Post Fukushima accident safety assessment,

requirement and study in China

CHEN song

Technical Meeting on Evaluation of NPP Design Safety

June 26th -29th 2013 IAEA, Vienna

safety assessment, requirement and study in China

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Safety Assessment of Chinese NPPs

3. Safety Regulatory Requirements(SRR)

4. SRR implementation—Margin Enhancement

5. Safety Study

6. Summary

Post Fukushima accident Safety Activities in China

1 Safety assessment of Chinese NPP

– State Council Executive Conference reaffirmed Safety First

– Initiate Safety Inspection of Civilian Nuclear Facilities and

nuclear power plants to evaluate whether the safety of

operation and under-construction NPPs systematically is

ensured.

2 Safety Regulatory Requirement

– Establishment of Nuclear Safety Plan to guide the safety

design for the future NPPs in China.

Near term action: General technology requirements for

NPP design improvement.

Long term action/Further safety requirements: Physical

Elimination of significant release radioactive materials,

Radioactive Effluent Release requirement for Inland

NPP in any condition.

1 Introduction

State Council Executive Conference reaffirmed Safety First

during the progress of nuclear power development and

approved and imposed four resolutions on March 16, 2011.

Start safety evaluation on operating nuclear facilities and

NPP immediately.

Enhance the safety management of operating nuclear

facilities and NPP.

Conduct a comprehensive review of the NPPs under

construction.

Review and approve the new nuclear power projects

strictly. Suspend approval of new NPPs until the nuclear

safety plan is in place.

2 Safety Assessment of Chinese NPPs

Safety comprehensive inspection activities

To satisfy the four national resolutions, NNSA, National

Energy Administration and China Earthquake

Administration organized and implemented Nuclear Safety

Comprehensive Inspection for operating and constructing

nuclear facilities.

Operating and constructing NPPs performs self-review

and response to the requirements of NNSA.

Inspection scope: Based on Chinese condition and refer

to the lessons of Fukushima accidents and the relative

international safety assessment, External Events, Severe

Accident, Emergency Management, Project Management

and Design etc. aspects are focused.

2 Safety Assessment of Chinese NPPs

Results of Safety Evaluation: Using the current

effective nuclear safety regulations and guidelines,

all NPPs in China are safe and reliable

Basically, operation and constructing NPPs met with the

requirements of Chinese Safety code as well as those of

IAEA.

Severe accident prevention and consequence mitigation

measures already or will be considered in operation and

constructing NPPs.

2 Safety Assessment of Chinese NPPs

National Policy– Nuclear Safety Plan

The nuclear safety plan was submitted to State Council

in Dec 2011, and was accepted in Oct 2012.

– Based on the feedback from review and inspection,

NNSA prepared the nuclear safety plan.

– The plan raised 9 key tasks, 5 key projects and 8

safeguard measurements, in order to achieve the

international advanced nuclear safety level.

Nuclear safety plan defined the development position

and challenge, guideline and target, important

assignment and guarantee condition, based on the

experiences in nuclear safety and the demands of

development.

3 Safety Regulatory Requirements (SRR)

Fukushima Safety enhancement Activities:

Near term action of safety enhancement: General technology

requirements. G-III technology will be implemented.

Long term action of safety enhancement: key safety issue

should be resolved and applied in safety design for new

construction NPPs.

– Physical Elimination of significant release radioactive

materials.

– Radioactive Effluent Release requirement for Inland NPP.

We called SRR with three most: Most advanced safety standards,

most advanced technology used, most strict discharge

requirements. The economy of nuclear power will be challenged.

3 Safety Regulatory Requirements (SRR)

In order to further increase the nuclear safety, NNSA issued the

“General technical requirements”, which includes 8 topics to

guide the potential design improvement.

Flood resistance

Emergency water supply

Mobile power supply

Monitor of spent fuel pool

Monitor and control of hydrogen

Emergency operating facility

Monitor of radiation and environment

External hazards prevention

3 Safety Regulatory Requirements (SRR)

1. According to the government safety regulatory requirements,

safety evaluations on operation, design and development of NPP

were conducted, using the current effective nuclear safety

regulations and guidelines.

2. Considering the Fukushima accident was caused by beyond

design basis earthquake and tsunami, great importance was

attached to the capacity of NPPs against extreme natural hazards.

3. Based on the passive safety design philosophy, AP1000/CAP1400

has good capability against external hazards. Even in postulated

Fukushima type accident, AP1000/CAP1400 could maintain the

long term NPP operation safety with limited offsite support.

4 SRR implementation – Margin Enhancement

In order to further increase the margin of NPP safety, effective

measures are taken into account in the dry site selection:

1. Provide mobile water supply—extension of cooling capability.

2. Provide mobile power supply – extension of power supply

3. Improve environment radiation monitor –enhance the

understanding and risk protection of emergency situation.

4. Strengthen EOF design—enhance the emergency response

capability.

4 SRR implementation – Margin enhancement

How safe is safe enough to be a puzzle for government, safety

administrator, utilities, designer and public.

Achievement to “Physical Elimination of significant release

radioactive materials” maybe the solution to the puzzle.

– What’s the General & Specific Safety Provisions for

physical elimination of significant release radioactive

materials need to be defined.

What is the general deterministic and probability

objectives.

What is the design criteria for the extent design

extension conditions.

What kind of the beyond external event need to be

considered

……

5 Safety Study

The China inland NPP projects suspended due to the rising

suspicions after the Fukushima accidents occurred.

Restart the China inland NPPs the two key safety issues must

be resolved:

– Physical Elimination of significant release radioactive

materials

– Radioactive Effluent Release requirement for Inland NPP.

5 Safety Study

Tianwan

★Beijing

Qinshan I,II,III

Daya Bay Ling’ao I,II

Shanghai

Taohuajiang

Xianning

Pengze

Shidaowan

审查中24台 Other 24 units is under permission

已投运17台 17 units in operation

Fangjiashan

Changjiang

Ningde

Fuqing

Yangjiang

Taishan (EPR)

Sanmen

Haiyang

Hongyanhe

Fangchenggang

在建28台 28 units under construction

Jingyu

Luoyang

Peng’an

Fuling

Changde

Baiyin

Xudabao Donggan

Xuyu

Wenzhou

Zhangzhou Putian

Lufeng

Wuhu

Jiyang

Sanming

Fengdu

提议中80余台 More than 80 units is proposed

-14-

5 Safety Study

The China inland NPP projects suspended due to the rising suspicions

after the Fukushima accidents occurred.

Restart the China inland NPPs the two key safety issues must

be resolved:

– Physical Elimination of significant release radioactive

materials.

– Radioactive Effluent Release requirement for Inland NPP.

5 Safety Study

Physical Elimination of significant release radioactive materials.

There still bargain the quantity definition, general and specific

requirements for physical elimination of significant release

radioactive materials.

The resolution is pressed for nuclear energy development

especially after Fukushima accident.

Draft study to be discussed:

– Definition: 5 × E14 Bq I-131dose equivalent , upper limit

of INES-4 event“

– Deterministic and Probability requirements:

Enhance the effectiveness of the independence

between the levels of Defense-in-depth.

LRF<a limit, which is less than 1.0E-6/reactor year,

such as 1.0E-7/reactor year

5 Safety Study

Radioactive Effluent Release requirement for Inland NPP.

Study the zero release of Radioactive effluent during normal

operation

Study the resort and disposal of high radioactive waste liquid

during severe accidents.

5 Safety Study

1. Enhancement of the safety of NPPs is the most important for

the sustainable development of Nuclear Power. The lessons

learned and countermeasures taken resulting from Fukushima

is a long term process and need the cooperation and support

among member states.

2. In order to ensure energy supply, optimize energy structure,

and control greenhouse-gas emissions, electric power and

economic development of China needs nuclear power.

3. China will perform the close cooperation with other countries,

and try our best to enhance the nuclear safety performance

and develop the advanced technology to meet the economic

development requirements under the guide of IAEA .

6 Summary