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Pre- and Post-Bulkhead Water QualityPeru Creek/Snake River CO
Presentation Given to Snake River Task Force 7 Nov 2016Rob Runkel ([email protected])
U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
Overview● 2009 Study Results● Pre- (2009) and Post- (2014/2015) Bulkhead Comparison
● Concentrations● Loads● Peru Mouth vs. Snake below Peru
● Checks for Leakage
● Cinnamon Gulch
● Next Steps
2009 Study Reach
~AW1
2009 Results
2009 Results
2009 Results
2009 Results
Post Bulkhead
Photo by Jeff Graves, State of Colorado
Bulkhead #1
Refurbished F Level Portal Penn Mine F Level
Bulkhead #1F Level Cross Cut Bulkhead #1
Pre- and Post-Bulkhead Water Quality● Compare spatial profiles, pre & post
– Concentration & Load
– Pre-bulkhead (2009 USGS & EPA)(Note: other pre-bulkhead data are available for 2010-2014)
– Post-bulkhead 1 (Oct 2014)
– Post-bulkhead 2 (Oct 2015)
– Coming attaction (data not back from lab):Post-bulkhead 2 (Oct 2016)
● Check for F Level leakage– Monitor wetland inflows & wells
Post Bulkhead Sampling (Oct 2014-16)
● 13 stream sites● 8 inflows● 6 wells● Streamflow by ADV
Pre and Post Bulkhead pH
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Pre- and Post-Bulkhead Zn
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Pre- and Post-Bulkhead Cu
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Streamflows used to calculate loads
Cinnam
on Gulch
Warden
Gulch
Chihua
hu a Gulch
Upper S
n ake R
.
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Pre & Post Bulkhead Zn Load
Cinnam
on Gulch
Warden G
ulch
Chihuahu a G
ulch
Upper S
n ake R
.
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Change due to Bulkhead #1(2009 pre-bulkhead vs. 2014 post-bulkhead #1)
Comparison based on SW-49 Comparison based on SW-50(Peru Cr near mouth) (Snake R. below Peru Creek)
Conc Load Conc Load
pH B WAl W N W BCd B N N BCu B B B BFe W W N BPb B B B BMn N N N BSO4 N N W BZn N N N B
Better (B), Worse (W), or Neutral (N)
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Bulkhead #2● Low Flow Water Quality
– Post-bulkhead #2: Oct 2015
– Post-bulkhead #2: Oct 2016 (data not back from lab)
Change due to Bulkhead #2(2014 post-bulkhead #1 vs. 2015 post-bulkhead #2)
Comparison based on SW-49 Comparison based on SW-50(Peru Cr near mouth) (Snake R. below Peru Creek)
Conc Load Conc Load
pH W WAl W W W WCd N B W WCu N N W WFe B B W WPb N N W WMn W N W WSO4 W W W WZn N N W W
Better (B), Worse (W), or Neutral (N)
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Where we're at / Where we should(?) be: pH
Pre-bulkhead: 2009
Post-bulkhead #1, 2014
Post-bulkhead #2, 2015
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Where we're at / Where we should(?) be: ZnPre-bulkhead: 2009
Post-bulkhead #1, 2014
Post-bulkhead #2, 2015
F level
Cin
n. G
ulch
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Checks for Post-Bulkhead Leakage● Monitor WQ of wetland inflows – PC-510, PC-600, PC-742
– Pre-Bulkhead: Sept 2009; Sept 2014
– Post-Bulkhead: Oct 2014; July 2015; Oct 2015; Oct 2016
510 LBI 600 LBI 742 LBI
Checks for Post-Bulkhead Leakage – InflowsCd Cu
Mn
Zn
Bhead #1
Bh
ead #2
Bhe
ad #1
Bhe
ad #1
Bhea
d #1
Bh
ead #2
Bhea
d #2
Bhe
ad #2
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Checks for Post-Bulkhead Leakage● Monitor WQ of wells
– GWC1 – 4 observations (2 pre, 1 post #1, 1 post #2)
– AW1 and BW1 – 3 obs. (1 pre, 1 post #1, 1 post #2)
Other wells with less data:
– GW3
– GW1, GW4
– GW5, MW02, MW04
Checks for Post-Bulkhead Leakage – Well AW1
Zn
Bhea
d #1
Bh
ead #2
Bhead #1
Cd
Bh
ead #1
CuB
head #2
Mn
Bhead
#1
Bhead
#2
Bhea
d #2
Bhead
#1
Zn
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Post-Bulkhead Leakage● Monitor WQ of wetland inflows
– PC-600 & PC-742 chemistry stable
– PC-510 increase possible but dubious
● Monitor WQ of wells– GWC1 and BW1 stable
– AW1 possibily increasing– GW1, GW3, GW4, GW5, MW02, MW04 – find/generate addl data
Other sources: Cinnamon Gulch● Contributes Pb, Al, Acidity,
SO4, Mn, Zn● Bird/CGS publication (2003):
Only 4% due to mining!● 7 draining adits● 2009 USGS Study (unpublished)
80%
Cinn. Gulch 2009 Synoptic
Cinnamon Gulch Adits CIN-195 LBI
source of water to CIN-489L (2 adits)
Cinnamon Gulch Adits source of water to CIN-504 LBI
source of water to CIN-760
5 adits in photos+ Delaware+ Silver Spoon
Cin Gulch LoadsAl Load
#1: 68 mg/s – 760 RBI (Adit)#2: 52 mg/s – Silverspoon & 195 LBI (Adits)
#4: 42 mg/s – natural
#3: 48 mg/s – 1-3 LB Adits
Delaware
Preliminary Results as of December 1, 2016
Conclusions● 2014: Bulkhead #1 reduced loads and conc.
● 2015: Bulkhead #2, minimal/no improvement
● Lack of improvement may be due to leakage
● Future monitoring: focus on Low Flow
– most of the year
– highest concentrations/toxicity
– may not need summer/high flow sampling
Future● 2016 Results – do they support '15 results
(was Bulkhead #2 not of consequence?)
● 2016 Results – Basin Wide Synoptic to Snake Headwaters ● More Pre/Post Comparison
– additional data for wells● 2017 low flow sampling
● Cinnamon Gulch analysis
Notes: Slides 2-7, 27 – Results from 2009 USGS study; for additional details, see:Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., Verplanck, P.L., and Nimick, D.A., 2013, Estimating instream
constituent loads using replicate synoptic sampling, Peru Creek, Colorado: Journal of Hydrology, v. 489, p. 26-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.031
Slide 12 – Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV)
Slides 13-18, 20-22, 24, 26 – Data from collaborative USGS/EPA low flow studies conducted in 2014 and 2015, wherein water quality samples were processed US EPA contractors and streamflow estimates were obtained by USGS hydrologists.
Slide 28 – Bird/CGS (2003):Bird, D.A., 2003, Characterization of anthropogenic and natural sources of acid rock drainage at the
Cinnamon Gulch abandoned mine land inventory site, Summit County, Colorado: Environmental Geology, v. 44 no. 8, p. 919-932 DOI: 10.1007/s00254-003-0835-9
Slide 32 – Results from 2009 USGS study; results are provisional and subject to revision
Unless noted otherwise, all photographs by R.L. Runkel
Contact Information:Rob RunkelResearch HydrologistU.S. Geological SurveyColorado Water Science [email protected]://profile.usgs.gov/runkel
