Pokok Bahasan #1-1 Review BD

8/9/2019 Pokok Bahasan #1-1 Review BD

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JURUSAN SISTEMINFORMASI

Fakultas Teknologi Informasi -

ITS

SISTEM MANAJEMEN BASIS

DATA

Pokok Baasan !"#"Data$ases % Data$ase Users

Prof# Ir# Arif D&unai'() M#S*#) P#D#[email protected]@gmail.com


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Slide 1- 2

Outline

•

Types of Databases and Database Applications• Basic Denitions

• Typical DBS !unctionality

• "#ample of a Database $%&'(")S'T*+

• ain ,aacteistics of te Database Appoac

• Database %ses

• Ad/antages of %sing te Database Appoac

• 0en &ot to %se Databases


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Slide 1-

Types of Databases andDatabase Applications

• Taditional Applications

– &umeic and Te#tual Databases

• oe )ecent Applications

– ultimedia Databases

– 3eogapic 'nfomation Systems $3'S+

– Data 0aeouses

– )eal-time and Acti/e Databases

– any ote applications

• !ist pat of boo4 focuses on taditional applications

• A number of recent applications are described laterin the book (for example, Chapters 24,26,28,29,30


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Slide 1- 5

Basic Denitions

• Data$ase+

– A collection of elated data.

• Data+

– 6no7n facts tat can be ecoded and a/e an implicitmeaning.

• Mini-,orl'+

– Some pat of te eal 7old about 7ic data is stoed in adatabase. !o e#ample8 student gades and tanscipts at auni/esity.

• Data$ase Management S(stem DBMS.+

–

A soft7ae pac4age9 system to facilitate te ceation andmaintenance of a computei:ed database.

• Data$ase S(stem+

– Te DBS soft7ae togete 7it te data itself. Sometimes8te applications ae also included.


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Slide 1- ;

Simplied Database System"n/ionment


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Slide 1- <

Typical DBS !unctionality

• !e"ne a paticula database in tems of its datatypes8 stuctues8 and constaints

• Construct o =oad te initial database contents on aseconday stoage medium

• #anipulatin$ te database

– )etie/al >ueying8 geneating epots

– odication 'nsetions8 deletions and updates to itscontent

– Accessing te database toug 0eb applications• %rocessin$ and &harin$ by a set of concuent uses

and application pogams ? yet8 4eeping all data/alid and consistent


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Slide 1-

Typical DBS !unctionality

• Ote featues

– otection o Secuity measues to pe/entunautoi:ed access

–

Acti/eC pocessing to ta4e intenal actions ondata

– esentation and (isuali:ation of data

– aintaining te database and associated

pogams o/e te lifetime of te databaseapplication

• ,alled database8 soft7ae8 and system maintenance

t


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Slide 1-

#amp e o a ata ase$7it a ,onceptual Data

odel+• Mini-,orl' for te e/am0le+ – at of a %&'(")S'T* en/ionment.

•

Some mini-,orl' entities+ – ST%D"&Ts

– ,O%)S"s

– S",T'O&s $of ,O%)S"s+

– $academic+ D"A)T"&Ts

– '&ST)%,TO)s

t


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Slide 1- E

#amp e o a ata ase$7it a ,onceptual Data

odel+• Some mini-,orl' relationships+ – S",T'O&s are of speci"c ,O%)S"s

– ST%D"&Ts take S",T'O&s

– ,O%)S"s ha'e prereuisite ,O%)S"s

– '&ST)%,TO)s teach S",T'O&s

– ,O%)S"s are o)ered b* D"A)T"&Ts

– ST%D"&Ts ma+or in D"A)T"&Ts

• &ote Te abo/e entities and elationsips aetypically e#pessed in a conceptual data model8 sucas te "&T'T*-)"=AT'O&SF' data model $see,aptes 8 5+


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Slide 1- 1G

"#ample of a SimpleDatabase


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Slide 1- 11

ain ,aacteistics of teDatabase Appoac

• Self-'es*ri$ing nature of a 'ata$ase s(stem+

– A DBS *atalog stoes te desciption of a paticuladatabase $e.g. data stuctues8 types8 and constaints+

– Te desciption is called meta-'ata.

– Tis allo7s te DBS soft7ae to 7o4 7it diHeentdatabase applications.

• Insulation $et,een 0rograms an' 'ata+

– ,alled 0rogram-'ata in'e0en'en*e.

– Allo7s canging data stuctues and stoageogani:ation 7itout a/ing to cange te DBSaccess pogams.


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Slide 1- 12

"#ample of a Simplied Database,atalog

t t t


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Slide 1- 1

a n aacte st cs o t eDatabase Appoac

$continued+• Data A$stra*tion+ – A 'ata mo'el is used to ide stoage details

and pesent te uses 7it a conceptual /ie7

of te database. – ogams efe to te data model constucts

ate tan data stoage details

• Su00ort of multi0le 1ie,s of te 'ata+

– "ac use may see a diHeent /ie7 of tedatabase8 7ic descibes onl( te data ofinteest to tat use.

t t t


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Slide 1- 15

a n aacte st cs o t eDatabase Appoac

$continued+• Saring of 'ata an' multi-user transa*tion0ro*essing+

– Allo7ing a set of *on*urrent users to etie/e fomand to update te database.

– Concurrenc* control 7itin te DBS guaantees tateac transa*tion is coectly e#ecuted o aboted

– eco'er* subsystem ensues eac completedtansaction as its eHect pemanently ecoded in tedatabase

– O2TP $Online Tansaction ocessing+ is a majo patof database applications. Tis allo7s undeds ofconcuent tansactions to e#ecute pe second.


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Slide 1- 1<

Database %ses

• Actos on te scene

– Data$ase a'ministrators+• )esponsible fo autoi:ing access to te

database8 fo coodinating and monitoing its use8acIuiing soft7ae and ad7ae esouces8contolling its use and monitoing eJciency ofopeations.

– Data$ase Designers+• )esponsible to dene te content8 te stuctue8

te constaints8 and functions o tansactionsagainst te database. Tey must communicate7it te end-uses and undestand tei needs.


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Slide 1- 1

,ategoies of "nd-uses

• Actos on te scene $continued+ – En'-users+ Tey use te data fo Iueies8

epots and some of tem update tedatabase content. "nd-uses can becategoi:ed into• 3asual access database occasionally 7en

needed

• Na41e o aametic tey ma4e up a lage

section of te end-use population. – Tey use pe/iously 7ell-dened functions in te fom

of canned tansactionsC against te database.

– "#amples ae ban4-telles o ese/ation cle4s 7o dotis acti/ity fo an entie sift of opeations.


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Slide 1- 1

,ategoies of "nd-uses$continued+

• So0isti*ate'+ – Tese include business analysts8 scientists8

enginees8 otes toougly familia 7it tesystem capabilities.

–

any use tools in te fom of soft7ae pac4agestat 7o4 closely 7it te stoed database.

• Stan'-alone+ – ostly maintain pesonal databases using eady-

to-use pac4aged applications.

– An e#ample is a ta# pogam use tat ceates itso7n intenal database.

– Anote e#ample is a use tat maintains anaddess boo4

t


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Slide 1- 1E

/antages o%sing te Database

Appoac• ,ontolling edundancy in data stoage andin de/elopment and maintenance eHots.

– Saing of data among multiple uses.

• )esticting unautoi:ed access to data.• o/iding pesistent stoage fo pogam

Objects

– 'n Object-oiented DBSs ? see ,aptes 2G-22

• o/iding Stoage Stuctues $e.g. inde#es+fo eJcient >uey ocessing


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t ona mp cat ons o


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Slide 1- 21

t ona mp cat ons o%sing te Database

Appoac• otential fo enfocing standads – Tis is /ey cucial fo te success of

database applications in lage

ogani:ations. Stan'ar's efe to dataitem names8 display fomats8 sceens8epot stuctues8 meta-data $desciption ofdata+8 0eb page layouts8 etc.

• )educed application de/elopment time – 'ncemental time to add eac ne7

application is educed.

t ona mp cat ons o


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Slide 1- 22

t ona mp cat ons o%sing te Database Appoac

$continued+• !le#ibility to cange data stuctues – Database stuctue may e/ol/e as ne7

eIuiements ae dened.

•

A/ailability of cuent infomation – "#temely impotant fo on-line tansaction

systems suc as ailine8 otel8 ca ese/ations.

• "conomies of scale

– 0asteful o/elap of esouces and pesonnelcan be a/oided by consolidating data andapplications acoss depatments.


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Slide 1- 2

Fistoical De/elopment ofDatabase Tecnology

• "aly Database Applications

– Te Fieacical and &et7o4 odels 7ee intoducedin mid 1E


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Slide 1- 25

sto ca e/e opment oDatabase Tecnology

$continued+• Object-oiented and emeging applications – Object-Oiented Database anagement Systems

$OODBSs+ 7ee intoduced in late 1EGs and ealy1EEGs to cate to te need of comple# data

pocessing in ,AD and ote applications.• Tei use as not ta4en oH muc.

– any elational DBSs a/e incopoated objectdatabase concepts8 leading to a ne7 categoy

called ob+ect-relational DBSs $O)DBSs+ – .xtended relational systems add fute

capabilities $e.g. fo multimedia data8 K=8 andote data types+

sto ca e/e opment o


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Slide 1- 2;

sto ca e/e opment oDatabase Tecnology

$continued+• Data on te 0eb and "-commeceApplications – 0eb contains data in FT= $Fypete#t ma4up

language+ 7it lin4s among pages.

– Tis as gi/en ise to a ne7 set of applicationsand "-commece is using ne7 standads li4eK= $eKtended a4up =anguage+. $see ,. 2+.

– Scipt pogamming languages suc as F and

La/aScipt allo7 geneation of dynamic 0ebpages tat ae patially geneated fom adatabase $see ,. 2


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Slide 1- 2<

"#tending Database,apabilities

• &e7 functionality is being added to DBSs in te follo7ingaeas

– Scientic Applications

– K= $eKtensible a4up =anguage+

– 'mage Stoage and anagement

– Audio and (ideo Data anagement

– Data 0aeousing and Data ining

– Spatial Data anagement

– Time Seies and Fistoical Data anagement

• Te abo/e gi/es ise to ne/ research and de'elopment inincopoating ne7 data types8 comple# data stuctues8 ne7opeations and stoage and inde#ing scemes in databasesystems.


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Slide 1- 2

0en &ot to %se a DBS

• ain inibitos $costs+ of using a DBS

– Fig initial in/estment and possible need foadditional ad7ae.

– O/eead fo po/iding geneality8 secuity8

concuency contol8 eco/ey8 and integityfunctions.

• 0en a DBS may be unnecessay

– 'f te database and applications ae simple8 7ell

dened8 and not e#pected to cange. – 'f tee ae stingent eal-time eIuiements tat

may not be met because of DBS o/eead.

– 'f access to data by multiple uses is not eIuied.


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Slide 1- 2

0en &ot to %se a DBS

• 0en no DBS may suJce

– 'f te database system is not able toandle te comple#ity of data because

of modeling limitations – 'f te database uses need special

opeations not suppoted by te DBS.


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Slide 1- 2E

Summay

• Types of Databases and Database Applications

• Basic Denitions

• Typical DBS !unctionality

• "#ample of a Database $%&'(")S'T*+

• ain ,aacteistics of te DatabaseAppoac

• Database %ses

• Ad/antages of %sing te Database Appoac• 0en &ot to %se Databases


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Pokok Bahasan #1-1 Review BD