Effect of Post-activation Potentiation in Collegiate Female High Jumpers

Research ProposalBoise State University

By Becca Bush

Outline

Introduction Literature Review

› Gender› Training status› Mode› Load› Rest interval

Methods

HIG

H JU

MP Requires power.

P = F x V

PO

WER

IN S

PO

RT

Plyometrics

Olympic Lifts

Whole Body Vibration

Post-activation Potentiation

Phenomenon Result: muscular performance acutely

enhanced. Due to a conditioning of the muscle in

the contractile history of the muscle.

Post-activation Potentiation

What affect does a muscle’s contractile history have on subsequent

contractions?

Post-activation Potentiation

Does this increase in subsequent contractions only hold true for summation or

Can a contraction at some point after the muscle has relaxed have greater force because of previous contractions?

PA

P

Contra

ctile C

onditio

nin

gR

eco

very

Perio

d

CC PAP

PAP

Fat.

RPFat.

Need› Mechanism studied, but not manipulation

of variables Purpose

› To determine acute effects of PAP in elite female high jumpers

Hypothesis› PAP will effectually increase vertical jump

performance in female high jumpers

Literature Review

• Gender• Training status• Mode• Load• Rest interval

GEN

DER

GENDER # of studies

Females only zero

Males only seven

Male and Female

three

Male vs Female one

Rixon et al., (2007): Males had 2.9% increase in countermovement jump (CMJ); women had 1.2% in CMJ.

Males have greater strength than females. Males have larger muscles; more surface

area for neural stimulation and potentiation.

TR

AIN

ING

STA

TU

S

Untrained

Inexperienced

Anaerobically trained

Recreationally trained

Recreationally trained

Professional athlete

Weight training course

Subjects Contractile Conditioning

Effect

Khamoui et al. (2009)

16 rec trained men

BSQ Decrease in CMJ

Kilduff et al. (2007)

23 pro rugby players

BSQ Increase in CMJ

Dynam

ic Squat (D

S)

Maxim

al V

olu

nta

ry

Contra

ction (M

VC

)

Six studies included DS› Three used only DS

Two found decreased CMJ (untrained)› Three compared DS to another mode

Esformes et al. (2010) found increased CMJ in DS vs Plyometrics or inactivity

Three studies included MVC› All resulted in increased CMJ› When compared to DS, MVC showed greater

increases in CMJ

MO

DE O

F EX

ER

CIS

E

MO

DE O

F EX

ER

CIS

E

Functional Isometric Squat (FIS)

Berning et al. (2010) found a 5.5% increase in CMJ after FIS. This is a greater increase than all other reviewed studies save Kovacevic et al. (2010) who found a 7% increase in elite tennis players after a 6 second MVC.

INTE

NS

ITY O

F CO

NTR

AC

TILE

C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Evasive

Loads vary from 150% 1RM to 5% of bodyweight (BW).

150% 1RM resulted5.5% CMJ increase; 5% BW resulted 1.3% CMJ increase.

Many have used 85%1RM; all found varying results.

MVC (maximal in nature) has shown significant increases in CMJ.

In theory, higher intensities produce greater increases in CMJ.

RES

T IN

TER

VA

L

Vary from zero seconds to 20 minutes

Kovacevic et al. (2010) saw 7% increases after 90 seconds

Linder et al. (2010) saw 1.2% increase after 9 minutes

Kilduff et al. (2007) tested CMJ after a 3RM BSQ. Tested at zero seconds, 4 min, 8, 12, 16, and 20 min rest.

Proposed Methods

Procedures

Session 1

• Measure leg segment heights

• Baseline CMJ

• Calculate 1RM

• Practice FIS

Session 2

• 5-10 BSQ, easy resistance

• 2 x 1 BSQ, 50-75% 1RM

• Rest 5 min• 1 x 1 FIS; 150% 1

RM; 3 sec• Rest 8 min; CMJ• Rest 2 min (10

total); CMJ• Rest 2 min (12

total); CMJ

References

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