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dB
L0-p
Lp-p
Pa
dBRMS
SPL
SEL
Source level
Received level
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000
So
urc
e n
ois
e le
ve
l (d
B r
e 1
µP
a@
1m
)
Frequency (kHz)
Explosion
LFAS-MFAS
Fishing
vessel
Whale Dolphin, porpoise
Airgun
Dredger Belgica
echosounder
After Seiche, 2002; ACCOBAMS/ASCOBANS, in prep.
Piling
Ambient noise
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Fanny van Elewijck
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Fanny van Elewijck
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0
3
6
9
12
15
18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Lesser black-backed gull
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Common gull
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Sandwich tern
***
**
.
.
***
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
northern gannet
common guillemot
little gull
razorbill
black-legged kittiwake
great black-backed gull
lesser black-backed gull
common gull
herring gull
model coefficient
wind farm + 0.5km buffer
0,0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
Before After
Mea
n d
en
sity
(n/k
m²)
Herring gull
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2
Before After
Mea
n d
en
sity
(n/k
m²)
Northern gannet
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
Before After
Mea
n d
en
sity
(n/k
m²)
Common guillemot (Oct-Mar)
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
Before After
Mea
n d
en
sity
(n/k
m²)
Lesser black-backed gull
Control area
Impact area
.
.
*
*
***
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
common gull
northern gannet
common guillemot
lesser black-backed gull
herring gull
razorbill
black-legged kittiwake
little gull
great black-backed gull
common tern
sandwich tern
model coefficient
Phase I + 3 km buffer
3 Annex I species!!!
Northern
gannet Common gull
Lesser black-
backed gull Herring gull
Great black-
backed gull
Black-legged
kittiwake
Winter 0 3 0 3 3 19
Spring 0 0 40 3 4 10
Summer 0 0 22 0 0 0
Autumn 1 0 3 0 21 3
Number/year 1 3 65 6 28 32
Number/(turbine*year) 0.02 0.05 1.18 0.11 0.51 0.58
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