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Plant Propagation http://education-portal.c om/academy/lesson/asexual -plant-reproduction-veget ative-propagation-and-bul bs.html

Plant Propagation portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

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Page 1: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Plant Propagation

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/asexual-plant-reproduction-vegetative-propagation-and-bulbs.html

Page 2: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Introduction

• What is plant propagation?• The reproduction or increasing in

number of plants.

• Can be done in one of two ways….• Sexual.• Asexual.

Page 3: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Sexual or Seed Propagation

Page 4: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Sexual Propagation

• The propagation or reproducing of plants from seeds.

Page 5: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Sexual Propagation

• Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma.

• Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

Page 6: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html
Page 7: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Parts of the Seed

• Seeds are made up of 4 main parts….• Seed Coat.• Cotyledons• First leaves• Embryonic root.

Page 8: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Planting Seeds

• Planting depth depends on the size of the seeds.

• The larger the seed, the deeper it is planted.• Example: Petunia seeds are planted

shallower than beans, tomatoes, or marigolds because they are the smallest.

• Small seeds should be watered by bottom soaking.

Page 9: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Planting Seeds

• Seeds are directly seeded when they are planted in the soil where they will grow to a saleable size.

• Germination flats are used if they are to be transplanted at a later time.• When reusing germination flats, be sure to sterilize

the flats and soil.

Page 10: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Germination

• Germination rate is the % that sprout.• Example: 75 out of 100 = 75%

• Rates affected by….• Seed viability.• Temperature.• Moisture.• Type of plant.• Quality of seed.

Page 11: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Germination

Page 12: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Transplanting Seedlings

• Seedlings are the small plants.• Transplant when first true leaves appear• Held by the true leaves rather than the stems to

prevent stem bruising which will kill the plant.

Page 13: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Hardening Off

• The reducing of humidity and water to make the environment more like the outside.

Page 14: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Advantages of Sexual Propagation

• Fast way to get many plants.• Easy to do.• Economical.

Page 15: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Disadvantages of Sexual Propagation

• Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents.

• Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

Page 16: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Asexual Propagation

Page 17: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Asexual Propagation

• The use of vegetative growing parts other than seeds to reproduce plants.

• The types are….• Cuttings• Layering• Division/Separation• Budding• Grafting• Tissue Culture

Page 18: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Rooting from Cuttings

• Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep.

• Best time of day to take cuttings is early morning because plants have more moisture.

Page 19: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Rooting from Cuttings

• The three main types of cuttings are….• Stem• Leaf• Root

Page 20: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Stem Cuttings

• The taking of a piece of stem to reproduce plants.

• Use a rooting hormone with fungicide to….• Speed up root

development.• Prevent root rot.

Page 21: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Leaf Cuttings

• The use of leaves and sections of leaves to reproduce plants.

• Done from herbaceous plants.• Veins must be cut!!!

Page 22: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Root Cuttings

• The use of roots to reproduce plants.• Should be spaced 3 inches apart in the

rooting area.

Page 23: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Layering

• The rooting of plant parts while they are still attached to the “parent” plant.

• The types are….• Air Layering.• Trench Layering.• Mound Layering.

Page 24: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Air Layering

• Also called Chinese propagation.

• Area of plant is girdled and surrounded by a moist growing medium that is sealed in polyethylene film.

Page 25: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html
Page 26: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Trench Layering

• Mother plant is bent to the ground and buried.

• Plants form at each node on covered stem.

Page 27: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Mound Layering

• Rooted plant is cut off at the soil level.

• As the season progresses, soil is added to cover the growing shoots.

• After 1 year, the shoots are rooted and removed from the parent plant.

Page 28: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Division & Separation

• Cutting or pulling apart of….• Bulbs• Corms• Rhizomes• Tubers• Runners• Stolens• Suckers

Page 29: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Division & Separation

• Division is done through humans physically dividing plants to reproduce

• Separation is the NATURAL division of plants.

Page 30: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting

• Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant.

• Scion• Piece of plant at the top

of the graft.

• Rootstock• The piece of the plant at the

root or bottom of the graft.

Page 31: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting Methods

• Scion & rootstock are the same size:• Wedge• Splice• Whip & tongue• Approach

Page 32: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting Methods

whip & tongue graft

splice graft

approach graft

wedge graft

Page 33: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting Methods

• Scion is smaller than the rootstock:• Cleft.• Side.• Notch.• Bark inlay.

Page 34: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting Methods

cleft graft side graft

bark inlay graft notch graft

Page 35: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Budding

• A form of grafting when a bud is used.

• Faster or quicker than grafting.• The 3 main methods are….

• Patch budding.• T-budding.• Chip budding.

Page 36: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Patch Budding

Page 37: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

T-Budding

Page 38: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Chip Budding

Page 39: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Grafting video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTtXmBVsolY

Page 40: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Tissue Culture

• Must have a sterile environment.

• Get the most plants in a short time.

• True to parent plants.

Page 41: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Advantages to Asexual Propagation

• Plants mature in shorter time.• Some plants do not produce viable

seeds.• New plants are same as parent

plant.

Page 42: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Disadvantages to Asexual Propagation

• Some methods require special equipment & skills….• Such as grafting.

• Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source.

• Some plants are patented….• Making propagation illegal.

Page 43: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Biotechnology in Horticulture

Page 44: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

What is Biotechnology?

• The use of cells or components (parts) of cells to produce more plants.

Page 45: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Methods of Biotechnology

• Tissue Culture• Also called

micropropagation.• Uses the terminal

shoots or leaf buds in a sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands of identical plants.

Page 46: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Methods of Biotechnology

• Cloning• Genetically generating offspring from

non-sexual tissue.

Page 47: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Methods of Biotechnology

• Genetic Engineering• Movement of

genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another cell to modify or change the genetic make-up.

Page 48: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Benefits of Biotechnology

• Produce many identical plants in a short time.

• Increase disease and insect resistance.

• Increase tolerance to heat or cold.

• Increase weed tolerance.

• Increase tolerance to drought.

• Improve environment.

• Increase production.• Other genetic

changes.

Page 49: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Assignment• Divide into groups of 4 or 5• Topic Genetically Modified Seeds• Group 1 Details (describe the topic)• Group 2 Purpose (Why do they exist)• Group 3 Value (Consider the usefulness or

importance)• Group 4 Roles (Consider who is involved with

GMOs and who is affected by them)• Group 5 Condition (Existing state – where do

they stand in today’s society)

Page 50: Plant Propagation  portal.com/academy/lesson/asexu al-plant-reproduction-vegetative- propagation-and-bulbs.html

Essay assignment

• Write an argumentative essay on the topic of genetically modified organisms.

• Who are the players involved and how are they affected?

• What are the opposing views• What is your argument for your view on

the topic?• Should be one entire page typed.• Due on Tuesday (Google Docs or printed)