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PN E-202FFINAL REPORT

1c / peaceful uses fo r nuclear explosives

UNITED S T A T E S ATOMIC E N E RG Y COMMISSION I P L O W S H A RE P RO G RA M

projectNEVADA TEST SITE / JULY 6, 1962

//

0 00

Las Vegas

Sedan Long Range Blast PropagationJack W. Reed / Hugh W. Church

SANDIA CORPORATION ISSUED: AUGUST 30, 1963

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENTAApproved for Public Release 20050824068

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LEGAL NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the UnitedStates, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:

A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accu-racy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the useof any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringeprivately owned rights; or

B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from theuse of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.

As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any em-ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent thatsuch employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares,disseminates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contractwith the Commission, or his employment with such contractor.

This report has been reproduced directly from the bestavailable copy.Printed in USA. Price $0.75. Available from the Office ofTechnical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington25, D. C.

uS~FC 0~O~k Rid T---

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PNE-202F

Project PlowshareSEDAN LONG RANGE BLAST PROPAGATION

Final Report

Jack W. ReedHugh W. Church

Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, New MexicoJune 1963

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ABSTRACTMicrobarograph records of air-blast waves from the Sedan shot were made at

eight stations in California and Nevada at ranges from 100 to 230 miles. A 1.2-ton high-explosive calibration shot was fired at Sedan ml=92 minutes to estab-lish propagation conditions fo r bursts in air. Comparison of recorded signalsindicated that Sedan blast-wave amplitudes averaged 20 percent of amplitudeswhich would have been transmitted had the Sedan yield been free-air burst. In-dividual transmissivity values ranged from 5 to 35 percent. Variations aroundthe average are probably caused by atmospheric turbulence.

Sedan blast waves were ducted toward the west by atmospheric refractionin the ozonosphere where strong summer easterlies were blowing at 100.,000- to200,000-foot altitudes. Rocket wind measurements were made at Tonopah Test Range.Rocket and rawinsonde data were used to calculate atmospheric blast propagationswhich are in fair agreement with microbarograph measurements.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PageINTRODUCTION ........................... .............................. 5EXPERIMENT PLAN .......................... ........................... 5INSTRUMENTATION .......................... ............................ 6RESULTS .......................... ................................ .. 12CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............. .................... .. 29REFERENCES ....................... ............................... ... 31

ILLUSTRAT IONS

1. Sedan microbarograph stations ........... .................. . . 72. Raypac (Atmospheric Sound Ray Computer) and plotter at

CP-I, NT S ........................... ............................ 93. Sedan microbarograph recordings ............... .............. . 44. Microbarograph recordings of HE calibration shot fired at

Sedan minus 2 minutes ............... .......... ..... ...... 155. Maximum pressure-wave amplitudes ............ ................ .. 166. Platform used in firing HE calibration shots; height, 15 feet . . . 187. Air-blast transmission factors from high-explosive and nuclear

cratering tests ................... .......................... .. 218. Pressure-amplitude-versus-distance predictions and observations

at various direction bearings, normalized to calibration shotyield ......................... .............................. .. 23

9. Calculated pressure-distance curves from two assumed atmosphericmodels ........................ .............................. .. 24

10. Calculated mean speeds to wave arrival fo r two assumed atmos-pheric models ..................... .......................... .. 2611. Verification scatter diagram fo r HE calibration shot .. ....... o.2712. Pressure-distance data extrapolated to 50-mt cratering shot . ... 28

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TABLESPage

1. Bearings and Ranges from Shot Points to Microbarograph Stations . 82. Upper Air Observations Used fo r Sound-Ray Calculations .. ...... .. 113. Sedan Microbarograph Data Summary ......... ................. ... 134. Sedan Transmission Factors .............. .................... .. 20

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Project PlowshareSEDAN LONG-RANGE BLAST PROPAGATION

INTRODUCTIONThe Sedan shot was a 100-kiloton nuclear device burst 635 feet below th e

surface in Yucca Flat , Area 10, of the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Shot time was1000 PDT, July 6, 1962. The test was conducted to give cratering effects dataon nuclear excavation in desert alluvium. Results are to be applied to thedesign and safety evaluation of future Plowshare nuclear excavations.

Microbarograph measurements were made at ranges to 230 miles to providedata fo r scaling and the assurance of off-site safety of future larger crateringexperiments. Similar measurements on Plowshare high-explosive (HE) testsl' 2 ' 3have shown approximately how air-blast transmissions were decreased with in-creased scaled depth of burst. This transmissivity appeared to be larger forshots in basalt(Buckboard) 2 than fo r shots in alluvium (Stagecoach).' Trans-missivity appear to increase with increased yield in Stagecoach-versus-Scooter 3comparisons. It was believed that there would also be a difference betweennuclear and high-explosive transmissivities, but comparison between Teapot ESS4and the Stagecoach shallow shot did not show any clear difference. There wereno other nuclear tests at depths near the optimum fo r cratering in similarenvironments.

During the 1958-61 test moratorium, rocket upper wind measurements weremade operationally feasible so that ozonosphere weather conditions could be ob-served. These observations could be used to calculate ozonosphere sould refrac-tion and blast ducting as was done in previous years for tropospheric ductingfo r the purpose of making predictions fo r off-site safety. Sedan, Dannyboy, 5and Smallboy shots provided the only opportunities thus far encountered at NTSto test these high-alt i tude blast pattern calculations.

EXPERIMENT PLANIn summer, ozonosphere winds at OO.,OOO- to 200,000-foot altitudes blow

from east to west and, from Nevada. refract blast waves into California, with

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a caustic ring of relat ively strong waves landing at between 100 and 150 milesfrom surface zero. Waves in this ring reflect from ground, repeat the highatmosphere path, and land again at 200 to 300 miles, etc. To study this pat-tern, microbarograph stations were operated at eight sites in th e southwest-northwest quadrant from NT S as shown in Fig. 1. Shot and microbarograph loca-tion coordinates and connecting bearings and ranges are listed in Table 1.

It was planned to fire 1.2-ton high-explosive calibration shots at H minus2 minutes and H plus 3 minutes to record the general propagation of known-yieldair blasts. Comparison of signals from these shots with th e intervening Sedansignal would allow calculation of the air-blast attenuation factor or its in-verse, th e transmissivity, from th e buried nuclear device.

Near shot time, a rocket wind measurement of ozonosphere winds and aballoon-borne rawinsonde measurement of troposphere winds and temperatures wereto be made. Weather data from these soundings were to be used to computedirected sound velocities at various altitudes. From the sound velocity struc-ture a computation of refracted sound-ray paths could be made on th e Raypaccomputer at th e NT S control point (CP-l). This analogue sound-ray computeris shown in Fig. 2. Sound-ray paths indicate where a blast wave would returnto ground, and th e ray spacing, when combined with blast yield, allows a cal-culated pressure-amplitude prediction. Calculated predictions were to becompared with signals from both the HE calibration shots and the Sedan signalto give statistical information on prediction errors. Also, the three eventrecords (two HE and one nuclear) of the blast signals at each station could becompared to show short-term variability of atmospheric propagations caused byturbulence.

Finally, results were to be scaled up to larger yields to demonstratethe magnitude and relative importance of blast safety predictions.

INSTRUMENTATIONMicrobarographs used fo r this project were similar to those used fo r years

in recording nuclear tests. Differential pressure-wave sensors were twistedBourdon tubes which turned an armature with respect to an E-core. Varyingreluctance in th e E-core is used to modulate a carrier wave transmitted by

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Sedan.Deep Springs 615 107 940 605 555 945Bishop 714 13.8 970 708 685 969 Doubtful amplitudes.Tom's Place 791 67.0 990 785 >750 990 Sedan signal mayhave limited.Coaldale 654 130 951 645 320 954 Max. HE value may

be electric inter-ference.

NOTE: ta is arrival time in seconds;Pk is peak-to-peak pressure amplitude in microbars;V is average propagation speed in ft/sec.

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OFF-SCALE no?W 0 HE CALIBRATIONa- 10 SEDANI0 -MB SET NO. STATION

5 ARGUS, CALIF.6 DEEP SPRINGS, CALIF. 10- 8 COLDALE, NEV.9 TOMWS PLACE, CALIF.10 VALLEY ACRES CALIF.II BISHOP, CALIO.14 CHINA LAKE, CALIFi15 LONE PINE, CALIF

10 4 108 I0 6 1io7RANGE (FEET)

Fig. 5 Maximum pressure-wave amplitudes.

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0.34 times the overpressure; from this, peak-to-peak pressure amplitude, Pk,at large distance is assumed to conserve this relation so that Pk = 1"34 iLp"

The calibration shot was 1.2-ton uncased high-explosive (TNT) placed ona wooden platform 15 feet above ground, similar to the one shown in Fig. 6.At this height of burst, the blast wave was equivalent to a wave from 2.1 tonsHE, free-air burst. The end point of IBM Problem M, 25.5 mb at 9000 feet range,was scaled to give Pk = 1.34 x 25.5 = 34.2 mb at R = 9000 (4.2 t/l kt) 1 /3 =1452 feet. Beyond this range, Pk = 53.5 (R kft)- 1 . 2 mb.

The apparent HE blast-yield enhancement caused by height-of-burst effects10was derived from data published by Vortman and Shreve. Effects of height ofburst on blast pressures propagated to long range are according to Church. 1 1Calibration HE shots were first fired on towers during the Buckboard project.On Stagecoach they were fired at ground level. There remains some doubt thatthe surface burst apparent yield value, 0.6W, used in Stagecoach, is correct.If a larger value, i.e., 1.6W, as is generally used for nuclear surface bursts,is more appropriate, Stagecoach transmission factors should be increased by(1.6/0.6)0.4 = 1.48. This would result in negating previous conclusions that(1) transmissivity from shots in basalt is larger than from shots in alluvium,and (2) transmissivity increases with increased yield. Church's experiments withHE spheres half-buried fo r zero height of burst, in addition to two pressure-gage measurements at 300 feet from 1.2 tons of depth charges lying on the ground,are not sufficient to adequately ease these doubts. Other more direct tests,comparing 1.2-ton HE tower bursts with surface bursts, should be made.

Sedan, with a yield of 100 kilotons (nuclear), if free-air burst, wouldhave given a standard pressure-distance curve beginning at Pk = 34.2 mb atR = 9000 (100 kt/l kt) 1 /3 = 41,800 feet, and would have followed Pk = 3010(R kft)-1"2 to longer ranges. Figure 5 shows that some of the Sedan pressures(off-scale records) probably exceeded standard values for air bursts. Sincethe HE calibration records greatly exceeded the standard homogeneous atmospherepropagations, Sedan results are not surprising. Atmospheric ducting and focus-ing toward this downwind sector of observation stations on this particular daycaused considerable enchancement of pressure amplitudes from both shots.

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Table 4. Sedan Transmission Factors

Station f Remarks

CP-l 0.5911. HE blocked by hill, f probablytoo large.

Argus m.146 Good records.China Lake >0.269 Sedan slightly off-scale.

0.351* Good wave records.Valley Acres 0.304* Good records early signal.

0.185 Possible later ozonosphereHE record is obscured inearly Sedan signal.

Lone Pine >0.152 Sedan off-scale.Deep Springs 0.091* Good records.Bishop 0.217* Amplitude scale doubtful, may

not affect relative amplitudeor f values.

Tom's Place 0.201* Good records.>0.197 Sedan signal may be limitedby set range.

Coaldale 0.0506 (0.0675) Electrical noise may have added0.0456 (0.0532) to HE value, estimated f with

noise subtracted in parentheses.*Subjectively judged to be most representative values.

Logarithmic average of starred * values = 0.199.

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LARGER THAN INDICATEDSSMALLER THAN INDICATEDo DATA POINTSo SEDAN POINTS USED IN AVERAGING

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wave model was possible. It would be of value if this effect, as described inth e Stagecoach analysis, could be verified by a measurement project on futurecratering tests.

Final sound-ray calculat ions were made on a CDC-1604 computer at SandiaLaboratory. Ray paths, travel time, and a multiplicative factor fo r standardblast pressure are computed fo r each 1-degree increment of initial ray eleva-tion angle. Calculated pressure-distance curves are shown in Fig. 8. Ampli-tudes have been normalized fo r 1.2 tons HE at a 15-foot height of burst, peak-to-peak pressures, and fo r a 1000-mb ambient se a level pressure condition.Actual microbarograph data points for th e HE calibration shot are shown fo r com-parison. Sedan data were scaled to the calibration shot yield and reduced bythe 0.199 average transmission factor. Verif ication again frequently errs by afactor of 2. At Argus and Valley Acres in Fig. 8, a and b, significant finitepressures were recorded in calculated silence zones, although rays were calcu-lated to land within a few miles of each stat ion. On the average, these raycalculat ions slightly over-predict pressures, but this error seems small in com-parison to the range of random errors encountered.

Atmospheric viscous attenuation, in theory, should reduce the overpres-sure of ozonosphere signals from the HE calibration shots about 40 percent.Past experiments gave some indication that this effect was observed, but itnow appears from these data that the R" 1 "2 decay takes this factor into account.This attenuation mainly absorbs high-frequency waves and would not significantlyaffect th e Sedan lower frequency waves. If the attenuation were assumed, th eHE data points fo r Deep Springs, Tom's Place, and Coaldale would be even fartherabove th e calculated curve or th e Sedan data. For th e present, viscous atten-uation is being ignored.

Calculated patterns are rather strongly dependent upon th e temperature-height structure assumed fo r th e ozonosphere. (Rocket measurements were madeonly of wind.) There was a small change in th e recommended upper atmosphere tem-perature model between 1959 and 1962. A ll patterns were calculated and both tem-perature structures were used in th e hope of finding one more useful than th eother. The resulting pressure-distance patterns are quite different in appear-ance, as shown in Fig. 9, but in reality the differences are small and mostly

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100

S100 2o 4

L 10 EARLY, 1040 FPS

ANGUS CHINAIA LAKE

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1VALLEYACRESj10 -- J1100 1200 1300 1400 100 1600RANGE(Kft)

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S10000

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0 PINE 10DEEP BISHOP TON'SSPRINGS PLACE

71000 60 700RANGE (Kft)

Fig. 8D

* a) ELECTRICAL NOISE MAY HAVE ADDEDTO SIGNAL FROM HE1.01 I I I * b)NOISE LEVEL REMOVED500 600o 0 600 900 1000

RANGE (Kft)

Fig. 8C

Pre ssure-amplitude-versus-distance COALDALENEVADApredictions and observations at

various direction bearings,normalized to calibration shotyield. to0 Sedan* Calibration Shot

I II500 600 700 600 900 000

RANGE (6ft)

23 Fig. 8E

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100 DIRECTION BEARING 2800

159ATMOSPHERE

- '462 TMOSPHERE

I'\\ \- \'

10 I I I500 600 700 800 900

R (Kft)

Fig. 9 Calculated pressure-distance curves from two assumedatmospheric models.

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reflect changes in ray strike ranges. Also, computed versus observed arrivaltimes do not indicate an advantage in using either model as shown in Fig. 10.Focal points and intensities are strongly dependent on detailed temperatureand wind structures, and thus show up as large pattern changes. With the accuracyof wind observations currently attainable at these levels, however, the assumedtemperature model change is really of little significance; the same holds forthe ragged features of the pressure-distance prediction. Final calculations inFig. 8, therefore, were made from the most recent 1962 ARDC Model Atmospheretemperatures.

In Fig. 8d it is of interest that the Sedan data gave a smoother pressure-distance curve than did either the HE data or the ray calculation. For longwavelength signals, it may be true that detailed effects of atmospheric layer-ing are smoothed. If so, large yield predictions may be made with smallererrors than are indicated by the bulk of HE data collected to date. Only largequantities of statistical data could firmly verify this conclusion, but largequantities would also be required to determine adequately the distribution oferrors when data scatter is as large as has been observed here. It may be ofvalue on future nuclear cratering tests to increase the number of microbaro-graph observations to determine whether results from large yields are more uni-form than are those from smaller yields. If so, off-site safety problems posedby large probable errors and by computed foci may be appreciably reduced.

Verification is graphically shown in Fig. 11, with predicted plottedagainst observed pressure amplitudes fo r the HE calibration shot. Calculatedvalues are the ranges of pressures predicted to land within 5, 10, and 20 milesof the station. In every case, a silence zone was predicted to exist within20 miles of the station. Only the Deep Springs pressure exceeded all predic-tion; other observed values were predicted to land within 20 miles of the record-ing station.

Scaling to Large Excavation YieldsMicrobarograph measurements on both HE and Sedan shots have been extrapo-

lated to a 50-megaton-yield device at 1.37 ft/(lb) 1 / 3 , or 5040 feet depth ofburst, in Fig. 12. Resulting upper-bound pressure curves for 50 and 10 megatonsare shown. If 4-mb amplitudes are the limit for off-site safety, based on NTSexperience with Las Vegas and St. George, damage could extend 385 miles downwind(ozonosphere) from the 50-megaton shot or 230 miles from the 10-megaton shot.

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10005

LONE9001 I PIHE"

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1200 1300 14( 15001 - 0

20'59

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35

APoRU BISEp PLACE

90011

500 00 700 50 0R (Kft)Fig. 10 Calculated mean speeds to wave arrival fo r two assumed

atmosphe-ric models. 26

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1000

=DEEP SPRINGS100 TOM'S PLACE -

- ,CHINA LAKEARGUSLONE PINECOALDALE

aw

coIO10

VALLEY ACRES-

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLISM:I. RANGE OF PREDICTED PRESSURES WITHIN

MILES FROM STATION2.SILENT ZONE PREDICTED WITHIN10 .204--mMILES FROM STATION1.0 I I I I I1.0 10 100 1000

PREDICTED Pk(OWb)

Fig. 11 Verification scatter diagram fo r HE calibration shot.

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100 mb

IBM PROBLEM MEXTENSION(886KT FREE AIR BURST

EQUIVALENT)

0E

w 1mb 0m fy7mb MODERATE WINDOW DAMAGES " .CJ

w 4mb MINIMUM FOR WINDOW BREAKAGE

w

ILa.

o SEDAN DATA N \HE CALIBRATION SHOT DATA

,00 , ,b I I I I I I I104 104 I06 10?

RANGE (FEET)

Fig . 12 Pressure-distance data extrapolated to 50-mt cratering shot.

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If a 7-mb limit were acceptable, allowing for minor damage to smaller towns orvillages which could possibly be provided for by warning and repair arrangements,then downwind concern would only extend 240 miles from 50-megaton, or 140 milesfrom 10-megaton, shots. At crosswind or upwind bearings from these yields, therange of possible damage from ozonosphere propagations would be considerablyreduced.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions1. Air blast pressures from Sedan at large distances (100 to 240 miles)

averaged about 20 percent as large as would have been recorded from the sameyield from a free-air burst detonated atthe same time. Specific signal compari-sons showed that this transmission factor varied from 5 to 35 percent.

2. Rocket wind data and the 1962 ARDC Standard Atmosphere temperaturesallowed ray calculated pressure predictions fo r ozonosphere propagations to bemade which generally were verified within a factor of 2. Most observed pressurevalues were predicted to land within 20 miles of the recording stations.

3. Observed pressure patterns from large shots may be more uniform thaneither calculations or scaling from HE calibration shots would indicate. Thismay be a result of long wavelengths smoothing out atmospheric detail effects.

4. Results, scaled to 50 megatons at similar WI/3 scaled burst depth,indicate that minimum window-breaking pressures (4 mb) may propagate to 385 milesdownwind.

Recommendations1. Future large cratering tests should be documented with similar micro-

barograph measurements to gain further statistical information and to ascertainrepeatability of the average transmission factor.

2. A greater number of recordings should be made on each shot to estab-lish whether large yield blast patterns are really more uniform than refractioncalculations and HE data would indicate.

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3. Comparison tests of height-of-burst effects at long range from surface-burst and 15-foot tower-burst 1.2-ton HE shots should be performed in order thatadequate re-evaluation of Stagecoach data may be carried out.

4. Additional measurements should be made in the second sound ring (200to 300 miles) to verify the longer range propagation predictions for damagingwaves from 50-megaton cratering blasts.

5. Rocket temperature measurements should be devised to ascertain whetherdifferences between various standard atmosphere ozonosphere temperatures are realor pertinent to NTS conditions.

6. Close-in blast measurements above cratering bursts should be made toestablish the source of the relatively large amplitude propagations recorded atlong range.

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REFERENCES

1. Vortman, L. J., MacDougall, H. R., et al., Project Stagecoach, 20-Ton HECratering Experiments in Desert Alluvium, Final Report, SC-4595(RR),Sandia Corporation, May 1962. (OTS: $4.00)

2. Vortman, L..J., MacDougall, H. R., et al., Project Buckboard, 20-Ton and1/2-Ton HE Cratering Experiments in Basalt Rock, Final Report, SC-4675(RR),Sandia Corporation, August 1962. (OTS: $4.00)

3. Chabai, A. J., Perret, W. R., Reed, J. W., and Vortman, L. J ., Mechanismsof Crater Formation, Project Scooter, SC-4602(RR), Sandia Corporation,to be published. (U)

4. Sachs, D. C., and Swift, L. M., Underground Explosion Effects, Project1.7, Operation Teapot, WT-1106, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park,California, March 1958. (U)

5. Reed, J. W., Long-Range Air-Blast Measurements and Interpretations,Project Dannyboy, POR-1809, Sandia Corporation/DOD/AEC, July 25, 1962.

6. Microbarograph Evaluation Report, SC-2990(TR), Division 5231, SandiaCorporation, September 18, 1953. (OTS: $1.50)

7. Smith, L. G., The Measurement of Winds Between 100,000 and 300,000 Feetby Use of Chaff Rockets, Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 3, June1960, pp. 296-310.

8. Sissenwine, N., Dubin, M., and Wexler, H., Preliminary Note on th e U.S.Standard Atmosphere, 1962, Bulletin of the Amer. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 43,No . 7, July 1962, pp. 283-287.

9. Broyles, C. D., IBM Problem M. Curves, SCTM 268-56(51), Sandia Corporation,December 1, 1956. (OTS: $1.75)10. Vortman, L. J., and Shreve, J. D., Jr., The Effect of Height of Explosion

on Blast Parameters, SC-3858(TR), Sandia Corporation, June 20, 1956. (U)11. Church, H. W., Height-of-Burst Effects on Long-Range Propagated Blast

Pressures, SC-4687(RR), Sandia Corporation, May 1962. (U)

12. Vortman, L. J., Close-in Air Blast from a Nuclear Event in NT S DesertAlluvium, PNE-211F, Sandia Corporation, to be published.

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TECHNICAL REPORTS SCHEDULED FOR ISSUANCEBY AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN PROJECT SEDAN

AEC REPORTSAGENCY PNE NO. SUBJECT OR TITLE

USPHS Z00F Off-Site Radiation SafetyUSWB Z01F Analysis of Weather and Surface RadiationDataSC 202F Long Range Blast PropagationREECO 203F On-Site Rad-SafeAEC/USBM 204F Structural Survey of Private Mining Opera-tionsFAA 205F Airspace ClosureSC 21 IF Close-In Air Blast From a Nuclear Event inNTS Desert AlluviumLRL-N 2 lZP Scientific PhotoLRL 214P Fallout StudiesLRL 215F Structure ResponseLRL 216P Crater MeasurementsBoeing Z17P Ejecta StudiesLRL 2 18P Radioactive PelletsUSGS 219F Hydrologic Effects, Distance CoefficientsUSGS 221P Infiltration Rates Pre and Post ShotUCLA 224P Influences of a Cratering Device on Close-In

Populations of LizardsUCLA 225P Fallout CharacteristicsPt. I and II

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TECHNICAL REPORTS SCHEDULED FOR ISSUANCEBY AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN PROJECT SEDAN

AGENCY PNE NO. SUBJECT OR TITLEBYU 226P Close-In Effects of a Subsurface NuclearDetonation on Small Mammals and Selected

InvertabratesUCLA ZZ8P Ecological EffectsLRL 231F Rad-Chem AnalysisLRL 232P Yield MeasurementsEGG 233P Timing an d FiringWES 234P Stability of Cratered SlopesLRL Z35F Seismic Velocity Studies

DOD REPORTS

AGENCY PN E NO. SUBJECT OR TITLEUSC-GS 213P "Seismic Effects From a High Yield Nuclear

Cratering Experiment in Desert Alluvium"NRDL 229P "Some Radiochemical an d Physical Measure-

ments of Debris from an Underground NuclearExplosion"

NRDL 230P Naval Aerial Photographic Analysis

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ABBREVIATIONS FOR TECHNICAL AGENCIES

STL Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.SC Sandia Corporation, Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New MexicoUSC&GS U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, San Francisco, CaliforniaLRL Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, CaliforniaLRL-N Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Mercury, NevadaBoeing The Boeing Company, Aero-Space Division, Seattle 24, WashingtonUSGS Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Menlo Park, Calif., and

Vicksburg, MississippiWES USA Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Jackson,MississippiEGG Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada,Santa Barbara, Calif., and Boston, MassachusettsBYU Brigham Young University, Provo, UtahUCLA UCLA School of Medicine, Dept. of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine,Los Angeles, Calif.NRDL Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, Hunters Point, Calif.USPHS U. S. Public Health Service, Las Vegas, NevadaUSWB U. S. Weather Bureau, Las Vegas, NevadaUSBM U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.FAA Federal Aviation Agency, Salt Lake City, UtahREECO Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Co., Las Vegas, Nevada

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SUPPLEMENTARY DOD DISTRIBUTION FOR PROJECT SEDAN

PN E NO. DIST. CAT. PNE NO. DIST. CAT. PN E NO. DIST. CAT.200 26, Z8 214 26 226 42201 2, 26 215 32 228 42202 12 216 14 229 26, 22203 28 217 14 230 100204 32 218 12, 14 231 22205 2 219 14 232 4211 12 221 14 233 2212 92, 100 224 42 234 14213 12, 14 225 26 235 14In addition, one copy of reports 201, 202, 203, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217,

218, 221, 225, 229, 230, 232, 234, and 235 to each of the following:The Rand Corp. Mitre Corp.1700 Main St., Bedford, MassachusettsSanta Monica, CaliforniaAttn: M r. H. Brode General American Transportation Corp.

Mechanics Research Div.U. of Illinois, 7501 N. Natchez Ave.,Civil Engineering Hall Niles 48, IllinoisUrbana, IllinoisAttn: Dr. N. Newmark Attn: M r. T. Morrison; Dr. SchiffmanStanford Research Institute Dr. WhitmanMenlo Park, California Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsAttn: Dr. VaileE. H. Plesset Associates1281 Westwood Blvd.,Los Angeles 24, CaliforniaAttn: Mr. M. Peter