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DISCLAIMERPortions of this document may be illegible inelectronic image products. Images are producedfrom the best available original document.
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. -
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS -PEACEFUL APPLICATIONS
PROJECT GNOMECARLSEAD, NEW MEXICO
OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY REPORT
1961
U. S. Public Health ServiceOff-Site Radiological Saf e t y OrganizationLas Vegas, Pevada
0. R. Placalc, Officer-in-Charge
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FORWARD
The purpose of this report is to.present a summary ofthe off-site radiological safety activities of the U. S.Public Health Service during the Project Gnome operation.
The report is intended to serve as a scurce of informa-tion concerning the procedures followed to protect the publicfrom ionizing radiation and the results obtained. It is hopedthat the information and data contained will be of value inplanning for similar future projects.
It is neither possible nor desirable to include inthis report all of the individual data collected by theU. S. Public Health Service; however, in the event moredetailed information is desired, it may be obtained from theoffice of the PHS Off-Site Activities, P. 0. Box 1676,L a s Vegas, Nevada.
Every effort has been made to eliminate errors; how-ever, if any anomalies are detected, it would be appreciatedif they would be called to our attention for verification.
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I N D E X- - - - -Page-
CHAPTER I - OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . 1CHAPTIGR I1 - COLLECTION OF DATA . . . . . . . . 3
A, AERIAL MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . 4Map - Cloud Pattern As Found By Aerial
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . 68. MOBILE MONITORING. . . . . . . . . . 7
Map - Roads Monitored . . . . . . . . 9Table I - Monitoring Results
Carlsbad-Artesia-Roswell Area . . . 10Highway 128 Area . . . . . . . 13Highway 62/180 Area . . . . . . 19Hudson Farm Area . . . . . . . 22Illinois Camp Area . . . . . . 24IMCC Mine Area . . . . . . . 26
C. FOlXSHMINESURVEYS. . . , . . . . 28Table I1 - Mine Survey Monitoring Results
Duval Mining Company - Shafts 1 & 2 . 30Duval Mining Company - Shafts 3 & 4 . 30Natianal Potash Mine . . . . . . 33Potash Company of America . . . . 34Southwest Mine . . . . . 34U. S. Borax #I . . , . . . . 35U. S. Borax #1 , . . . , . . . 36IMCC Mine. e . e . . . . . . 3 1U. S. Borax #3 . . . . . . . . 3 7
D. AIR SAMPLING . . . . . . . , . . 38Map - Air Sampling Stations . . . . . . 40Table I11 - Isotopic Air Sample Activity Col-
lected on Activated CharcoalCartridges . . . . . . 41- ii-
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.
Page.Table IV .Gross Beta Air Sample Data
Artesia . . . . . . . . . .Carlsbad . . . . . . . . . .Carlsbad Caverns . . . . . . .El Pas0 Natural Gas.. Pecos RiverStation . . . . . . . . . .IMCC Shaft #3 . . . . . . . .IMCC Shaft # 4 . . . . . . . .Jal. . . . . . . . . . . .Loco Hills . . . . . . . . .Loving. . . . . . . . . . .Lovington . . . . . . . . .Malaga School . . . . . . . .Red Bluff . . . . . . . . .Roswell . . . . . . . . . .San Simon. . . . . . . . . .Transwestern Pipeline Company . . .U. S. Borax Mine . . . . . . .
Hobbs . .
4446474849505152545657596163646668
Graphs .December Air ActivityArtesia-Carlsbad . . . . . . . 69Carlsbad Caverns.. EPNG Pumping Station 70Hobbs.Ja1 . . . . . . . .L e . 71IMCC Shafts Nos. 3 and 4. . . . . 72Loco Hills-Loving . . . . . . . 73Lovington-Malaga School . . . . . 74Red Bluff Lodge-Roswell . . . . . 75San Simon Ranch-Transwestern PipelineCompany . . . . . . . . . . 76U . S. Borax Mine . . . . . . . 77
E. MILX SAMPLING . 78Map .Milk Sampling Stations . . . . . . 79Table V .Milk Sample Data . . . . . . 80
-iii-
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INDEX - CONTINUED
F . WATER SAMPLING. 81Map - Water Sampling Stations. . . . . . 82Table VI - Water Sample Data . . . . . 83
G. GAMhlA SPECTROSCOW RESULTS ON S O I L ANDVEGETATION SAMPLES . 85
CHAPTER 111 - LABORATORY CONTROL. . . . ., . . . 86CHAPTER IV - EMERGENCY hfIUSURES . . . . . 87CHAPTER V - MEDICAL SERVICES . . . . e . . . . . 88CHAPTER VI - VETERINARY ACTIVITIES . . e . . . . 89
Table VI1 - Cattle Samples - Pre-Shot . . . 90Table VI11 - Cattle Samples - Post-Shot e . 91
CHAPTER VI1 - DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . 92Graph - Net Gamma Monitoring Results--Graph - Net Gamma Monitoring Results--
Highways 128 and 31 Area . , . . . . 93IMCC Mine Area. . . . . . . . . . 94
Graph - Net Gamma Monitoring Results--Hudson Ranch Vicinity . . . . . . . 95
CHAPTER VI11 - CONCLUSION e . . . . . . . . . . 96
-iv-
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CHAPTER I
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
The U. S. Public Health Service Off-Site RadiologicalSafety Organization of the Office of Field Operations, AEC, incooperation with other agencies charged with related publicsafety activities, was responsible t o the Test Manager for theestablishment of a program to provide complete documentation ofany radiation exposure to the off-site population resulting fromthe Gnome operation. This included the establishment of a pro-cedure for taking appropriate action to limit exposure to thosevalues established by the Atomic Energy Commission which wasconsidered as a safe criteria for Project Gnome. These criteriawere outlined in Chapter 0524, SOP-PGO, and Federal RadiationCouncil Reports Nos. 1 and 2.
Operational procedures of the U. S. Public Health Serviceto protect public exposure to ionizing radiation were based on theassumption that radioactivity could vent to the atmosphere fromthe nuclear detonation of Project Gnome.
Using this assumption, it was necessary to inform the com-munities in the Gnome-site vicinity of this possibility so thatthe necessary radioactivity detection and environmental samplingdevices could be used in all populated areas without undue alarmof the people. Information was disseminated by meeting withcivic groups and explaining the safety precautions t h a t werenecessary during events such as Project Gnome,, In all instances,these meetings were coordinated with similar activities performedby the office of the Support Director--Project Gnome, AEC.these public appearances and by thoroughly explaining the operationsfor the safeguard of public health t o as many people as possible inadvance of the Gnome detonation, it was felt that the people inthe vicinity were confident that every practical precaution wasbeing used to assure their safety.the few complaints received when it was learned publicly thatradioactivity had escaped after the detonation.
By
This fact was borne out by
The off-site,area defined as the responsibility of theU. S. Public Health Service by a Memorandum of Understandingbetween the Public Health Service and the Atomic Energy Commissionwas the area extending from five miles to fifty miles from Ground
-1-
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Zero, including all mines operating in this area. To fulfill thisresponsibility, trained USPHS personnel assigned to the Las VegasOffice of Field Operations were utilized to document the event andtake the necessary actions for public safety of the off-site areaduring the operation.Officers who had experience in monitoring were called to activeduty and public health representatives of the New Mexico HealthDepartment, who carry out normal public health activities in thearea, gave valuable assistance in fulfilling public health respon-sibilities of this project.
In addition to this group, PHS Reserve
The U. S. Weather Bureau at the Control Point furnishedpredicted cloud trajectory maps and meteorological informationwhich was used to direct monitoring teams prior to and during theoperation,.
The U. S. Geological Survey supplied assistance concerningthe water bearing strata in the Gnome vicinity. This information,along with data received from s t u d i e s conducted by the USCS inprevious years, was used to direct the water surveillance program.
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-3-CHAPTER I1
COLLECTION OF DATA
' As outlined in the Off-Site Radiological Safety Plan forProject Gnome, dated November 27, 1961, the basic objectives ofthis program were:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6 ,
7 .
8 .
9,10.
Conduct necessary public information activities insurrounding communities to maintain public confidencein the safe conduct of the operation.Determine the extent of airborne, surface, and sub-surface radioactivity resulting from the operation.Maintain a comprehensive record of radioactivityassuciated with the operation, including negativedata.Conduct evaluations and effect necessary emergencymeasures should an unacceptable situation develop.Investigate incidents and conditions that mightpossibly be attributed to the operation.Distribute film badges in locations around the projectto record possible exposure to radiation.Provide mobile monitoring teams in selected populatedplaces relatively near the operation site,Locate air sampling equipment and continuous recordersand secure local personnel for operation of the samplingstat ions.Participate actively in pre- and post-mine surveys.Insure continuing protection of the public health.
To carry out these objectives and secure the facts and data,it was necessary to perform many operations concurrently andutilize equipment and personnel to the best advantage in the opera-tion,
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A. A e r i a l Monitor ingAn A i r Force H-21 h e li c o p te r and crew were made avail-
a b l e t o a P u b l i c He a l th S e r v i c e monitor f o r cl ou d t r a c k i n g ,A l l r e a d i n g s r e p o r t e d a re g ro ss gamma as measured i n s i d et h e a i r c r a f t , A i r c r a f t a t t en u a t io n w a s not de te rmined, buti s pr oba b ly in th e ra nge of 30% t o 50% depending on thep o s i t i o n of t h e h e l i c o p te r r e l a t i v e t o th e cloud. Thep r i n c i p l e i n s t r u m e n t u s e d was an EG&G a e r i a l m o ni t or w i tha range of 2 m r/hr t o 2 R/hr. Als o used was an EberlineE-500b survey meter.
The f o l lowing i s a summary of t h e f i n d i n g s . A mapshowing t h e measured c loud pa t te rn and t i m e s of measurementi s inc luded i n t h i s r e p o r t . The imposed c e i l i n g on t h eh e l i c o p t e r d i d n o t p e r mi t f l y i n g o ve r t h e cloud and as i twas not c o n si d e re d a d v i s a b l e t o f l y t h r ou gh t h e c l o u d , i twas no t po ss i b le t o me asur e c loud wid th f o r t h e f i r s t t e nm i l e s .
A t 1222 hour s , t h e l e a d ing e dge of t h e cloud measuredi n excess of 2 R/hr o ver In di an W e l l a t 4000' mean se al e v e l , f o u r m i l e s from Gnome on a be a r ing o f 310O.t h e jun c t i on o f R ou te s 128 and 31, 9.5 m i l e s from t h es h a f t on a be a r ing o f 305O, t h e w e s t edge of t h e c loudmeasured 150 mr/hr a t 1 24 5 h o ur s . F i v e m i nu t es l a t e r a tt h i s l o c a t i o n , t h e r ea d i ng was 450 mr/hr.
Over
A t 1306 hour s, th e c loud extended from t h i s j u n c t i o nt o t h e IMCC Mine. A t t h e m ine, t h e dose r a t e a t approxi-mately 1000' above ground l e v e l was 50 mr/hr. One-halfm i l e southwest i t was 1 R/hr and a t th e mid-poin t a maximumof 2 R/hr was found. By 1320 hour s , t h e l e a d i ng edge oft h e c lo u d was 17 miles from Gnome on a bearing of 320.peak reading on a q u a r t e r m i l e wide f r o n t was 450 mr/hr . The
A t 1408 hour s , t h e west edge of the c loud was 3 mileswest o f Hudson Farm and t h e eas t edge w a s 2 m i l e s e a s t o fHudson Farm. The peak re ad in g one -hal f m i l e n o r t h of t h efa rm a t 4300' mean s e a l e v e l w a s 430 mr/hr. The clo ud wasfound t o center on a be a r ing of 3200 30 m i l e s from GroundZero a t 1433 hours , wi th a h igh r e a d ing a t t h e center of300 mr/hr. Cloud wi dth a t t h i s t i m e was f i v e m i l e s . A t1440 hours , t h e west edge of t he c loud w a s f o u r m i l e s n o r t ho f the east edge of Lake McMillan.
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-5-
Cloud w i d t h a t 1451 hours was 10 miles, extending f romf o u r miles s o u t h of A r t e s i a t o t h e j u n c t i o n of Highways360 and 83 w i t h a peak reading of 100 mr/hr. A t 1506 hour s ,t h e cloud extended from A r t e s i a t o t e n m i l e s e a s t w i t h apeak reading of 90 mr/hr.
The f i n a l rea di ng was made a t 1517 hours. A t t h i s t i m e ,t h e c loud f ront was 7.5 miles w i d e w i t h t h e w e s t edge fivemiles nor thwe s t of A r t e s i a . The peak rea di ng was 70 mr/hr.
Low f ue l c a use d t h e c a n c e l l a t i o n o f the m i s s i o n a tth i s t i m e .
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-6-
.ROSWELL I
IDMc DONALD
JAMES RANCH
1200 TIME O F MEASUREMENT ( HOURS)mr MAXIMUM READING FO U N DSCALE : I " = 12 M I L E S C L O U D P A T T E R N A S FOUNDBY AERI AL MONITORING
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-7 -
B. Mobile MonitoringEleven mobile monitoring teams consisting of two men
each, using vehicles equipped with two-way radios andportable monitoring instruments, were in contact with theControl Point continuously, All teams were strategicallylocated off-site in the predicted wind trajectory whichwas verified by aerial monitoring. These teams performedseveral functions in addition to the measurement of radiationlevels with portable instrumentation. The instruments usedwere Eberline E-500b survey meters with a range of 2 R/hr,Beckman MX-5 survey meters with a range of 20 mr/hr, andPrecision Model 111 scintillators with a range of 5 mr/hr.
After predicted cloud trajectory was learned just priorto the detonation, monitoring teams were positioned andcontinuous monitoring radiation detection instruments andair sampling equipment were put into operation.
After it was learned from the aerial monitor thatventing of radioactivity had occurred from the detonation,mobile monitoring was initiated for the detection of radia-tion near ground level. At H+0.63 hours, 0.7 miles eastof the junction of Highways 128 and 31, there was a netgamma reading of 0.3 mr/hr. This mobile unit was moved toa point 1.7 miles east of Highway 30 on Highway 128 whereat H+0.66 hours, activity was found to be 7.99 mr/hr andcontinuously increased to a level of 160 mr/hr at H+0.87hours.
At H+1.09 hours, 3.5 miles west of the CP junctionand 3 . 9 miles east of the junction of Highways 31 and128, the highest mobile gamma reading was recorded at1400 mr/hr. This reading was of very short duration andby H+1.52 hours, in the same vicinity, the activity haddropped to 190 mr/hr. This location was identified byground monitoring as the point of highest activity of cloudpassage over Highway 128. By H+2.9 hours, the activitylevel in this location was 95 mr/hr. There were fluctua-tions of readings in this area during the cloud passage,with a return to background at approximately H+10.5 - H+11hours.
The cloud was next detected at the junction of Highway31 and the IMCC Mine at H+0.87 hours with a reading of 1.5mr/hr. Activity increased in this location until H+l when
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-8-
a maximum reading of 35 mr/hr was recorded. Activity inthis area fluctuated during cloud passage until approxi-mately H+2 hours when readings approached background.
In order to determine the cloud width and if anyactivity passed over the Carlsbad area, considerable moni-toring was done along Highway 62/180 northeast of Carlsbad.On this highway, the maximum activity recorded was 95 mr/hrin an area eleven miles northeast of Carlsbad at H+2.02.The cloud width along this highway was approximately 8.4miles wide, extending from about 9 miles northeast ofCarlsbad to a point 17.4 miles northeast. Activity at thecenter of cloud passage was approaching background atapproximately H+5 hours with fluctuations in readings.
A monitoring team was stationed at the Hudson Farmlocated near Highway 62/180 approximately ten miles north-east of Carlsbad. Activity in this area was first detectedat approximately H+1.72 hours, reaching a maximum of 95 mr/hrat H+2.02 hours, and decreasing to essentially backgroundat approximately H+5.25 hours.
Mobile ground monitoring was carried out along a l lhighways and populated areas in the path of the cloud andresults documented. For complete monitoring data, seeTable I, "Monitoring Results".
Experimental continuous recorders were employed atthe IMCC Mine, Highway 128 - 5 miles east of Junction31 and 128, CP area, Carlsbad, Getty Oil Lease, Trans-western Pipeline Pumping Station, and the Hudson Farm.Only the recorder at the IMCC Mine performed satisfactorily.
Q
6ib
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-9-
TATUM-McDONALD
L E G E N D \M O N I TO R ED R O A D SUNM0NIN)RED ROADS
@ HIGHWAY NUMBERS R O A D S M O N I T O R E D0.0 VALUES ARE mr/hr-/ P R O J E C T GNOMES C A L E : I" = 12 M I L E S
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-10-TABLE I
MONITORING RESULTSCARISBAD-ARTESXA-ROSWELL AREA
LOCATIONCarlsbad5 miles N Car lsbad, Hwy 28510 miles N Car lsbad, Hwy 28517 m i l e s N Car lsbad, Hwy 28520 m i l e s N Car lsbad, Iiwy 28523 miles N Car lsbad, Hwy 285LakewoodMcMillan Dam5 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 285Artesia7 miles N A r t e s i a , Hw y 28514 miles N A r t e s i a , Hwy 285J u n c t i o n , H w y s 285 and 83, A r t e s i a4 m i l e s E A r t e s i a , Hwy 836 m i l e s E A r t e s i a , Hwy 838 m i l e s E A rt es ia , Hwy 8310 miles E A r t e s i a , Hwy 8314 m i l e s E A r t e s i a , Hwy 8315 miles E A r t e s i a , Hwy 8318 miles E A r t e s i a , Hwy 8321 m i l e s E A r t e s i a , Hw y 8325 m i l e s E A r t e s i a , Hwy 83Loco H i l l sMal jamarJ u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 17217 miles W J u n c t i o n of H w y s 31 and 172, o n Hwy 3 118 miles W J u n c t i o n of Hwys 31 and 172, on Hwy 3124 miles W J u n c t i o n of H w y s 31 and 172, on Hwy 3128 miles W J u n c t i o n of H w y s 31 and 172, on Hwy 3131 m i l e s W J u n c t i o n of H w y s 31 and 172, on Hwy 3 1HagermanDexterHagerman10 m i l e s N Hagerman, Hwy 2857 m i l e s S Roswell , Hw y 285RoswellRoswell* Normal Background - .02 t o .03 mr/ h r
TIME(HOURS)H-PLUS2.873.003.163.253.333.423.583.664.504.755.335.505.755.926.006.176.256.58(3.666.756.927.007.177.507.838.258.338.508.758.809.009.589.759.90
10.0010.1710.33
NET MR/HR
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-1 1-Monitoring Re su l t sGARLSBAD-ARTESIA-ROSWELL AREA - CONTINUEDU)CATION5 m i l e s W of Roswell , Hwys 380 and 7015 m i l e s W of Roswell, Iiwys 380 and 7019 miles VJ Roswell , Hwys 380 and 70DexterHagermanL ak e Ar t h u rA r t e s i a6 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28513 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28516 miles S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28517 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 2852 m i l e s S A r te s i a , Hwy 285A r t e s i a17 m i l e s N A r t e s i a , Hw y 285Lake A r t h u rHagermanDexterRoswell5 miles W Roswell, H w y s 70 and 380Walker A i r Force BaseA r t e s i a5 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28511 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28512 miles S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28513 miles S Ar tes i a , Hwy 2851 4 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28515 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28516 miles S A r t e s i a , Hwy 28517 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28518 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28519 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 28520 m i l e s S A r t e s i a , Hw y 285A r t e s i aLake McMillanJ u n c t i o n , H w y s 285 and 180, CarlsbadAE C Of fic e , Car l sbad (Background rec orde r a t
t h i s l oc at io n showed background from H+O t oH+45 hours)10 m i l e s N Carlsbad , Hwy 285J u n c t i o n , H w y s 285 and 137, N Carlsbad1/2 m i l e W on Hw y 137 fromHwy 2851.5 miles W on Hw y 137 from Hw y 285
TIME(HOURS)H-PUIS
10.4010.6610.7511.9012.0012.1712.5012.7512.8312.9212.978.508.558.665.758.929.20
10.2510.6612.0012.7512.8313.0913.1113.1213.1213.1313.1513.1613.1813.1913.2096.00
100.47
NET MR/HR0.120.25BkgBkgIZkg0.080 070.40.50.5Bkg0.150.20.20.150.150.10.09Bkg0.150.20.20.220.250.190.170.150.07BkgBkgBkgBkgBkgBkg
0.17-2.03 Bkg
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-13-
MONITORING RESULTSHIGHWAY 128 AREA
LOCATIONTIME
(HOURSH-PLUS NET MR/mJunction,0.7 miles1.7 miles
11111111111111
1111111*1 )1111
11Wl*It11111)11111)1111t t
t*
I*1111111t
11111111
11
Hwys 128 and 31E of Hwys 128 and 31E o f Hwys 128 and 3111111111
111111
111111111T11111t111111111111111111111111114111111111111111
1111
0.50-0.580.G60.630.66
0.67-0.720.730.770.780.800.820.830.850.870.8750.580.900.920.930.950.970.981.001.011.03
1.05-1.071.101.121.131.171.181.201.22
1.23-1.251.271.281.301.321.331.351.37
1.08
Bkg0.30.797.999.9915.050.075.0120.0130.0145.0150.0160.0100.050.020.015.09.515.011.07.54.02.51.51.11.22.05.018.035.060.020.04.02.05.060.0130.0100.050.040.08.0
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-14-
Monitoring ResultsHIGHWAY 128 AREA - CONTINUED
LOCATION1.7 miles E of Hwys 128 and 31 - Continued
11 11
11 11*I I 1I 1 I 111 I t11 11I? 1111 I t11 11I t ?I* 1 11.I 1.11 18I* *II 1 11
1
111111 11
I t111111I 11 )
11 1 I1. I*
11I?I tI t
I 1 11I? I 1I 1 II
t t1*I t I 1
1111I 1 I 911I 1 * t
I 1 I*l t
I I 1111
1 )I 1 18
I*18 11**18II 11
I 1
TIME(HOURS)11-PUIS
1.381.431.451.471.481.491.501.521.531.551.571.581.601.621.631.651.701.721.731.751.771.751.801.821.831.851.871.88
' 1.901.921.931.951.971.982.002.032.052.072.082.20
1.40-1.42
2.04
NET MR/HR2.01.01.01.610.050.075.025.04.02.02.03.08.05.04.010.045.020.02.51.50.91.21.10.91.01 . 93.51.50.50.450.40.40.350.40.51.01.51.20.6
0.7
0.30.2
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-15-
Monitoring ResultsHIBIWAY 128 AREA - CONTINUEDLOCATION1.7 miles E of Hwys 128 and 31 - Continued
1 1 11t t 111t I t11 I 1$1 1 1I t I1t t 111* 11I t 1t
t t 1111 I 1
I* 11
1.5 miles E Junction, Hwys 128 and 311.2 miles E Junction, Hwys 128 and 311 mile E Junction, Hwys 128 and 31.5 miles E Junction, Hwys 128 and 31Junction, Hwys 128 and 31.5 miles SW Junction, Hwys 128 and 311 mile SW Junction, Hwys 128 and 311.5 miles SW Junction, Hwys 128 and 312 miles SW Junction, Hwys 128 and 312.5 miles SW Junction, Hwys 128 and 34, at. road blockJunction, Hwys 128 and 312 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 312.5 miles N Junction, Iiwya 128 and 313 miles N Junction, Hwys 125 and 313.5 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 314 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 314.5 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 315.5 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 316 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 31Entrance to IMCC Mine7 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 317.5 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 318 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 319 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 3110 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 3112.2 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 3114 miles N Junction, Hwys 128 and 31Junction, Hwys 31 and 62/180
TIME(HOURS)H-PUIS2.232.282.332.422.502.572.652.662.752.772.802.622.552.872.932.972.983.003.103.123.173.254.004.134.204.254.274.284.304.334.384.424.434.504.524.664.704.754.784.834.90
NET MR/HR0.30.30.30.20.130.30.170.10.20.40.50.40.2BkgB k gBkgB k gB k gB k gBkI:B k gBlrgBkg0.151.30.80.81.00.80.80.40.20.10.120.40.40.30.20.120.12
Bkg
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-16-Monitoring ResultsHIGHWAY 128 AREA - CONTINUEDILEATIONJunction, H w y s 31 and 62/1802 miles W on Hwy 180 from Jct H w y s 3 1 and 180CP and Hw y 128.5 miles W CP, Hwy 1281.5 miles W CP, Hwy 1282.3 miles W CP, Hw y 128 (people at roadblock re-3.5 miles W CP, Hw y 1284.5 miles W CP, Hw y 1285.7 miles W CP, Hwy 128 .5.7 miles W CP, Hwy 1285.7 miles W CP, Hwy 1285.7 miles W CP, Hwy 1284.7 miles W CP, Hwy 1283.3 miles W CP, Hwy 1283 . 0 miles W CP, Hwy 1281.1 miles W CP, Hwy 1280.7 miles W CP, Hw y 128Junction, CP and Hwy 128Junction, CP and Hw y 1281.0 miles W CP, Hwy 1282.0 miles \V CP, Hwy 1283.0 miles W CP, Hwy 1284.0 miles W CP, Hwy 1284.5 miles W CP, Hwy 1285.0 miles W CP, Hwy 1286.0 miles W CP, Hwy 1287.0 miles V CP, Hwy 1287.4 miles W CP, Hw y 1284 miles E Junction, H w y s 31 and 128Junction, H w y s 31 and 1281.7 miles E of Junction on Hwy 1282.6,miles E of Junction on Hwy 1281 mile E CP turnoff, Hw y 1284 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/1806.6 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/1807.8 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/18010 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/180CarlsbadJunction, Hw y 128 and CP Road1 mile E on Hwy 128 from CP Road
turned to Gnome CP)
TIMEH-PLUS NET MR/HR(HRS)
4.95 1.45.03 0.350.88 Bke0.91 0.10.95 9.01.00 1100.01.09 1400.01.16 40.01.27 2.01.33 120.01.37 30.01.41 11.01.45 130.01.52 190.01.57 22.01.GO 6.51.63 4.5 .1.67 4.52.61 0.042.68 0.12.75 0.22.82 2.02.87 6 5 . 02.90 95.02.97 30.03.00 0 . 33.05 0.153.08 0.22.22 135.05.72 0.36.05 I. 06.40 45.0
0.00-1.75 Bke5.12 0.165.17 0.075.22 Bkg5.25 Bkg5.28 Bkg10.50 Bkg10.53 Blc r:
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-17-
Moni tor ing R e s u l t sHIGHWAY 128 AREA - CONTINUED
LOCATION3 m i l e s E on Hw y 128 from CP Road4.7 m i l e s E on Hwy 128 from CP Road5.9 miles E on Hwy 128 from CP Road6.9 m i l e s E on IIwy 128 from C P RoadJ u n c t i o n , H w y s 128 and 310.2 m i l e s SW J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hw y 311.0 m i l e s S 1 J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hwy 311.2 miles SW J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 a n I iwy 311.5 m i l e s SW Junc t ion H w y s 128 and 31 o n IIwy 312.5 miles SW J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hw y 313 . 5 m i l e s SW J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hwy 314.5 miles SW J u n c t i o n I f w y s 128 and 31 on Hw y 315.5 miles SV? J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hw y 316.5 m i l e s SW J u n c t i o n N w y s 128 and 31 on Hwy 317.5 m i l e s SIV J u n c t i o n H w y s 128 and 31 on Hwy 31J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 285J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 2854.5 miles W J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 2856.3 m i l e s :V J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 2856.8 m i l e s W J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 2857.2 m i l e s W J u n c t i o n , N w y s 31 and 2857.4 m i l e s W J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 285J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 128J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 128J u n c t i o n , I fWy : j 31 and 1284 . 5 miles E IIwys 31 and 1285.3 miles E J u n c t i o n , I i w y s 31 and 1285.8 miles E J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 1286.2 miles E J u n c t i o n , H w y s 31 and 1287. 0 m i l e s E J u n c t i o n , Hwys 31 and 128J u n c t i o n , I iwy 123 and CP RoadJ u n c t i o n , Hw y 128 and CP Road0.5 m i l e s i'?o f J u n c t i o n , Hw y 128 and CP Road1 m i l e W of J u n c t i o n , IIwy 128 and CP Road2.5 m i l e s W J u n c t i o n , Iiwy 128 and CP Road4 miles W J u n c t i o n , Hwy 128 and CP Road7 miles Vi J u n c t i o n , Hw y 128 and CP RoadJ u n c t i o n , 1Iwys 285 and 31J u n c t i o n , Hwys 31 and 128J u n c t i o n , CP Road and Iiwy 123CP
TIME(HOURS)
H-PLUS NET MR/HR10.60LO. 6510.7311.0011.0711.1211.2511.3011.3511.4211.4511.4811.5111.5511.5811.6013.5013.6613.7013.7313.7513.7713.3014.1221.5021.5821.6521.6621.7021.7321.8026.0826.1326.1526. 2026.2326.3846.8346.7246.9047. 00
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-18-
Moni tor i ng R esu l t sHIGHWAY 128 AREA - CONTINUEDLOCATION
TIME
II-PLUS NE T MR/HR(HOURS)
Ju n c ti o n , IIwy 128 and Snyder Ranch 47.23Snyder Ranch 47.60O i l Dri l l ing Rig , Approx . G m i l e s S of Ground Zero 48.1049.75C P Road and Hwy 128
- AJ u n c t i o n , Hwys 128 and 311 m i l e E Ju n c ti o n , Hwys 128 and 312 m i l e s E Ju nc ti on , Hwys 128 and 313 miles E Junc t i on , Hwys 128 and 31
su. 3350.6850.8551.05
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-19-
MONITORING RESULTSHIGHWAY 62/180 AREA
IX)CATIONCarlsbad DowntownJunction, H w y s 285 and 1805 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/1809.2 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18010.2 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18010.9 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18011.7 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18013.8 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18014.1 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18014.8 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18017.4 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/180, Wayne Cowlen
I t I t
I 1 I?I t 11? I 1111 I?I t t tI t ?II t 1 )I? 11I 1 I tI 1 11
1.5 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/1803 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/1805 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/1807 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/1808.1 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/1809.1 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18010 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/180Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/1807.5 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/18011.6 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/18014.6 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/18017.2 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/18018.8 miles W Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/180Junction, H w y s 62/180 and 285 in Carlsbad2.6 miles E on Hwy 62/180 from Carlsbad3.2 miles E on Hwy 62/180 from Carlsbad3.6 miles E Carlsbad on Hw y 62/1803.6 miles E Carlsbad on Hw y 62/180
TIME(HOURS )H-PLUS NET MR/HR0.00
0.17-2.032.132.272.422.502.552.572.62
Farm 2.722.923.153.333.503.664.004.164.334.505.003.254.804.915.005.085.125.1811.5311.7211.8211.9011.9712.039.789.879.929.9310.00
2.33
* 3.83
3
B k gB k gBkg3.013.065.047.03.51.71.51.00.60 .50.30.30.30.50.50.20.30.30.40.04B kgBkgBk g0 . 0 40.50.09BkE:0.140.90.080.07B k gBkg0 .21 . 03.63.0
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~
-20-
Monitoring ResultsHIGHWAY 62/180 AREA - CONTINUEDLQCATION3.6 miles E Carlsbad on Hw y 62/180 - Continued
I t I t1 1 I*I 1 I tI t 1111 I 1I t 11I t 118 ) ?I
1.4 miles E Carlsbad on Hw y 62/180AEC Office - Carlsbad11 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18012 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18013 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18014 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18015 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/18016.1 milcs NE Car,lsbad, Hwy 62/18017.4 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18018.6 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18020.2 miles NE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/180Hw y 62/180 and Bataam Bridge3.5 miles E of Bataam Bridge on Hw y 62/1804.0 miles E Bataam Bridge, Hwy 62/1804.3 miles E Malaco Station0.7 milos E Malaco Station1.7 miles E Malaco Station2.7 miles E Malaco Station3.5 Riles E Malaco Station1.7 miles E Malaco Station3.7 miles E Malaco Station3.0 miles E Malaco Station3.4 miles E Malaco Station8.3 miles E Malaco StationJunction, H w y s 31 and G2/180Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/1803.1 miles E of Junction H w y s 31 and 62/1804.5 miles E Junction, I I w y s 31 and 62/1806.4 miles E Junction, H w y s 31 and G2/180Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/180LohgtonHobbs
TIME(HOURS)H-PLUS10.0810.1210.1510.1710.2010.2510.3710.5010.5210.6610.775.255.335.375.425.505.535.635.669.509.589.759.809.879.939.9710.0010.2510.3710.5310.6210.7810.9811.0211.1711.221.1.2821.6618.8319.75
5.58
NET MR/HR3.02.43.03.22.64,03.22.52.3BkgBkg0.190.190.690.24BkgBkBkgBkgB k g3.53.55.02.01.50.90.50.60.90.71.00.50.40.10.070.050.040.041.6B1rgBkg.
_ _
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-22-
MONITORING RESULTSHUDSON FARh! AREA
TIME(HOURS)
H-PLUS10 miles NX Carlsbad, Hwy 62/180
I 1 I tt l 1tI t I*
11 miles NE Carlsbad, Hw y 62/18011 11I t I t
1t
i t1.
t t
I 1
l t(1t lI tI t
II9 1111111I tI 1
Hudson Farm,11( 1t l11I t
11t 11 )t1t t
11t t11
t t
I tI 111
t lt tI 1I?t lI t11I tI?t It t
I tt l
10 miles NE Carlsbad1 )1111I tI t1111t t111 )I t11I t
1.671.721.751.781.801.921.951.961.982.002.022.03
t 2.072.082.112.132.172.182.202.252.272.302.332.372.422.502.552.602.632.662.752.782.832.902.933.003.08
2.15
NET MR/HR0.032.02.09.01.0
80.050.030.050.060.095.080.0040.05.09.09.012.014.011.08.014.038.045.050.040.050.050.045.050.030.030.035.045.030.06.05.08.03.0
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. - -. ..... ........- - -
-23-
Monitoring ResultsHUDSON FARM AREA - CONTINUEDLOCATIONHudson Farm, 10 m i l e s NE Carlsbad - Continued
I t t t11 I tI t *II t I 1I t l lI t I ?I t I?w 11P I I t11 t tI t 11t t I 1
16 miles flE Carlsbad, Hwy 62/180
TIME(HOURS)H-PLUS NET MR/HR
3.153.253.333.423.623.753.87
4.00-4.464.584.835.005.2547.25
45.00-47.00
2.55.02.01.50.81.10.70.30.20.150.150.15BkgBkg
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LOCATION
-24-
MONITORING RESULTSILLINOIS CAMP AREA
TIME(HOURS)H-PLUS NET MR/HRTranswestern Pipeline, Hwy 62/1802 miles W Transwestern Pipeline, Hwy 62/1805 miles W Transwestern Pipeline, Hwy 62/1807 miles W Transwestern Pipeline, Hwy 62/180Junction, Hwys 62/180 and 31** I 1
I*I 1
I,I*
1111
I 1I,I* 11
2.4 miles S Junction,Hwys 62/180 and 313.5 miles S Junction, Hwys 62/180 and 314.4 miles S Junction, Hwys 62/180 and 316.4 miles S Junction, Hwys 62/180 and 317.0 miles S Junction, Hwys 62/180 and 31IMCC Mine on Hwy 312 miles E IMCC Mine, on dirt roadCrawford and London RanchIMCC Mine on Hwy 31Junction, Hwys 31 and 62/180Junction, Hwys 31 and 360Dirt road to Illinois Camp6 miles NW on dirt road to Illinois Camp7.9 miles NW on dirt road to Illinois Camp10.4 miles NW on dirt road to Illinois Camp13.9 miles NW on dirt road to Illinois CampWestern Devco and Yates Brothers Well
I* I,** I*I* I 1
111,11 11
1 mile NW Western DevcoIllinois Camp2 miles SW Illinois Camp
0.200.520.620.680.871.151.171.181.201.271.371.381.501.601.731.771.831.851.932.002.052.172.332.582.782.903.133.183.273.583.723.753.883.974.024.124.234.454.504.58
BkgBkgBkgBkg0.070.20.40.71.52.0
, 3.51.52.00.40.20.20.10.10.060.08BkgBkg0.04B k gBkgBkg0.070.090.150.170.160.40.20.130.090.060.050.090.08
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Monitoring Rcsul t sILLINOIS CAhfP AREA - CONTINUED
-25-
u)cATI ON4 miles SW Illinois Camp4 miles SW Illinois CampG miles SW Illinois Camp14 miles SW Illinois CampOtis, Hwy 285Pecos River BridgeNorth Canal Bridge, Pecos RiverIllinois Camp Road, N1 mile N on Illinois Camp Road6 miles N on Illinois Camp Road7 miles N on Illinois CCmp RoadIllinois Camp Road Ranch HouseIllinois Camp Road Cattle Guard11 miles N on Illinois Camp Road12 miles N on Illinois Camp RoadIllinois Camp Road Phillips Pet.Illinois Camp Road Water TowerS Illinois Camp Road1 milo 3 Illinois Camp Road3.3 miles S Illinois Camp Road5.5 miles S Illinois Camp Road8.6 miles S Illinois Camp Road Ranch House5 miles S Illinois Camp Road Ranch House10.5 miles S Illinois Camp Road Ranch House
TIME(HOURS)1-PLUS4.664.704.804.971.131.332.833.173.273.523.603.663.733.803.834.134.334.604 . 7 34.904.985.085.355.55
NET MR/HR0.07BkgBkgBkgBkgBkgBkgBkg0.010.090.280.680.682.00.580.130.280.080.020.01Bkg0.04Bk 6Bkg
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-26-
MONITORING RESULTSIMCC MINE AREA
LOCATIONJunction,
111Itt
I t
t l
1111tt
111t1111I ?1111*Il**l1*l*l*11*e11l t
11**I t11111tt *
1 )11t l
I 1
1 )*l
Hwy 31 and11IMCC MineI tt t
11t?I t11f l
1111t *11I 1*It f11t lI t
111 )11(11111t t
11I tt l
? I11t l11I t1tl t
V I
11
f
11
TIME(HOURS)H-PLUS0.16-0.50.780.870.880.900.920.950.970.981.001.071.121.151.201.221.231.251.261.271.451.551.752.002.302.402.753.503.703.753.924.004.204.83
5.30-5.755.956.256.676.876.90
Q
NET NIR/HRBk g0.021.53.05.010.012.015.017.035.011.05.03.08.012.015.020.030.020.00.70.280.080.040.040.01Bkg0.280..480.580.680.680.380.58Bkg0.180.090.040.140.23
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-27-
Monitoring ResultsIMCC MINE AREA - CONTINWDU)CATIONJunction, Hwy 31 and IMCC Mine - Continued
I t *ee* *I** *I** ?t** l*** * t* t **I* **
1.0 miles S IMCC Mine on Hw y 311.4 miles S IMCC Mine on Hwy 311.5 miles S IMCC Mine on Hw y 311.7 miles S IMCC Mine on Hwy 312.0 miles S IMCC Mine on Hw y 312.5 miles S IMCC Mine on Hwy 313.0 miles S IMCC Mine on Hw y 314.0 miles S IMCC Mine on Hwy 314.5 miles S IMCC Mine on Hw y 31Junction, H w y s 31 and 1280.5 miles SW Junction, H w y s 31 and 128Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/180Junction, H w y s 31 and 62/1806.0 miles S on Hwy 319.2 miles S on Hwy 3112.6 miles S on Hw y 3113.9 miles S on Hwy 3114.4 miles S on lIwy 31Junction, H w y s 31 and 128Junction, IMCC and Hw y 31IMCC MineJunction, IMCC and Hw y 318.5 miles N of IMCC and Hw y 31
TIME(HOURS)
H-PLUS6.927.087.137.418.008.118.28
8.42-9.0010.7510.7810.8010.8510.8810.9110.9511.0011.0311.0811.1211.174.785.255.335.435.555.625.655.7221.7522.2522.4722.oo
NET MR/HR0.330.490.290.130.050.150.02BkgBkg0.021 .00.120.230.230.140.140.140.531.22.50.10.20.20.21.92.09.00.31.00.30.60.2
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C.
-28-
Potash Mine SurveysThe function of the U. S. Public Health Service in
regard to mine inspections was to determine the existing workiqgconditions prior to the Gnome experiment, particularly fromthe standpoint of radiation exposure and to establish back-ground radiation levels in each of the eight mines of thepotash industry. After these facts were established, apost-shot survey of the mines would indicate any increaseof radiation after the detonation. 1
Under the supervision of a representative of the U. S.Bureau of Mines, eight survey teams were formed consistingof a member from each of the following agencies:
U. S. Atomic Energy CommissionU. S. Geological SurveyNew Mexico Mine Inspection DepartmentRepresentative of the potash mine industryU. S. Public Health Service
Since radiation exposure to miners working undergroundwas of primary importance to the Public Health Service, thesurvey team members representing the Public Health Servicewere equipped with Precision Model 111 Scintillators forgamma detection, and Beckman MX-5 beta-gamma survey instru-ments, to document radiation levels in the mines, Theseinstruments, when used concurrently, were considered adequateto give a reasonable degree of accuracy for portable instru-ments in measuring the gamma and beta activity up to 20 mr/hr.Samples of the ore from the mines were collected during thesurvey so that more extensive analysis could be made in theevent this would be necessary.
On December 7 and 8 , 1961, a Public Health Servicerepresentative accompanied each mine survey team on a pre-detonation inspection of the mines.
Mines that are located within a thirty mile radius fromGround Zero which were inspected are listed below:
1. Southwest Mine2. International Minerals and Chemicals Corporation3. Potash of America4. Duval #1 and #2
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5. Duval #3 and #46 . U. S. Borax #17. U. S. Borax #28 . National Potash Mines
In each mine, gamma and beta-gamma readings of radio-activity were made and documented for a l l areas of the mineworkings covered by the survey teams.
A summary of the data recorded during the pre-detonationsurveys revealed that the radioactivity in the mines wasless than or equivalent to 0.02 - 0.03 mr/hr background radia-tion determined for aboveground levels.
On December,lO, 1961, the same representative of thePublic Health Service, using the same instruments that wereused on the pre-detonation survey, was stationed at eachmine until after the Gnome detonation, and then accompaniedthe survey teams during the post-detonation inspection.
Radiation level readings were again taken in the samelocations as during the pre-detonation surveys.of this survey indicated that readings remained essentiallythe same as the previous readings within the tolerance ofthe instruments used.
Reports
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WCATIONCODE NO,
-30-
TABLG I1MINE SURVEY MONITORING RESULTS
DUVAL MINING COMPANY - SHAFTS 1 & 2
LOCATION6N, Station 3866N, Station 45757 SlantRoom 8, 19E20Mech. ShopBottom #1 ShaftBottom #2 ShaftSurface Shaft # 2Surface Shaft #2
PRE-SHOTGROSSDATE MR/HR DATE- - 712/7 0.03 12/10
0.030.020,030.020.020.01--
DUVAL MINING CONIPANY - SHAFTS 3 & 4Top of Shaft #3 12/7 0.02 12/10Bottom of Shaft #3B-4 at A 23B-10 a t 4 5 1B-15 at a 7825 feet past B-161 left, BT-16, 87 feet1 left, BT-16, 97 feetBT-16 North off 1-1. atBT-16 North off 2-L atBT-15, 3 Left at Inter-100 ft from IntersectionIntersection 15 and 3R14-5 at 90 ft from 3RIntersection 10-S and 3RBench at D o o r of Ware-Bottom of Shaft #4Top of Shaft #4
from A 77from A 77
#A 77intersectionsect ionoff 15-2R
house
0.020.020.010.020.020.01-
0.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02
POST-SHOTTIME GROSS(HRS. 1
125513001320133012351230122512151350
121812351300130313041305-
13101312131713151317131913221333134212301220
MR/HR0.020.020.020.020.010.020.010.010.01
0.020,020.030.010.020.02-
0.030.030.020.020.010.010.030.020.020.030.01
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LOCATIONCODE NO.
319.4318.51
329.1
717273
76
7778
-
-31-MINE SURVEY MONITORING RESULTS
IMCC MINE
PRE-SHOTGROSSDATELOCATION
Shaft No. 1 (enroute) 12/8No, 1 Dump, 900'Shaft No. 1 (entry) 850'Interior of IMCC OfficeShaft No. 2 Collar(Underground) Shaft No.Monitored out 5 East toBT-22 (Panel l o ) , Down 22to Room 15, East on 15 toBT-32, South on BT-32 toRm 47, East on Room 47 toBT-67, Down BT-67 to Room124, arriving at 71 at1425 hoursPanel 10, BT-69, R. 12 4BT-70, R. 133BT-71, R. 133Monitored from R. 133 andBT-64 north to Room 47,West to BT-32, North toRoom 16, West to BT-24Room 15, BT-24Monitored North fromBT-24 to R. 7 , West onR. 7 to BT-22, North on22 to 5 East, West toNo. 2 ShaftShaft No. 2, Blower ExhaustMonitored outside rimShaft No. 2 (entry) 900'Shaft No. 2 (entry) 850'Monitored 'from No. 2 North,North to Room 39, West to10 North, North to R. 40,West to BT-3, Raise 17Raise 17BT-14, R. 18Shaft No. 2 (top) surfaceShaft No. 1 (top) surface
-
2 Entry
of exhaust
MR/HR0.010.01
----
-0.010.020.03
---0.02-
0.020.01--
DATE12/10-
POST-SHOTTIMEWRS. 11210
12501350
14251430
1500
15051510
153015451555
GROSSMR/HR0.01-0.03
0.020.025.00.040.02
0.01-0.040.010.020.02
0.01-0.030.02
0.01-0.030.01
0.02-0,030.020.01
0.01-0.030.010.020.400.80
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-32-
IMCC MINE - CONTINUEDLQCATIONCODE NO.
349 y 7349.8618599
. .62636465
6667 .6968707475
349.10
PRE-SHOTGROSSDATE MR/HR- -LOCATION.Hallway at IMCC Office 12/8 -shaft NO. 4 (top) surface -By Shaft No. 4 Collar -
ground--next to cage -ings circling cage -face ceiling cage -trap station -
Repair Shop 0.01Machine Shop -Switch 64, Panel lOOE 0.025 South Entry -(IMCC Dosimeter Incation)35E, Crosscut 94 -100 East to R. 26 -BT-12, R. 27, Panel lOOE 0.02'BT-21, R. 29, Panel lOOE 0.01BT-25, R. 25 0.01
Bend 0.02.5 South (enroute) -Shaft No. 3 BlowerExhausts -Monitored exhausts -Shaft No. 3, outside airNo. 3 Shaft, 37 West,
Shaft No. 4 (entry) under-5 ft. distance from cagearea, averaged read-3 inches off entry sur-From No. 4 Shaft entrydown corridor to man
R. 26, 100 East, Track
lock 0.02Slant 37, R. 29 0.01
BT-36, R . 11, Panel 62 0.02BT-14, R. 15 0.01Shaft NO. 1, NO. 2 D w p 0.01Panel 10, Belt Line 0.01Panel 10, BT-72, R. 132 0.02Panel 10, BT-74, R. 130 0.02Shaft No. 1 (entry) 900' -Shaft No. 4 (entry) 0.01Shaft No. 4 (top) -. 3" off ground -Shaft No. 4 (top) surface
12/10 1630
1645
17001705
17251730174017451750
1815
1825.18401845
19001930
GROSSm/HR0.30-0.500.700.900.05
0.020.02
0.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.01-0.040.020.02-0.050.020.030.020.02----0.020.024.004.00
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LOCATIONCODE NO,
12346789101112131415161718192021222324
5
-33-
M I N E SURVEY MONITORING RESULTSNATIONAL POTASH MINES
PRE-SHOTGROSS
DATE-IDCATIONAbove Ground, Lamp
P ickup S t a t i on 12/7Ent rance t o Passenger
E l e v a t o r , #2 S h a f tBottom of Shaft , Landing,
No. 2 S t a t i o nMaintenance OfficeF i r s t N o r t h , 14+40, No.3F i r s t R ig ht , 15+20, N0.5F i r s t R i g h t , 19+20, No.5F i r s t L e f t , 21+60, No.5F i r s t L e f t , 44+00, No.5F i r s t L e f t , 55+20, N 0 . 5F i r s t L e f t , 58+00, No.7F i r s t L e f t , 57+60, No.6F i r s t L e f t , 57+80, No.4F i r s t L e f t , 57+60, No.2F i r s t Lef t , 57+60, No.1F i r s t L e f t , 32+00, No.4E a s t Main, 19+20, No.4F i r s t L e f t N o r t h , 52+80,F i r s t L e f t N o r t h , 53+60,F i r s t L e f t N or th, 53+60,F i r s t L e f t N o r t h , 52+00,E a s t Main, 32+80, No.5No . 1 S h a f t , a t 500 S t nC r us he r S t a t i o n
NO. 7No. 6NO. 5No. 1
MRAiR
0.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.010.020.020.010.01
POST-SHOTTIMEDATE (HRS.)-12/10 1202
12181230123512421245125012561300130513101310131513171323133014351405140714081412143515051450
GROSSMR/HR
0.010.010.010.020.010.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.010.010.020.020.020.010.01
0.01
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-34-
MINE SURVEY MONITORING RESULTSPOTASH m N Y OF AMERICA
IDCATIONCODE NO.
1234567891011121314
PRE-SHOTGROSSDATE
S h i f t e r s O f f i ce 12/8SW A i r Course Dog U gMain S. o f f SW 15S. S h a f t - I n t a k e A i rApprox. 500 N of S
S h a f t i n Main2 E a t Main Shop TurnoffOld #2 Shop ( 2 E )
IDGATION -
SOUTHWEST M I N ETop of S ha f t #2 (ex-
haus t a i r ) 12/7B o t t o m o f S h a f t #2( e x h a u s t a i r )B o t t o m of S ha f t #1( i n t a k e a i r )
Main East , J c t IONMain 40 East MouthMain 40 E a s t , E n t r y#35, Break #43Main 40 E as t , E n t r y #36
No. 1 S ou th , En t r y#49F, Break #13No . 1 South, Mouth of
TunnelE a s t #29, E n t r y #9E a s t #31, Jc t . , NorthNorth #2, Nor th Entry ,West # 7 , Ent r y #46,West #7, Entry , Break
#2Break #61North
#83
MR/HR0.020.010.010.020.010.020.01
-
0.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.030.020.020.020.020.02
0.02
DATE712/10
12/10
(W.11235133412481254135914151420
1210121612201227125312391245140014161334132713221314
1305
POST-SHOTTIME GROSSMR/m-
0.020.010.020.010.010.020.01
0.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.020.02
0.02
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-35-
M I N E SURVEY MONITORING RESULTSU. S. BORAX - #1
U)CATIONCODE NO. LOCATION6 Level , # 2 S h a f t6 Level, #2 FanI n t e r s e c t i o n 4 West
and 1 SouthS h i f t e r s D e s k # 1 S t n1 North, Water Valve1 North, Breakthru 1 41 North, Breakthru 68YO-YO a t North EndBreakthru 80, 3 North,Shot Ou t for A FrameB r e a k th r u 81 , Room 11Breakthru 88, Room 11Breakthru 89, Room 3Breakthru 84 , 1 North,
C r u s h e r S t a t i o n3 North, Breakthru 72
For Scrubbers
PRE-SHOTGROSS
DATE MR/HR- -12/7 0.01
0.030.020.030.010.010.010.0050.010.010.010.010.0150.01
Pane l 7 West, BreakthruPane l 7 West, BreakthruPanel 7 West, BreakthruPane l 9 West, BreakthruPane l 9 West, BreakthruPanel 9 West, Breakthru
7, Room 15 0.028 , Room 10 0 .022, Room I 0.016 , Room 1 0.016, Room 6 0.018 , Room 3 0.005
Overcas t near 7 Right 0.02
DATE12/10-
POST-SHOTTIME GROSS(HRS.) MR/HR124012451300130513101315132013301340134313461350135514001430143514431448145015001425
0.010.020.0150.020.020.0050.0050.0150.010.010.0150.0050.010.010.020.010.010.020.010.010.01
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LOCATIONCODE NO.
1
678
' 9101112
-36-
MINE SURVEY MONITORING RESULTSu. s. BORAX - #1
PRE-SHOTGROSS
DATE MR/HR- -UXATION#1 Shaft, Top 12/7 0.01#1 Shaft, Main PumpStation 0.01#1 Shaft, 4th Level 0.01
#1 Shaft, 5th Level 0.01#1 Shaft, 6th Level 0.01#1 Shaft, 7th Level 0.016th Level 0.03Transformer Stationnear Bottom Shaft 0.02NE Incline, lOOO',near Fire Shovel 0.03NE Incline, Backdown 0.01NE Incline, Overcast 0.02NE Incline, Overcast 0.02
Room 4 A E 0.0212470 Volt StationNE Entrance 0.021-NE Entry 0.01BT-8, Room 14A 0.02BT-2, Room 1 4 0.021-NE, Room 23 0.011-NE, Room 2?A, Entrance 0.01Room 28, at Rear 0.02%NE, Room 27 0.02Timber 0.02Shop 0.02
POST-SHOTTIME GROSS
DATE (HRS.) ' MR/HR-12/10 0.01
0.010.020.010.010.010.020.020.040.020.010.020.020.010.010.020.010.020.020.020.010.01
-
.. ._..
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ILEATIONCODE NO. LOCATION
-37-
MINE SURVEY MONITORING RESULTSU. S. BORAX - #3
PRE-SHOTGROSSDATE MR/HR#3 S h a f t Entrance 12/7 0.02#3 S h a f t , Pump S t a t i o n 0.005#3 Sh af t , Halfway Po int 0 .01#3 S h a f t , Level 6 0.01
12
736-14-Main4-Main4-Main, BT-94-Main, BT-144-Main, BT-204-Main, BT-254-Main, BT-27
3 BT-26BT-26
4 BT-26, C ur ta inl - N , BT-4l - N , BT-92-N, BT-12
6 BT-26-R7 2-N, Near BT-12
0.010.010.01
I 0.010.010.010.020.010.0150.020.030.010.010.0150.0050.03
DATE (HRS.)12/10
GROSSMR/m0.010.010.0050.010.010.010.010.010.0150.010.020.020.020.010.020.010.010.010.010.03
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-38-
D. Air SamplingThe air sampling program for Project Gnome began about
September 15, 1961, with the establishment of six airsampling stations. It was necessary to begin the samplingof air for radioactivity well in advance of the detonationfor two major reasons--in order to establish the averageconcentration of air particulate radioactivity, daily samplesmust be collected, and after the recent Russian nucleardetonations it was imperative that continuous air samplingbe continued up to the time of the Gnome detonation todetermine changes that may occur in the air radioactivity.
The six sampling stations that were established inSeptember were operated by local people and supplied withthe necessary materials and supervision by the Public HealthService.
Staplex high volume air samplers were used with an8"xlO" glass fiber filter with the sample rate of approxi-mately 50 cubic feet of air per minute. Prior to the Gnomedetonation, each of these air samplers were equipped withan MSA activated charcoal cartridge secondary to the glassfiber filters to-sample radioactive gases. After windtrajectory was predicted by the U. S. Weather Bureau, ad-ditional air samplers were employed in monitoring theradioactivity released from the Gnome detonation. A totalof seventeen air samplers were run in various locationsaround the site within a 100-mile radius for varied lengthsof time.
Glass fiber filters were counted in the proportionalregion for gross beta activity using a large area probeand methane as the counting gas. Gamma-emitting isotopeson the filters composed largely of 1133-Xc133 and Te132-1132were detected on a 400-channel gamma pulse height analyzer.All of the charcoal MSA cartridges were scanned for gamma-emitting isotopes, and 1133 (half-life 20.8 hours) wasdetected in areas of cloud passage.
Only one prefilter was counted on the 400-channelanalyzer. This filter was used on the day of the shot atthe IMCC Mine. The amma activity of this filter was dueto 1133-Xe133 and Tef32-1132.
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-39-
The c h a rc o a l c a r t r i d g e d a t a i s given i n Table 111. Thec a r t r i d g e s which ha ve t h e s h o r t h a l f - l i f e , 20.8 hour 1133,i n t hem in d i ca t i ng a c t i v i t y f rom the Gnome sho t were a tt h e f o l l o w i n g l o c a t i o n s : IMCC Mine, Transwes t e rn P ipe l i neCompany, Red Bluff Lodge, and th e Water Department a t Ca rls bad .
None of t he s amples had l eve l s of ac t i v i t y nea r t he MPCv a l u e s f o r t h e i s o t o p e s i n vo lv ed .
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-40-
4A I R F I L T E R S T A T I O N285 HIGHWAY ROUTE NOS.S C A L E : I " = 12 M I L E S P R O J E C T GNOME
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-41-
T A B U 111ISOTOPIC A I R SAMPLE ACTIVITY
COLLECTED ON ACTIVATED CHARCOAL CARTRIDGES
IDCATIONCOLLECTION
TIMESAMPLE
VOLUME I NCUBIC METERSA r t e s i a
Car1s bad
C ar lsbadWater Dept.
CarlsbadCaverns
E l Paso Nat ' lGas Pump S t n
Harroun Farm
Hobbs
1030 12/11-1030 12/120615 12/10-0935 12/110800 12/11-1300 12/120610 12/10-0930 12/110934 12/11-0930 12/120545 12/10-1010 12/111020 12/11-0920 12/12
IMCC Processing 0600 12/10-P la nt 2245 12/10
IMCC S h a f t No. 0945 12/7-3 0620 12/10
IMCC (Up cas t) 0630 12/10-Shaft No. 3 1410 12/11
0830 12/10-0800 12/110800 12/11-1022 12/121030 12/12-1600 12/120505 12/10-,0740 12/11
1428
1392
1478
13261139
1282978
12171345385
910
925
3270
1570
0.093
ND
0.22
NDTrace
NDND
ND0.06ND
ND
ND
ND
0.25
ND
ND
0.54
NDND
NDND
NDNDND
ND
1 4
ND
2.4
ND
ND
ND
NDND
NDND
mNDND
ND
3.5
ND
ND
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-42-
ISOTOPIC A I R WPLE ACTIVITY - CONTINUEDl.4vc/M3AT TIME OF C O U C T I O NSAMPLEVOLUME I N
CUBIC METERSCOLLECTIONLOCATION TIMEIMCC S h a f t No . 1200 12/7-4 0600 12/10 3142 ND
1.7
NDND
NDND
NDTrace
ND0.38
Trace
NDND
NDND
0.46
ND
18
NDND
NDND
NDND
ND1.8
ND
NDmNDND3.3
ND
ND
NDND
NDND
NDND
NDND
ND
NDND
2300 12/io-1430 12/11IMCC ( i n t a k e )S h a f t No. 4 950
J a l 1210 12/11-1045 12/121045 12/12-1040 12/13
10381138
0538 12/10-0610 12/110625 12/11-0540 12/12
Lovington 950927
Malaga School 0630 12/10-0830 12/110830 12/11-1000 12/12
11051127
Red Bluffw g e
0625 12/10-1050 12/111055 12/11-1030 12/12
1256985
Roswell
San Simon
1712 12/11-1615 12/12 10180440 12/10-0830 12/110830 12/11-
,093 0 12/1213031475
954818
1010
0727 12/10-1820 12/101820 12/10-1100 12/111100 12/11-0945 12/12
TranswesternP i p e l i n e Co. ND
ND
.
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ISOTOPI
-43-
W P L E ACI'IVITY - C0N"IMJH)wc/M3
A T TIME OF COLLECTIONSAMPLE 1131 I 133 I135COtLGCTION VOLUME I NTIME CUBIC METERSW i l l i a m s Farm 1130 12/1O-Loving 1210 12/11 62 9 ND ND ND
0925 12/12 487 0.20 ND ND1220 12/11-
ND = N o t d etec ted
Zr95-Nb95, Ru103, and Ce141&144 which are pr es en t i n the a ir d u e t oRuss ian fa l lout was also found i n smal l qua nt i t ies on some of t h eabove cartridges.
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-44-
TABLE IVGROSS BETA AIR SAMPLE DATA
ARTESIA, N E W MEXICO
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1010 12/1 - 0508 12/20510 12/2 - 1010 12/31015 12/3 - 1100 12/41105 12/4 - 1000 12/51000 12/5 - 0900 12/60900 12/6 - 0910 12/71400 12/7 - 1700 12/70830 12/8 - 1O)O 12/91015 12/9 - 0935 12/100810 12/10 - 1020 12/101030 12/11 - 1030 12/121050 12/12 - 1030 12/131030 12/13 - 1015 12/141025 12/14 - 1000 12/151030 12/15 - 1010 12/161030 12/16 - 1045 12/171045 12/17 - 0945 12/180945 12/18 - 0850 12/190900 12/19 - 0900 12/200915 12/20 - 1000 12/21
TIME OF COUNT1003 12/181006 12/181008 12/181011 12/181013 12/181015 12/181018 12/181020 12/181022 12/181021 12/181259 12/141513 1/21515 1/21518 1/21443 1/21326 1/51428 1/101440 1/21442 1/31444 1/3
A I R VOLUMEM3
218034003070298027202820
38527802930
2521428144514321362148514822619262027542760
A C T I V I T YI.LI.Lchf3
3.112.433.625.287.486.215.528.056.341.6916.96.355.356.856.282.336.279.25
13.97.83
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-45-
ARTESIA, N E W MEXICO - CONTINUEDTIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1000 12/21 - 0915 12/220915 12/22 - 0945 12/231100 12/24 - 1100 12/251100 12/25 - 0900 12/260900 12/26 - 1120 12/271125 12/27 - 0125 12/280125 12/28 - 1010 12/291010 12/29 - 1045 12/30
TIME OF COUNT1446 1/31448 1/31450 1/31452 1/31455 1/31432 1/101434 1/101436 1/10
1045 12/30 - 1005 12/31 1438 1/101010 12/31 - 1015 1/1 1440 1/10
A I R VOLUMEM3
26502730151013451680
9162087148314471473
A C T I V I T YClpcm36.61
14.94.27
27.015.130.112.413.815.88.63
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-46-
CROSS BEI'A A I R SAMPLE DATACARLSBAD, NEW hIEXIC0
TIME A N D DATe OF COLLECTION1500 12/1 - 1030 12/21030 12/2 - 1200 12/31200 12/3 - 1300 12/41300 12/4 - 1300 12/51300 12/5 - 1230 12/61230 12/6 - 0800 12/70800 12/8 - 0800 12/9
\0800 12/9 - 0600 12/100615 12/10 - 0935 12/111400 12/15 - 1230 12/161230 12/16 - 1230 12/171230 12/17 - 0800 12/181600 12/21 - 1930 12/221930 12/22 - 1000 12/241000 12/24 - 1015 12/261015 12/26 - 1200 12/271200 12/27 - 1700 12/281700 12/28 - 1700 12/291700 12/29 - 1230 12/301230 12/30 - 1800 12/311800 12/31 - 0900 1/2
I
TIME OF COUNT1512 12/121514 12/121421 1/21423 1/21425 1/21427 1/21546 1/22254 12/112213 12/111443 1/101445 1/101448 1/101422 1/161424 1/161426 1/161428 1/161430 1/161432 1/161434 1/161451 1/161453 1/16
A I R VOLUMEM320202688259224282455195522442300139211291224
1939287539594839262629082387188928083613
ACT I VI T Yppcm33.882.573.405.081.275.505.509.183.193.842.63
18.49.96
19.516.87.38
10.210.75.957.704.84
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-47-GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATA
CARLSBAD CAVERNS, NEW MEXICO
A I R VOulMETIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION TIME OF COUNT M31556 12/1 - 1555 12/2 0950 12/18 22851558 12/2 - 1605 12/3 0952 12/18 23301606 12/3 - 160.0 12 /4 0955 12/ 18 25301603 12/4 - 1539 12/5 0957 12/18 25141538 12/5 - 1555 12/6 0959 12/18 22701558 12/6 - 1546 12/8 1001 12/18 46001550 12/8 - 1556 12/9 1402 1/16 22301556 12/9 - 0604 12/10 2311 12/11 12850934 12/11 - 0930 12/12 1255 12/14 11390935 12/12 - 0910 12/13 1507 1/2 1105
ACTIVITYCIIlC/M3
3.573.495.025.50
16.4
4.095.19
15.616.1
9.56
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-48-
GROSS BETA AIR SAMPLE DATAEL P A S 0 NATURAL GAS - PECOS RIVER STATION
TIME AND MTE OF COLLECTION1215 12/9 - 0540 12/100545 12/10 - 1010 12/111020 12/11 - 0920 12/121000 12/12 - 1040 12/131050 12/13 - 1050 12/141055 12/14 - 0915 12/150920 12/15 - 0800 12/160800 12/16 - 0800 12/170805 12/17 - 0720 12/180725 12/18 - 0730 12/190730 12/19 - 0725 12/200730 12/20 - 0730 12/210730 12/21 - 0715 12/220720 12/22 - 0815 12/230815 12/23 - 0815 12/240825 12/24 - 0740 12/260745 12/26 - 0745 12/270750 12/27 - 0840 12/280845 12/28 - 0815 12/290820 12/29 - 0825 12/300825 12/30 - 1740 1/1
TIME OF COUNT1150 12/100135 12/121225 12/141526 1/21628 1/101630 1/101633 1/101635 1/101637 1/101324 1/41326 1/41329 1/41251 1/31253 1/31255 1/31257 1/31639 1/10
1611 1/101643 1/101630 1/161138 1/17
AIR VOLUMEM3
17031282
97810252244229621762346227222102420220323002390236546602316
2438231723135207
ACT1 V ITYErPC/M318.82.91
12.08.354.645.854.133.305.83
11.413.710.3
7.4518.021.218.77.25
8.558.848.716.09
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-49-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DAlXHOBBS. NEW MEXICO
TIhlE AN D DATE OF COLLEXTION1430 12/9 - 0500 12/100505 12/10 - 0740 12/110700 12/12 - 0815 12/130820 12/13 - 0830 12/140835 12/14 - 0820 12/150920 12/15 - 0800 12/160805 12/16 - 0720 12/170720 12/17 - 0830 12/180830 12/18 - 0900 12/190930 12/20 - 1300 12/21
TIME OF COUNT0055 12/121234 12/141533 1/21431 1/21434 1/21318 1/51349 1/21351 1/21353 1/21356 1/2
A I R VOulMEM 3
1356910
1082926808675895
212220302800
ACT I VI T YcIW/BI3
9.11.7
. 6.717.964.44.155.. 568.061.841.12
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-50-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAIMCC MINE SHAFT #3
TIM3 AM) MTE OF COLLECTION0630 12/8 - 0930 12/90930 12/9 - 0620 12/100620 12/10 - 1410 12/111415 12/11 - 1000 12/121000 12/12 - 1000 12/131000 12/13 - 1400 12/161405 12/16 - 1155 12/171200 12/17 - 1355 12/181355 12/18 - 1355 12/191355 12/19 - 1200 12/20
TIME OF COUNT0305 12/120945 12/112017 12/111215 12/131528 1/21453 1/21323 1/51406 1/51408 1/51410 1/5
1285990157097511423113970173518962014
2.211.030.08.02.191.61.421.672.6610.7
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-51-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAIMCC MINE SHAFT #4
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION0650 12/8 - 0800 12/90800 12/9 - 0600 12/100600 12/10 - 2245 12/102300 12/10 - 1430 12/111430 12/11 - 1015 12/121015 12/12 - 1015 12/131015 12/13 - 1415 12/161420 12/16 - 1120 12/17
TIME OF COUNT0238 12/121025 12/110930 12/112000 12/112205 12/131440 1/21447 1/21321 1/5
1145 12/17 - 1345 12/18 1358 1/51345 12/18 - 1345 12/19 1401 1/51345 12/19 - 1220 12/20 1403 1/5
A I R VOLUMEM 3
13101085
9259501140130648401090287025622445
ACT1 VITYI.Ll.rc/M3
6.611.0
160.05.8
15.06.65.323.887.7
13.72.56
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-52-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAJ A L , NEW MEXICO
TIME AM) DATE OF COLLeCTION1540 12/9 - 0630 12/100630 12/10 - 1205 12/111210 12/11 - 1045 12/121045 12/12 - 1040 12/131040 12/13 - 1045 12/141045 12/14 - 1045 12/151045 12/15 - 1045 12/161045 12/16 - 1030 12/171030 12/17 - 1030 12/181030 12/18 - 1030 12/191030 12/19 - 1030 12/201030 12/20 - 1030 12/211030 12/21 - 1000 12/221000 12/22 - 1000 12/231000 12/23 - 1030 12/241030 12/24 - 1145 12/251145 12/25 - 1130 12/261130 12/26 - 1100 12/271100 12/27 - 1030 12/281030 12/28 - 1030 12/29
TIME OF COUNT1115 12/100223 12/122237 12/132245 12/131618 1/101620 1/101622 1/101624 1/101626 1/101107 1/31110 1/31112 1/31114 1/31116 1/31118 1/31151 1/31154 1/31156 1/31158 1/31618 1/16
A I R V g M m "M13881103103811382244224422441716214222442244224422002244229023602220220022002244
A C T I V I Pppc/M15.22.216.3312.46.728.231.871.556.7116.25.8510.08.8825.524.029.514.510.312.610.1
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-53-
JAL, N EW MEXICO - CONTINUEDA I R VOUTMG: ACTIVITY
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION TIME OF COUNT M3 CIpc/M31030 12/29 - 1030 12/30 1620 1/16 2244 10 .41030 12/30 - 1030 12/31 1623 1/16 2244 75.01030 12/31 - 1030 1/1 1625 1/16 2244 4.61
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-54-GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATA
W O HILLS, NEW MEXICO
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1500 12/1 - 1500 12/21500 12/2 - 1500 12/31500 12/3 - 1500 12/41500 12/4 - 1500 12/51500 12/5 - 1500 12/61500 12/6 - 1500 12/71500 12/7 - 1500 12/81500 12/8 - 1500 12/91500 12/9 - 1500 12/101500 12/11 - 1500 12/121500 12/12 - 1500 12/131500 12/13 - 1500 12/141500 12/14 - 1500 12/151500 12/15 - 1500 12/161500 12/16 - 1500 12/171500 12/17 - 1500 12/181500 12/18 - 1500 12/191500 12/19 - 1500 12/201500 12/20 - 1500 12/211500 12/21 - 1500 12/22
TIME OF COUNT1540 12/121542 12/121544 12/120927 12/180930 12/18
0932 12/180935 12/120945 12/180948 12/181500 1/21 5 0 0 ' 1/21524 1/2133% 1/21344 1/21341 1/21328 1/21458 1/3'1500 1/31502 1/31504 1/3
c
A I R VOLUMEM3
23872448234624072285248924482407244812241306122412231265114012652387234623462264
A C T I V I T Ypl.lcm3
4.043.587.005.608.646.711.46
11.0. 6.19
14.06.757.137.783.944.226.73
17.511.1
7.2511.0
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-55-
0u)cO H I L L S , NEW MEXICO - CONTINUED
DATE AND TIME OF COLLECTIdN TIME OF COUNT1500 12/23 - 1500 12/24 1451 1/101500 12/24 - 1500 12/25 1453 1/101500 12/25 - 1500 12/26 1455 1/101500 12/26 - 1500 12/27 1457 1/1001500 12/27 - 1500 12/28 1459 1/101500 12/28 - 1500 12/29 1502 1/101500 12/29 - 1500 12/30 1504 1/10
A I R VOLUMEM3
2080220321622183218321422121
ACT1V I TYpl.lc/M327.324.714.110.512.012.210.4
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-56-
GROSS BElX A I R SAMPLE DATA
TIME AM) DATE OF COLLECTION1130 12/10 - 1210 12/110925 12/12 - 0953 12/130955 12/13 - 1225 12/ l41225 12/14 - 1240 12/151240 12/15 - 1255 12/161255 12/16 - 1300 12/171300 12/17 - 1300 12/181300 12/18 - 1250 12/191250 12/19 - 1310 12/201310 12/20 - 1230 12/211230 12/21 - 1305 12/221300 12/22 - 1255 12/231255 12/23 - 1330 12/241330 12/24 - 1300 12/251300 12/25 - 1305 12/261305 12/26 - 1320 12/271320 12/27 - 1330 12/281330 12/28 - 1250 12/291250 12/29 - 1310 12/301310 12/30 - 1330 12/311330 12/31 - 1310 1/1
LOVING, N E W MEXICO
TIME OF COUNT0150 12/121455 1/21535 1/2(D
1723 1/101725 1/101727 1/101730 1/101318 1/31410 1/31412 1/31414 1/31416 1/31418 1/31421 1/31423 1/31732 1/101734 1/10
1736 1/101301 1/171303 1/17
1305 1/17
A I R VOLUMEE63629623
162014841566153515101500155015201650160516501575158815871561156615091509
1468
A C T I V I T Yjlpc/M3
6.3012.510.1611.1
7.106.04
12.419.823.913.114.532.447.044.417.614.715.815.814.512.2
>
8.34
.
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-57-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAXAVINGTQN, NEW MEXICO
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION0730 12/1 - 0745 12/20745 12/2 - 0730 12/30730 12/3 - 0745 12/40745 12/4 - 0730 12/50730 12/5 - 0730 12/60730 12/6 - 0730 12/70730 12/7 - 0730 12/80730 12/8 - 0730 12/90730 12/9 - 0532 12/100625 12/11 - 0540 12/120545 12/12 - 0725 12/130725 12/13 - 0725 12/140720 12/16 - 0630 12/170630 12/17 - 0730 12/180735 12/18 - 0815 12/190815 12/19 - 0730 12/200730 12/20 - 0730 12/210730 12/21 - 0800 12/220800 12/22 - 0800 12/230800 12/23 - 0820 12/24
TIME OF COUNT1546 12/120912 12/180915 12/180917 12/180919 12/180921 12/180923 12/180925 12/180045 12/122250 12/131531 1/21522 1/21508 1/101510 1/101512 1/101514 1/101506 1/31508 1/31510 1/31512 1/3
A I R VOLUMEM3
217020202060202018361428183618361761
927983919787
2231230518772040208020402060
ACT I VI T Yppc/M32.683.545.487.61
10.410.6
1.1210.78.913.378.759.076.417.25
17.38.77.751.29
30.528.2
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-58-
LOVINGTIIN, N E W MEXICO - CONTIMTEDAND DATE OF C O h C T I O N TIME OF COUNT
0820 12/24 - 0700 12/250900 12/25 - 0750 12/260755 12/26 - 0715 12/270720 12/27 - 0800 12/280800 12/28 - 0815 12\290815 12/29 - 0815 12/300815 12/30 - 0730 12/310730 12/31 - 0930 111
1544 1/161546 1/161548 1/161516 1/101518 1/10
1520 1/301551 1/161553 1/16
A I R VOLUME A C T I V I mM 3 Crpc/M32096 24.91843 16.11685 11.81781 16.71855 16.11734 13.31679 13.31989 5.75
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-59-
GROSS BETA AIR SAMPLE DATAMAIAGA SCHOOL, NEW MEXICO
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1300 12/9 - 0630 12/100630 12/10 - 0830 12/110830 12/11 - 1000 12/121005 12/12 - 1100 12/131115 12/13 - 1545 12/141555 12/15 - 1605 12/161610 12/16 - 1600 12/171605 12/17 - 1720 12/181725 12/18 - 1650 12/191655 12/19 - 1735 12/201740 12/20 - 1700 12/211705 12/21 - 1048 12/221050 12/22 - 1720 12/231725 12/23 - 1645 12/241650 12/24 - 1710 12/251715 12/25 - 1720 12/261720 12/26 - 1725 12/271725 12/27 - 1930 12/281935 12/28 - 1850 12/29
TIME OF COUNT0107 12/122050 12/111205 12/141449 1/21537 1/21331 1/111333 1/41336 1/41338 1/41340 1/41343 1/41345 1/41201 1/31204 1/31206 1/31208 1/31210 1/31703 1/101705 1/10
AIR TLUblEM1636110511271145257021082066221021322347222017202770229023602290229025272134
A C T I V I Fcll.lC/Ai11.46.9515.69.657.745.85.0912.615.016.18.7011.623.733.426.514.711.310.913.1
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-60-
MAIAGA SCHOOL, NEW MEXICO - CONTINUED
AND DATE 0F COLLECTIOU TIME OF COUNT1855 12/29 - 1500 12/30 1707 1/101500 12/30 - 1630 12/31 1156 1/171630 12/31 - 2030 1/1 1158 1/17
A I R VgLUME A C T I V I FM LuIC/MI , .1909 9.542340 9.712641 6.12
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-61-
GROSS BEW A I R SAMPLE DATARED BLUFF, TEXAS
TIME AND DATE OF COLLFCTION1305 12/9 - 0620 12/100625 12/10 - 1050 12/111055 12/11 - 1035 12/121335 12/13 - 1330 12/141330 12/14 - 1420 12/151420 12/15 - 1830 12/161835 12/16 - 1700 12/171703 12/17 - 1735 12/181740 12/18 - 1810 12/191815 12/19 - 1745 12/201745 12/20 - 2045 12/212050 12/21 - 1730 12/221733 12/22 - 1610 12/231610 12/23 - 1710 12/241710 12/24 - 1620 12/251620 12/25 - 1720 12/261723 12/26 - 1830 12/271835 12/27 - 1730 12/281735 12/28 - 2000 12/29
TIME OF COUNT1140 12/102200 12/111220 12/141709 1/101711 1/101713 1/101347 1/41349 1/41352 1/41354 1/101300 1/31302 1/31304 1/31306 1/31308 1/31311 1/31715 1/101717 1/101719 1/10
A I R VOLUMEM3165712569852550265930642383266826022519284222302426271524852638273325502941
ACT1 VITYppc/M320.63.8312.35.756,314.253.519.0313.613.48.9514.021.426.122.713,68.729.5510.4
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-62-
RED BLUFF, TEXAS - CONTINUEDTIME AN D DATE OF COLLECTION TIME OF COUNT2005 12/29 - 2100 12/30 1314 1/242103 12/30 - 1750 12/31 1316 1/241755 12/31 - 1830 1/1 1318 1/24
A I R VOLUME ACTIVITYM3 ppc/M32680 8.02261 6.522528 4.8
. -.
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-63-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAROSWELL, NEW lMEXIC0
A I R VG&UME ACTIVITYTIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION TIME OF COUNT M PPC/M31712 12/11 - 1615 12/12 1304 12/14 1018 24. 01625 12/12 - 1618 12/13 1458 1/2 1260 7.1 51624 12/13 - 1607 12/14 1445 1/2 1252 5 .11615 12/14 - 1635 12/15 1457 1/2 1900 2.9
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-64-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATASAN SIMON, NEW MEXICO
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION0800 12/1 - 0800 12120800 12/2 - 0800 12/30800 12/3 - 0900 12/40900 12/4 - 0900 12/50900 12/5 - 0800 12/60800 12/6 - 1600 12/71600 12/7 - 0800 12/80800 12/9 - 1500 12/100440 12/10 - 0830 12/110830 12/11 - 0930 12/120930 12/12 - 0915 12/131435 12/13 - 0800 12/140800 12/14 - 0800 12/150800 12/15 - 0800 12/160800 12/16 - 0800 12/170800 12/17 - 0800 12/180730 12/18 - 0800 12/190800 12/19 - 0800 12/200800 12/20 - 0800 12/21
i
TIME OF COUNT0855 12/180857 12/180859 12/180901 12/180903 12/180906 12/180908 12/180910 12/182120 12/111237 12/14
1520 1/21013 12/221015 12/221017 12/221019 12/221021 12/221405 1/21407 1/21409 1/2
A I R VOLUMEM32509257025152509242328931690258013031475
121217192570255023872224249824482428
ACTIVITYppcIM32.943.084.377.037.208.033.225.462.847.09
7.8511.511.03.956.739.9516.58.448.78
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-65-
SAN SIMON, NEW MEXICO - CONTINUEDTIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION0800 12/21 - 0800 12/220800 12/22 - 0800 12/230800 12/23 - 1400 12/241400 12/24 - 0800 12/250800 12/25 - 1300 12/261300 12/26 - 0830 12/270830 12/27 - 0830 12/280830 12/28 - 0900 12/290900 12/29 - 0830 12/300830 12/30 - 1400 1/1
TIME OF COUNT1412 1/21414 1/21416 1/21418 1/21523 1/101525 1/101527 1/101529 1/101532 1/101534 1/10
AIR VOLUMEM3
2407244829301807276019552387239422975366
ACTIVITYpl.rc/M37.45
23.527.930.616 .010.212.312.8
9.852.25
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-66-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATATRANSWESTERN PI PE LI NE COMPANY
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1640 12/5 - 0815 12/60815 12/6 - 0815 12/70815 12/7 - 0815 12/80815 12/8 - 0815 12/90815 12/9 - 0723 12/100727 12/10 - 1820 12/101100 12/11 - 0945 12/121000 12/12 - 0955 12/131000 12/13 - 1585 12/161535 12/16 - 0815 12/170815 12/17 - 0915 12/180915 12/18 - 0915 12/200915 12/20 - 0915 12/210915 12/21 - 0915 12/220915 12/23 - 0915 12/240915 12/24 - 0915 12/250915 12/25 .. 0915 12/260915 12/26 - 0915 12/270915 12/27 - 0915 12/28
. . . . . . .
TIME OF COUNT1626 12/151628 12/181630 12/181655 12/110020 12/120250 12/121317 12/141509 1/21548 1/21610 1/101613 1/101615 1/101425 1/31428 1/31430 1/31432 1/31434 1/31436 1/31438 1/3
A I R VOLUMEM 3
1388210120802183210016301010108267801416212539982162210121622224218321832183
A C T I V I T Yclclc/M3
6.969.005.12
10.29.941.29
14.79.216.954.807.82
13.810.134.631.231.419.310.814.2
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-67-
TRANSWESTERN PIPELINE COMPANY - CONTINUEDA I R VOLUME
TIME AND M'TE OF COLLGCTION TIME OF COUNT M30915 12/28 - 0915 12/29 1607 1/16 21830915 12/29 - 1100 12/31 1610 1/16 42281100 12/31 - 0915 1/1 1613 1/16 1891
A C T I V I T Yw m 312.110.45.86
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-68-
GROSS BETA A I R SAMPLE DATAU. S. BORAX MINE
TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION1420 12/8 - 1415 12/91420 12/9 - 1410 12/101410 12/10 - 0830 12/120830 12/12 - 0745 12/141245 12/15 - 0830 12/160830 12/16 - 0815 12/170815 12/17 - 0815 12/180820 12/18 - 0825 12/190825 12/21 - 0820 12/220825 12/22 - 1030 12/230825 12/26 - 0850 12/270855 12/27 - 0820 12/280822 12/28 - 1040 12/291040 12/29 - 0823 12/300825 12/30 - 0820 12/31
TIME OF COUNT2400 12/112310 12/131211 12/141542 1/21615 1/101645 1/101649 1/101322 1/41314 1/31316 1/31651 1/101653 1/101655 1/101657 1/101659 1/10
A I R VOLUMEM 369 1689
11501085454596552553550600518518458447406
A C T I V I T YppclM35.63.04.42.371.601.391.462.902.674.884.593.493.003.154.46
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-69-PROJECT GNOMED E C E M B E R J 9 6 1AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
Io-
Io-'
lo-:
Io-'
IO-!
Io-'
IO-;
Io-'
IO" I 2 . -A R T E S IA C A R LSB A D
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Io-'
10-2
IO"
10-4
Io-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
-70-PROJECT GNOMED E C E M B E R , 1 9 6 1AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
CARLSBAD C A V E R N S P N GP U M P I N O S T A T I O N
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-71-P R O J E C T GNOMEDECEMBER, 1961
lo-'
10-2
Io-'
10 -5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
HOBBS J A L
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PROJECT GNOMEDECEMBER, i961AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
10-7
10-9
IMCC SHAFT NO. 3 I M C C S H A F T NO. 4
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LlIJ
Io-
Io-;
lo-:
Io-'
Io-!
IO*
to-:
Io-'
IO-^Grrs
-73-P ROJ E CT GNOMEDE CE MBE R, 1 9 6 1AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
- ~~~ ~ ~ ~I IO 20 30 1- IO 20 301LOCO H I L L S L O V I N G
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-74-PROJECT G N O M ED E C E M B E R , i961AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
lo-'
10-2
10-3
10-4
IO-^
10-7
10-8
10-9
L O V I N G T O N M A L A G A S C H O O L
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-75-PROJECT GNOMEOECE M BE R, I 9 6 1AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
IO"
10-2
Io-!
Io-'
Io-'
IOf
lo-'
Io-'
10-9
RED BLUFF L O D G E R O S W E L L
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to-'
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-7
SAN S I M O N R A N C H P I P E L I N E C Q .
-76-P R O J E C T G N O M ED E C E M B E R , I 9 6 IAIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
T R A N S W E S T E R N
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-77-PROJECT GNOMED E C E M B E R , I 9 6 1
to-'
10-2
10-2
Io-'
IO"
10-6
IO'
10-8
10-9
AIR ACTIVITY (uc/m3)
U S B O R A X M I N E
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-78-
Milk SamplingE.In preparing Por milk sampling in connection with
the Gnome experiment, the same basic factors existed asdid with the air sampling. It was necessary to samplethe milk from dairy cattle that grazed and consumed feedfrom this area to establish a background of radionuclidesnormally ound in the milk, since the background activitycould change rapidly due to fallout from Russian nucleardetonations.
Milk samples were collected as close to the Gnomedetonation time as possible.
Milk samples were taken from eight producer dairiesin the vicinity of the Gnome site, These dairies arelocated in the area of Carlsbad, Loving, Eunice, Lovington,White 's C i ty , and Ar te s ia . Each m i l k sample was analyzedfor gamma and beta emitting fission products commonlyfound in milk. After the Gnome detonation, a resamplingof the same dairies was made during the week of January 15,1962. It was believed that this interval after the Gnomeevent would be the best time to resample in order to detectany increase in the activity in the milk from this experi-ment without too much interference from Russian fallout.Results indicate that no increase of radioactivity wasdetected in the milk supplies from the Gnome event.
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-79-
@ MILK SAMPLING STATIONS
PROJ ECT GNOMES C A L E : I " = 12 MILES
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-80-
TABLE VMIU SAMPLE DATA
~
w c / l A T TIME O F COLLECTION g m s / lDAIRY DATE Ba140-UXXTION COLLECTED P1 ~ 1 4 0~ ~ 1 3 7 ~ r 9 0 ~ r 8 9 K CaBounds Dairymite's C i t yF r i s t o D a i r yEunice
Milk Pa r lo rLoving t onK.O. MonkC a r l sbadKle in DairyCar 1sbadMonrepos aArtes iaRoberson DairyLoving
Smith DairyA r tes ia
12/4/611/17/6212/6/611/12/621/2 2/6 2
12/6/611/17/62
12/4/6112/6/611/20/6212/5/611/20/6210/31/6112/4/611/19/6212/5/611/19/62
c 10e 1 0260e 10
44e 10e 10
e 10e 10c 10e 10e 10e 10C 10e 10
10c 10
29c 20
4620
110e 20e.20
c 20c 20c 20e 20c 20e 20e 20e 20e 20e 20
14c 10
352131
e 10e 10
e 10e 1016
1010102 11410
c 10
l.8%.62 . 2 t l . l6.4%. 95 .6 t1 .47.3f1.4
1.5*0.62.2fl.l
1.4*0.61.3*0.61.Oto.8
1.do.s2.5*0.72.620.91. 6t0. 51.7*0.61.OtO. 61.0*0.9
D e t e c t i o n l i m i t s : 1131 10 pp c / l ; Ba14'-La14', 20 ppc/1;cs133, 10 ppc /l ; SrS9 2 ppc/l
e 2e 2
140t513&715127
9.2*1.812f2.0
42e 2e2e 2e 2C2e 2c 2e 2e2
1.7 1.11.5 1.11.6 1.12.0 1.31.5 1.11.4 1 .01.5 1.2
1.6 1.11.3 1.11.2 1.21 .2 1.01.3 1.21.1 1.31 .7 1.11.6 1.31.4 1.01.6 0.82
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-81-
F. Water Sampling ,Since the Gnome experiment was an underground detonation
with a potential of underground water-bearing strata con-tamination, the sampling of water supplies was consideredan important phase of the off-site radiological surveillanceprogram.
Water supplies, particularly in the vicinity o f theGnome event, were sampled prior to the detonation and againafterwards.activity with the plan that, if the activity in any of thesamples was higher than average or background.for the watersupplies in the area, an isotopic analysis would be performedon the same sample. No significant difference in radio-activity was found in the post-detonation water samples col-lected.
Water samples were analyzed f o r gross radio-
Because of the possibility that radioactivity may enterthe underground water strata over a long period of time,periodic water samples will continue to be taken during theyear 1962 to continue the water surveillance activities inthis area.
The water sampling stations were the Nash Well, Trans-western Pipeline,Well, San Simon Ranch, James Ranch, SnyderRanch, El Paso Natural Gas Pumping Station, RattlesnakeSprings (Carlsbad Caverns), Loving, Carlsbad, Lovington,Hobbs, Malaga, Red Bluff, and Artesia. Other referencewater samples were collected by monitoring teams fo ranalytical data if t h e need arises.
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-82-
W A T E R S A M P L I N G S T A T I O N S
S C A L E : I " = 12 M I L E S P R O J E C T GNOME
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IACATIONCarlsbad
Cleveland Well,Malaga
El Paso Natural GasPumping Station,Pecos River Stn.Gas Co., Trans-Western PipelineHobbs
James Ranch - WellAt House w/Wind-charger
James Ranch - WellAt Old HouseLoving
Pnvington
Nash We1 1
Rattlesnake Spr.Water Supply forCarlsbad CavernsRed Bluff, Texas
-83-
T A B U VIWATER SAMPLE aATA
DATECOLLECTED12/10/6112/20/6112/8/611/15/62
12/8/611/15/6212/6/6112/19/6 112/10/6112/20/61
12/2/6112/20/6 112/2/6112/20/6112/8/6112/22/6112/10/611/4/6212/7/61- 12/20/6112/5/6112/20/6112/8/611/15/62
SAMPLESIZE--Ml500500500250
500250500500500500
500500500500500500500500500500
500500500250
DATECOUNTED1/12/621/11/621/11/623/14/62
1/12/623/14/621/11/621/11/621/11/621/12/62
1/12/621/ 12/6 21/12/621/ 12/621/12/621/11/621/11/621/ 16/621/12/6 21/15/62
1/11/621/11/621/11/623/14/62
p / m l OF GROSS BEWACTIVITY AT TIME OFCOUNT x 10-9
< 1014-4 10-4 10
22131011
< 1014
10151710
c 10c 1013
c 108735
c 10122013
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-81-
WATER SAMPLE DATA - CONTINUEDLOCATION DATE SAMPLE DAmCOLLECTED SIZE--M1 COUNTEDSan Simon Ranch 12/8/61 500 1/15/62
12/20/6 1 500 1/12/62Snyder Ranch Well 12/2/6 1 500 1/12/62
12/20/61 500 1/11/62
Detection limit = 10 w c / m l
p c / m l OF GROSS BETACOUNT x 10-9ACTIVITY AT TIME OF
e 10161223
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-85-
G .
H.
Gamma Spectroscopy Results on Soil and Vegetation SamplesA s o i l sample taken Prom Highway 128 one hour and t h i r t y
m i n u t e s a f t e r t h e s h o t and app rox imate ly f i v e m i l e s west oft h e C P tu rn off was counted on th e 400-channel ana lyz er t e nm in ut es a f t e r c o l l e c t i o n a t which t i m e over 90% of t h e gammaa c t i v i t y was due t oth i r ty - two minutes . A recount of t h e s am pl e a f t e r d ec a y oft h e Cs138 l e f t th e spect rum of Ru103 and Zrg5-Nbg5 which i na l l p r ob a bi l i ty w a s f rom R uss i an f a l l ou t .
Cs138 h a s a h a l f - l i f e of on ly
The gamma spectrum of a vegetat ion Sam l e c o l l e c t e dfrom t h e same l o c a t i o n w a s a l s o t h a t of CsP3'. Howevcr,t h e amma s ectrum of a l a t e r recou nt had th e photopeaksof I Ti33, 1135, 1132, and Zr95-Nb95.
A v e g e t a t i o n s a m p l e c o l l e c t e d o n e m i l e f u r t h e r w e s tof th e above lo ca t i on a l s o had th e same spectrum.Film Badge Program
Monitors conducted a f i l m badge program to g i v e a naccoun t o f accumula ted r a d i a t i o n doses o f f - s i t e . Th reehundred and t h i r t y f i l m badges were p l a c e d o n i n d i v i d u a l sand s t r u c t u r e s w i t h in a one hundred m i l e r a d i u s of t h etes t s i t e . The badges were issued on December 7 , 8 , and 9 ,and l e f t o u t f o r t h i r t y d ay s. Of t h e 330 badges o u t , 285w e r e re turned and of these, s i x f i lm badges recorded ra d ia -t i o n e x po s ur e . R e s u l t s of t h e program ag reed w ith groundmoni tor ing est imates t h a t none of t h e p o p ul a t io n i n t h ePro ject Gnome off -s i t e a re a r e c e i v e d exposures exceedingt h e F edera l R ad i a t i on C ounc i l gu ides for t h e pub l i c .
The h ighes t f i lm badge exposu res were from the HudsonFarm. A f i lm badge loca ted out s ide recorded 165 m r whi l ea badge worn by a person a t t h e f arm reco rded 140 m r . Therecorded exposure on a farm house near t h e w e s t edge oft h e c l ou d p a t t e r n a b ou t f i v e m i l e s west of t h e IMCC M i n ew a s 35 m r . Fi lm badges p laced on two houses on t he eas tand no r th s i des o f I l l i n o i s Camp recorded 80 m r and 50 m rr e s pec t i ve ly . The occupan t of t h e s ec on d wore a f i l mbadge which recorded 40 m r .
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CHAPTER 1x1IABORATORY CONTROL
In almost every phase of off-site radiological safety, agreat deal of reliance is placed on laboratory analysis. Forthis project, two laboratories were employed.
At the Project Gnome Control Point, a specially-equippedinstrumental laboratory trailer was stationed. This was a l s oused as net control for dispatching mobile monitoring teams duringthe operation. This laboratory was equipped with a 400-channelgamma spectrometer utilizing a 4" x 4" NaI crystal mounted in amassive steel shield. In addition to this analyzer, two scalerswith external detectors were utilized for gross beta determination.With this equipment, the Public Health Service was able to analyzeair, vegetation, and soil samples collected by mobile monitorswithin a few minutes after collection during D-Day and throughD+7. The advantage of this facility was that short-lived isotopescould be identified and by knowing radiation intensities frommobile monitoring, dose rates in areas o f cloud passage could beestimated more accurately. This information was important forthe Test Manager to determine emergency actions if they weredeemed necessary.
In addition to the laboratory at the Gnome site ControlPoint, the Public Health Service laboratory at Mercury, Nevada,was used to analyze environmental samples collected prior toD-Day and the continued surveillance laboratory work necessaryfollowing the operation. This laboratory is equipped to performcomplete radioisotope separations and analysis.
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CHAPTER I VElMERGENCY MEASURES
Because t h e r a d i a t i o n released.from t h e Gnome projectwas i n t h e form of a gaseous cloud composed of s h o r t h a l f - l i v e disotopes, emergency measures f o r t h e p e o p le i n a r e a s of c l ou dpa ssa ge were minimized.
The major precaut ionary measure taken involved automobi lesl e a v i n g th e Contro l Poin t a r ea v i a Highway 128 w e s t t h a t had be-come contamina ted by pass ing through t h e r a d i o a c t i v e c l o u d as i tcrossed t h i s road. One of t h e mobile m oni to r ing teams i n t hearea of t h e Highway 31 and Highway 128 ju nc ti o n noted automo bilesw i t h r e a d i n g s of 50 mr/hr - 250 mr/hr beta-gamma activi ty.informat ion was radioed t o t h e Contro l Poin t and immedia te ly roadblocks w e r e orde red by t h e Te st Manager nea r t h e C P a r e a t op r ev e nt o t h e r v e h i c l e s from p a s s i n g t h ro u gh t h i s c o n ta m in a te da r e a . The s e ve n v e h i c l e s t h a t had a l r e a dy pa sse d th r ough t h i sa r e a were monitored and d i r e c t e d t o a s e r v ic e s t a t i o n i n Carlsbadt h a t had be e n p r e v ious ly de s igna te d as a ve h i c l e de c on ta m inat ions t a t i o n or washing. A f t e r t h e v e h i c l e s had been washed andremoni tored , t h e y were re leased when the a c t i v i t y l e v e l s werebelow 10 mr/hr . People i n t h e v e h i c l e s w e r e n o t s u b j e c t e d t ot h e c on ta m ina t ion t ha t t h e s u r f a c e of t h e v e h i c l e s were, becauset h e t he r m a l t e m pe r a tu r e r e qu i r e d t h e windows t o be closed. Theh i g h e s t r e a d i n g r ec o rd e d i n s i d e th e v e h i c l e s was 15 m r / h r a tt h e t i m e t h e y were f i r s t m o ni to re d. One i n d i v i d u a l a p
