PLANTS! PLANTS! PLANTS!

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How It’s Made Transport Plant FoodFlower

“Babies”Signals and Hormones

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A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip

and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

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What is a root hair

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A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of

leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment

and the interior of the plant.

What is a stoma

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A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or

growing season.

What is an annual

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Wood consists of secondary ______.

What is xylem

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A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an

adaptation to prevent drying out of terrestrial plants.

What is a cuticle

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A petiole

What is the “stalk” of a leaf

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A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in this area of growth in a

root

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What is the zone of maturation

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Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in

length.

What is an apical meristem

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This “type” of plant cell carries on most of the plant’s metabolic function, such as photosynthesis and storage; they have large vacuoles and lack

secondary walls.

What is parenchyma

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For primary growth of roots to occur, this “region of growth” includes cells

that lengthen to many times their original size to push the root tip

through the soil.

What is the zone of elongation

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Phloem sap flows from a sugar _______, where it is produced by

photosynthesis or broken down from starch, to a sugar _______, an organ that consumes or stores the sugar.

What is the source, sink

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A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell,

separating the cytosol from the vacuolar contents, called cell sap;

also known as the vacuolar membrane.

What is a tonoplastContinue

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The focus of Lab 9; the evaporative loss of water from a plant.

What is transpiration

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A walled cell of a plant becomes very firm or ______________ if it has a

greater solute concentration than its surroundings, resulting in entry of

water.

What is turgid

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A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell

that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the

membrane via osmosis.

What is a aquaporin

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A category of plants that have adapted to an arid climate.

What are xerophytes

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The productivity of a crop declines when leaves begin to wilt mainly

because of “this”

What is stomata close, preventing CO2 from entering the leaf.

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800The transpirational flow of xylem sap is transmitted from leaves to root tips because 1)water is attracted to itself

and 2)water is attracted to the hydrophilic walls of the narrow xylem

elements. These 2 processes are known as:

What is cohesion; adhesion

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Water potential is found by use of this calculation:

What is

Water potential = solute potential + pressure potential Continue

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Root pressure may cause this; water droplets come out of the leaves when

more water is forced up the xylem than is transpired by the plant.

What is guttation

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The most common form of human malnutrition is _________deficiency. To

combat this problem, agricultural researchers have been developing

enriched corn, wheat, rice.

What is protein

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The most fertile of all soils, made up of roughly equal amounts of sand, silt,

and clay

What is loam

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The alternation of planting a nonlegume one year and a legume the next year to restore concentration of

fixed nitrogen in the soil.

What is crop rotation

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This is an example of a “macromolecule” that the

macronutrient, PHOSPHORUS, is a necessary component of.

What are nucleic acids, phospholipids and even ATP and some coenzymes.

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500Phytoremediation is a nondestructive

technology that cheaply reclaims contaminated areas by using some

plant species to extract “these substances” from the soil and concentrating them in easily

harvested portions of the plant

What are heavy metals or pollutants Continue

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Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from this molecule.

What is carbon dioxide

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This is the main reason why leaves of plants grown without humus were

yellowish compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil.

What is: the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron, needed for

the synthesis of chlorophyll.

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Most micronutrients function in “this” way.

What is as cofactors for enzymes

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This is an enzyme complex, unique to certain prokaryotes, that reduces N2 to

NH3.

What is nitrogenase

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A plant that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support, usually on the branches or

trunks of tropical trees.

What is an epiphyte

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A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in

their dispersal.

What is a fruit

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The modified leaves that are often colorful parts of a flower that advertise

it to insects and other pollinators

What are petals

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An incomplete flower lacks one or more of the four basic floral organs.

List three of the four “organs”.

What are sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels

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In flowers, this is the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing

ovules develop.

What is the ovaryContinue

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This condition is needed by almost all seeds to break dormancy?

What is inbibition

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A plant that has small, green petals is most likely to be pollinated by

______________________.

What is the wind

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An individual plant or animal is said to be _____________if its genome contains

a gene introduced from another organism

What is transgenic

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This angiosperm mechanism occurs when two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the

zygote and endosperm.

What is double fertilization

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____ is to male gametophyte as _____ is to female gametophyte.

What are pollen grain; embryo sac

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This is the reason why development of Bt crops to raises concerns

What is: if Bt toxin genes "escape" to related weed species, the hybrid weeds could have harmful ecological effects.

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This hormone, also known as ABA, slows down plant growth by hindering

the actions of growth hormones.

What is abscisic acid

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Certain plants can only flower when the day length is “longer” than a

certain number of hours. These plants are called ____________ plants.

What is long-day

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Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light

What is phototropism

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Ethylene is almost always associated with the programmed cell death of

cells or organs. This cell death is also known as _______________

What is apoptosis

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This is the category of hormones that stimulates elongation of coleoptiles.

What are auxins.

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An example of etiolation is the growth pattern of a sprouting potato shoot breaking ground. Etiolation lacks

adequate _________.

What is sunlight

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A plant produces _________ in response to severe heat stress which help

reduce protein denaturation.

What are heat shock proteins

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Buds and sprouts often form on tree stumps. These types of hormones

stimulate their formation?

What are cytokinins

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Most climbing plants have tendrils that coil rapidly around supports, exhibiting thigmotropism or directional growth in

response to “this”

What is touch

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“This signal” travels from the leaves to buds when the leaves detect a photoperiod and start flowering.

What is florigen

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