Plumbing UnitPlumbing Unit

What is a plumbing What is a plumbing system?system?

Plumbing includes Plumbing includes all the piping and all the piping and fixtures that fixtures that provide water for provide water for drinking, cooking, drinking, cooking, bathing, and bathing, and laundry; as well laundry; as well as a means of as a means of disposing of disposing of wastewater. wastewater.

Putting in a plumbing system Putting in a plumbing system takes a lot of takes a lot of

thought………………….thought………………….

When a house is being built, When a house is being built, plumbers and carpenters must plumbers and carpenters must work together so the frame of work together so the frame of

the house is prepared for the house is prepared for plumbing to be put in.plumbing to be put in.

Plumbing can be dangerous, so Plumbing can be dangerous, so there are there are codescodes that must be that must be followed in order to keep followed in order to keep everyone safe.everyone safe.

A A codecode is a set of rules that can is a set of rules that can be enforced by law!!!be enforced by law!!!

CodesCodesWhy is it important to follow codes?Why is it important to follow codes? If it is not up to code it will not pass If it is not up to code it will not pass

inspection and will have to be torn out inspection and will have to be torn out and redone becoming very costly.and redone becoming very costly.

If it is poorly designed then it will not If it is poorly designed then it will not work well and owner will be work well and owner will be unsatisfied.unsatisfied.

Could cause wastewater to mix with Could cause wastewater to mix with potable water if not installed properly.potable water if not installed properly.

There are 2 Types of There are 2 Types of Plumbing SystemsPlumbing Systems

1) Water Supply System1) Water Supply System

2) Drainage, Waste, and Venting 2) Drainage, Waste, and Venting (DWV)(DWV)

Water Supply SystemWater Supply System

Distributes water under Distributes water under pressure throughout the pressure throughout the structure for drinking, bathing, structure for drinking, bathing, cooking, and laundry. cooking, and laundry.

This is a 2 pipe system.This is a 2 pipe system. One pipe carries cold water, One pipe carries cold water,

and the other hot water.and the other hot water.

DWVDWV Carries away wastewater and solid Carries away wastewater and solid

waste from bathrooms, kitchens, waste from bathrooms, kitchens, and laundries.and laundries.

This subsystem is not under This subsystem is not under pressure, and must be properly pressure, and must be properly vented to prevent wastewater form vented to prevent wastewater form entering the drinking water supply.entering the drinking water supply.

Pipe SizingPipe Sizing

Pipe is usually identified by Pipe is usually identified by the Nominal size (I.D. and the Nominal size (I.D. and O.D.)O.D.)

Common sizes include ¼”, Common sizes include ¼”, ½”, ¾”, 1”, 1and1/2”, 2”½”, ¾”, 1”, 1and1/2”, 2”

Different Types of Pipes Different Types of Pipes and Tubingand Tubing

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)(CPVC)

Polybutylene (PB)Polybutylene (PB) Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Black Steel or GalvanizedBlack Steel or Galvanized Copper TubingCopper Tubing

Chlorinated Polyvinyl ChlorideChlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride(CPVC)(CPVC)

Plastic Supply Plastic Supply PipingPiping

Buff colored Buff colored thermoplasticthermoplastic

Light, easy to Light, easy to handle, resists handle, resists crackscracks

Good for freezing Good for freezing conditionsconditions

Suitable for Suitable for piping hot piping hot waterwater

Rating of 180 Rating of 180 degrees degrees Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit and 100 psi100 psi

Polybutylene (PB)Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Supply Plastic Supply

PipingPiping Flexible, allowing Flexible, allowing

for easy installationfor easy installation Connections made Connections made

with compression with compression fittingsfittings

Also called “Pex”Also called “Pex”

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Styrene (ABS)

Plastic PipingPlastic Piping Resists Resists

chemical chemical attackattack

InexpensiveInexpensive

Joined with a Joined with a one-step one-step solventsolvent

Used commonly Used commonly for sewage and for sewage and underground underground applicationsapplications

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic PipingPlastic Piping Has lower Has lower

thermal thermal expansion that expansion that makes long makes long runs easier to runs easier to controlcontrol

Joined with a Joined with a two-step two-step primer/solvent primer/solvent and suitable and suitable fittingsfittings

Usually used Usually used for cold water for cold water applicationsapplications

Black Steel and Black Steel and GalvanizedGalvanized

Very strongVery strong Not used much Not used much

anymoreanymore Wall thicknesses Wall thicknesses

include standard, include standard, extra heavy, and extra heavy, and double extra double extra heavyheavy

Copper TubingCopper Tubing Available in soft, Available in soft,

annealed, or rigid annealed, or rigid formform

Resists corrosion Resists corrosion very wellvery well

Very expensiveVery expensive Creates a bad taste Creates a bad taste

if water is acidicif water is acidic

May leave stains May leave stains on valves, on valves, faucets, fixtures, faucets, fixtures, and appliancesand appliances

Wall thicknesses Wall thicknesses include K include K (thickest), L, M(thickest), L, M

What are the differences What are the differences between valves, fixtures, between valves, fixtures,

faucets, and fittings?faucets, and fittings?

ValvesValves

Devices that Devices that control the flow control the flow of water in the of water in the water supply water supply system.system.

They are installed They are installed at certain places at certain places on the lines so on the lines so that water can be that water can be shut off easily.shut off easily.

FaucetsFaucetsValves that permit Valves that permit controlled controlled amounts of water amounts of water as needed for use as needed for use in a building.in a building.

They deliver water They deliver water to sinks, showers, to sinks, showers, and bathtubs, but and bathtubs, but can also deliver can also deliver water to a hose or water to a hose or bucket.bucket.

FixturesFixtures

Water-using devices Water-using devices such as sinks, such as sinks, bathtubs, urinals, bathtubs, urinals, stools, showers, and stools, showers, and water heaters.water heaters.

They are attached to the plumbing system and receive water from the supply system.

FittingsFittings Used to connect Used to connect

pipes of similar pipes of similar or different or different typestypes

Adaptors = Adaptors = connect different connect different types of pipestypes of pipes

Reducers = Reducers = connect different connect different sizes of pipessizes of pipes

Elbow = used Elbow = used for single for single direction direction changechange

Tee = used for Tee = used for splitting a line splitting a line into 2 directionsinto 2 directions

FittingsFittings Coupling = connects 2 similar types Coupling = connects 2 similar types

of pipesof pipes Union = connects 2 similar types of Union = connects 2 similar types of

pipes and can be opened laterpipes and can be opened later Plug = used to close a fittingPlug = used to close a fitting Cap = used to close a pipe endCap = used to close a pipe end Nipple = a short piece of pipeNipple = a short piece of pipe