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Potentials and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Technology. Copenhagen, December 2, 2005 Halldor Matthias Sigurdsson ([email protected]). Is it the open sea for the pirates?. Or a chest of gold for those who can master it?. Motivation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Technology
Copenhagen, December 2, 2005Copenhagen, December 2, 2005
Halldor Matthias Sigurdsson ([email protected])
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 2
Motivation
Or a chest of gold for those who can master it?
There seem to be two dominant views about peer-to-peer technology
Is it the open sea for the pirates?
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 3
Motivation
Both are wrong
Peer-to-Peer technology is an ALTERNATIVE, which is and will be used when feasible
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 4
Introduction
Peer-to-Peer: What, why, where
Economic Analysis of P2P Networks
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of P2P
Business and revenue models in P2P
The current status and future of P2P
Analysis of Skype
Proposal of a new service
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 5
Peer-to-Peer Networks
STREAMINGSERVER
ISP1 ISP2 ISPN
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
BACKBONE NETWORK
ISP1 ISP2 ISPN
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
BACKBONE NETWORK
Client / Server Peer-to-Peer
Have traditionally suffered from being:
Single point of failure Resource Demanding Does not scale well Congestion prone
Have traditionally suffered from being
Uncontrollable Illegal content Unreliable low quality
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 6
Key Design Issues
Centralised
Peer Peer
Peer
Peer
Decentralised
Peer Peer
Peer
Peer
Hybrid
Peer Peer
Peer
Peer
Signalling Content
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 7
Development of P2P Networks
Nerds Mainstream
1st Era 2nd Era 3rd Era 4th Era
Period 1999-2001 2000-2002 2002-2004 Recent trends
Architecture Centralised Decentralised
Hybrid Hybrid
Functionality Mainly file-sharing
Mainly file-sharing
File-sharing, Messaging
File-sharing, IM, VoIP, Games
Dominant Application Napster Gnutella, KaZaa
BitTorrent, MSN
Skype, Avalanche, PodCasting
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 8
Economic Analysis
Joy of content
Incentive
Price ofcontent
Opportunitycost
Revenue
Incentive
OPEXCAPEX
Licence fee
Operator UtilityPeer Utility
Peers and Operators have utility functions that they try to maximise
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 9
Case of file-sharing
Joy of content
Price ofcontent Opportunity
cost
Peer-to-Peer Utility
Peers will continue sharing, while there is no other alternative that gives higher utility
Joy of content
Price ofcontent
Client / Server Utility
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 10
SWOT
SWOT Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Technology
Strengths Weaknesses
Abundance of cheap resourcesNatural ScalabilitySelf organising / maintainingNetwork redundancyDriver for broadband
Security and AuthenticationPeer heterogeneity and instabilityLack of successful business modelsExpensive inter-domain trafficLack of incentive mechanism
Opportunities Threats
Inexpensive infrastructureDevelopment and new servicesLowers barriers to entry
Illegal contentSecurityStability / Redundancy / QoSAsymmetrical benefits (e.g. between customers and ISPs)
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 11
Future Applications
Super Nodes
Clients
ServerP2P will become a competing transmission technology
Application Domain:
File-sharing and downloading
Streaming content / VoD
On-line Gaming
Telecommunication
Video-conferencing
Cooperative working
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 12
Skype
Super Nodes
Clients
Server
What is so special about Skype:Worth $ 2.5 billion to begin with
easy, good quality and free 50 million registered users
Scalable and no infrastructure
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 13
New Service Idea
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Empirical Study
Period 1 April 2005 - 30 April 2005
No Successful Requests
476.295
Transmitted bites 4,70 Tb
Current Trad. SIP2P
Rate 240 Kb 2 Mb 2 Mb
Relative TCO
1 8,3 0,9
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 14
How does it work?
STREAMINGSERVER
ISP1 ISP2 ISPN
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
BACKBONE NETWORK
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Transmission Statistics
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time [hour]
Av
era
ge
re
qu
es
ts p
r. h
ou
r
0
5
10
15
20
25
MB
Av
era
ge
tra
ns
mit
ted
by
tes
pr.
ho
ur
No of successfulrequests
Transmitted Bytes
Concurrent Users
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
01-04-05 06-04-05 11-04-05 16-04-05 21-04-05 26-04-05
Date
Ma
x n
o o
f u
se
rs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Min
no
of
us
ers
Max. No. ofcontemporary usersMin. No. ofcontemporary users
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 15
Conclusion
P2P is becoming mainstream and being incorporated into an increasing number of applications
P2P has to consider all members of the value chain to be successful
P2P offers great opportunities of increased efficiency, development and can reduce barrier to entry
Peer-to-Peer technology is an ALTERNATIVE, which is and will be used when feasible
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 16
Questions ?
For questions or commentsPlease feel free to contact
Center for Information and Communication Technologies
Potentials and challanges of peer-to-peer Page 17
Conceptual Model
SERVICE LAYER
CONNECTIVITY LAYER
ACCESS LAYER
SEEDINGSERVER
ACCOUNTINGSERVER
METASERVER
DRMSERVER
ISP ISP ISP
SUPERNODE
SUPERNODE
SUPERNODE
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
. . .
PEERS
MANAGEMENT
BACKBONE NETWORK
Seeding Server Accounting Server DRM Server Meta Server
Future Multimedia Framework Legal Content SIP2P competes Why use SIP2P?
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