gateway Formats of metadata Exchange protocols Interfaces

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1. Preservation at Ircam - Archiprod

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 8 Digitization of sound archives for preservation and publication at Ircam: formats and description Many types Artistic Concert, dance, film projection, opera Concert cycles, festivals Scientific Lectures, panels, talks, workshops Conferences, courses, Mixed master classes Variable duration and occurrence Once/repeated On a single day, hour and place or not Split Long Fixed contents may vary Repeated talk, performance Work in progress Structured Seasons Cycles Conferences ArchiProd Describe Preserve Deliver

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 9 9 Seasons Season 2007-2008 Season 2006-2007 Events archive Season 2006-2007 Season 1976-1977

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 10 Groups of events Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2006-2007 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Festival Cycle 2-1 Cycle 2-2 Cycles may contain cycles A conference within a festival

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 11 Manifestations Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Event: a noteworthy happening, usually of a limited duration with a well-defined program. A concert, a conference, a master-class, a workshop Event 2 Cycle: a group of cycles or of events. A concert series, a festival, a scientific conference An event can be part of several cycles A concert from a series programmed during a conference

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 12 Manifestation Manifestation 1 Manifestation 2 Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Manifestation: an occurrence of an event, usually at a single date, time and place. A specific concert, talk

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 13 The traces in (their historical) context Manifestation 1 Manifestation 2 Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 brochures program notes, contracts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 recording single work single talk single piece may differ

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 14 Typology of events vnement vnement artistique Rencontre Projection Exposition, installation Autre vnement artistique Confrence analyse dune uvre Confrence scientifique et/ou technique Autre confrence Formation musicale Formation scientifique et/ou technique Autre formation Autre rencontre Autre vnement Confrence Formation Spectacle Concert Spectacle chorgraphique Spectacle de thtre musical Autre spectacle Spectacle thtral

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 15 IAML 2008, Naples (Italy) Online preservation and access to record[ing]s of musical events 15 The workflow TimeArtistic dept.Communications dept.Production dept.Multimedia LibraryThe System Plans the season Produces the seasons brochure Drafts contracts Creates metadata Uploads PDF Produces the events brochure THE EVENT Records the event Uploads the recording Modifies metadata Uploads PDF Preserves through daily backups Validates modified metadata Produces online and offline versions Completes metadata Uploads PDF Produces the web site

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 16 Towards an ontology Objects Types Event, manifestation, work, person, corporate, rle, place, document Relations (work, person, rle), (event, place, date) Predicates quartet = 4 instruments Goal Inter-document semantic navigation

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 17

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 18 Manifestation: general information Date, time, place People, corporate/rles

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 19 Manifestation: per-part information audio:music Title, subtitle, duration Type Musical/non musical recording People, corporate/rles Notes, transfer date Uncontrolled fields Controls: - names - titles - rles - dates, times - durations

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 20 Manifestation: per-part information audio:non- music Title, subtitle, duration Type Musical/non musical recording People, corporate/rles Notes, transfer date Uncontrolled fields

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 21 Formats Preservation Audio: WAV 44,1 KHz, 16 bits or better Images: TIFF Metadata: METS Online access Audio Local: MPEG1 Layer 2, full recording. Partners: MP3 high rate, full recording. Internet: MP3, excerpt. Text PDF + OCR (sometimes) Metadata MODS

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 22 Looking for contents: search Basic, by table Index, full-text in online view

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 23 Looking for contents: browse event tree

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 24 Accessing a concert sound archive and its program notes

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 25 Current contents and its preservation Metadata 1,230 events more to go 7,600 works 3,000 people composers, performers 100 locations Data Over 1,100 sound archives multiworks, talks Over 500 program notes Preservation Digital contents preservation costs more than digitization Backup, backup, backup

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 26 Present and future Retrospective digitization tapes, program notes, old cds cataloguing events >1,100 done (15 years); 16 years to go. Needed: seamless interconnection of databases Archiprod archive of performances Brahms composers bios Mustica production technical documentation of works Loris scores, books Web site Future events Solutions Now: gateway www.musiquecontemporaine.fr Soon: events in gateway? automatic aggregation? Later: independent referentials events, people, works, places, rles

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2. Publication the Gateway

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 28 Framework Past 1995 Dreams (Z39.50). 2004 Gateway to ethnomusicological contents. 2005 IAML talk. 2006 Yearly call of Culture Ministry for digitization and publication of cultural contents Proposal by a consortium Cdmc (leader), Cit de la musique, Conservatoire de Paris, Eic, Ircam (design), Mdiathque Mahler 2007 Project runs and ends 100,000 records New proposal + Acanthes, Conservatoire de Lyon, 6 centres of contemporary creation 2008 Project runs eContentPlus proposal Marsel New national proposal?

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 29 Principles Domain selection contemporary music Information modelization gateway metadata Interface design Rights to contents

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 30 Diversity of resources Database CDMCCitCNSMDPEICIrcamMMM Sound archives Catalogue (books, scores, periodicals, manuscripts) Calendar of events Address book (people, corporate) Biographies, work lists and documentation Production notes, concert programs and notes Documentary files Instruments

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 31 Organization principle Gateway 1 Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner C Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner A Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner B Gateway 2

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 32 Principles: well-defined and relevant sources Gateway to selected partners Periodically retrieves only relevant metadata harvester simple protocol OAI (Open Archive Initiative) common metadata model and language MODS Provides search & browse features local record, remote contents Useful shortcuts mini thesaurus Partners make available The relevant metadata sets Add a connector to each database repository Provide metadata in adequate form Contents as available and allowed Referenced in the metadata Not copied to the gateway Differentiated access on-site / partners / everyone else

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 33 Metadata model: simplified MODS Derived from MARC Humanly readable XML Easy conversion from any schemes mostly optional fields Keeps associations people/rles, subject/author/title Hierarchical ad inf. Express structure collections/items, cds/tracks, meta- events/events In the record/from record to record Extensible Instrumentation Rights of access to contents intranet/extranet/internet Pseudo-FRBR

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 34 Resource categorization and attributes (encoding) cartographic corporate event mixed material moving image notated music person software sound recording sound recording-musical sound recording-non musical still image text 3D object (media) cassette concert confrence disque compact document numrique document imprim document manuscrit mission exposition groupe dvnements microfiche organisme personne (nature of resource) adresse atelier bibliothque biographie catalogue centre de recherche colloque dictionnaire diteur festival formation master class monographie note de programme notice duvre salle de spectacle (rle, instrumentation) auteur compositeur confrencier intervenant musicien interprte instrument(iste)s ensembles

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 35 Home page: express search, agenda. Access to detailed search and other sections of the site.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 36 After an express search. Refine results (left), access to records (center), access to contents (right)

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 37 Direct access to audio contents with embeded player. To see record, click on blue text.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 38 Detailed record. Access to original record, to audio contents. Identification of holder. Structure.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 39 Refinement: by type of recording (conference vs. musical work).

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 40 Refinement: by provider (and location of physical contents or full-length audio contents).

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 41 Refinement: by person name (composer, performers, etc.)

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 42 Access to original record, to parent record, to MODS source.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 43 Source record

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 44 Indexing the Grove as if it were a repository.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 45 Local record mentions access restrictions to the Grove record (subscription required).

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 46 Example of a detailed search (of events). Other detailed search forms available.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 47 Online documentation of the model used by the gateway.

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 48 Project status Contents Ca. 100,000 records Google indexes 60% Ca. 20% online contents audio video print manuscripts Current developments Multilingualism done Fuller documentation www.musiquecontemporaine.fr/doc Ongoing digitization METS for preservation Genericization for gateways to other kinds of resources Europeana Rights Future New potential partners BnF, Ina, ensembles Contextual and semantic navigation Archival service Multi-institution Archiprod + hosting

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3. References

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Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 50 References The Multimedia Library web site http://mediatheque.ircam.fr The Librarys newswatch service http://veille.ircam.fr IRCAMs institutional web site http://www.ircam.fr IAMLs Newsletter http://www.iaml.info/publications/newsletter The Gateway http://www.musiquecontemporaine.fr The ISMIR web site http://www.ismir.net Europeana http://www.europeana.eu Yves Raimond: A distributed Music Information System http://moustaki.org/phd/thesis.pdf