Plasma Membran Potensial

7/23/2019 Plasma Membran Potensial

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/plasma-membran-potensial 1/51

By

Khairun Nisa Berawi, dr



THE FIELD OF PHYSIOLOGY

1. Vira Physi!!"y

#. Ba$%eria Physi!!"y

&. 'euar Physi!!"y

(. Pan% Physi!!"y

). Hu*an Physi!!"y

+!re $!*e-



Characteristic of Life

1. Organization is %he $!ndi%i!n in whi$h %he ar% !an !r"anis* ha/e rea%i!nshi %! ea$h !%her and %he

ar%s in%era$% %! er!r* se$ii$ un$%i!ns.

2. Metabolism is a ! %he $he*i$a rea$%i!ns %a0in" a$e in an !r"anis*

3. Responsiveness is %he aii%y ! an !r"anis* %!sense $han"es in i%s e-%erna !r in%erna en/ir!n*en%and ad2us% %! %h!se $han"es



4. Growth haens when $es in$rease in si3e !r nu*er whi$h r!du$es an !/era enar"e*en% ! a !r ar% ! %he !r"anis*

. !evelopment in$udes %he $han"es an !r"anis* under"!es%hr!u"h %i*e4 i% e"ins wi%h er%ii3a%i!n and ends a% dea%h.De/e!*en% usuay in/!/es "r!w%h, dieren%ia%i!n 5$han"ein $e s%ru$%ure and un$%i!n r!* "enerai3ed %! se$iai3ed6,and *!rh!"enesis 5$han"e in shae ! %issues, !r"ans, and %he

en%ire !r"anis*6.

7. 8er!du$%i!n is %he !r*a%i!n ! new $es !r new !r"anis*s



References

1. Te-%!!0 ! +EDI'9L PHYSIOLOGY y 9r%hur '. Guy%!n

and :!hn E Ha. 1;%h Edi%i!n. <.B. S9=NDE8S

'O+P9NY

#. H=+9N PHYSIOLOGY. The *e$hanis* ! B!dy

Fun$%i!n. 9r%hur Vander4 :a*es Sher*an4 D!r!%hy Lu$ian!.

>%h Ed. #;;1. +$Graw?Hi

&. 9N9TO+Y @ PHYSIOLOGY y 8!d 8. Seeey, Tren% D.S%ehens, and Phii Ta%e. 7%h Edi%i!n. #;;&. +$Graw?Hi.

www.*hhe.$!*Aseeey7



GENE89L INST8='TION9L OB:E'TIVE

9%er a%%endin" %he $!urse ! Physi!!"y, s%uden% w!ud e ae

%! ay %he rin$ie n!r*a /aue ! !dy !r"an un$%i!ns %!

e/aua%e %he disease



"CO#$ O% #&'"(OLOG'

1. Characteristics of life

2. &omeostasis



Characteristic of Life

1. Organization is %he $!ndi%i!n in whi$h %he ar% ! an!r"anis* ha/e rea%i!nshi %! ea$h !%her and %he ar%s in%era$%

%! er!r* se$ii$ un$%i!ns.

2. Metabolism is a ! %he $he*i$a rea$%i!ns %a0in" a$e in an

!r"anis*

3. Responsiveness is %he aii%y ! an !r"anis* %! sense

$han"es in i%s e-%erna !r in%erna en/ir!n*en% and ad2us% %!

%h!se $han"es

(. ..



4. Growth haens when $es in$rease in si3e !r nu*er whi$h

r!du$es an !/era enar"e*en% ! a !r ar% ! %he !r"anis*

. !evelopment in$udes %he $han"es an !r"anis* under"!es

%hr!u"h %i*e4 i% e"ins wi%h er%ii3a%i!n and ends a% dea%h.De/e!*en% usuay in/!/es "r!w%h, dieren%ia%i!n 5$han"e

in $e s%ru$%ure and un$%i!n r!* "enerai3ed %! se$iai3ed6,

and *!rh!"enesis 5$han"e in shae ! %issues, !r"ans, and

%he en%ire !r"anis*6.7. 8er!du$%i!n is %he !r*a%i!n ! new $es !r new !r"anis*s.



&omeostasis

H!*e!s%asis is %he $!ndi%i!n in whi$h !dy un$%i!n, uids, and !%her

a$%!rs ! %he in%erna en/ir!n*en% are *ain%ained a% e/es sui%ae

%! su!r% ! ie

)egative fee*bac+

a. Ne"a%i/e?eeda$0 *e$hanis*s !era%e %! *ain%ain h!*e!s%asis

. +any ne"a%i/e?eeda$0 *e$hanis* $!nsis% ! a re$e%!r, $!n%r!

$en%er, and ee$%!r

#ositive %ee*bac+

a. P!si%i/e?eeda$0 *e$hanis*s usuay in$rease de/ia%i!n r!*

n!r*a

. 9%h!u"h a ew !si%i/e?eeda$0 *e$hanis*s n!r*ay e-is% in %he

!dy, !dy !si%i/e?eeda$0 *e$hanis* are har*u



a. Component of anegative feedbackcontrol

b. Negative feedback control ofbody temp.

a.Deviation in controlled variable

.Fall in body temp.bellow set point

a.Sensor

b.Temp.-monitoring nerve cells

a.Integratorb.Temp.control center

a.Eector!s"b.Skeletal m#scles

!and ot$er eectors"

a.Compensatory responseb.%p $eat prodc.t$ro#g$ s$ivering

&t$er means

a.Controll variable restored to norb.Increase in body temp.to set poi

a.Feed'ack

b.Neg.F'



T$e depicted interdependent relations$ip sewrves as t$efo#ndation for modern-day p$ysiology( homneostasis isessential for the survival of cells, body system maintainhomeostasis, and cells make up body system

maintain

Is essential for

)ake #p s#rvival of

'ody systems *omeostasis

Cells





"pecific (nstr,ctional Ob-ective

9%er a%%endin" %he $e dis$ussi!n, s%uden% w!ud e ae %!

e-ain %he *!e$uar a$%!rs %ha% res!nsie !r %he rin$ie

un$%i!n ! %he $es as %he s*aes% asi$ uni%s ! ie



he main f,nction of the cell

1. Basi$ uni% ! ie. The $e is %he s*aes% ar%4 re%ain %he

$hara$%eris%i$ ! ie

#. Pr!%e$%i!n and su!r%. 'es r!du$e and se$re%e /ari!us

*!e$ues %ha% r!/ide r!%e$%i!n and su!r% ! %he !dy

&. +!/e*en%. 9 %he *!/e*en%s ! %he !dy !$$ur e$ause !

*!e$ues !$a%ed wi%hin %he se$ii$ $es.

(. '!**uni$a%i!n. 'es r!du$e and re$ei/e $he*i$a and

ee$%ri$a si"na %ha% a!w %he* %! $!**uni$a%e wi%h !ne

an!%her

). 'e *e%a!is* and ener"y reease. The $he*i$a rea$%i!ns %ha%

!$$ur wi%hin %he $es are reerred %! $!e$%i/ey as $e

*e%a!is*. Ener"y reeased durin" *e%a!is* is used !r %he

$e a$%i/i%ies. Su %!i$ ..



S=BTOPI'S

1. Pas*a *e*rane

#. +!/e*en% %hr!u"h %he as*a *e*rane

&. O/er/iew ! $e *e%a!is*

(. 'euar ase$%s ! a"in"



1. All organisms are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure andfunction in organism

3. All cells come from preeexiting cells



+evels of &rgani,ation in body

- C$emical level

- Cell#lar level

- Tiss#e level

- &rgan level

- 'ody system level

- &rganism level



The $e



!Fig.C"



GENERAL FUNCTION : MANUFACTURE•

Nucleus : DNA synthesis; RNA synthesis; assembly o !ibosomalsubunits "in nucleus#

• Ribosomes : $oli$e$ti%e "$!otein# synthesis

• Rou&h ER : 'ynthesis o memb!ane $!oteins( sec!eto!y $!oteins(an% hy%!olytic en)ymes; o!mation o t!ans$o!t *esicles

•

'mooth ER : Li$i% synthesis; ca!bohy%!ate metabolism in li*e!cells; %eto+i,cation in li*e! cells; calsium ion sto!a&e

• Gol&i a$$a!atus : Mo%i,cation( tem$o!a!y sto!a&e( an% t!ans$o!to mac!omolecules; o!mation o lysosomes an% t!ans$o!t *esicles

GENERAL FUNCTION: -REA.DO/N• Lysosomes : Di&estion o nut!ients( bacte!ia( an% %ama&e%o!&anelles; %est!uction o ce!tain cells %u!in& emb!yonic%e*elo$ment

• 0e!o+isomes ; Di*e!se metabolic $!ocesses( 1ith b!ea2%o1n o34O4 by $!o%uct

• 5acuoles : Di&estion "li2e lysosomes# ; sto!a&e o chemicals; cellsenla!&ement; 1ate! balance



/ENE01+ F%NCTI&N ENE0/2 30&CESSIN/• C$loroplasts !in plants and some protists"

Conversion of lig$t energy to c$emical of s#gars

• )itoc$ondria conversion of c$emical energy of

1T3

/ENE01+ F%NCTI&NS S%33&0T4 )&5E)ENT4 1NDC&))%NIC1TI&N 'ET6EEN CE++S

• Cytoskeleton !incl#ding cillia4 7agella4 centriols

in animal cells"• Cell walls• E8tracell#lar matri8 !in animal"• Cell 9#nction



9ssi"n*en%

C Deine $y%!as* and $y%!s!C <ha% are %he %w! "enera un$%i!ns ! %he $y%!s0ee%!n

C Des$rie and is% %he un$%i!n ! *i$r!%uues, a$%in ia*en%s, and

in%er*edia%e ia*en%s

C Deine and "i/e e-a*es ! $y%!as*i$ in$usi!ns. <ha% arei!$hr!*es

C Deine !r"anees

C Des$rie and is% %he un$%i!ns ! $hr!*!s!*es. E-ain %he s%ru$%ure !

$en%ri!es

C <ha% are sinde iers E-ain %he rea%i!nshi e%ween $en%r!s!*es,

sinde iers, and 0ine%!$h!res ! $hr!*!s!*es durin" $e di/isi!n



>. '!n%ras% %he s%ru$%ure an un$%i!n ! $iia and a"ea

. Des$rie %he s%ru$%ure and un$%i!n ! *i$r!/ii. H!w are *i$r!/ii

dieren% r!* $iia

1;. <ha% 0inds ! *!e$ues are in ri!s!*es <here are %he ri!s!*a

suuni%s !r*ed and asse*ed

11. '!*are %he un$%i!ns ! ree ri!s!*es and end!as*i$ re%i$uu*

ri!s!*es

1#. H!w is %he end!as*i$ re%i$uu* rea%ed %! %he nu$ear en/e!e H!w

are %he $is%ernae ! %he end!as*i$ re%i$uu* rea%ed %! %he res% ! %he

$y%!as*

1&. <ha% are %he un$%i!ns ! s*!!%h end!as*i$ re%i$uu*

1(. Des$rie %he s%ru$%ure and un$%i!n ! %he G!"i aara%us



1). Des$rie %he r!du$%i!n ! a r!%ein a% %he end!as*i$ re%i$uu* and i%s

dis%riu%i!n %! %he G!"i aara%us. Na*e %hree ways in whi$h r!%eins

are dis%riu%ed r!* %he G!"i aara%us

17. Deine se$re%!ry /esi$es

1. Des$rie %he r!$ess y whi$h ys!s!*a en3y*es di"es% ha"!$y%i3ed

*a%erias. Deine au%!ha"ia

1>. <ha% is %he un$%i!n ! er!-is!*es H!w d!es $a%aase r!%e$% $es1. Des$rie %he s%ru$%ure and un$%i!n ! r!%eas!*es

#;. <ha% is %he un$%i!n ! *i%!$h!ndria <ha% en3y*e are !und !n %he

$ris%ae and in %he *a%ri- H!w $an %he nu*er ! *i%!$h!ndria in a $e

in$rease

#1. H!w *i"h% a $euar $!$0, dea%h "enes, DN9 da*a"e, ree radi$as, !r

*i%!$h!ndria da*a"e $!n%riu%e %! $euar a"in"



#. Pas*a *e*rane

1. The !u%er*!s% $!*!nen% ! a $e

#. '!nsis%s () ); iids, () ); r!%eins, ( > $ar!hydra%e

&. .



#. Pas*a *e*rane #

&. 'ar!hydra%es $!*ine wi%h iid %! !r* "y$!iids, and wi%h r!%ein %! !r*

"y$!r!%eins. Gy$!$ay- is %he $!e$%i!n ! $ar!hydra%es, "y$!iids, and

"y$!r!%eins !n %he !u%er sura$e ! %he as*a *e*rane

(. .



#. Pas*a *e*rane #>

(. Sus%an$es inside %he as*a *e*rane are in%ra$euar, and !u%side are

e-%ra$euar s!*e%i*es $aed in%er$euar

). En$!ses and su!r%s %he $e $!n%en%s

7.



#. Pas*a *e*rane #

7. 9%%a$hes $es %! %he e-%ra$euar en/ir!n*en% !r !%her $es

. T! ae %he $e %! re$!"ni3e and %! $!**uni$a%e wi%h ea$h !%her

>. ..



#. Pas*a *e*rane &;

>. De%er*ines wha% *!/e in%! and !u% ! $es dieren% %he e-%ra @ in%ra?

$euar en/ir!n*en%

. 8e"ua%es %he *!/e*en% ! i!ns as a resu% ! %he e-is%en$e ! *e*rane

!%en%ia 5!u%side is !si%i/ey and inside is ne"a%i/ey $har"ed6



+e*rane iids

1. Pred!*inan%y h!sh!iids and $h!es%er!

#. Ph!sh!iids readiy asse*e %! !r* a lipi* bila/er %ha% ha/e a !ar

5$har"ed6 head and a n!n!ar 5un$har"ed6 head. The !ar is hydr!hii$

whi$h e-!sed %! wa%er inside and !u%side %he $e. The n!n!ar is

hydr!h!i$ %ais whi$h a$e !ne an!%her in %he in%eri!r ! %he as*a

*e*rane

'!*!si%i!n ! %he as*a *e*rane



+e*rane iids

(. 'h!es%er! a$$!un%s !r a!u% !ne %hird ! %he %!%a iids whi$h is

in%ersersed a*!n" %he h!sh!iids

). The a*!un% ! $h!es%er! de%er*ines %he uid na%ure ! %he *e*rane.

'!*!si%i!n ! %he as*a *e*rane



The r!%eins

1. De%er*ine %he un$%i!n ! %he as*a *e*rane

#. Gi/e s%ru$%ure ! uid *!sai$ *!de

&. .



The r!%eins

& The !si%i!n are in%e"ra 5in%rinsi$6 %ha% ene%ra%e deey in%! %he iid iayer

and e-%end r!* !ne sura$e %! %he !%her, $!nsis% ! hydr!hii$ and

hydr!h!i$ 8 "r!us4 and erihera 5e-%rinsi$6 %ha% are a%%a$hed ei%her %he

inner !r !u%er sura$e and usuay !und %! in%e"ra r!%ein

(



The r!%eins

(. Fun$%i!n as *ar0ers, a%%a$h*en% si%es, $hannes, re$e%!rs, en3y*es, !r

$arriers.

). The un$%i!ns deend !n %heir %hree di*ensi!na shaes and %heir $he*i$a

$hara$%eris%i$s.



+e*rane Pr!%ein

G!uar r!%eins in %he

as*a *e*rane

'e sura$e *ar0er

Gy$!r!%eins !n %he sura$e a!w $es %!

iden%iy !ne an!%her

+e*rane r!%ein ..



+e*rane Pr!%ein

9%%a$h*en% si%e

Pr!%eins 5in%e"rins6 in %he as*a *e*rane a%%a$h %! e-%ra$euar *!e$ues

+e*rane r!%ein ..



8e$e%!r r!%ein

+e*rane r!%ein ..



THE 'H9NNEL P8OTEINS

1. S!*e re"i!n ! %he r!%ein are hei$a. Ea$hhei$a re"i!n $an e dei$%ed as $yinder



#. In s!*e *e*rane r!%eins, %he hei$a re"i!n!r* $ir$e wi%h a $hanne in %he $en%er



&. The rin" ! $yinders $an e dei$%ed as a &?D

"!uar s%ru$%ure wi%h a $hanne in %he $en%er.

This is $aed a $hanne r!%ein



(. The $hanne r!%ein $an e dei$%ed $u% in ha

%! sh!w %he $hanne



). The $u% $hanne r!%ein is dei$%ed wi%hin %he

as*a *e*rane

+e*rane r!%eins ..



S!*e r!%ein are i"and "a%ed i!n $hanne. <hen i"ands ind %! %he re$e%!r

si%es, %his $!*ina%i!n a%ers %he %he %hree?di*ensi!na s%ru$%ure $ausin" %he

$hannes ei%her %! !en !r %! $!se $han"e %he er*eaii%y ! %he as*a

*e*rane.

8e$e%!rs in0ed %! $hanne r!%eins



The !unded i"and !en %he $hanne

+e*rane r!%eins ..



8e$e%!rs in0ed %! G r!%eins

S!*e *e*rane?!und *!e$ues

un$%i!n y a%erin" %he a$%i/i%y ! a G

r!%ein $!*e- %ha% $!nsis%ed ! %hree

r!%eins $aed aha, e%a, and "a**a,!$a%ed !n %he inner sura$e ! %he

as*a *e*rane. <hen a i"and

a%%a$hes %he re$e%!r %he G?r!%ein is

a$%i/a%ed and s%i*ua%e a $e res!nse.

+e*rane r!%eins ..



En3y*e in %he as*a

*e*rane

This en3y*e in %he as*a *e*rane rea0s %he e%ide !und ! die%ide

%! r!du$e %w! a*in! a$ids.

S!*e *e*rane r!%eins

un$%i!n as en3y*e

+e*rane r!%eins ..

' i i



'arrier r!%eins

'arrier r!%eins are in%e"ra

r!%eins %ha% *!/e i!ns !r

*!e$ues r!* !ne side ! %he

as*a *e*rane %! %he !%her. The

$arrier r!%eins ha/e se$ii$ indin" si%es %! whi$h i!ns !r

*!e$ues a%%a$h !n !ne side ! %he

as*a *e*rane. The $arrier

r!%ein $han"e i%s $!n!r*a%i!n %!

*!/e %he i!ns !r *!e$ues %! %he

!%her side ! %he as*a *e*rane.



9ssi"n*en%J

1. <ha% are %he *a2!r un$%i!n ! %he $e#. <ha% are %he dieren$e e%ween i"h% and ee$%r!n *i$r!s$!e

&. Deine "y$!iid and "y$!r!%ein. Des$rie %he dieren$e e%ween

in%e"ra and erihera r!%eins in %he as*a *e*rane

(. Lis% %w! un$%i!ns ! *ar0er *!e$ues

). Des$rie and "i/e %he un$%i!n ! in%e"rins

7. Deine n!n"a%ed i!n $hanne, i"and?"a%ed i!n $hanne, and /!%a"e?"a%ed

i!n $hanne. <ha% de%er*ines %he un$%i!n ! a $hanne r!%ein

. T! wha% ar% ! a re$e%!r *!e$ue d!es a i"and a%%a$h Gi/e %w!e-a*es ! h!w a i"and $an ind %! a re$e%!r in %he as*a *e*rane

and $ause a res!nse in %he $e

>. Gi/e an e-a*e ! %he a$%i!n ! an en3y*e in %he as*a *e*rane



3. Movement thro,gh the selectivel/ permeable

plasma membrane

O2e$%i/esJ

a. Des$rie %he !ur ways y whi$h sus%an$es $an *!/e %hr!u"h %he as*a

*e*rane

. Des$rie %he a$%!rs %ha% ae$% %he ra%e and %he dire$%i!n ! diusi!n ! %he

s!u%e in a s!/en%

$. Des$rie diusi!n and !s*!sis

d. Des$rie %he r!$esses ! a$ii%a%ed diusi!n, a$%i/e %rans!r%, andse$!ndary a$%i/e %rans!r%



+!/e*en% Thr!u"h %he Pas*a +e*rane

1. Liid?s!ue *!e$ues ass %hr!u"h %he as*a *e*rane readiy y

diss!/in" in %he iid iayer

#. S*a *!e$ues ass %hr!u"h *e*rane $hanne. +!s% $hanne are !si%i/ey $har"ed, a!win" ne"a%i/ey $har"ed i!ns and neu%ra

*!e$ues %! ass %hr!u"h *!re readiy %han !si%i/e $har"ed i!ns

&. Lar"e !ar sus%an$es 5e."., "u$!se and a*in! a$ids6 are %rans!r%ed

%hr!u"h %he *e*rane y $arrier *!e$ues

(. Lar"er ie$es ! *a%erias en%er $es in /esi$es

Documents

Plasma Membran Potensial