vii

PREFACE

Praise to the Almighty Lord, Jesus Christ, for all His blessings and guidance

so that the writing process of this thesis, entitled “The Foreign Policy of Indonesia

with Respect to the Interfaith Dialogue in the Period of 2004-2012” can be

completed well. This thesis consists the combination of knowledge and effort and

is made to attain Bachelor Degree in Social Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan,

Lippo Village.

The author realizes that without the guidance, support and prayer from many

people, this bachelor study and thesis would not have been completed. Therefore,

by this opportunity, the author would like to acknowledge, give the highest

respect and thank following persons:

1. Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D. as the Dean of Faculty of Social and

Political Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH) and as the Advisor

Lecturer of this thesis. Much appreciated his time, patience, guidance,

advice, support, and outstanding knowledge sharing that very helpful so

that this thesis could be well completed in timely manner.

2. Mr. Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc., M.M. as the Head of International

Relations Department of UPH.

3. Mr. Indra V. K., S.Sos, M. Asian St. as the Academic Advisor and

Lecturer for the period of undergraduate study at UPH.

4. Mr. Drs. Ignatius Ismanto, M.Si., Mr. Victor Silaen, M.A. Mr. Jerry

Sambuaga, Mr. Irman Gumilang Lanti, Mr. Bhatara Ibnu Rheza, and all

Main Courses and Faculty of Liberal Arts (FLA) UPH lecturers along with

viii

administration staffswho have supported and given valuable knowledge

and administrational support throughout the three and a half year of the

author’s undergraduate study in International Relations Department,

Universitas Pelita Harapan.

5. Mr. Paulus Tasik Galle as staff at Pusat Kerukunan Umat Beragama

(PKUB), Ministry of Religious Affairs, Mr. Elvis Napitupulu and Mr.

Bernard as staffs at Directorate of Diplomacy and Public, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs, Mrs. Novita Rachmawati as Head Department of

International Relations Department at Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo, for

the inputs and supports during the process of data collecting of this thesis.

6. Beloved Family; Parents, Ci Vivia Ng& Ko Andhika Hambali (proof

reader), Ko Wilson Ng, Novia Nikita Ng, thank you very much for all the

unconditional love, prayer, support, and care in the writing process of this

thesis and in the period of undergraduate study.

7. Assistant of Lecturer, Alumni, and along with the senior and all friends in

International Relations of UPH from 2005-2012, especially for Ci Gina

Karina, Ci Cindy Cintasih, and fellow friends particularly from

international class of batch 2009, these was beautiful struggles.

8. The fellow members of Himpunan Mahasiswa Jurusan (HMJ) of

International Relations in the period of 2010/2011.

9. The fellow members of Majelis Perwakilan Mahasiswa (MPM) of UPH in

the period of 2011/2012 with vision of “Existence”.

10. The dearest family and all friends from UPH;Mentoring UPH;Spiritual

Formation Students (SFS); Student Organization and Activities (SOA);all

ix

student organization and activities; Soccer Team ‘Alfa Omega’ – Sekolah

Dian Harapan; Ex XI Social 2 (EXIST); UPH Intercollegiate Soccer Team

2009/2010; ‘services’ partners, Filadelfia Youth Interdenomination (FYI),

Rayon 7, Cipanas-Bogor; fellows from Rayon 3 especially Youth and

Dewasa Muda (DM) GBI Lippo and Komisi Pemuda dan Anak (KPA).

11. My beloved friends Generation Lights of World (G.L.O.W), Nico Tanles,

Rosalina Sariowan, Priscilla Bastiaans, Adeline Aninda, and Avrenita

Christina, thanks a lot for all life sharing, see you all at 10/10/2020.

12. El Simchat Gili Ministry.

13. To all names that cannot be mentioned here one by one, thank you for the

guidance, help and support in the completion of this thesis.

14. Lastly for the beloved university, Universitas Pelita Harapan for awe-

inspiring Vision: True Knowledge, Faith in God, and Godly Characters.

Gratitude for all of minds and characters maturity process.

The author acknowledges that the thesis is still possessing many deficiencies

and not perfect. Therefore, critics, inputs, and suggestions from readers are

welcome and encouraged for further improvement in the future. Hopefully this

thesis could give contribution for the sake of academic, education, and foreign

policy of Republic ofIndonesia along to the importance of Interfaith Dialogue.

“The reverent and worshipful fear of the Lord is the beginning and the principal and choice part of knowledge [its starting point and its essence]; but fools despise skillful and godly Wisdom, instruction, and discipline.”

-Proverbs 1:7

Lippo Village, February 14th, 2012

Adrian Hartanto Ng

x

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER i

STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY ..................................................... ii

THESIS SUPERVISIOR APPROVAL .............................................................. iii

EXAMINATION BOARD APPROVAL ........................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vi

PREFACE ............................................................................................................ vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... x

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. xiii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................... xv

LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. xvii

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

1.1 Background ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Research Question ............................................................................ 7

1.3 Research Purposes ............................................................................ 8

1.4 The Benefit of Research ................................................................... 9

1.4.1 Theoretically ............................................................................ 9

1.4.2 Practically ................................................................................ 9

1.5 Systematical of Research .................................................................. 9

xi

CHAPTER IIFRAMEWORK

2.1 Annotated Bibliography ................................................................. 12

2.2 Theory and Concept Framework .................................................... 18

2.2.1 Constructivism ..................................................................... 18

2.2.1.1 Shared/International Norms ..................................... 20

2.2.2 Foreign Policy ..................................................................... 22

2.2.2.1 Foreign Policy Objectives ........................................ 25

2.2.2.2 Domestic Influences (Democracy) ........................... 27

2.2.2.3 Diplomacy and Foreign Policy ................................ 29

2.2.3 Soft Power ........................................................................... 30

2.2.3.1 Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy .................. 32

2.2.4 Transnational Religion ......................................................... 35

2.2.4.1 Religious Conflict .................................................... 38

2.2.4.2 Peace Building of Interfaith Dialogue ..................... 39

2.2 Analytical Framework Scheme ..................................................... 42

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 43

3.2 Research Design ............................................................................ 45

3.3 Type and Data Sources ................................................................... 47

3.4 Data Collection Techniques ........................................................... 50

3.5 Data Analysis Techniques .............................................................. 52

3.6 Research Limitation ........................................................................ 55

xii

CHAPTER IV ISSUE OF INDONESIA’S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS

INTERFAITH DIALOGUE

4.1 Situation related to the Issue of Interfaith Dialogue ....................... 56

4.1.1 Domestic Situation of Republic of Indonesia with Respect to

the Interfaith Dialogue .......................................................... 57

4.1.2 Global and External Situation of Interfaith Dialogue ........... 66

4.2 Identity and Interest of Republic of Indonesia’s Foreign Policy in

period of 2004-2012 ....................................................................... 72

4.2.1 The Analysis of Foreign Policy of Indonesia in Promoting

Interfaith Dialogue period of 2004-2012 ............................. 80

4.2.2 Interfaith Dialogue as Soft Power for the Republic of

Indonesia ........................................................................................ 90

4.3 Implementation of Republic of Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Actions

with Respect to the Interfaith Dialogue period of 2004-2012 ..... 94

4.4 Reflection of the Researcher towards the Issue of Interfaith

Dialogue ........................................................................................ 105

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion and Suggestion .................................................................. 106

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………..…………………………….113

APPENDICES

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Ten Attributes of FAM ……...…………………………………. 16

Table 3.1 Specification of Types and Sources of Data …………………… 49

Table 4.1 Indonesia’s Independent and Active Foreign Policy

Soeharto and Beyond …………………………………………..

75

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 The Foreign Policy Objectives ………………………………. 26

Figure 2.2 Analytical Framework Scheme ………………………………. 42

Figure 3.1 Research Methodology Scheme……………………...……… 54

Figure 4.1 The International Interfaith Dialogue from 2004-2012 And

Will Be Held By………………………………………………

103

xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

AoC Alliance of Civilization

APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

APIFYC Asia Pacific Inter Faith Youth Camp

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASEF Asia Europe Foundation

ASEM Asia Europe Meeting

BBM Bugis Buton Makasar

BIFD Bilateral Interfaith Dialogue

BSBI Beasiswa Seni dan Budaya Indonesia

CRCS Center for Religious and Cross Cultures Studies

DI/TII Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia

FAM Faith-Based Accountability Mechanism

FKM Forum Kedaulatan Maluku

FKUB Forum Kerukunan Antar Umat Beragama

FPI Front Pembela Islam

GIMD Global Inter-Media Dialogue

GKI Gereja Kristen Indonesia

GoF Group of Friends

HLG High Level Group

HTI Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia

IAIN Institut Agama Islam Nasional

ICIP International Center for Islam and Pluralism

ICIS International Conference of Islamic Scholars

ICRP Indonesian Conference on Religion and Peace

IO International Organization

IR International Relations

JIL Jaringan Islam Liberal

KTT Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi

xvi

LKIS Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial

MMI Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia

MPR Majelis Perwakilan Rakyat

MUI Majelis Ulama Indonesia

NAM Non-Alignment Movement

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NU Nahdlatul Ulama’

OIC Organization of Islamic Conference

PKUB Pusat Kerukunan Umat Beragama

PoA Plan of Action

PPIM Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat

SWPD Southwest Pacific Dialogue

TV Television

UIN Universitas Islam Negeri

UN United Nations

UNGA United Nations General Assembly

USA United States of America

VICISU Vienna International Christian Islamic Summer University

WIHW World Interfaith Harmony Week

WPF World Peace Forum

WTC World Trade Center

xvii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A

Monitoring List………………………………………………………………. A-1

Letter for Directorate of Public Diplomacy ………………………………….

Information Letter from Directorate of Public Diplomacy…………………...

Letter for Minister of Religious Affairs………………………………………

Information Letter from Minister of Religious Affairs……………………….

Letter for Mrs. NovitaRachmawati…………………………………………...

Information Letter from Mrs. NovitaRachmawati……………………………

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-5

A-6

A-7

Proofread Approval…………………………………………………………... A-8

Proofreader’s Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………….... A-9

Appendix B

Interview Transcript with Staff of Minister of Foreign Affairs..…………….. B-1

Interview Transcript with Staff of Minister of Religious Affairs...………….. B-2

Appendix C

“Indonesia dan Dialog LintasIman” from Minister of Foreign Affairs…..….. C-1

Thesis Infographics………………………..…………………..……………… C-2

Shared Concerns and Commitments Indonesia – US Interfaith Cooperation

Forum …………………..…………………..…………………..………………

C-3

Pictures of Interfaith Dialogue Implementation in Indonesia ………………… C-4

Tabloid Diplomasi – June, 2010 “Interfaith Dialogue in International

Relations” ……………..…………………..…………………..……………….

C-5

Appendix D

Curriculum Vitae……………………………...…………………………........ D-1