Physics investigatory project on physics

7/25/2019 Physics investigatory project on physics

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P H Y S I C S I N V E S T I G A T O R YPROJECT

By

R.NAVEEN

XIIA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MANKHURD


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AIM

To construct a Full Wave

Bridge

rectifier and show that the (AC)alternating current is rectied into adirect current (DC).


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INDEX

1. CET!F!CATE

". AC#$%W&ED'EE$T

. !$T%D*CT!%$

+. A!

,. ATE!A&- E*!ED

/. C!C*!T D!A'A

0. %CED*E

2. W%#!$'

3. B!B&!%'A45


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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MANKHURD, MUMBAI

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that R.NAVEEN, a studet of c!ass "II#A

has successfu!!y co$%!eted the %ro&ect tit!ed RECTIFIER

uder the 'uidace of Mrs. PROMODINI PAL ()u*&ect

Teacher+ Duri' the acade$ic year -/#0 i %artia!

fu!fi!!$et of %hysics %ractica! e1a$iatio coducted *y

AI))2E, Mu$*ai.

Signature of external examinerSignature of physics teacher

Signature of

principal


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

!n the acco67lish6ent of this 7ro8ect successfull9:

6an9

7eo7le have ;est owned u7on 6e their ;lessings andthe heart 7ledged su77ort: this ti6e ! a6 utili


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INTRODUCTIONA rectifier is an electrical device that converts

alternating

current (AC): which 7eriodicall9 reverses direction: todirect current (DC): which >ows in onl9 one direction.The 7rocess is =nown as rectification. ectification

7roduces a t97e of DC that enco67asses activevoltages and currents: which are then ad8usted into at97e of constant voltage DC: although this variesde7ending on the current?s end@use. The current isallowed to flow uninterru7ted in one direction: and nocurrent is allowed to flow in the o77osite direction.

h9sicall9: rectifiers ta=e a nu6;er of for6s: includingvacuu6 tu;e diodes: 6ercur9@arc valves: co77er andseleniu6 oide rectifiers: se6iconductor diodes: silicon@controlled rectifiers and other silicon@;asedse6iconductor switches.

ectifier circuits 6a9 ;e single@7hase or [email protected] low 7ower rectifiers for do6estic eui76ent aresingle@7hase: ;ut three@7hase rectification is ver9i67ortant for industrial a77lications and for thetrans6ission of energ9 as DC.


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MATERIALS REQUIRED

1.

".

.+.

,.

/.

0.

2. @$ unction Diodes (+nos)

3. A &ED

1.!nsulation Ta7e: Blades: -oldering

Wa: -oldering &ead: -oldering !ron

-and a7er

Connecting Wires

A 7lug

-ingle &ead Wire@ "6Three $uts Bolts "@c6 lengt

Circuit Board

A Transfor6er (1")

A esistor


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PROCEDURE

Ta=e the transfor6er and attach it to one end of the circuit

;oard.

Attach the 7lug with the wire of desired length and connect itto the transfor6er AC !n. now: ta=e four diodes and connectthe + diodes into a loo7. Connect the anode of diode D1 to theanode of D". Connect the cathode of D" to anode of

D.connect the cathode of D to anode of D+ and connect theanode of D+ to cathode of D1. The out7ut of transfor6ersshould ;e connected to A and C. $ow: ta=e two ca7acitor andconnect its Gve ter6inal to Gve and Hve ter6inal to Hve. Andconnect ;oth the ca7acitors to B and D. Connect a resistor anda &ED to the ca7acitor. Attach wire fro6 the ca7acitors


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and connect it to the out7ut device.

WORKINGWhen the AC is su77lied to the transfor6er: it ste7 down the

"+

6ain su77l9 to 1". !t has a ca7a;ilit9 of delivering 06A.The 1" volts AC a77earing across the secondar9 is the -

value. The four diodes la;elled D1 to D+ are arranged in Iseries7airsJ with onl9 two diodes conducting current during each halfc9cle. The four diodes la;elled D1 to D+ are arranged in Iseries

7airsJ with onl9 two diodes conducting current during eachhalf c9cle. During the 7ositive half c9cle of the su77l9: diodesD1 and D" conduct in series while diodes D and D+ arereverse ;iased and the current flows through the load asshown ;elow.

The 3ositi4e Ha!f#cyc!e

During the negative half c9cle of the su77l9: diodes D and D+conduct


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in series: ;ut diodes D1 and D" switch I%FFJ as the9 are now

reverse

;iased. The current flowing through the load is the sa6edirection as ;efore.

The Ne'ati4e Ha!f#cyc!e

!n su;seuent 4alf c9cles of the AC Current the a;ove 7rocessare re7eated. !n ;oth the half c9cles it is clear that currentflows through the resistor in onl9 one direction. Even thoughthe voltage across load is unidirectional it will still contains afew AC co67onents. This is filtered and 6ade s6ooth using aca7acitor: which filters 33K of the AC current. A resistor is

then used to ad8ust the out7ut voltage. Ca7acitor also nearl9filters all AC co67onents fro6 su77l9 and resistance isad8usted for the reuired out7ut. As this is a si67le circuit: twoca7acitors and one resistor are ;eing used. The out7ut DirectCurrent and voltage light u7 the &ED and other sourceconnected with it.


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OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION

5 coecti' a 4o!t$eter to the out%ut of *rid'e circuit

V curret is co$i'.


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PRECAUTIONS

. K!!" s#$! %'rs!($ $r) *+,* -(#,!.

/. S(0!r *! 1+r! s#$!(%.2. W*+(! s(0!r+3, 034 '5* *! s(0!r+3, +".6. S(0!r '30!r #0'( s'"!r-+s+3.


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USES

Most e!ectroic de4ice caot 6ithstad 4ery hi'h 4o!ta'e ora!terati' curret due to its itese hi'h %o6er. The use of

*atteries i a!! de4ices is ot %ractica! as their re%!ace$et ad

dura*i!ity is a hu'e %ro*!e$ as the de4ise has to *e dis$at!ed each

ti$e for such re%!ace$et. )o these rectifiers are used i $ost oftheelectronic devices like TVs,Radios, Chargers and Lightingsetc.

The co$$o uses of rectifiers are to su%%!y %o!ari7ed 4o!ta'e for

6e!di', detectio of a$%!itude $odu!ated radio si'a!s.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

. HEL3 8R5M TEA2HER) . HEL3 8R5M INTERNET

9. N2ERT TE"TB55K

WEBSITES

66 6. 'oo'!e . co$

66 6 .sc ri* d .co$

66 6 .6 i: i% e d ia .co$
http://www.google.com/http://www.scribd.com/http://www.scribd.com/http://www.scribd.com/http://www.scribd.com/http://www.google.com/


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Physics investigatory project on physics