Unit 1Poetry

1-Types of Poems

Sonnet-14 lines of iambic pentameter, with a specific rhyme scheme and intro/conclusion style.

Ballad- A narrative poem with a refrain, usually about love, nature or an event

Lyric-a usually short, personal poem expressing the poet’s emotions and thoughts rather than telling a story.

Prose- A poem written more like a paragraph

Narrative: A poem that tells a story

Pastoral- A poem dealing with shepherds and rural life

2-Parts of Poem

Form:the appearance of the words on the page

Line: a group of words together on one line of the poem

Stanza- a section or division of a poem, resembling paragraphs

Refrain: a repeated word or phrase at regular intervals in a poem

Couplet- two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme

3-Meter: a pattern sound-units recurring regularly in lines of a verse

4-Foot: a basic unit of rhythmic measurement in a line of poetry

5-Iamb: a foot made up of two syllables of unstressed stressed (u /)

6-Free Verse●Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.●Does NOT have rhyme.●Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.●A more modern type of poetry.

7-Blank Verse●Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.

8-Diction

Is the choice of words that an author uses in his/her work. Diction can create mood, tone, and imagery.

Poetic terms

9-Rhyme: the similarity of sounds between two words.

10-End Rhyme: rhyme which comes as the end of a line of poetry

11-Internal Rhyme: rhyme which comes within the line of poetryexample: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.From “The Raven”by Edgar Allan Poe

12-Near/Slant Rhyme: an inexact rhyme between two words

ex: (barn/yard)

13- Eye Rhyme: Rhyme is based on spelling rather than sound

ex:(bough/though)

14-Rhyme Scheme:

A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme

16-Alliteration

Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

17-AssonanceRepeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. (Often creates near rhyme.)

Lake Fate Base Fade(All share the long “a” sound.)

Examples of ASSONANCE:“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”

John Masefield

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18-ConsonanceSimilar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .

The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words “silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

19-AllusionAllusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”

An allusion is a reference in a text to something famous.

Ex: This place is like a Garden of Eden.” – This is a biblical allusion to the “garden of God” in the Book of Genesis.

20-AnalogyAn Analogy is a likeness or similarity between things (a subject) that are otherwise unlike.

Analogy is the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship.

Grass:Green Sky: ______________

21-Enjambmentthe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

Language that contains figures of speech such as similes, metaphors, personification etc.

22-Figurative Language

23-Simile A comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.”

Example: “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

24- Metaphor

a comparison of two unlike things without using like or as

ex your room is a pig sty

25- Cliche

Any expression that has been used so often that it has lost its freshness.

ex: not the brightest bulb on the tree

26-PersonificationAn animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities.

Example:from “Ninki”

by Shirley Jackson

“Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly, to a man with a gun.

27-Euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

ex: saying downsizing instead of cuts/layoffs

28- Hyperbole

an exaggerated statement used to make a point

ex: I am so hungry I could eat a horse.

29-Onomatopoeia

the use of words that seem to imitate the sounds they refer to.

ex. Buzz

30-IdiomAn expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says.

31-Imagery

to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to the physical senses.

Ex. The children were screaming and shouting in the fields. – “Screaming” and “shouting” appeal to our sense of hearing or auditory sense.

3 types:verbal-This is the contrast between what is said and what is actually meant.

situational-This refers to a happening/event that is the opposite of what is expected or intended.

dramatic-This occurs when the reader knows something about a character or situation that the characters do not know.

32-Irony- the opposite of what is expected or intended

33-Symbol/SymbolismSymbol : a concrete item that is used to represent something else (especially something abstract)ex: a dove for peace

Symbolism: when a symbol is used to convey a deeper meaning ex. The mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird-over the course of the novel, killing mockingbirds is associated with the sinful, the pointless, and the cruel.

34-Paradoxis a statement that contradicts itself and still seems true somehow.

ex. “All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others”.

35-Parodyan imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.