PRE-READING STRATEGIES

Devoting instructional time to reading preparation helps ensure success for students.

REFLECTION

What is pre-reading ?&

What happens before we begin reading?

PRE-READING RESEARCH

“In this stage background knowledge is provided, new knowledge is related to existing knowledge, purposes for reading are determined, and significant vocabulary terms are pre-taught.”

Wood, K. & Robinson, N. (1983).

GUIDING QUESTIONS

How are students prepared to read a text before they actually begin reading?

What practices are modeled for students to use to engage with text before reading?

PURPOSEToday we will…identify our pre-reading truths;

review research-based, pre-reading strategies that are easy to implement; and

review vocabulary strategies used as a pre-reading tool.

TRUTH # 1 : PREPARING STUDENTS TO HANDLE TEXT INCREASES COMPREHENSION

Dr. Kate Kinsella, recommends allocating 65% of your instructional time to front-loading your instruction.

Front-loading instruction before, during and after reading will assist less proficient readers in tackling demanding text competently.

TRUTH # 2 : WE MUST EXPLICITLY TARGET SPECIFIC SKILLS AND STRATEGIES.

Each time a student is expected to read, teachers need to target one or more skills or strategies and these needs to be communicated to the students.

Skills and strategies are modeled and opportunities for guided practices should be included. The goal is to expect the independent use of the skills and strategies.

TRUTH # 3 : FRONT-LOADING INSTRUCTION ANCHORS READING COMPREHENSION

To ensure success in comprehension employ the following prereading strategies: Build background knowledge Explicitly teach vocabulary Identify text structures Establish a purpose for reading

BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE FACTSBackground Knowledge…

greatly influences comprehension; is organized and stored in the brain so the reader

can use information as needed; helps readers seek and select the information that

is relevant to their purposes for reading ; provides a framework for making connections,

predictions, and making inferences, etc; helps readers organize text information and thus

enhancing the ability to retain and remember what is read; and

helps readers elaborate information thus modifying what is already stored in long term memory.

BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

Picture Walk Video Clips Quickwrite K-W-L Chart K-W-H-L Chart Anticipation Guide

ANTICIPATION GUIDE“An Anticipation Guide is a comprehension strategy designed to encourage interactive reading by requiring students to compare current beliefs and knowledge with text information.”

Merkley, D.J. (1996)

WHY AN ANTICIPATION GUIDE?

“As they read, students encounter information that either:

Verifies shared beliefsEncourages alteration of beliefsEncourages comparison of

beliefs and the new information obtained with the passage”

Merkley, D.J. (1996).

ANTICIPATION GUIDE SAMPLE

Before ReadingAgree or Disagree?

Statement After ReadingAgree or Disagree?Prove It!

Gold was found in North Carolina in 1849.Thousands of people moved to North Carolina in search of gold.

ANTICIPATION GUIDESGreat way to assess students’ previous knowledge.

After students have learned about the topic, they are easy to use as a formative assessment tool as well.

EXPLICITLY TEACH VOCABULARY

IDENTIFY TEXT STRUCTURESThe way authors organize a text.

Genre Specific

ESTABLISH A PURPOSE FOR READING

Before Reading Effective readers set a foundation for reading

success. The three strategies that follow will help students do this important work.1. Activating Prior Knowledge 2. Previewing Lesson Organization3. Map with a Purpose

http://www.civiced.org/pdfs/books/2010bkwtplitguidelvl2MR.pdf

SET A PURPOSE

REFERENCES Merkley, D.J. (1996). Modified anticipation guide. The Reading

Teacher. 50(4), 365-368. Wood, K. & Robinson, N. (1983). Vocabulary, language, and

prediction: A prereading strategy. The Reading Teacher. 36(4) 392-395.

Person Prentice Hall: eTeach http://www.phschool.com/eteach/language_arts/2001_10/essay.html

Parkway School District www.pkwy.k12.mo.us/intra/professional/midsd/.../Prereading.ppt

Reading Rockets http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/anticipation_guide/

Prereading Website http://prereading.weebly.com/ Thinkport http://www.thinkport.org/career/strategies/reading/purpose.tp

PILRS http://timss.bc.edu/PDF/Chap2.pdf

Study Guides & Strategies http://www.studygs.net/preread.htm

WSU Development http://departments.weber.edu/teachall/reading/prereading.html http://prereading.weebly.com/