Pomorske Karte i Plovidbeni Prirucnici Istocnog Jadrana Tijekom Povijesti

8/10/2019 Pomorske Karte i Plovidbeni Prirucnici Istocnog Jadrana Tijekom Povijesti

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Mithad Kozlii

Pomorske karte i plovidbeni prirunici istonog

Jadrana tijekom povijesti

The Eastern Adriatic Nautical Chards and Pilot

Books throughout History

Miscellanea Hadriatica et Mediterranea, Vol. 1,

Zadar, 2013, 171-199.


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abstract

U radu se predoavaju najbtnje znaajke povjesnog ra-zvoja kartograiranja Jadrana, osobto njegova stonogadjea te geneza njegovh povdbenh prrunka. Obo-

je se stavja u kontekst njence da je to more tjekomsvh povjesnh tsujea najkra, najak najjeftnjprometn pravac kojm se Europa povezvaa s Azjom Afrkom.

Kjune rje: Istoni Jadran, plovidbene karte, plovidbe-ni prirunici, stari vijek, srednji vijek, novi vijek

abstract

Ths artce deas wth the most mportant characterstcs

of hstorca mappng of the Adratc regon, partcuar-

ts eastern part and geness of the pot books. Boths observed n the context of the fact that the sea wasthe shortest, easest and cheapest transport route whchconnected Europe wth Asa and Afrca.

Kewords: eastern Adriatic; nautical charts; pilot books;antiquity; Middle Ages; Modern Age

pomorske karte i

plovidbeni priruniciistonog jadrana

tijekom povijesti

the eastern adriatic

nautical charts

and pilot booksthroughout history

Mithad Kozlii

Odje za povjest / Department of HstorSveute u Zadru / Unverst of Zadar

Ruera Bokova 5HR - 23000 Zadar

[email protected]

UDK / UDC:656.61 (262.3)(091)912.43 (262.3)(091)

Izvorn znanstven rad / Orgna scentic paperPrmjeno / Receved: 30. 11. 2012.


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pomorske karte i plovidbeni prirunici... / the eastern adriatic nautical charts...

Kartograiranje stonog djea Jadranskog mora t-jekom proost ntegran je do povjest kartogra-iranja Medterana europskog kontnenta.*Tomeje temejn razog njenca da je Jadran od prapo-vjest do danas kontnurano funkconrao kao naj-kra, najak najjeftnj prometn pravac kojmse Europa povezvaa s Azjom Afrkom. Prtomse ma u vdu Sredozemno more, kojevka europ-ske cvzacje, koje opakuje sva tr kontnenta, aJadran, kao njegov rukavac prema sjeveru, jedanje od najprrodnjh komunkacjskh akvatorja zanjhovu meusobnu vezu.1Za tu komunkacju besu vane pomorske karte a povdben prruncj se razvtak moe pratt jo od staroga vjeka.2O razvtku th prevanh povjesnh zvora kao oso-btoga skupa spoznaja o Jadranu dosad se nje psa-

o na nan da se deinra cjena svh mjena, pa jetome posveen ovaj tekst.

Stari vijek

Da se ve u najstarjm povjesnm razdobjma ras-poagao reatvno kvatetnm geografskm spo-znajama zorno svjedo Perp Pseudo-Skaka zpoovce 4. stojea pr. Krsta, najstarj povdbe-n prrunk Sredozemja, stodobno Jadrana,3a

jo ve Geograija Kaudja Ptoemeja, z drugepoovce 2. st. posje Krsta, nedvojbeno najvee najznaajnje geografsko kartografsko djeo sta-roga vjeka. Jadran je u njoj predoen na V., VI. IX. kart Europe, to zna da e bt stavjen usrednjcu pozornost kuture starog svjeta.4Ta-kav odnos prema kasnjm hrvatskm prostorma,

Mappng of the eastern part of the Adratc Seathrough hstor s an ntegra part of the hstorof mappng of the Medterranean and Europeancontnent snce the Adratc Sea functoned as theshortest, easest and cheapest transport route wh-ch connected Europe wth Asa and Afrca fromprehstor to the present da.*The MedterraneanSea s aso mportant n ths context as a crade ofthe European cvzaton touchng a three con-tnents. Adratc as ts northern branch s one ofthe most natura communcaton zones for thermutua reatons.1Nautca charts were mportantregardng ths communcaton as we as the potbooks whose deveopment can be observed fromantqut.2Deveopment of these mportant hsto-rca sources has not been treated n a proper wa

to deine the entret of a changes, so that thstext deas wth t.

Antiquity

Periplusof Pseudo-Scax from the md-4thcenturBC ndcates that reatve quat geographc n-formaton was avaabe n the earest hstorc pe-rods. Ths was the earest pot book of the Me-dterranean, and the Adratc at the same tme.3

Another mportant work of the knd was Geograp-hyb Caudus Ptoem from the second haf of the2ndcentur AD, undoubted the greatest and mostmportant geographc and cartographc work fromantqut. Adratc was depcted on t on the 5th, 6thand 9thmap of Europe meanng that t was n thecenter of nterest of the od word.4Such atttude

* Tekst je propenje sa znanstvenog skupa More - hrvatskobago odranog u Zagrebu 2008. u organzacj Matice hr-vatske. Kako dosad nje tskan zbornk radova s toga skupa,a vjerojatno nee, objavjuje se ovdje. Izvorn se tekst u

meuvremenu dopuno novm spoznajama te pragodourednkm uputama ovoga znanstvenog asopsa, pa tmepoprmo posve novu formu.

1 M. KOZLII, 2001a, 49-124; M. KOZLII - M. BRA-TANI, 2006, 107-124. Opento za sva razdobja B. KO-

JI, 1967, 1-30.2 Spoj pomorske karte - povdben prrunc vaan je u prak-

tnoj povdb morem. Pomorska karta prua jako puno po-dataka, a ne dovojno. Prmjerce, na njoj nema nformacjao najem vjetrovma u odreenoj uc, a nformacje omorskm strujama esto nsu na razn kakvu podrazumjevasgurna povdba, da se ne spomnju brojne druge btne sku-pne podataka. Njh daju povdben prrunc. Sgurna sepovdba ostvaruje tek ako se raspoae dovojno kvatetnmpomorskm kartama povdbenm prruncma.

3 M. SUI, 1955, 121-185; M. KOZLII, 1990a, 73-128.4 M. KOZLII, 1990a, 289-309; M. KOZLII, 1990b;

M. KOZLII, 1994, 347-372.

* Ths text s a report from a scentic conference Sea Cro-atan Treasure hed n Zagreb n 2008 organzed b Mati-ca hrvatska. As the proceedngs of the conference have notbeen prnted, and the probab w never be, t s pubshed

here. Orgna text was enrched wth new nsghts and adju-sted n accordance wth edtors nstructons of ths scenticjourna attanng n that wa qute new form.

1 M. KOZLII, 2001a, 49-124; M. KOZLII - M. BRA-TANI, 2006, 107-124. Genera for a perods B. KOJI,1967, 1-30.

2 Combnaton nautca chart pot book s mportant npractca sang. Nautca chart offers a ot of nformaton,but not enough. For nstance t does not provde nforma-ton about the most frequent wnds n a certan port, andnformaton about the currents are not satsfng for safesang, et aone numerous other nformaton groups whchare provded b pot books. Safe sang s reazed on fthere are quat nautca charts and pot books.

3 M. SUI, 1955, 121-185; M. KOZLII, 1990a, 73-128.4 M. KOZLII, 1990a, 289-309; M. KOZLII, 1990b;

M. KOZLII, 1994, 347-372.


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mhm 1 / 2012 / 17-26 / mithad kozlii

ustvren na Ptoemejevm kartama, ostat e nez-mjenjenom konstantom narednh dva tsujea.5

Dakako, Ptoemejske karte nsu pomorske, asu u njhovom nastajanju svakako kortene jerse drukje ne moe pojasnt njhova zvanred-na kvateta. Kortene su prgodom deinranjaTabue Peutngerane z prjeaza 3. u 4. st.posje Krsta, kojom se kasnoantkom ovjekuprkazvao poznat nastanjen svjet kroz mreuputova kopnom morem, pr emu je Jadran opetnezaobazan.6

Tako se ve za staroga vjeka dobo temejnekartografske radove o ovome, za medteranske tr-govako-pomorske operacje, prevanome moru,a koko-toko dobar povdben prrunkkroz brojne dorade nadopune zvornka Per-

pa. Za poetak to je bo ve nego dovojno,me se Jadran deintvno ukjuo u red svjetskvanh mora.

Srednji vijek

U narednm stojema, zmjenom etnke, gospo-darske ope ske Europe, nakon vekh seoba tje-kom srednjeg vjeka, spomenuta starovjekovna dje-a bt e btn temej na kojemu e se daje razvjat

europska kartograija, a unutar nje prkazvanjejadranskog akvatorja.7Ipak, tek e se tjekom sred-njega vjeka unutar medteranskoga kuturookogkruga razvt prave pomorske karte povdben pr-runc Jadrana. Prtom su dva shodta: Venecja,u kojoj e se razvt metaka povdbena kartogra-ija, panjoska, osobto Baear Kataonja, gdjee stasat kataonska koa povdbene kartograije.8U tm kartograijama prema kvatet nedvojbenona eu stoj Petrus Vesconte sa svojm kartama zpoetka 14. stojea.9

Iz sth th stojea ouvat e se povdben

prrunc Jadrana nove kvatete: najstarj je Pe-trusa Vescontea z 1318., dom je najdugovjenjtzv. Rzov portuan, koj e se prv put tskat

towards subsequent Croatan regons, estabshedon the Ptoems maps w reman the same throug-hout the foowng two menna.5

Ptoemac maps were not nautca charts, butthe were deinte used n ther creaton becausether outstandng quat cannot be expaned nan other wa. The were used n deinng the Ta-bula Peutingerianaat the transton from the 3rdto4thcentures AD whch represented nhabted wordthrough a network of roads at sea and and, theAdratc regon beng nevtabe agan.6

In that wa basc cartographc works about thsver mportant sea n terms of merchant and mart-me operatons were obtaned n antqut as we asqute good pot book after numerous suppementsand updates of the orgna Periplus. It was more

than enough for the begnnng whch deinte n-cuded the Adratc on the st of the major seas ofthe word.

Middle Ages

In the foowng centures mentoned works from an-tqut were a bass on whch European cartographdeveoped wth changes of ethnca, economc andgenera mage of Europe after the great mgratons

durng the Mdde Ages ncudng representaton ofthe Adratc martme zone.7However on durngthe Mdde Ages proper nautca charts and pot bo-oks w deveop wthn the Medterranean cuturacrce. There were two man centers: Vence n whchVenetan martme cartograph was about to deve-op and Span, partcuar the Baeares and Catao-na where the Cataan cartographc schoo w deve-op.8In ths context Petrus Vesconte made the mostquat maps at the begnnng of the 14thcentur.9

New quat pot books were preserved fromthese centures, the odest beng the one b Petrus

Vesconte from 1318. The ongest astng pot bookwas the Portolano Rizowhch was irst pubshedn 1477,10and for the ast tme n 1806 to the best

5 M. KOZLII, 1996, 12-22.6 M. KOZLII, 1990a, 315-321. Da je ovaj kartografsk

zvor ne samo karta rmskh kopnenh cesta ve pomorskhputova zorno je pokazano u anaz kartografskog pooajaotoka Taursa = edra: M. KOZLII, 1983, 38-42; M.KOZLII, 1990c, 781-792.

7 M. MARKOVI, 1993, 36-55.8 M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62.9 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 19-38; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62.10 Sve tadanje vane povdbene prrunke Jadrana donos K.

KRETSCHMER, 1909. Jo uvjek je korsno vdjet studju. MULJAI, 1971, 131-153.

5 M. KOZLII, 1996, 12-22.6 M. KOZLII, 1990a, 315-321. Anass of cartographc

poston of the sand of Taurs (edro) ndcates that thscartographc source was not on a map of Roman and ro-ads but aso of navgatona routes: M. KOZLII, 1983,38-42; M. KOZLII, 1990c, 781-792.

7 M. MARKOVI, 1993, 36-55.8 M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62.9 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 19-38; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62.10 A reevant pot books of the Adratc are presented b K.

KRETSCHMER, 1909. Another usefu stud was wrttenb . MULJAI, 1971, 131-153.


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1477.,10a zadnj, koko je poznato, ak 1806. go-dne. Autor mu je Avse cada Mosto.11Ti tekstovibtno su kvatetnj od Perpa Pseudo-Skaka,jer umjesto apdarnh nformacja razne Sjedobaa uz koju v etnja X; povdba uz tu obautraje npr. dan no, sada se daju razdajne z-meu uka, neto se podrobnje opsuje najvanjeuke (dubne u njma, kvateta dna rad sdrenja,temejn vjetrov s.), a se tav povdben putuz ston Jadran svod na dvadesetak trdesetakstranca teksta, to je u usporedb s Marjenjevmsnm djeom z 1830. sa oko 600 stranca, a toje optmum za ovo npoto povdbeno ako morezbog ve od tsuu otoka, reatvno jakh mor-skh struja, brojnm pna, prno jakh vjetrova(osobto bure juga), tj. teke meteorooke stua-

cje, stvarno nedostatno. No, zgeda da su t jouvjek dosta kratk ops b btna pomo onodob-nm pomorcma u njhovm nterjadranskm nav-gacjama. Uostaom, jo uvjek bojh nsu ma.

Sno je s kartama. One su rezutat stojetnhskustava ve nekoko stojea uporabe magnet-skog kompasa. Nsu savrene, kao n povdbenprrunc, a su nemjerjvo tonje nego ranje.Ipak, osnovn m je nedostatak u njenc da su jouvjek rukopsne, pa stoga vro skupe, no to e ot-kont naredno vrjeme zumom tska njegovom

reatvno brzom prmjenom na tskarstvo u kar-

tograij, me e karte postat nemjerjvo jeftnje,a tme prstupanje vekom broju pomoraca.12

of our knowedge. Its author was Avse cada Mo-sto.11 These texts exhbt much more quat thanthe Periplus b Pseudo-Scax because nstead ofshort nformaton (There s a coast nhabted bthe ethnct X, sang aong ths coast asts e.g. ada and a nght), there are dstances between theports, most mportant ports are descrbed n moredeta (ther depths, quat of the sea bed regardnganchorng, basc wnds etc.), but the entre sangroute aong the eastern Adratc s reduced to twentor thrt pages of text whch s nsuficent n com-parson wth a smar work b Maren from 1830wth approxmate 600 pages beng optma for thssea whch s qute demandng for sang because ofmore than a thousand sands, reatve strong seacurrents, man shaows, qute strong wnds (part-

cuar bora and srocco) .e. dficut meteoroogcastuaton. However t seems that these qute shortdescrptons represented sgnicant hep to the sa-ors of the tme n ther nter-Adratc navgatons. Atan rate the were the best the had.

It s smar wth the maps. The were the resutof centenna experences and severa centures of useof magnetc compass. The were not perfect as weas the pot books but the were much more exactthan the earer ones. However ther man shortco-mng was the fact that the were hand-wrtten and

therefore ver expensve. Inventon of prntng andts reatve quck appcaton n cartograph em-nated ths obstace whch made maps much cheaperand more avaabe to a great number of saors. 12

11 Takva dugovjenost tog povdbenog prrunka nje radnjegove znmne kvatete, ve zbog njence da su Jadran opento Medteran nakon Vekh geografskh otkra, kadse povdbe europskh pomoraca usmjero na oceane, ostapo stran sa smanjenom konjunkturom. Kad se nteres za teakvatorje ponovno poveao na raskrju 17. 18. stojea,

nastavo se kortenje postojeh prrunka karata jer bo-jh nje bo. Drugo, tek krajem 18. stojea javt e se kodeuropskog ovjeka svjest da su za stnsku kvatetu pomor-skh karata povdbenh prrunka potrebna opsena oddrave paena hdrografska druga marnska stravanja.Njh na Jadranu nema do poetka 19. stojea C. F. Beau-temps-Beauprovh stravanja, pa e se vot tog prasta-rog prrunka otegnut do poetka tog stojea, dok ko-nano ne prevadaju pomorske karte povdben prruncpotpuno nove kvatete. Vdjet: K. KRETSCHMER, 1909,493-505. Portuan je tskao Bernardno Rzo 1490. godne.Prema . MULJAI, 1971, 134, vjerojatn je autor tog po-morskog voda savn metak pomorac Aose Cedamosto(Avse Ca da Mosto). Evo nekh starjh zdanja th povje-snh zvora: A. CA DA MOSTO, 1584; M. SORGO, 1668;G. M. CASAREGI, 1737; G. M. CASAREGI, 1806.

12 J. KASUN - Z. BIANI - T. JELII, 2004, 73-82; M.KOZLII, 1999a, 60-63.

11 Such ongevt of ths pot book was not reated to tsexceptona quat but to the fact that the Adratc andgenera Medterranean ost mportance wth bad econo-mc stuaton after the great geographca dscoveres whenvoages of European saors were drected to the oceans. Se-cond, on at the end of the 18thcentur a European man

started to reaze that the state funded hdrographc and ot-her martme studes are necessar for the quat nautcacharts and pot books. The were nonexstent for the Adr-atc unt the begnnng of the 19thcentur and research ofC. F. Beautemps-Beaupr so that fe of the od pot bookwas proonged unt the begnnng of the centur when newquat nautca charts and pot books became avaabe.Cf.: K. KRETSCHMER, 1909, 493-505. The Portolanowasprnted b Bernardno Rzo n 1490. After . MULJAI,1971, 134, probabe author of ths pot book was the famo-us Venetan saor Aose Cedamosto (Avse Ca da Mosto).These are some oder edtons of these hstorca sources: A.CA DA MOSTO, 1584; M. SORGO, 1668; G. M. CASA-REGI, 1737; G. M. CASAREGI, 1806.

12 J. KASUN - Z. BIANI - T. JELII, 2004, 73-82; M.KOZLII, 1999a, 60-63.


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Rani novi vijek

Poetkom novoga vjeka, jo veu kvatetu u po-morskoj kartograij stonog Jadrana Jadrana u

cjen donjet e poznat naturazran Istrann,Petro Coppo, a nemjerjv e joj prnos dat fraMauro, djeuju takoer u Istr, u samostanu Sv.Mhova pove Lmskog kanaa. Od Hrvata pak,staknut e se dva benanna, Martn Rota Ko-un Boo Nata Bonfa, s kartama koje e uonodobnoj Europ dobt najve ocjene. Jedno odnajkvatetnjh djea te kartograije ouvano je uHrvatskoj. Potjee z ostavtne znamente trogrskeobtej Fanfogna-Garagnn, a od 1910. uva se uzagrebakom Hrvatskom dravnom arhvu (Trogir-ski pomorski atlas). Treba spomenut znamentogDubrovanna, Vcka Dmtra Voa, kao jednogaod najuspjenjh kartografa kataonske kartograf-ske koe, uz prpomenu da su njegov kartografskradov ouvan po brojnm svjetskm muzejma knjncama. Konano, potrebno je staknut W-ema Barentsa, moda najpoznatjeg najuspjen-jeg kartografa, koj je zrado tskanu povdbenukartu s staknutm dubnama mora, j se prmjerakuva u sptskoj Sveunoj knjnc.13 Konano,tu je znament Pr Res, osmansk kartograf p-sac povdbenog prrunka, autor obmnog djea s

poetka 16. stojea, s znmno vom kvatetom uodnosu na vastte prethodnke.14

Sve to nud jo precznu vzju akvatorja, anjhov kartografsk uradc nsu ma paraea merdjana nt drugh za kartograiju ustajenhsastavnca, ve jedno vjetruje, nastae z uporabekompasa. Temej m bjahu nformacje pomoraca(smjer udajenost od nekog objekta ja se pozc-ja otprje znaa), a takoer kontnuran spravc dopune uvjek novm jo tonjm podacma. Aupravo to, taj stan prjev novh podataka veekakvoe, bjae presudan da te tzv. portulanskekarte postanu jednom od dvju sastavnca novhpromjanja u kartograij. Druga je Ptoemej,kojeg Europa nje upoznaa u prvm prjevodmas grkoga na atnsk poetkom 15., ve z prvhtskanh prmjeraka s kraja toga stojea. Tako seodjednom nuae dvje toko razte vzje. Jed-na znanstvena, a utemejena na geografskoj gra

Early Modern Age

At the begnnng of the Modern Age famous na-turazed Istran Petro Coppo contrbuted sgni-

cant to the martme cartograph as we as fa-ther Mauro workng aso n Istra n the conventof St. Mchae above Lmsk Kana (Lm Channe).Two natves of benk, Martn Rota Koun andBoo Nata Bonfa, made maps whch recevedhghest grades n Europe at the tme. One of themost quat works of ths cartograph was pre-served n Croata. It beonged to the famous famFanfogna-Garagnn from Trogr. From 1910 t hasbeen hed n the Croatan State Archves n Zagreb(Trogirski pomorski atlas- Trogr Martme Atas).We aso need to menton famous Vcko Dmtar Vo- from Dubrovnk as one of the most successfucartographers of the Cataan cartographc schoo,wth remark that hs cartographc works are keptn numerous word museums and brares. Fnawe need to menton Wem Barents, possb themost famous and most successfu cartographer whomade a prnted nautca chart wth denoted sea dep-ths, specmen of whch s kept n the Unverst L-brar n Spt.13Fna there s aso the famous PrRes, Ottoman cartographer and author of a potbook, a comprehensve work from the begnnng of

the 16thcentur of exceptona quat n compar-son wth hs predecessors.14

A these mprovements offered a more precsevson of the martme zones, but ther cartograp-hc works had no paraes and merdans or othercommon cartographc components but on wnd-roses created from the compass use. The were ba-sed on saors nformaton (drecton and dstancefrom some object whose poston had aread beenknown) and aso contnuous correctons and su-ppements wth fresh and more exact nformaton.Ths constant nlow of new, more quat data wasdecsve n transformaton of theseportolan chartsnto one of two components of new concepts ncartograph. The other one was Ptoem who wasntroduced to Europe not from the irst transatonsfrom Greek to Latn at the begnnng of the 15thcentur but from irst prnted specmens from theend of the centur. In that wa there were two ver

13 A. KISI, 2006, 144-147; M. KOZLII, 1995a, 39-96; M.KOZLII, 1999b, 21-32; L. LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1980; L.LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1986; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62,71-86, 113-133.

14 D. NOVAK - D. MLINARI - M. LAPAINE, 2005, 78-110;E. Z. KTE, 1988.

13 A. KISI, 2006, 144-147; M. KOZLII, 1995a, 39-96; M.KOZLII, 1999b, 21-32; L. LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1980; L.LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1986; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 56-62,71-86, 113-133.

14 D. NOVAK - D. MLINARI - M. LAPAINE, 2005, 78-110;E. Z. KTE, 1988.


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staroj u to vrjeme tsujee po, druga, suvre-mena a bez znanstvenh temeja, fundrana jednona stojema povdbenh skustava medteranskhpomoraca onh atantske obae Europe. Europskkartograi, nakon prvh zdanja Ptoemejeve Ge-ograije, posegnue za podatcma z povdbenhkarata, te pokuae njh prkazat na kartama Pto-emejeve kartografske projekcje, nazvaju h Ta-bulae nuovae.15

Ipak, spoj ptoemejskh kartografskh postav-k nformacja povdbene kartograije pokazapregrt nedostataka. Njh, a on ponajve bjahunazon kod same kartografske projekcje, prv jeuoo kvatetno otkono Gerhard Kremer, po-znatj kao Gerardus Mercator, znament laman-sk matematar, geograf kartograf. Tme, nakon

1300 godna razth stadja apsoutne nazono-st Kaudja Ptoemeja kao vrhovnog autorteta ugeograij kartograij, pojav se nov, nazoando danas: Mercator. Njegovu djeu NzozemacAbraham Orteus prkju decentnu kovnost,pa atas, kao nan prezentacje skupne karata, teprofesonazam koektvn duh u radu na zama-njm projektma. Tme se uspostav nov standardkojem e za hrvatske krajeve, ukjuuju stonJadran, u sjedea dva stojea (17.-18.) kronnonedostajat kvatetnh podataka.16

K tomu, bt e neto novh prnosa na raznpovdbenh prrunka. Meu njma moe se sta-knut Goseppe Rosacco (1598. 1606.), znovaPr Res, pa na tzv. Senjski peljar s poetka 17.stojea, prvo djeo takve vrste napsano na hrvat-skom jezku, zatm John Seer (djeo mu je tskanou ve zdanja od 1677. do 1763.), Vncenzo MaraCorone (1688., 1696.), Henr Mcheot (djeomu je tskano u ve zdanja od 1703. do 1832.) Jacques Ncoas Ben (1771.), koj su u svo-jm djema da specian spoj povdbenh karata povdbenh uputa.17Dakako, nezostavno treba

spomenut domaeg sna, oca hrvatske hstoro-

dfferent versons. One of them was scentic, butbased on geographca matera whch was made amennum and a haf ago at the tme, and other,contemporar but wthout scentic foundatons,based on on centures of sang experences ofMedterranean saors and those from the Atantccoast of Europe. European cartographers, after theirst edtons of the Ptoems Geographyused datafrom the nautca charts n an attempt to representthem on the maps of Ptoems cartographc projec-ton, cang them Tabulae nuovae.15

Combnaton of Ptoemac catographc conceptsand nformaton of martme cartograph resutedn a seres of shortcomngs. The were most prono-unced n the cartographc projecton whch was irstnotced and emnated b Gerhard Kremer, known

as Gerardus Mercator, famous Femsh mathemat-can, geographer and cartographer. After 1300 earsof varous stages of presence of Caudus Ptoem asthe supreme authort n geograph and cartograp-h, there was a new voce, st present: Mercator.Dutch Abraham Orteus assocated decent artstcquat wth hs work, then atas as a wa of presen-taton of groups of maps as we as professonasmand coectve sprt n work on more comprehen-sve projects. Ths estabshed new standard whchw chronca ack quat nformaton regardng

the Croatan regons, ncudng the eastern Adratc(17th- 18thcentures).16

There were aso some new contrbutons at theeve of pot books. We can menton Goseppe Ro-sacco (1598 and 1606), Pr Res agan, our Senj-ski peljarfrom the begnnng of the 17th centur asthe irst work of the knd wrtten n Croatan, thenJohn Seer (hs work was pubshed n severa edt-ons from 1677 to 1763), Vncenzo Mara Corone(1688, 1696), Henr Mcheot (hs work s prntedn severa edtons from 1703 to 1832) or JacquesNcoas Ben (1771), who gave a specic combna-

ton of nautca charts and navgaton nstructons.17

15 M. NIKOLI, 1979, 67-90; A. E. NORDENSKILD,1889.

16 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 97-113, 172-191; L. LAGO - C.ROSSIT, 1979, 91-179; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 134-159.Zanmjvo je ste te reacje usporedt za kopneno zaee:M. KOZLII, 2003b, 101-111.

17 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 202-212, 231-282; M. KOZLII,1997, 9-23; M. KOZLII, 2001b, 173-176; M. KOZLI -I - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012a, 45-71; M. KO-ZLII - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012b, 69-123; M.KOZLII - V. LOZI, 1994, 21-24, 40-56; M. MARKO-VI, 1993, 200-211; M. PAVI, 2000, 173-194; M. PAVI,2003, 153-199; M. PAVI, 2006, 183-192; M. PAVI,2007, 33-47. Do zdanja spomenuth djea: J. N. BELLIN,

15 M. NIKOLI, 1979, 67-90; A. E. NORDENSKILD,1889.

16 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 97-113, 172-191; L. LAGO - C.ROSSIT, 1979, 91-179; M. MARKOVI, 1993, 134-159.It s nterestng to compare the same reatons for the hnter-and: M. KOZLII, 2003b, 101-111.

17 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 202-212, 231-282; M. KOZLII,1997, 9-23; M. KOZLII, 2001b, 173-176; M. KOZLI-I - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012a, 45-71 M. KO -ZLII - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012b, 69-123; M.KOZLII - V. LOZI, 1994, 21-24 40-56; M. MAR-KOVI, 1993, 200-211; M. PAVI, 2000, 173-194; M. PA-VI, 2003, 153-199; M. PAVI, 2006, 183-192; M. PAVI,2007, 33-47. Some of the edtons of the mentoned works:


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graije, Ivana Lua, koj e se sam potrudt pakrajem 17. stojea dat btan prnos unapreenjukartograiranja Jadrana.18

To reatvno dugo razdobje, 15.-18. stojee, po-nud nz unapreenja, a jo uvjek ne na onoj raz-n kvatete kakvu se prejkvao. Moda je najvedomete pouo kartografsk materja koj je u svo-jm brojnm djema objavo V. M. Corone, domb to od povdbenh prrunka svakako bo onajkojem je autor J. N. Ben. Kod Coroneja, name,dobsmo, z razth zvora od razth autorapreuzete setove povdbenh generanh regona-nh karata Jadrana, pa pran broj panova uka,a s Benom dosta oprne opse cjene Jadrana,ukjuuju sasvm nove panove najvanjh uka,te neto regonanh karata, me je svoje djeo e-

gtmrao kao zvanredan povdben prrunk Ja-drana otsnut na dotad nevjerojatnh 140 stranca.Ipak, oba su ba tek vro kvatetn uvod koj esvoju pravu kvatetu prv put u povjest jadranskhpovdb ostvart u 19. stojeu.

Kasni novi vijek i moderno doba

Istnsk pomak u kakvo karata povdbenh pr-runka trao je organzran terensk rad, a kako je

to bo prno skupo, jer je podrazumjevao ve-

godnje angaranje prno razth strunjaka,mogo se unt jedno uz pomo drave. Za takvostravanje teorjske praktne postavke tjekom18. stojea ostvarene su u Francuskoj (Csar Fra-nos Cassn de Thur).19 Na nam prostorma,prvu hdrografsku zmjeru obae utemejenu naznanstvenoj metodoogj tjekom francuske upra-ve zvrt e Chares Franos Beautemps-Beaupr(1806. 1808.-1809. godne.).20Ta zmjera, kao

We must not omt Ivan Lu (Johannes Lucus), fa-ther of Croatan hstorograph, who made an m-portant contrbuton to mappng of the Adratc atthe end of the 17thcentur.18

Ths reatve ong perod (15th- 18thcentures)saw a seres of mprovements but not on the sats-fng eve of quat. Perhaps cartographc mater-as pubshed b V. M. Corone exhbt best qu-at. J. N. Ben was the author of the best potbook at the tme. Corone provded varous sets ofgenera nautca and regona maps of the Adratcand a far amount of port pans taken from dfferentsources and dfferent authors. Ben offered quteextensve descrptons of the entre Adratc ncu-dng qute new pans of the most mportant portsand some regona maps whch make hs work an

outstandng pot book of the Adratc prnted onncredbe 140 pages. Nevertheess ths was just aquat ntroducton whch w reaze ts true qua-t for the irst tme n hstor of the Adratc sason n the 19thcentur.

Late Modern Age andcontemporary period

A proper breaktrough n the quat of maps and

pot books demanded organzed iedwork, and ast was qute cost snce t mped hrng varousexperts for severa ears t coud be performed onwth the hep of the state. Theoretca and prac-tca bases for such research were reazed durngthe 18thcentur n France (Csar Franos Cassnde Thur).19Chares Franos Beautemps-Beaupr(1806 and 1808-1809) made the irst hdrographcmeasurement based on scentic methodoog du-rng the French admnstraton.20Ths measurement

1771; V. M. CORONELLI, 1688, 3-4; V. M. CORONE-LLI, 1693; H. MICHELOT, 1775; H. MICHELOT, 1805;H. MICHELOT, 1806; E. Z. KTE, 1988; G. ROSACCIO,1606; J. SELLER, 1677., a pod stm nasovom bez dopunau tekstu djeo se jo tska 1711., 1716., 1723., 1736., 1763. 1786.

18 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 216-227.19 Ms se na monumentano kartografsko djeo Carte topo-

graphque de France 1750.-1793. koje je objavjeno u 184sekcje u mjeru 1 : 86.400, a bt e uzor zemajskoj zmjernove kvatete za potrebe katastra Hrvatske krajem 18. sto-jea. Vdjet: M. MARKOVI, 1993, 298-299.

20 C. F. BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPR, 1849; M. KOZLII,1995b, 41-138; M. KOZLII, 1999c, 325-333; M. KO-ZLII, 2006; M. KOZLII - Z. GRETI - M. BRA -TANI, 2006, 5-8.

J. N. BELLIN, 1771; V. M. CORONELLI, 1688, 3-4; V. M.CORONELLI, 1693; H. MICHELOT, 1775; IDEM, 1805;H. MICHELOT, 1806; E. Z. KTE, 1988; G. ROSACCIO,1606; J. SELLER, 1677, the same work was prnted underthe same tte and wthout suppements n the text n 1711,1716, 1723, 1736, 1763 and 1786.

18 M. KOZLII, 1995a, 216-227.19 Reference s made to the monumenta cartographc work

Carte topographque de France1750-1793 whch was pu-bshed n 184 sectons n 1 : 86.400 scae. It served as amode for new quat cadastra measurements for the needsof cadaster n Croata at the end of the 18th centur. Cf. M.MARKOVI, 1993, 298-299.

20 C. F. BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPR, 1849; M. KOZLII,1995b, 41-138; M. KOZLII, 1999c, 325-333; M. KO-ZLII, 2006; M. KOZLII - Z. GRETI - M. BRA -TANI, 2006, 5-8.


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njezn nastavak 1816.-1821., rezutrat e zradom pubcranjem prvog pravog atasa kvatetnh po-vdbenh karata Jadrana, Carta d cabottaggo demare Adratco (1822.-1824.),21 nakon ega e,1830. godne, bt tskan prv prav povdbenprrunk Jadrana kapetana Gacoma Marenja, saak 600 stranca obmnog teksta s uputama za po-vdbu cjenom toga mora.22

To npoto ne zna da se stodobno nje nasta-vo s zradom autorskh kartografskh djea po-vdbenh prrunka. U tom je smsu zanmjv kar-tografsk rad Jadrana Vncenza de Lucja z 1809.,23na koj e se, barem koncepcjsk, ugedat spome-nuta Carta d cabottaggo de mare Adratco z1822.-1824. godne.24Podjednako je vaan omanjpovdben prrunk Domenca Govannja Bass-

ja, a jo ve Hrvata Govannja Battste Grubaa,podrjetom z Boke kotorske, koj je prvo prredosvoj portuan Medterana na temeju Mcheotova,a zatm Jadrana.25Treba spomenut kapetana Ko-zua koj je u svojem povdbenom prrunku daojo ve nformacja nego to h donos Maren, a

as we as ts contnuaton n 1816-1821 resuted ncreaton and pubcaton of the irst rea atas wthquat nautca charts of the Adratc, Carta di ca-bottaggo de mare Adratco (1822-1824),21 afterwhch the irst proper pot book of the Adratc bthe captan Gacomo Maren was wrtten wth asmuch as 600 pages of comprehensve text wth d-rectons for sang across ths sea.22

Ths does mean that work on the authora car-tographc works and pot books dd not contnue.Cartographc work representng the Adratc bVncenzo de Luco from 1809 s nterestng n theseterms.23Ths work was a mode for the mentonedCarta d cabottaggo de mare Adratcofrom 1822-1824 at east n terms of concept.24Sma pot bookb Domenco Govann Bass s equa mportant,

and a pot b the Croatan Govann Battsta Gru-ba, orgna from Boka Kotorska, s even moremportant. Frst he made hs portoan chart of theMedterranean on the bass of Mcheots chart, andthen aso of the Adratc area.25Captan Kozu asoneeds to be mentoned as he provded even more n-

21 Carta, 1824. Taj se atas povdbenh karata uva u Drav-nom arhvu u Zadru, a ma ga susjedna zadarska Znan-

stvena knjnca. Prmjerak u arhvu boje je ouvan kom-

petan je, a uz njega postoj kasnje (drugo) zdanje z po-ovce 19. stojea otsnuto na neto tanjem papru. O tomse monumentanom djeu jo nje psao, zuzev to je autorovoga teksta nekoko puta na njega upozoro u svojm ra-njm radovma.

22 G. MARIENI, 1830; MARIENI, 1845.23 V. DE LUCIO, 1809.24 Kako se Jadran u geografskom prostoru protee od SZ

prema JI, Luco autor abuma povdbenh karata, nasto-je tedjet raspoov prostor na papru, kartograira suga kao da je orjentran u smjeru Z - I, stodobno stumerdjanma paraeama pravu geografsku orjentacju.Na taj su nan skorst ostatak papra na kojem su t-ska karte za predoenje panova najvanjh uka, a kod

abuma povdbenh karata (Carta, 1824) jo tskanjejezgrovtog teksta o objejma uka pojednh povd -benh pravaca, to je vro osebujan povdben prrunk.Dakako, abum povdbenh karata ma karte u btno st-njem mjeru nego to je to kod Lucja, pa se u njemu

Jadran predoo u nzu sekcja, dom je to kod Lucjatek jedan st na kojem je predoena cjena Jadrana. Osmtoga, oba zvora maju panorame obae. O njma, kaotakoer vanom eementu za pomorsku povdbu, vdjet:M. KOZLII, 287-356; M. KOZLII, 2000, 119-140;M. KOZLII, 2003a.

25 D. G. BASSI, 1812; D. G. BASSI, 1834; G. B. GRUBAS,1808, 1-2; G. B. GRUBAS, 1833; G. B. GRUBAS, 1834; G.B. GRUBAS, 1842; G. B. GRUBAS, 1854. (Grubasev je pejarod 1833. do 1854. nz zdanja s raztm pobojcama u od-nosu na ranja, pa je u tom smsu posve razt od prmjeceSeerova stovrsnog djea kod kojeg je novo zdanje gotovou cjen reprnt prethodno v. bjeku 16); I. PRINA, 1816.

21 Carta, 1824. Ths atas of nautca charts s kept n the StateArchves n Zadar as we as n the neghbourng Scentic

Lbrar n Zadar. Specmen from the archves s preservedbetter and t s compete, and there s aso a ater (second)edton from the md-19th centur prnted on somewhatthnner paper. Ths monumenta work has not been wrttenabout, except that the author of ths text mentoned t n hsearer works.

22 G. MARIENI, 1830; G. MARIENI, 1845.23 V. DE LUCIO, 1809.24 The Adratc Sea n geographca area extends from NW to

SE. Luco and others mapped t as f t were orented W - En order to save avaabe space on the paper, usng paraesand merdans to denote actua geographc orentaton. Inthat wa the used the remanng part of the paper on whchthe prnted maps for representng pans of the most m-portant ports, and n the abums of nautca charts (Carta,

1824) there was aso concse text about the port character-stcs and certan sang routes, makng t a ver speca potbook. Abum of sang maps contans charts n smaer scaethan n Luco, so that the Adratc was depcted n a seres ofsectons whe n Luco there s just one page depctng theentre Adratc. Both sources have coasta panorama. Aboutthem as an mportant eement for martme sang see: M.KOZLII, 287-356; M. KOZLII, 2000, 119-140; M.KOZLII, 2003a.

25 D. G. BASSI, 1812; D. G. BASSI, 1834; G. B. GRUBAS,1808, 1-2; G. B. GRUBAS, 1833; G. B. GRUBAS, 1834; G.B. GRUBAS, 1842; G. B. GRUBAS, 1854. (Grubas potfrom 1833 to 1845 had a seres of edtons wth varous m-provements whch makes t dfferent from e.g. Seers sm-ar work whose new edton represents amost a competereprnt of the prevous one see note 16); I. PRINA, 1816.

26 A. B. COSULICH, 1848.


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usmjeruju svoju pozornost samo na zrazto tekapovdbena podruja Jadrana.26

Tako su se u prvm desetjema 19. stojea,dok Austrja jo uvjek nje pokanjaa dovojnopozornost Jadranu, pa onom djeu koj je bopod njeznom vau, une btne predradnjevane za uspostavu novh standarda u pomorskojkartograij zrad povdbenh prrunka Jadra-na. Gbanja 1848. ranju e pozcju Austrje naJadranu dovest u ptanje pa e usjedt nov su-kob, a kao njhov rezutat povaenje Austrje,kasnje Austro-Ugarske, samo na stonojadran-sk akvatorj.27 To e otvaranjem Hdrografskogureda Carsko-krajevske ratne mornarce 1866.u Pu, s novm hdrografskm geomagnetskmzmjerama Jadrana 1866.-1869., 1880.-1885.

kasnje,28urodt jo kvatetnjm pomorskm kar-tama, a 1893. zdanjem novog povdbenog pr-runka toga mora,29 te bt most prema 20. 21.stojeu. Name, suvremen Hrvatsk hdrografsknsttut u Sptu drektn je sjednk spomenutogpuskog Hdrografskog ureda, pa je kao takav podugoj tradcj jedna od najugednjh ustanova u svjetskm okvrma.30 Istna, za to e se vrjemetakoer nastavt u Francuskoj, Vekoj Brtanj prmjerce Njemakoj zdavanje novh povdbenhprrunka, a se ve nje mogo zamst da b h

bo mogue zradt bez konzutranja podataka prrunka s stone obae Jadrana.31

formaton than Maren, but pang attenton onto extreme dficut sang areas of the Adratc.26

In that wa mportant premnar works weremade whch was necessar for estabshng newstandards n the martme cartograph and produc-ton of the pot books of the Adratc n the irst de-cades of the 19th centur whe Austra dd not pamuch attenton to the Adratc, even the part underts rue. Events n 1848 w put prevous postonof Austra on the Adratc n queston so that newconlcts foowed whch resuted n the retreat ofAustra, ater Austra-Hungar to the eastern Adr-atc martme zone.27Ths resuted n better quatof the nautca charts wth the openng of the H-drographc Ofice of the Impera and Roa Navn 1866 n Pua and new hdrographc and geoma-

gnetc measurements of the Adratc 1866 - 1869,1880 -1885, and ater.28New pot book for ths seawas pubshed n 1893.29A these mprovementsserved as a knd of brdge towards the 20 thand 21st

centures. Name modern Croatan HdrographcInsttute n Spt s a drect successor of the ment-oned Hdrographc Ofice from Pua and as suchone of the most dstngushed nsttutons wordw-de regardng ts ong tradton.30New pot bookscontnued to be ssued n France, Great Brtan orGerman, but t was mpossbe to make them wt-

hout consutng nformaton and pot books fromthe eastern Adratc coast.31

26 A. B. COSULICH, 1848.27 M. KOZLII, 2006, 189-191; S. OBAD, 1993, 249-254.28 M. GRAKALI, 1963, 59-94; T. VON OESTERREICHER,

1873.29 To su: Segehandbuch, 1893; Segehandbuch, 1906.

30 M. KOZLII, 2006, 5-19, 189-191; M. KOZLII - Z.GRETI - M. BRATANI, 2006, 5-8.

31 Od reevantnh takvh zvora z 19. stojea btn su: A. LEGRAS, 1855; J. IMBRAy, 1859; J. IMBRAy, 1860; J. W.NORIE, 1847; Pot, 1861; Pot, 1880; J. PURDy, 1826;W. H. SMyTH, 1854. Zanmjvo je zamjett da se krajem19. stojea javjaju prv prrunc za povdbu zraen uonodobnm hdrografskm uredma zavodma, pretea-ma kasnjh hdrografskh nsttuta, a bez stcanja autor-stva. To je tzv. nsttutska faza u razvtku th povdbenhprrunka koja e tjekom vremena, ve od poetka 20.stojea, mat odraza na pomorsku kartograiju. Oboje jeogno jer su to dosta djea znmno vekog broja stru-njaka razth specjanost, pa je najboje postupt natakav nan. Ipak, kako se vd u popsu zvora terature,jo uvjek ma autorskh uradaka, a takvh e bt tjekom20. stojea.

27 M. KOZLII, 2006, 189-191; S. OBAD, 1993, 249-254.28 M. GRAKALI, 1963, 59-94; T. VON OESTERREICHER,

1873.29 These are: Segelhandbuch, 1893; Segelhandbuch, 1906.30 M. KOZLII, 2006, 5-19, 189-191; M. KOZLII - Z.

GRETI - M. BRATANI, 2006, 5-8.31 Out of reevant sources of the knd from the 19thcentur: A.

LE GRAS, 1855; J. IMBRAy, 1859; J. IMBRAy, 1860; J. W.NORIE, 1847; Pilot, 1861; Pilot, 1880; J. PURDy, 1826;W. H. SMyTH, 1854. It s nterestng to notce that at theend of the 19th centur irst pot books appeared whchwere made n the hdrographc ofices or bureaus at the tmewhch were predecessors of ater hdrographc nsttutes butwthout emphaszng authorshp. Ths was the so-caed n-sttute phase n the deveopment of these pot books whchw be relected over the course of tme on the martmecartograph from the begnnng of the 20thcentur. Both sogca snce these are works wrtten b a great number ofexperts from dfferent ieds so that t was best to act n thatwa. However t s evdent n the st of sources and tera-ture that there are st authora works, whch contnued nthe 20thcentur.


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Zakljuak

Pr kraju znmno je vano staknut da je hrvatskdo Jadrana, a to je gotovo cje ston do toga

mora, tjekom povjest uvjek bo u srednjcsvjetskh kartografskh prouavanja, unapreenjaa zastoja, kakvoom nerjetko prednjae predbrojnm drugm europskm akvatorjma. Za starog srednjeg vjeka, srednjca kartografskh unapre-enja bjae sam Medteran, pa Jadran kao njegovanezamjenjva spona Azje Afrke prema Europ,bjae jedno od najee kartograiranh svjetskhmora. Kasnje, kad Veka geografska otkra pre-mjeste jezgro trgovake povdbe na svjetske ocea-ne, znaenje Medterana Jadrana prvremeno opa-de, a se povea europsk nteres za obano zaeerad stodobnh turskh prodora na ta podruja. Na-kon opadanja turske mo, uz stodobno vraanjetrgovakh povdb na Medteran Jadran, vanostHrvatske stone obae Jadrana znova jaa, aovaj put dvojako: kao zemje koja je prepreka tur-skom prodoru na Zapad, kao podruja preko ko-jeg su vod trgovnsk kordor prema jadranskmcentrma pomorske trgovne. Tako je Jadran bo ostao jedno od najee najboje kartograiranhmanjh mora Zemje, a n broj povdbenh prrun-ka o njemu nje manj.

Conclusion

Fna t s worth mentonng that the Croatanpart of the Adratc, meanng amost entre eastern

part of that sea, has awas been n the center of theword cartographc research throughout hstor. Inantqut and the Mdde Ages, Medterranean wasthe center of cartographc mprovements so that theAdratc as ts rrepaceabe nk of Asa and Afrcawth Europe was one of the word seas most frequ-ent mapped. Later on when the great geographcadscoveres moved the center of the merchant sa-ng to the word oceans, mportance of the Med-terranean and Adratc Sea temporar decreased,but European nterest n the coasta hnterand n-creased due to Turksh rads n ths terrtor. Afterweakenng of the Turksh power wth smutaneousrentroducton of the merchant sas to the Med-terranean and Adratc, mportance of Croata andeastern coast of the Adratc grew agan, ths tme ntwo was: as a countr whch was a barrcade aga-nst the Turksh penetraton to the West, and as a re-gon of trade corrdors towards the Adratc centersof martme trade. In that wa the Adratc was andremaned one of the smaer seas on Earth mappedver frequent wth ine workmanshp, wth a greatnumber of pot books.


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Bibliografija i izvori / Bibliographyand sources

D. G. BASSI, 1812 - Domenco Govann Bass, Costiere

de Mare Adratco, Veneza, 1812. (Bboteca Cvca- Treste; Sveuna knjnca - Pua).D. G. BASSI, 1834 - Domenco Govann Bass, Costiere

de Mare Adratco, Veneza, 1834. (Bboteca Cvca- Treste; Sveuna knjnca - Pua).

BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPR, C. F., 1849 - Chares FranosBeautemps-Beaupr, Rapports sur es rades, ports etmouages de a cte orentae du gofe de Vense. V-sts en 1806, 1808 et 1809, par ordre de empereur.Par C. F. Beautemps-Beaupr, membre de a gondhonneur, hdrographe sous-chef du Dpt gnrades cartes et pans de a marne et des coones, Anna-es hydrographques, Vo. 1, Pars, 1849., 32-121.

(Bbothque natonae de France - Pars; Servcehdrographque et ocanographque de a Marne -Brest).

J. N. BELLIN, 1771 - Jacques Ncoas Ben, Descrpt-on gographque du Gofe de Vense et de a More,Pars, 1771. (Bbothque natonae de France - Pars;Sveuna knjnca - Spt).

Carta, 1824 -Carta d cabottaggo de mare Adratco,Mano, 1824. (Brtsh Lbrar - London; Dravnarhv - Zadar; Lbrar of Congress - Washngton;sterrechsche Natona Bbothek - Wen).

G. M. CASAREGI, 1737 - Guseppe Lorenzo Mara deCasareg, In Consoato de mare (...) con Potoano

de mare (...), Veneza, 1737. (Pomorsk muzej - Du-brovnk).G. M. CASAREGI, 1806 - Guseppe Lorenzo Mara de

Casareg,In Consoato de mare (...) con Potoanode mare (...), Veneza, 1806. (Pomorsk muzej - Du-brovnk; Zavod za znanstven rad HAZU - Spt).

V. M. CORONELLI, 1688 - Vncenzo Mara Corone,Mar, goi, soe, spagge, port, ctta, fortezze, edatr uogh deIstra, Quarner, Damaza, Abana,Epro, e Lvada, 3-4, Veneza, 1688. (Naconana sveuna knjnca - Zagreb).

V. M. CORONELLI, 1693 - Vncenzo Mara Corone,Corso geograico unversae (...), Veneza, 1693. (Sve-

una knjnca - Spt).A. B. COSULICH, 1848 - Aberto Battsta Cosuch,Por-tolano ossia guida dei piloti costieri dei mari Medi-terraneo, Adratco, Arcpeago, Nero, Marmara edAzof, 1-2, Veneza, 1848. (Bboteca Cvca - Treste).

M. GRAKALI, 1963 - Maden Graka, Hdrografskasuba na naoj oba, Hdrografsk godnjak 1961,Spt, 1963., 59-94.

A. LE GRAS, 1855 - Aexandre e Gras, Manuel de lanavgaton dans a mer Adratque, daprs Maren,Beautemps-Beaupr, etc., et les documents les plusrcents, Pars, 1855. (Bbothque natonae de Fran-ce - Pars; Brtsh Lbrar - London).

G. B. GRUBAS, 1808 - Govann Battsta Grubas, Manu-ale per li piloti di costa in cui descritti sono i luoghimportant deOceano, Medterraneo, Arcpeago,

ed Adratco, compato detro varj portoan ed es-atte carte geograiche, 1-2, Treste, 1807.-1808. (Bb-oteca Cvca - Treste).

G. B. GRUBAS, 1833 - Govann Battsta Grubas, Nuovocostere de Mare Adratco, Treste, 1833. (Bboteca

Cvca - Treste).G. B. GRUBAS, 1834 - Govann Battsta Grubas, Nuovocostere de Mare Adratco, Treste, 1834. (BbotecaCvca - Treste).

G. B. GRUBAS, 1842 - Govann Battsta Grubas, Nuovocostere de Mare Adratco, Treste, 1842. (BbotecaCvca - Treste; Naconana sveuna knjnca -Zagreb).

G. B. GRUBAS, 1854 - Govann Battsta Grubas, Nuovocostere de Mare Adratco, Treste, 1854. (BbotecaCvca - Treste).

J. IMBRAy, 1859 - James Imra,Sailing directions for theMediterranean Sea, London, 1859. (Lbrar of Con-

gres - Washngton).J. IMBRAy, 1860 - James Imra, Sailing directions forthe Adratc Sea and Guf of Vence, London, 1860.(Lbrar of Congres - Washngton).

J. KASUN - Z. BIANI - T. JELII, 2004 - Josp Ka-sun - Zatmr Ban - Ton Je, Accurac of seacharts and navgatona pubcatons and the nluen-ce of prntng, Acta graphca, 15 (2), Zagreb, 2003.(2004.), 73-82.

A. KISI, 2006 - Ankca Ks, Vcko Dmtrje Vo(1563-1607) majstor portuana z Dubrovnka, Kar-tograija geonformacje, 5 (5), Zagreb, 2006., 144-147.

B. KOJI, 1967 - Branko Koj, Znaenje Jadranskogmora kao svjetskog povnog puta, Pomorski zbornik,5, Zadar, 1967., 1-30.

M. KOZLII, 1983 - Mthad Koz, Pomorska btkakod otoka Taursa, Dubrovak horzont, 23, Za-greb, 1983., 38-42.

M. KOZLII, 1990a - Mthad Koz, Historijska ge-ograija stonog Jadrana u starom vjeku, Spt, 1990.

M. KOZLII, 1990b - Mthad Koz, Iston Jadranu Geograij Kaudja Ptoemeja, Zagreb, 1990.

M. KOZLII, 1990c - Mthad Koz, Prog karto-grafskoj dentikacj antkog otoka Taursa sa su-vremenm otokom edrom, Mogunost,7-8, Spt,

1990., 781-792.M. KOZLII, 1994 - Mthad Koz, La costa

deIstra nea Geograia d Toomeo, Att de Cen-tro di ricerche storiche, 24, Treste - Rovnj, 1994.,347-372.

M. KOZLII, 1995a - Mthad Koz, Monumentacartographca mars Adratc Croatc. Kartografskspomenc hrvatskog Jadrana. (Izbor karata, panova veduta do kraja 17. stojea), Zagreb, 1995.

M. KOZLII, 1995b - Mthad Koz, Rsutat deercerche suIstra de 1806 de Beautemps-Beaupr.(Contrbuto aa stora dea marnera e dea carto-graia dea costa occdentae deIstra), Att de Cen-

tro di ricerche storiche, 25, Treste - Rovnj, 1995.,41-138.


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M. KOZLII, 1996 - Mthad Koz, Povjesn razvojkartograiranja hrvatskh zemaja, Gasnk Drutvabibliotekara Split, 4, Spt, 1996., 12-22.

M. KOZLII, 1997 - Mthad Koz, Iston Jadran uAtasu V. M. Coroneja, Gasnk Drutva bboteka-

ra Split, 5, Spt, 1997., 9-23.M. KOZLII, 1998 - Mthad Koz, Guseppe Regered suo panoram dea Damaza, Att de Centrodi ricerche storiche, 28, Treste - Rovnj, 1998., 287-356.

M. KOZLII, 1999a - Mthad Koz, Tabea G.A. Vavassorea - tehnoogjska prekretnca u pomor-skoj kartograij Jadrana 16. stojea, u: The 6thInter-natona scentic conference Socety and Tehnoogy99 - 6. meunarodn znanstven skup Drutvo tehnoogja 99., Vrtua socety - Vrtuano drutvo,Informatooga, Separat Specae, 8, Zagreb, 1999.,60-63.

M. KOZLII, 1999b - Mthad Koz, Tabvua Sn-vs Venetc von W. Barents und hre Geschchtscheund Geographsche Bedeutung, Geoadria, 4, Zadar,1999, 21-32.

M. KOZLII, 1999c - Mthad Koz, Izmjere du-bna stonog Jadrana tjekom 16.-19. stojea, u:2. Hrvatska konferencja o vodama. Hrvatske vodeod Jadrana do Dunava. 2ndCroatian conference onwaters. Croatan waters from the Adratc to the Da-nube, Zbornik radova. Proceedings, Zagreb, 1999.,325-333.

M. KOZLII, 2000 - Mthad Koz, Presentazonpanoramche deAdratco orentae ne corso dea

stora, Archvo Storco Itaano, 158 (1), Frenze,2000., 119-140.

M. KOZLII, 2001a - Mthad Koz, The defens-ve sstem of Adratc navgaton, Hstra antqua, 6,Pua, 2000. (2001.), 49-124.

M. KOZLII, 2001b - Mthad Koz,, Vjetruje uCoronejevu Corso Geograico z 1693. godne,u: The 8thInternatona scentic conference Socetyand Tehnoogy 2001 - 8. meunarodn znanstvenskup Drutvo tehnoogja 2001., Informatooga,Separat Specae, 9, Zagreb, 2001., 173-176.

M. KOZLII, 2003a - Mthad Koz, Panorame Da-macje Guseppea Regera. I Panoram dea Dama-

za d Guseppe Reger. The Panoramas of Damataby Guseppe Reger. Panoramen Damatens von Gu-seppe Rieger, Spt, 2003.

M. KOZLII, 2003b - Mthad Koz, Regones lu-mina Unnae et Sanae in veteribus tabulis geographi-cs. Unsko-sansko podruje na starm geografskmkartama (Izbor karata, panova veduta Unsko-san-skog podruja od kraja 15. do poetka 18. stojea),Sarajevo - Bha, 2003.

M. KOZLII, 2006 - Mthad Koz, Iston Jadranu djeu Beautemps-Beaupra. Eastern Adratc n theWork of Beautemps-Beaupr, Spt, 2006.

M. KOZLII - M. BRATANI, 2006 - Mthad Koz

- Mateo Bratan, Ancent Sang Routes on Adratc,u: Les routes de Adratc antque, gographe et co-

nome - Putov antkog Jadrana,geograija ekono-mija, Boredeaux - Zadar, 2006., 107-124.

M. KOZLII - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012a - M-thad Koz - Josp Far - Sanda Uge, Geograf-ska osnova navigacije Velebitskim kanalom prema

Senjskom peljaru iz 1639. godine / GeographicalBasis of Navigation along the Velebit Channel accor-ding to 1639 Senjski Peljar, Geoadria, 17 (1), Zadar,2012., 45-71.

M. KOZLII - J. FARII - S. UGLEI, 2012b - M-thad Koz - Josp Far - Sanda Uge, Luke uce veebtskog Podgorja prema hrvatskoj varjan-ti Senjskog peljaraz poetka XVII. stojea, RadoviZavoda za povjesne znanost HAZU u Zadru, 54,Zadar, 2012., 69-123.

M. KOZLII - Z. GRETI - M. BRATANI, 2006- Mthad Koz - Zvonko Gret - Mateo Brata-n, Beautemps-Beauprs research campagns n the

eastern Adratc n 1806 and 1808-1809 and thersgnicance for the deveopment of Adratc hdro-graph, u: GIS Appcatons and Deveopment, Za-greb, 2006., 5-8.

M. KOZLII - V. LOZI, 1994 - Mthad Koz -Vade Loz,Starje zemjopsne karte u Sveunojknjnc u Sptu, Spt, 1994.

K. KRETSCHMER, 1909 - Konrad Kretschmer, De ta-enschen Portoane des Mtteaters. En Betrag zurGeschichte der Kartographie und Nautik. Mit einerKartenbeilage, Bern, 1909.

L. LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1979 - Lucano Lago - CaudoRosst, La rafigurazon dea pensoa Istrana neg

Atant cnquecentesch deOrteo, de Jode e Mer-catore, Att de Centro d rcerche storche, 9, Treste- Rovnj, 1978.-1979., 91-179.

L. LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1980 - Lucano Lago - CaudoRosst, Descrpto Hstrae, Treste, 1980.

L. LAGO - C. ROSSIT, 1986 - Lucano Lago - Cau-do Rosst, Pietro Coppo. Le Tabule, 1-2, Treste,1986.

V. DE LUCIO, 1809 - Vncenzo de Luco, Nuova cartade Mare Adratco ossa Gofo d Veneza, Treste,1809. (Znanstvena knjnca - Zadar).

G. MARIENI, 1830 - Gacomo Maren, Portolano delMare Adratco, Mano, 1830. (Hrvatsk hdrograf-

sk nsttut - Spt; Sveuna knjnca - Pua).G. MARIENI, 1845 - Gacomo Maren, Portolano del

Mare Adratco, Wen, 1845. (Hrvatsk hdrografsknsttut - Spt; Sveuna knjnca - Pua).

M. MARKOVI, 1993 - Mrko Markov, DescrptoCroatiae, Zagreb, 1993.

H. MICHELOT, 1775 - Henr Mcheot, Le portulande la mer Mditerrane, ou le vrai Guide des pilotescostiers, Marsee, 1775. (Bbothque natonae deFrance - Pars; Chambre de commerce et dndustre.Bbothque - Marsee).

H. MICHELOT, 1805 - Henr Mcheot,, Le portulande la mer Mditerrane, ou Guide des pilotes cost-

iers, Nouvee dton (...) augmente de a descrptondes Ctes du Levant et des Ises de Archpe, par unautre navigateur, Marsee, 1805. (Bbothque na-


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tonae de France - Pars; Chambre de commerce etdndustre. Bbothque - Marsee; Lbrar of Con-gress - Washngton; Musum natona dhstore na-turee, Bbothque - Pars).

H. MICHELOT, 1806 - Enrco Mcheot, Portolano del

mare Mediterraneo ossia Guida dei piloti costieri.Nuova edzone corretta ed accrescuta (...), Mars-ga, 1806. (Bbothque natonae de France - Pars;Zavod za znanstven rad HAZU - Spt).

A. CA DA MOSTO, 1584 - Avse Ca da Mosto, Il porto-ano de mare (...), Veneta, 1584. (Sveuna knj-nca - Pua).

. MULJAI, 1971 - arko Muja, Naa obaa unajstarjm tajanskm portuanma, Pomorski zbor-nik, 9, Zadar, 1971., 131-153.

M. NIKOLI, 1979 - Mca Nko, Renesansa Ptoe-mejeve Geograije, u: Monumenta cartographica Ju-goslaviae, 2, Beograd, 1979., 67-90;

A. E. NORDENSKILD, 1889 - Adof Erk Norden-skd, Facsme-Atas to the Eary Hstory of theCartography with Reproductions of the Most Im-portant Maps Prnted n the XV and XVI Centures,Stockhom, 1889. (Sveuna knjnca - Pua).

J. W. NORIE, 1847 - John Wam Nore,New sailingdrectons for the Medterranean Sea, the Adratc,or Guf of Vence, and the Grecan archpeago (),London, 1847. (Lbrar of Congres - Washngton).

D. NOVAK - D. MLINARI - M. LAPAINE, 2005 - Dra-go Novak - Dubravka Mnar - Mjenko Lapane, AComparatve Anass of the 16th Centur OttomanMappng of the Croatan Coast and Isand / Uspo-

redbena studja osmanskog kartograiranja hrvatskeobae otoka u 16. stojeu, Kartograija geonfor-macije, 4, Zagreb, 2005., 78-110.

S. OBAD, 1993 - Stjepo Obad, Sukob nteresa vekhsa na stonom Jadranu krajem 18. u ranom 19.stojeu, Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru, 31(18), Zadar, 1993., 249-254.

T. VON OESTERREICHER, 1873 - Tobas von Oe-sterrecher, De sterrechsche Kstenaufnahme mAdratschen Meer, Trest, 1873. (Sveuna knjn-ca - Pua).

E. Z. KTE, 1988 - Ertugru Zeka kte et a., Kitab-iBahriye. Piri Reis, 2-3, Ankara, 1988.

M. PAVI, 2000 - Morad Pav, Povdbena ruta sjever-nm Jadranom u zoaru Guseppea Rosaccja, RadoviZavoda za povjesne znanost HAZU u Zadru, 42,Zadar, 2000., 173-194.

M. PAVI, 2003 - Morad Pav, Povdbene rute sred-njm junm Jadranom u zoaru Guseppea Rosa-cca, Radov Zavoda za povjesne znanost HAZU uZadru, 45, Zadar, 2003., 153-199.

M. PAVI, 2006 - Morad Pav, Istonojadranske ukeu zoarma portuanma 16. 17. stojea, u: Lukestonog Jadrana - Zbornk pomorskog muzeja Ore-b, Oreb, 2006., 183-192.

M. PAVI, 2007 - Morad Pav, Prog poznavanju ho-

doasnkh putovanja od Venecje do Svete Zemje uXVI. stojeu, Croatica Christiana periodica, 59, Za-greb, 2007., 33-47.

Pilot, 1861 - The Adratc Pot. From the Surveys of Cam-pana, Vscont, and Smyth, and the Portoano of Mar-eni, London, 1861. (Lbrar of Congres - Washngton).

Pilot, 1880 - The Mediterranean pilot, III, Comprisingthe Adratc Sea, Ionan sands, the coasts of Abana

and Greece to Cape Malea, with Cerigo island. Inclu-ding the Gulfs of Patras and Corinth, London, 1880.(Brtsh Lbrar - London).

I. PRINA, 1816 - Ignazo Prna, Il pilota pratico allaCosta Occdentae deAdratco da Treste a iumeTronto ad uso denavgator-coster (...) Aggunto-vi, per iscorta, la Carta ridotta della stessa porzionedi Golfo, ed alcune Note sul Litorale completivo lasuddetta Costa Occidentale, dal Tronto al capo SantaMaria di Leuca, Mano, 1816. (Bboteca Cvca -Treste).

J. PURDy, 1826 - John Purd, The new sailing directoryfor the Medterranean Sea, the Adratc Sea, or Guf

of Vence, the Archpeago and Levant, the Sea ofMarmara, and the Black Sea, London, 1826. (Lbrarof Congres - Washngton; Unted Kngdom Hdro-graphc Ofice - Taunton).

G. ROSACCIO, 1606 - Goseppe Rosacco, Vaggo daVeneta a Costantnopo. Per Mare, e per Terra, &nseme queo d Terra Santa (...), Veneta, 1606. (Na-conana sveuna knjnca - Zagreb).

Segelhandbuch, 1893 - Segehandbuch fr das Adr-atische Meer, Poa, 1893. (Kregsarchv - Wen).

Segelhandbuch, 1906 - Segehandbuch der Adra, Poa,1906. (Hrvatsk hdrografsk nsttut - Spt; Kregsar-chv - Wen).

J. SELLER, 1677 - John Seer, The Engsh pot, Lon-don, 1677. (Unted Kngdom Hdrographc Ofice -Taunton).

W. H. SMyTH, 1854 - Wam Henr Smth,The Medi-terranean. A memor, physca, hstorca, and naut-cal, London, 1854. (Sveuna knjnca - Pua).

M. SORGO, 1668 - Mche Sorgo, In Consolato delmare (...) con Potoano de mare (...), Veneta, 1668.(Zavod za znanstven rad HAZU - Spt).

M. SUI, 1955 - Mate Su, Istona jadranska obaa uPseudo Skakovom Perpu, Rad JAZU, 306, Zagreb,1955., 121-185.


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Sl. 1. Claudius Ptolemaeus, Peta karta Europe, Venezia, 1562. Kolorirano

separatno izdanje - priredio Giuseppe MoletiFig. 1. Claudus Ptolemaeus, Ffth Map of Europe, Veneza, 1562.Colored separate edton edted by Guseppe Molet


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Sl. 2. Pietro Coppo, Karta Mletakog zaljeva, Venecija, oko 1530.

Fig. 2.Petro Coppo, Map of the Gulf of Vence, Vence, ca. 1530.


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Sl. 3. Natal Bonifai - Abraham Ortelius, Zadarsko-ibenski akvatorij, Antwerpen, 1572. Jedna od

najstarijih i za vrijeme nastanka izvanredno preciznih regionalnih karata.Fig. 3.Natal Bonfa - Abraham Ortelus, Martme zone of Zadar and benk, Antwerpen, 1572.One of the oldest and exceptonally precse regonal maps at the tme.


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Sl. 4. Willem Barents (Barendsz, Barentszoon), Karta Mletakog zaljeva, Amsterdam. 1595.

Prva karta Jadrana koja ima i planove luka s istaknutim dubinama moraFig. 4. Wllem Barents (Barendsz, Barentszoon), Map of the Gulf of Vence, Amsterdam.1595. Frst map of the Adratc whch contans port plans wth denoted sea depths.


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Sl. 5.Jacques Nicolas Bellin, Geografski opis Mletakog zaljeva i Moreje, Paris, 1771., naslovnica. U ovom je

peljaru Jadran nautiki opisan bitno kvalitetnije nego u ranijim slinim djelima. Peljar ima mnotvo pomorskih

planova i regionalnih karata

Fig. 5.Jacques Ncolas Belln, Geographcal descrpton of the Gulf of Vence and Morea, Pars, 1771, ttle page.In ths plot Adratc was descrbed much better n nautcal terms than n the earler works. Plot has many nautcalplans and regonal maps.


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Sl. 6. Charles Franois Beautemps-Beaupr, Planovi luka Pore, Umag i ulaza u Limski kanal, Paris, 1821. Po

okonanju hidrografske izmjere istonog Jadrana Beautemps-Beaupr je priredio i tiskao crno-bijele pomorske karte

i planove istonog Jadrana. Ovaj se odnosi na dio lokaliteta uz zapadnu obalu Istre

Fig. 6. Charles Franos Beautemps-Beaupr, Plans of the ports of Pore, Umag and entrance to the Lm Channel

(Lmsk Kanal), Pars, 1821. After the end of hydrographc measurement of the eastern Adratc Beautemps-Beaupr prepared and prnted black and whte nautcal charts and plans of the eastern Adratc. Ths one refers toa part of the localty along the western coast of Istra.


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Sl. 7. Album plovidbenih karata Jadrana, Milano, 1822.-1824., pregledni list

Fig. 7.Album of nautcal charts of the Adratc, Mlano, 1822-1824, overvew map page.


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Sl. 8. Giacomo Marieni, Plovidbeni prirunik Jadrana, Milano, 1830., naslovnica. Daljnji rezultat hidrografskih

izmjera Jadrana poetkom 19. stoljea bit e izrada ovoga iznimno obimnog peljara, ak sa 600 stranica. Toliko je

kvalitetno uraen da bi uz manje dopune mogao posluiti i suvremenim pomorcima, osobito jedriliarima

Fig. 8. Gacomo Maren, The Adratc Plot, Mlano, 1830, ttle page. Further result of hydrographc measurements

of the Adratc area at the begnnng of the 19th century wll be creaton of ths exceptonally comprehensve plot,wth as much as 600 pages. It was made wth such accuracy that t could be used presently wth mnor adjustments,partcularly by yachtsmen.


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Sl. 9. Giovanni Gruba, Novi plovidbeni prirunik Jadrana, Trieste, 1833., naslovnica. Prvi Grubaev pokuaj 1807.-

1808. oko iroko zasnovanog peljara urodit e ovim djelom koje e se ukupno otisnuti ak etiri puta. To je bilo

mogue jer je to bitno krai prirunik od Marienijeva, pa je tadanjim pomorcima, jo nenaviknutim na obiman i

sveobuhvatan tekst, bio primjereniji

Fig. 9. Govann Gruba. New Plot of the Adratc, Treste, 1833, ttle page. Frst Grubas attempt n 1807-1808

concernng wdely conceved plot wll result n ths work whch was publshed four tmes. Ths was possble snceths was much shorter plot book than the Marens one so that t was more approprate for the salors of the tme,unaccustomed to large and comprehensve text.


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Sl. 10. U pulskom Hidrografskom uredu Carsko-kraljevske ratne mornarice izraen je 1893. i najnoviji peljar

Jadrana koji e biti okosnicom svih takvih djela tijekom veega dijela 20. stoljeaFig. 10.In the Hydrographc Ofice of the Royal and Imperal Navy n Pula a new plot of the Adratc was maden 1893 whch was a bass of all such works durng the larger part of the 20th century.


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Sl. 11. Pregledni list austro-ugarskih plovidbenih karata otisnut u Peljaru Jadrana izdanom u Puli 1893. godine

Fig. 11. Overvew map page of the Austran-Hungaran nautcal charts prnted n the Adratc Plot publshed nPula n 1893.


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Documents

Pomorske Karte i Plovidbeni Prirucnici Istocnog Jadrana Tijekom Povijesti