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CORRELATION BETWEEN HYPERMATUR

CATARACT AND ACUTE GLAUCOMA

Yasmine Marella

030.08.259


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INTRODUCTION

Senile cataract continues to be the main cause of visualimpairment and blindness in the world. In recent studies done inChina, Canada, Japan, Denmark, Argentina, and India, cataractwas identified as the leading cause of visual impairment and

blindness, with statistics ranging from 33.3% (Denmark) to as

high as 82.6% (India). Published data estimate that 1.2% of theentire population of Africa is blind, with cataract causing 36% ofthis blindness. In a survey conducted in 3 districts in the Punjab

plains, the overall rates of occurrence of senile cataract was 15.3%among 1269 persons examined who were aged 30 years and olderand 4.3% for all ages. This increased markedly to 67% for ages 70years and older. An analysis of blind registration forms in the westof Scotland showed senile cataract as 1 of the 4 leading causes of

blindness.(6)


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ANATOMY OF EYE


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CATARACT

Cataracts are changes in clarity of the

natural lens inside the eye that gradually

degrade visual quality


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RISK FACTOR CATARACT


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ETIOLOGY CATARACT

hereditary enzyme defects

severe trauma to the eye

eye surgery intraocular inflammation

Degeneration lens (aging)


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TYPES OF CATARACT

Congenital cataract

Juvenile cataract

Senile cataract Trauma cataract


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STAGE OF SENILE CATARACT

Insipien cataract

Cloudiness in anterior subcapsular

Monokuler dyplopia Mild degeneration

Normal visus

Shadow test negative


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Imatur cataract

Lens absorb a fluid

Lens dome shaped/ intumesen Myopia

Iris pushed to the front

COA narrowed Shadow test positive


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Matur cataract

Cloudiness a whole lens

Normal size of lens COA/ iris is normal

Descend of visus

Positive of projection light Shadow test negative


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Hypermatur cataract

Lens is melt

Small Size of lens The nucleus lens is drowning (morgagni)

Capsul degenerationuveitis/ phacolytic

glaucoma Shadow test positive


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SYMPTOM CATARACT

Clouded, blurred or dim vision

Increasing difficulty with vision at night

Sensitivity to light and glare

Seeing "halos" around lights

Frequent changes in eyeglass or contactlens prescription

Fading or yellowing of colorsDouble vision in a single eye


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DIAGNOSED CATARACT

visual acuity test

slit-lamp examination

retinal examination


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RISK FACTOR GLAUCOMA


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CLASSIFICATION GLAUCOMA

Primary glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma Absolute glaucoma


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SYMPTOM ACUTE GLAUCOMA

severe eye pain

Headache

nausea and vomiting visual blurring

Elevated IOP


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DIAGNOSED GLAUCOMA

Tonometry

Pachymetry

GonioscopyOpthalmoscopy

Visual field test


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PATHOFISIOLOGY


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SURGICAL CARE

1. Trabeculectomy

2.trabeculoplasty

Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT)

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT)

3.Iridotomy

4. Cataract surgery


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TRABECULECTOMY


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LASER TRABECULOPLASTY


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LASER IRIDOTOMY


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CONCLUSION

Hypermatur cataract can caused melt the lens and drowning thenucleus lens (morgagni) it is influence of many factors likephysical factor,Radiation cataract, systemic disorder,dermatologic disorder ( the lens share a common embryologicalorigin, the ectoderm), central nervous system disorder, localocular disease,toxic causes, hereditary, congenital, age relatedcataract(senile cataract).(2)

hypermatur cataract occur denatured lens protein leaks outthrough an intact capsule and is engulfed by macrophages, it isusually call with phacolytic galucoma. The macrophages thenocclude an open angle. it is make elevate the intraocular pressure

and occur symptom acute glaucoma.

(1)

The treatment for this disease, consist of medical care and

surgical care. To reduce the reccurency, the surgical care is thebest choice.


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REFERENCES

Yanoff M, Dukker JS. OPHTALMOLOGY 2nd ed. Spain : Mosby;2004;178 : 1201-02; 35 : 269-279; 220 :1482.

Llyas HS. Ilmu Penyakit Mata 3rded. Jakarta : Medical Faculty of University Indonesia, 2010,205-212.

Medscape [homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma Phacolytic, USA : Medscape ,Inc.; [updated2009 Mar 12; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1204814-overview#a0101.

Medscape [homepage on the Internet]. Senile Cataract Clincal Presentation, USA : Medscape

,Inc.; [updated 2011 Feb 4; cited 2011 June 25]. Availablefrom:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210914-clinical#a0217

Emedicine Health[homepage on the Internet]. Senile Cataract Clincal Presentation, California:Emedicine Health ,Inc.; [updated 2011 July 4; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from :http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cataracts/page2_em.htm

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research[homepage on the Internet]. Cataracts,Minnesota: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research,Inc.; [updated 2010 May 20;cited 2011 June 25]. Available from:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cataracts/DS00050/DSECTION=symptoms Bermatasya. Classification of Cataracts, Minnesota: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and

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REFERENCES

Medicine Net[homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma, California : MedicineNet,Inc.; [updated 2011 July 4; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from:http://www.medicinenet.com/glaucoma/page4.htm

Docshop[homepage on the Internet]. Cataracts Types, California :Docshop,Inc.; [updated 2011; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from:http://www.docshop.com/education/vision/eye-diseases/cataracts/types

Medscape[homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma Lens-Particle Treatment andmanagement, USA : Medscape,Inc.; [updated 2010 Apr 26; cited 2011 June 25].Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1204687-treatment

Encyclopedia of Surgery[homepage on the Internet]. Laser Iridotomy, USA :Advameg,Inc.; [updated 2011; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from:http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/La-Pa/Laser-Iridotomy.html

EyeCare America [homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma Filtration Surgery,

USA : EyeCare America,Inc.; [updated 2007; cited 2011 June 25]. Availablefrom: http://www.eyecareamerica.org/eyecare/treatment/glaucoma-filtration/index.cfm

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