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Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future Strategies Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP 1 [email protected] High frequency low consequence Low frequency high consequence

Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future Strategies Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal October

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Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future

Strategies

Dr Rakesh DubeyDirector

Disaster Management InstituteBhopal

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

High frequency low consequence Low frequency high consequence

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Objective of the lecture

• understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment;

• understand the philosophy and methods of control

• understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces.

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Evolution in Indian system

Institutions and Regulations Existing

Monitoring, enforcement is on

Participatory and self evaluation approach has started

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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? ?I f,A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

X Y Z

Equals,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26

Then,

K + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + E11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%

H + A + R + D + W + O + R + K8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%

Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%

But,A + T + T + I + T + U + D + E1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%

Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choiceboth ON and OFF the job

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Organisational OSH poliy and programmes

Design criteria

Person

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Accident Theory

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

“Industrial Accident Prevention”

Social Environmentand Ancestry

Fault of the Person

(Carelessness)

Unsafe Act or

ConditionAccident Injury

MISTAKES OF PEOPLE

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Swiss Cheese Accident Models

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Hazards

Some holes due to active failures (unsafe acts)

Some holes due to latent conditions (resident “pathogens”)

Sharp End Blunt End

organisational factorsline management

factors

Individual/team factors

Influence creating factors

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Brownian movement of accidents

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Objective of the programme

Disaster reduction

Response

Prevention//mitigation

Preparedness

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Prepardness :

• Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency

management plans Risk assessment should make a base for

plans Reach to all important stake holders by

using some common platform• Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk

assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis

• Mitigation Change in process, chemicals,

instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment

includes planning, prevention and mitigation

i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on-site and off-site emergency plans, ISO’s, OSHAS, compliance of the laws, engineering modification

Strengthening the regulators by knowledge upgradation to meet the challenges

Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, for cadre development

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS:

- Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review

RISK ASSESSMENT:

- What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ?

EXTREMES:

- Low probability - Minimal consequences

• System description

• Hazard identification

• Scenario identification

• Accident• probabilit

y

• Accident• consequences

• Risk determination

• risk &• hazard

• acceptable• ?

• Modify design

• Accept system

• Yes

• N0

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Priority Hazards and Risks in industries

• LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase)• Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in

liquid phase) • Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase)• Hydrogen (under pressure in gases)• CO + CH4 (under atmosphere )

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Challenges

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Causality chain

Emission

Environmentaldistribution

Exposure

Effects

MODELLINGor

MONITORING

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Types of Emissions

Continuous emissions

Intermittent emissions

Peak emissions

Block emissions

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Spatial scales

Local scale Area around one point

source/one industry Average environmental

characteristics “Reasonable worst

case” scenario

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production Average environmental

characteristics Two or more sources

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Protection layers for disaster free society

Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances

Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness

Dialogue with local govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation,

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Response

• Training Plant staff from top to bottom including

the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers

• Community Involvement of community in all

important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness

• National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical

preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures

• Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including,

armed forces and NDRF

Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drillsCompliance of regulations

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Response

• Recognize• Avoid• Isolate• Notify

What can I do

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Response mechanism should governed by following 4 Don’ts

The 4 Don’ts

Don’t become a victim

Don’t rush in

Don’t assume anything

Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat,

Smell, Touch)

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Preparedness + Response have base

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering control

administrative

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Administrative and technical control

Worst example of regulatory compliance

Best example for regulatory compliance

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Administrative and engineering

Engineering wayNo engineering arrangements for storing

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Administrative /Engineering failure

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Engineering control

Scrubers Scrubers

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Engineering controlYellow hood is the suction for toxic gas engeeniering control

The wall towards disc end will limit the impact zones due to explosion or fire

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Not good practice

• One worker is having SCBA and other is not in reposnse of toxic gas release

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Good practice

• Both workers are having SCBA and for victim they are taking care for compressed air

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Excercise

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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New Dimensions for emergency planning: Community, Gender issue

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

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Journey continues

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

www.hrdp-idrm.in [email protected]