Unmanned Aircraft Systems

(UAS) Integration in the National

Airspace System (NAS) Project

TAAC 2016

UAS INTEGRATION IN THE NASDecember 1, 2016Davis HackenbergDeputy Project Manager, Integration

Aeronautics Research Centers

NASA Organizational Structure

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Mission Directorates

Airspace Operations

and Safety Program

Advanced Air Vehicles

ProgramIntegrated Aviation

Systems Program

Transformative

Aeronautics Concepts

Program

AOSP AAVP IASP

TACP

Safe, Efficient

Growth in Global

Operations

Real-Time System-

Wide Safety

Assurance

Assured Autonomy

for Aviation

Transformation

Ultra-Efficient

Commercial Vehicles

Innovation in

Commercial

Supersonic Aircraft

Transition to Low-

Carbon Propulsion

Assured Autonomy for

Aviation Transformation

Flight research-

oriented, integrated,

system-level R&T

that supports all

six thrusts

X-planes/

test environment

High-risk, leap-frog

ideas that support all

six thrusts

Critical cross-cutting

tool development

MISSION

PROGRAMS

SEEDLING

PROGRAM

ARMD Organizational Structure, Programs Overview

3

IASP Projects

• UAS-NAS

• Environmentally

Responsible Aviation (ERA)

• Flight Demonstrations &

Capabilities (FDC)

UAS-NAS Phase 2Project Organization Structure

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Project Support: Technical

Staff Engineer Dan Roth, AFRC

Systems Eng Lead TBD, TBD

Project LeadershipProject Manager (PM) Laurie Grindle, AFRC

Deputy PM Robert Sakahara, AFRC

Deputy PM, Integration Davis Hackenberg, AFRC

Chief Engineer TBD, TBD

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Command and Control (C2)

TC-C2

Subproject Manager

Mike Jarrell, GRC

Subproject Technical Lead

Jim Griner, GRC

Detect and Avoid (DAA)

TC-DAA

Subproject Manager

Jay Shively, ARC

Subproject Technical Leads

Confesor Santiago, ARC; TBD, ARC;Tod Lewis, LaRC

Integrated Test & Evaluation

TC-ITE

Subproject Manager

Heather Maliska, AFRC

Subproject Technical Leads

Jim Murphy, ARC; Sam Kim, AFRC

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Technical Work Packages (TWP): Terrestrial Extensions, Ku-/Ka-band SatCom, C-band SatCom

Technical Work Packages (TWP): Alternative Surveillance, Well Clear, ACAS Xu, External Collaboration, Integrated Events

Technical Work Packages (TWP):, Integration of Technologies into LVC-DE, Simulation Planning and Integration, Integrated Flight Test, LVC-DE Infrastructure Sustainment

Project Support: Project Planning & Control

Lead Resource Analyst April Jungers, AFRC

Resource Analysts Winter Preciado, AFRC

Carmen Park, ARC

Julie Blackett, GRC

Pat O’Neal, LaRC

Scheduler Shirley Sternberg, AFRC

Risk Manager Jamie Turner, AFRC

Change/Doc. Mgmt Stacey Jenkins, AFRC

Admin Lexie Brown, AFRC

Emerging Commercial UAS Operational Environments (OE)

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Cooperative

Traffic

60K’ MSL

18K’ MSL

10K’ MSL

500’ AGL

Airport

Cooperative

Traffic

Terminal

Airspace

Non-cooperative

Traffic

Non-cooperative

Traffic

Low-Altitude UnpopulatedLow risk BVLOS rural operations

without aviation services. (Example Use Case: Agriculture)

Low-Altitude PopulatedMust interface with dense controlled air traffic

environments as well as operate safely amongst the traffic in uncontrolled airspace.

(Example Use Case: Traffic Monitoring / Package Delivery)

IFR -likeUAS will be expected to meet certification standards and

operate safely with traditional air traffic and ATM services.(Example Use Case: Communication Relay / Cargo Transport)

TweenersThese UAS will operate at altitudes below critical NAS

infrastructure and will need to routinely integrate with both cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft. (Example Use Case: Infrastructure Surveillance)

MINIMUM ENROUTE

ALTITUDE

Command and Control (C2) Performance StandardOperational Environments (OE)

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Cooperative

Traffic

60K’ MSL

18K’ MSL

10K’ MSL

500’ AGL

Cooperative

Traffic

Communications

Satellite

UAS GroundControl Station

SATCOMTransmitter

“Tweener”UAS

Ku/Ka SATCOM Link

SATCOM C2 Data Link

Terrestrial C2 Data Link

CNPC Ground Stations

UAS GroundControl Station

LegendCurrent Research Areas (FY14- FY16)Proposed Research Areas (FY17 – FY20)

Terrestrial C2 Data Link

Terrestrial C2 Data Link

Network

Recent Accomplishments: C2 Phase 1 MOPS

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Verify and Validate C2 MOPS RequirementsObjective: Analyze the performance of fifth generation Control and Non-Payload Communication System (CNPC) prototypes

Accomplishment: Utilized Gen-5 radios at three CNPC ground stations and onboard GRC S-3B aircraft in order to collect data for performance in two relevant environments

Spectrum Compatibility Analysis Objective: Develop data and rationale to obtain appropriate frequency spectrum allocations to enable the safe and efficient operation of UAS in the NAS

Accomplishment: NASA conducted sharing study results delivered at the 2015 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-15) to support Ku & KaBand frequency Allocations

Final C2 MOPS released through RTCA in July 2016

C2 Subproject Structure for Project Phase 2

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Integrated Flight Test Support

(IT&E TWP)

Command and Control

<TC-C2>

Subproject Manager (SPM)

Mike Jarrell, GRC

Subproject Technical Leads

Jim Griner, GRC

Terrestrial Extension C-Band SATCOMKu/Ka-Band SATCOM

C2 Performance Standards

Develop C2 Prototype

System

Conduct C2 Flight Test and MS&A

Data LinkCNPC SpectrumCNPC Security

BVLOS/BRLOSATC Interoperability

C2MOPS

C2Technical Standard

Order (TSO)

C2 Performance Requirements to inform C2 MOPS

Develop C2 Requirements

Detect and Avoid (DAA) Performance StandardOperational Environments (OE)

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60K’ AGL

18K’ AGL

10K’ AGL

500’ AGL

MINIMUM ENROUTE

ALTITUDE

LegendCurrent Research Areas (FY14- FY16)Proposed Research Areas (FY17 – FY20)

Cooperative Traffic

Non-cooperative

Aircraft

HALE aircraft

Ground Based Radar

UAS GroundControl Station

GBSAA Data

AlternativeDAA Sensors

ACAS Xu

“Tweener”UASDAA System for Transition

to Operational Altitude

DAA System for Operational Altitudes

(> 500ft AGL)Terminal Area Ops

Recent Accomplishments: DAA Phase 1 MOPS

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Human Systems Integration “Part Task 6”Objective: Conduct final V&V activity in support of the SC-228 DAA human machine interface requirements for displays, alerting, and guidance

Accomplishment: Verified pilot performance against minimum requirements, re-evaluated performance differences between a standalone and integrated DAA displays

DAA End to End V&VObjective: Verify and Validate (V&V) a MOPS-representative Detect and Avoid (DAA) system in an End-to-End simulation environment representative of the MOPS

Accomplishment: Final closed-loop, pilot (model)-in-the-loop, end-to-end simulation evaluation of MOPS leveraging encounter sets from MOPS test cases & MIT/LL NAS encounter model

Final DAA MOPS scheduled to be released through RTCA in December 2016

Integrated DAA Display

Recent Accomplishments: DAA Phase 1 MOPS

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Integrated Test and Evaluation FT4Objective: • Conduct Flight Test Series 4 integrating the latest SSI algorithms, HSI displays, and active test aircraft

sensors using the Live, Virtual, Constructive test environment• Document the performance of the test infrastructure in meeting the flight test requirements

Accomplishment: FT4 successfully completed on 6/30/2016• 2 system checkout and 19 data collection flight tests• 11 weeks (April 12 - June 30)• 321 air-to-air encounters

Final DAA MOPS scheduled to be released through RTCA in December 2016

Scripted Encounters Flight Test ExecutionFT4 Flight Assets

FT4 Class Picture

SAF MissionControl Room

Flight card encounterDAA alerting andmaneuver guidance

Intruder in a maneuver asseen by the Ikhana MTS-B

LVC LabLVC

DAA Subproject Structure for Project Phase 2

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Detect and Avoid

<TC-DAA>

Subproject Manager (SPM)

Jay Shively, ARC

Subproject Technical Leads

Confesor Santiago, ARC, Tod Lewis, LaRC, TBD, ARC

Alternate Surveillance

Requirements

Well ClearAlerting

RequirementsACAS Xu

External Collaborations

Integrated Events

SAA Performance Standards

Develop DAA Test beds

Conduct SAA Flight Test and MS&A

Human FactorsPerformance Trade-offsInteroperabilitySelf Separation

CONOPsWell Clear

Collision Avoidance

DAAMOPS

SAATechnical Standard

Order (TSO)

SAA Performance Requirements to

inform DAA MOPSDevelop SAA Performance & Interoperability Requirements

IT&E Subproject Structure for Project Phase 2T

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Integrated Test & Evaluation

<TC-ITE>

Subproject Manager (SPM)

Heather Maliska, AFRC

Subproject Technical Leads

Sam Kim, AFRC, Jim Murphy, ARC

LVC-DE Infrastructure Sustainment

Integration of Technologies into

LVC-DE

Simulation Planning & Integration

Integrated Flight Test

Integrated Test & Evaluation

Develop Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) Test Infrastructure

Conduct TC Specific Testing

Re-usable Test Infrastructure

ACAS Xu FT2 Conduct FT5Test Scenarios

Conduct FT6 Test Scenarios

Develop DAA Prototype

System