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Physics for Scientists and Engineers Third Edition

by

Knight

Pearson Education, Inc.

c.2013

1/9/2012


Contents

Chapter 1 Concepts of Motion ................................................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2 Kinematics in One Dimension ............................................................................................. 11

Chapter 3 Vectors and Coordinate Systems ........................................................................................ 34

Chapter 4 Kinematics in Two Dimensions .......................................................................................... 44

Chapter 5 Force and Motion .................................................................................................................. 58

Chapter 6 Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line ....................................................................................... 70

Chapter 7 Newtonʹs Third Law ............................................................................................................. 84

Chapter 8 Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane ......................................................................................... 109

Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum ................................................................................................... 116

Chapter 10 Energy ................................................................................................................................... 121

Chapter 11 Work ..................................................................................................................................... 137

Chapter 12 Rotation of a Rigid Body .................................................................................................... 171

Chapter 13 Newtonʹs Theory of Gravity .............................................................................................. 209

Chapter 14 Oscillations ........................................................................................................................... 222

Chapter 15 Fluids and Elasticity ............................................................................................................ 235

Chapter 16 A Macroscopic Description of Matter .............................................................................. 256

Chapter 17 Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics ...................................................... 266

Chapter 18 The Micro/Macro Connection ............................................................................................ 294

Chapter 19 Heat Engines and Refrigerators ........................................................................................ 304

Chapter 20 Traveling Waves .................................................................................................................. 317

Chapter 21 Superpositions ..................................................................................................................... 332

Chapter 22 Wave Optics ......................................................................................................................... 347

Chapter 23 Ray Optics ............................................................................................................................ 360

Chapter 24 Optical Instruments ............................................................................................................ 378

Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces ............................................................................................... 390

Chapter 26 The Electric Field ................................................................................................................. 400

Chapter 27 Gaussʹs Law ......................................................................................................................... 413

Chapter 28 The Electric Potential .......................................................................................................... 429

Chapter 29 Potential and Field .............................................................................................................. 443

Chapter 30 Current and Resistance....................................................................................................... 465


Chapter 31 Fundamentals of Circuits ................................................................................................... 475

Chapter 32 The Magnetic Field .............................................................................................................. 504

Chapter 33 Electromagnetic Induction ................................................................................................. 543

Chapter 34 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves ................................................................................... 566

Chapter 35 AC Circuits ........................................................................................................................... 581

Chapter 36 Relativity .............................................................................................................................. 593

Chapter 37 The Foundations of Modern Physics ................................................................................ 605

Chapter 38 Quantization ........................................................................................................................ 607

Chapter 39 Wave Functions and Uncertainty ..................................................................................... 620

Chapter 40 One‐Dimensional Quantum Mechanics ........................................................................... 625

Chapter 41 Atomic Physics .................................................................................................................... 633

Chapter 42 Nuclear Physics ................................................................................................................... 643


Chapter 1 Concepts of Motion

1.1 Conceptual Questions

1) The current definition of the standard meter of length is based on

A) the distance between the earthʹs equator and north pole.

B) the distance between the earth and the sun.

C) the distance traveled by light in a vacuum.

D) the length of a particular object kept in France.

Answer: CVar: 1

2) The current definition of the standard second of time is based on

A) the frequency of radiation emitted by cesium atoms.

B) the earthʹs rotation rate.

C) the duration of one year.

D) the oscillation of a particular pendulum kept in France.

Answer: AVar: 1

3) The current definition of the standard kilogram of mass is based on

A) the mass of the earth.

B) the mass of the sun.

C) the mass a particular object kept in France.

D) the mass of a cesium‐133 atom.

Answer: CVar: 1

4) If a woman weighs 125 lb, her mass expressed in kilograms is x kg, where x is

A) less than 125.

B) greater than 125.

Answer: AVar: 1

5) If a tree is 15 m tall, its height expressed in feet is x ft, where x is

A) less than 15.

B) greater than 15.

Answer: BVar: 1

6) If a flower is 6.5 cm wide, its width expressed in millimeters is x mm, where x is

A) less than 6.5.

B) greater than 6.5.

Answer: BVar: 1

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc 1

download instant at http://testbankinstant.comPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, A Strategic Approach, 3e

7) If an operatic aria lasts for 5.75 min, its length expressed in seconds is x s, where x is

A) less than 5.75.

B) greater than 5.75.

Answer: BVar: 1

8) Scientists use the metric system chiefly because it is more accurate than the English system.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

9) When adding two numbers, the number of significant figures in the sum is equal to the

number of significant figures in the least accurate of the numbers being added.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

10) When determining the number of significant figures in a number, zeroes to the left of the

decimal point are never counted.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

1.2 Problems

1) Convert 1.2 × 10-3 to decimal notation.

A) 1.200

B) 0.1200

C) 0.0120

D) 0.0012

E) 0.00012

Answer: DVar: 5

2) Write out the number 7.35 × 10-5 in full with a decimal point and correct number of zeros.

A) 0.00000735

B) 0.0000735

C) 0.000735

D) 0.00735

E) 0.0735

Answer: BVar: 5

2 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

download instant at http://testbankinstant.comChapter 1: Concepts of Motion

3) 0.0001776 can also be expressed as

A) 1.776 × 10-3.

B) 1.776 × 10-4.

C) 17.72 × 104.

D) 1772 × 105.

E) 177.2 × 107.

Answer: BVar: 5

4) 0.00325 × 10-8 cm can also be expressed in mm as

A) 3.25 × 10-12 mm.

B) 3.25 × 10-11 mm.

C) 3.25 × 10-10 mm.

D) 3.25 × 10-9 mm.

E) 3.25 × 10-8 mm.

Answer: CVar: 1

5) If, in a parallel universe, π has the value 3.14149, express π in that universe to four significant

figures.

A) 3.141

B) 3.142

C) 3.1415

D) 3.1414

Answer: AVar: 1

6) The number 0.003010 has

A) 7 significant figures.

B) 6 significant figures.

C) 4 significant figures.

D) 2 significant figures.

Answer: CVar: 1

7) What is 0.674

0.74 to the proper number of significant figures?

A) 0.91

B) 0.911

C) 0.9108

D) 0.9

Answer: AVar: 50+



8) What is the value of π(8.104)2, written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 206.324

B) 206.323

C) 206.3

D) 206

E) 200

Answer: CVar: 1

9) What is the sum of 1123 and 10.3 written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 1.13 × 103

B) 1133.3000

C) 1.1 × 103

D) 1133.3

E) 1133

Answer: EVar: 1

10) What is the sum of 1.53 + 2.786 + 3.3 written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 8

B) 7.6

C) 7.62

D) 7.616

E) 7.6160

Answer: BVar: 3

11) What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24 written with the correct number of significant

figures?

A) 1

B) 1.3

C) 1.26

D) 1.260

E) 1.2600

Answer: BVar: 3

12) What is the product of 11.24 and 1.95 written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 22

B) 21.9

C) 21.92

D) 21.918

E) 21.9180

Answer: BVar: 3



13) What is the result of 1.58 ÷ 3.793 written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 4.1656 × 10-1

B) 4.166 × 10-1

C) 4.17 × 10-1

D) 4.2 × 10-1

E) 4 × 10-1

Answer: CVar: 3

14) What is 34 + (3) × (1.2465) written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 37.7

B) 37.74

C) 4 × 101

D) 38

E) 37.7395

Answer: DVar: 5

15) What is 56 + (32.00)/(1.2465 + 3.45) written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 62.8

B) 62.812

C) 62.81

D) 63

E) 62.8123846

Answer: DVar: 1

16) Add 3685 g and 66.8 kg and express your answer in milligrams (mg).

A) 7.05 × 107 mg

B) 7.05 × 104 mg

C) 7.05 × 105 mg

D) 7.05 × 106 mg

Answer: AVar: 50+

17) Express (4.3 × 106)-1/2 in scientific notation.

A) 4.8 × 10-4

B) 2.1 × 103

C) 2.1 × 10-5

D) 2.1 × 104

Answer: AVar: 40



18) What is 0.2052/3, expressed to the proper number of significant figures?

A) 0.348

B) 0.35

C) 0.3

D) 0.3477

Answer: AVar: 50+

19) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. Multiplying, your

calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of

significant figures, the area should be written as

A) 0.7 m2.

B) 0.68 m2.

C) 0.682 m2.

D) 0.6818 m2.

E) 0.68175 m2.

Answer: CVar: 1

20) The following exact conversion equivalents are given: 1 m = 100 cm , 1 in = 2.54 cm, and

1 ft = 12 in. If a computer screen has an area of 1.27 ft2, this area is closest to

A) 0.00284 m2.

B) 0.0465 m2.

C) 0.118 m2.

D) 0.284 m2.

E) 4.65 m2.

Answer: CVar: 1

21) In addition to 1 m = 39.37 in., the following exact conversion equivalents are given:

1 mile = 5280 ft , 1 ft = 12 in , 1 hour = 60 min, and 1 min = 60 s. If a particle has a velocity of

8.4 miles per hour,its velocity, in m/s, is closest to

A) 3.8 m/s.

B) 3.0 m/s.

C) 3.4 m/s.

D) 4.1 m/s.

E) 4.5 m/s.

Answer: AVar: 50+

22) A weight lifter can bench press 171 kg. How many milligrams (mg) is this?

A) 1.71 × 108 mg

B) 1.71 × 109 mg

C) 1.71 × 107 mg

D) 1.71 × 106 mg

Answer: AVar: 50+



23) How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one calculation if it performs

6.7 × 107 calculations per second?

A) 15 ns

B) 67 ns

C) 11 ns

D) 65 ns

Answer: AVar: 50+

24) The shortest wavelength of visible light is approximately 400 nm. Express this wavelength in

centimeters.

A) 4 × 10-5 cm

B) 4 × 10-7 cm

C) 4 × 10-9 cm

D) 4 × 10-11 cm

E) 400 × 10-11 cm

Answer: AVar: 1

25) The wavelength of a certain laser is 0.35 micrometers, where 1 micrometer = 1 × 10-6 m.

Express this wavelength in nanometers.

A) 3.5 × 102 nm

B) 3.5 × 103 nm

C) 3.5 × 101 nm

D) 3.5 × 104 nm

Answer: AVar: 50+

26) A certain CD-ROM disk can store approximately 6.0 × 102 megabytes of information, where

106 bytes = 1 megabyte. If an average word requires 9.0 bytes of storage, how many words

can be stored on one disk?

A) 6.7 × 107 words

B) 5.4 × 109 words

C) 2.1 × 107 words

D) 2.0 × 109 words

Answer: AVar: 9

27) A plot of land contains 5.8 acres. How many square meters does it contain? [1 acre = 43,560 ft2]

A) 2.3 × 104 m2

B) 7.1 × 103 m2

C) 7.0 × 104 m2

D) 5.0 × 104 m2

Answer: AVar: 50+



28) A person on a diet loses 1.6 kg in a week. How many micrograms/second (μg/s) are lost?

A) 2.6 × 103 μg/s

B) 1.6 × 105 μg/s

C) 44 μg/s

D) 6.4 × 104 μg/s

Answer: AVar: 11

29) Albert uses as his unit of length (for walking to visit his neighbors or plowing his fields) the

albert (A), the distance Albert can throw a small rock. One albert is 92 meters. How many

square alberts is equal to one acre? (1 acre = 43,560 ft2 = 4050 m2)

Answer: 1.29 A2

Var: 50+

30) Convert a speed of 4.50 km/h to units of ft/min. (1.00 m = 3.28 ft)

A) 0.246 ft/min

B) 82.3 ft/min

C) 165 ft/min

D) 246 ft/min

E) 886 ft/min

Answer: DVar: 1

31) The exhaust fan on a typical kitchen stove pulls 600 CFM (cubic feet per minute) through the

filter. Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm, how many cubic meters per second does this fan pull?

A) 0.283 m3/sec

B) 0.328 m3/sec

C) 3.05 m3/sec

D) 32.8 m3/sec

Answer: AVar: 1

32) The mass of a typical adult woman is closest to

A) 20 kg.

B) 35 kg.

C) 75 kg.

D) 150 kg.

Answer: CVar: 1

33) The height of the ceiling in a typical home, apartment, or dorm room is closest to

A) 100 cm.

B) 200 cm.

C) 400 cm.

D) 500 cm.

Answer: BVar: 1



34) Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a year?

A) 4 × 105

B) 4 × 106

C) 4 × 107

D) 4 × 108

E) 4 × 109

Answer: CVar: 1

35) Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a lifetime?

A) 3 × 1011

B) 3 × 1010

C) 3 × 109

D) 3 × 108

E) 3 × 107

Answer: CVar: 1

36) Approximately how many pennies would you have to stack to reach an average 8-foot

ceiling?

A) 2 × 102

B) 2 × 103

C) 2 × 104

D) 2 × 105

E) 2 x 106

Answer: BVar: 1

37) Estimate the number of times the earth will rotate on its axis during a humanʹs lifetime.

A) 3 × 104

B) 3 × 105

C) 3 × 106

D) 3 × 107

E) 3 x 108

Answer: AVar: 1

38) Estimate the number of pennies that would fit in a box one foot long by one foot wide by one

foot tall.

A) 5 × 102

B) 5 × 103

C) 5 × 104

D) 5 × 105

E) 5 x 106

Answer: CVar: 1



39) A marathon is 26 mi and 385 yd long. Estimate how many strides would be required to run a

marathon. Assume a reasonable value for the average number of feet/stride.

A) 4.5 × 104 strides

B) 4.5 × 103 strides

C) 4.5 × 105 strides

D) 4.5 × 106 strides

Answer: AVar: 1

40) The period of a pendulum is the time it takes the pendulum to swing back and forth once. If

the only dimensional quantities that the period depends on are the acceleration of gravity, g,

and the length of the pendulum, ℓ, what combination of g and ℓ must the period be

proportional to? (Acceleration has SI units of m · s-2.).

A) g/ℓ

B) gℓ2

C) gℓ

D) gℓ

E) ℓ/g

Answer: EVar: 1

41) The speed of a wave pulse on a string depends on the tension, F, in the string and the mass per

unit length, μ, of the string. Tension has SI units of kg · m · s-2 and the mass per unit length

has SI units of kg · m-1. What combination of F and μ must the speed of the wave be

proportional to?

A) F / μ

B) μ / F

C) μ / F

D) μF

E) F / μ

Answer: AVar: 1

42) The position x, in meters, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt + Ct2, where t

represents time in seconds. What are the SI units of A, B, and C?

A) m, m, m

B) m, s, s

C) m, s, s2

D) m, m/s, m/s2

E) m/s, m/s2, m/s3

Answer: AVar: 1



Chapter 2 Kinematics in One Dimension


1) If the acceleration of an object is negative, the object must be slowing down.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

2) If the graph of the position as a function of time for an object is a horizontal line, that object

cannot be accelerating.

A) True

B) False

Answer: AVar: 1

3) If an object is accelerating toward a point, then it must be getting closer and closer to that

point.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

4) When can we be certain that the average velocity of an object is always equal to its

instantaneous velocity?

A) always

B) never

C) only when the velocity is constant

D) only when the acceleration is constant

E) only when the acceleration is changing at a constant rate

Answer: CVar: 1

5) Suppose that an object is moving with constant nonzero acceleration. Which of the following is

an accurate statement concerning its motion?

A) In equal times its speed changes by equal amounts.

B) In equal times its velocity changes by equal amounts.

C) In equal times it moves equal distances.

D) A graph of its position as a function of time has a constant slope.

E) A graph of its velocity as a function of time is a horizontal line.

Answer: BVar: 1



6) Suppose that a car traveling to the west (the -x direction) begins to slow down as it

approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration in the x direction is

correct?

A) Both its acceleration and its velocity are positive.

B) Both its acceleration and its velocity are negative.

C) Its acceleration is positive but its velocity is negative.

D) Its acceleration is negative but its velocity is positive.

Answer: CVar: 1

7) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity versus time graph shown in the figure. We

can say that its speed

A) increases.

B) decreases.

C) increases and then decreases.

D) decreases and then increases.

Answer: DVar: 1

8) The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are represented by the velocity‐time

graphs in the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0. At time T,

what is true about these two vehicles since time t = 0?

A) The truck will have traveled further than the car.

B) The car will have traveled further than the truck.

C) The truck and the car will have traveled the same distance.

D) The car will be traveling faster than the truck.

Answer: AVar: 1


download instant at http://testbankinstant.comChapter 2: Kinematics in One Dimension

9) The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters H‐L

represent particular moments of time. At which moments shown (H, I, etc.) is the speed of the

object

(a) the greatest?

(b) the smallest?

Answer: (a) J (b) IVar: 1

10) The figure shows the position of an object (moving along a straight line) as a function of time.

Assume two significant figures in each number. Which of the following statements about this

object is true over the interval shown?

A) The object is accelerating to the left.

B) The object is accelerating to the right.

C) The acceleration of the object is in the same direction as its velocity.

D) The average speed of the object is 1.0 m/s.

Answer: AVar: 1



11) The figure shows the graph of the position x as a function of time for an object moving in the

straight line (the x-axis). Which of the following graphs best describes the velocity along the

x-axis as a function of time for this object?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Answer: DVar: 1



12) An object is moving with constant non‐zero acceleration along the +x‐axis. A graph of the

velocity in the x direction as a function of time for this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.

B) a vertical straight line.

C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.

D) a parabolic curve.

Answer: DVar: 1



13) An object is moving in a straight line along the x-axis. A plot of its velocity in the x direction

as a function of time is shown in the figure. Which graph represents its acceleration in the x

direction as a function of time?

A)

B)



C)

D)

E)

Answer: CVar: 1



14) An object starts its motion with a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s toward the east. After 3.0 s, the

object stops for 1.0 s. The object then moves toward the west a distance of 2.0 m in 3.0 s. The

object continues traveling in the same direction, but increases its speed by 1.0 m/s for the next

2.0 s. Which graph below could represent the motion of this object?

A)

B)

C)



D)

Answer: DVar: 1

15) The figure shows the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x‐axis. What is the direction of

the acceleration at t = 0.5 s?

A) in the +x direction

B) in the -x direction

C) The acceleration is zero.

Answer: BVar: 1



16) The figure represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x‐axis. At what value (or

values) of t is the instantaneous acceleration equal to zero?

A) t = 0

B) t = 0.5 s and t = 2 s

C) t = 1 s

Answer: CVar: 1

17) A ball is thrown directly upward and experiences no air resistance. Which one of the following

statements about its motion is correct?

A) The acceleration of the ball is upward while it is traveling up and downward while it is

traveling down.

B) The acceleration of the ball is downward while it is traveling up and upward while it is

traveling down.

C) The acceleration is downward during the entire time the ball is in the air.

D) The acceleration of the ball is downward while it is traveling up and downward while it

is traveling down but is zero at the highest point when the ball stops.

Answer: CVar: 1

18) Two objects are thrown from the top of a tall building and experience no appreciable air

resistance. One is thrown up, and the other is thrown down, both with the same initial speed.

What are their speeds when they hit the street?

A) The one thrown up is traveling faster.

B) The one thrown down is traveling faster.

C) They are traveling at the same speed.

Answer: CVar: 1

19) Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart, and experience no

appreciable air resistance. As time progresses, the DIFFERENCE in their speeds

A) increases.

B) remains constant.

C) decreases.

D) increases at first, but then stays constant.

E) decreases at first, but then stays constant.

Answer: BVar: 1



20) Which one of the following graphs could possibly represent the vertical position as a function

of time for an object in free fall?

A)

B)

C)



D)

E)

Answer: DVar: 1

2.2 Problems

1) A cat runs along a straight line (the x-axis) from point A to point B to point C, as shown in the

figure. The distance between points A and C is 5.00 m, the distance between points B and C is

10.0 m, and the positive direction of the x-axis points to the right. The time to run from A to B

is 20.0 s, and the time from B to C is 8.00 s. As the cat runs along the x-axis between points A

and C

(a) what is the magnitude of its average velocity?

(b) what is its average speed?

Answer: (a) 0.179 m/s (b) 0.893 m/sVar: 1



2) The figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. During the time interval from

time t = 0.0 s and time t = 9.0 s

(a) what is the length of the path the object followed?

(b) what is the displacement of the object?

Answer: (a) 5.0 m (b) 1.0 mVar: 1

3) As part of an exercise program, a woman walks south at a speed of 2.00 m/s for 60.0 minutes.

She then turns around and walks north a distance 3000 m in 25.0 minutes

(a) What is the womanʹs average velocity during her entire motion?

A) 0.824 m/s south

B) 1.93 m/s south

C) 2.00 m/s south

D) 1.79 m/s south

E) 800 m/s south

(b) What is the womanʹs average speed during her entire motion?

A) 0.824 m/s

B) 1.93 m/s

C) 2.00 m/s

D) 1.79 m/s

E) 800 m/s

Answer: (a) A (b) CVar: 1



4) The figure shows the position of an object as a function of time, with all numbers accurate to

two significant figures. Between time t = 0.0 s and time t = 9.0 s

(a) what is the average speed of the object?

(b) what is the average velocity of the object?


5) If the fastest you can safely drive is 65 mi/h, what is the longest time you can stop for dinner if

you must travel 541 mi in 9.6 h total?

A) 1.0 h

B) 1.3 h

C) 1.4 h

D) You canʹt stop at all.

Answer: BVar: 50+

6) Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a

speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. Their dog, Spot, starts by Arthurʹs side at the

same time and runs back and forth between them at 5.0 m/s. By the time Arthur and Betty

meet, what distance has Spot run?

Answer: 100 mVar: 1



7) A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers

spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a

speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling

at 70 km/h?

A) Before marker 1

B) At marker 1

C) Between marker 1 and marker 2

Answer: AVar: 1

8) The figure represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. Between t = 2 s

and t = 4 s, what is (a) the average speed of the particle and (b) the average velocity of the

particle?




9) The figure shows a graph of the velocity as a function of time for a basketball player traveling

up and down the court in a straight-line path. for the 10 s shown on the graph, find

(a) the net displacement of the player.

(b) the total distance run by the player.

Answer: (a) 18 m (b) 20 mVar: 1

10) The position of an object as a function of time is given by x = bt2 - ct, where b = 2.0 m/s2 and

c = 6.7 m/s, and x and t are in SI units. What is the instantaneous velocity of the object when

t = 2.2?

A) 1.7 m/s

B) 2.1 m/s

C) 2.3 m/s

D) 2.7 m/s

Answer: BVar: 22

11) The position of an object is given by x = at3 - bt2 + ct, where a = 4.1 m/s3, b = 2.2 m/s2,

c = 1.7 m/s, and x and t are in SI units. What is the instantaneous acceleration of the object

when t = 0.7 s?

A) -13 m/s2

B) 2.9 m/s2

C) 4.6 m/s2

D) 13 m/s2

Answer: DVar: 36



12) The velocity of an object as a function of time is given by v(t) = 2.00 m/s + (3.00 m/s) t - (1.0

m/s2) t2. Determine the instantaneous acceleration of the object at time t = 5.00 s.

A) -8.00 m/s2

B) -7.00 m/s2

C) 2.00 m/s2

D) 0.00 m/s2

E) -2.00 m/s2

Answer: BVar: 5

13) The position of an object as a function of time is given by x(t) = at3 - bt2 + ct - d, where

a = 3.6 m/s3, b = 4.0 m/s2, c = 60 m/s and d = 7.0 m.

(a) Find the instantaneous acceleration at t =2.4 s.

(b) Find the average acceleration over the first 2.4 seconds.

Answer: (a) 44 m/s2

(b) 18 m/s2

Var: 1

14) The velocity of an object is given by the expression v(t) = 3.00 m/s + (4.00 m/s3)t2, where t is in

seconds. Determine the position of the object as a function of time if it is located at x = 1.00 m

at time t = 0.000 s.

A) (4.00 m/s)t + 1.00 m

B) (3.00 m/s)t + (1.33 m/s3)t3

C) (4.00 m/s)t

D) 1.33 m

E) 1.00 m + (3.00 m/s)t + (1.33 m/s3)t3

Answer: EVar: 5

15) The acceleration of an object as a function of time is given by a(t) = (3.00 m/s3)t, where t is in

seconds. If the object is at rest at time t = 0.00 s, what is the velocity of the object at time t =

6.00 s?

A) 18.0 m/s

B) 54.0 m/s

C) 0.00 m/s

D) 15.0 m/s

E) 108 m/s

Answer: BVar: 5



16) The acceleration of an object as a function of time is given by a(t) = (3.00 m/s3)t, where t is in

seconds. If the object has a velocity 1.00 m/s at time t = 1.00 s, what is the displacement of the

object between time t = 2.00 s and time t = 4.00 s?

A) 33.0 m

B) 30.0 m

C) 36.0 m

D) 27.0 m

Answer: DVar: 1

17) A car accelerates from 10.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s at a rate of 3.00 m/s2. How far does the car travel

while accelerating?

A) 80.0 m

B) 133 m

C) 226 m

D) 399 m

Answer: BVar: 50+

18) A dragster starts from rest and travels 1/4 mi in 6.70 s with constant acceleration. What is its

velocity when it crosses the finish line?

A) 296 mi/h

B) 269 mi/h

C) 188 mi/h

D) 135 mi/h

Answer: BVar: 40

19) A airplane that is flying level needs to accelerate from a speed of 2.00 × 102 m/s to a speed of

2.40 × 102 m/s while it flies a distance of 1.20 km. What must be the acceleration of the plane?

A) 4.44 m/s2

B) 2.45 m/s2

C) 7.33 m/s2

D) 5.78 m/s2

E) 1.34 m/s2

Answer: CVar: 1

20) A runner maintains constant acceleration after starting from rest as she runs a distance of 60.0

m. The runnerʹs speed at the end of the 60.0 m is 9.00 m/s. How much time did it take the

runner to complete the 60.0 m distance?

A) 6.67 s

B) 15.0 s

C) 9.80 s

D) 10.2 s

E) 13.3 s

Answer: AVar: 1



21) An object starts from rest at time t = 0.00 s and moves in the +x direction with constant

acceleration. The object travels 12.0 m from time t = 1.00 s to time t = 2.00 s. What is the

acceleration of the object?

A) -12.0 m/s2

B) 24.0 m/s2

C) -4.00 m/s2

D) 4.00 m/s2

E) 8.00 m/s2

Answer: EVar: 5

22) A car starts from rest and accelerates with a constant acceleration of 1.00 m/s2 for 3.00 s. The

car continues for 5.00 s at constant velocity. How far has the car traveled from its starting

point?

A) 24.0 m

B) 9.00 m

C) 19.5 m

D) 4.50 m

E) 15.0 m

Answer: CVar: 1

23) A ball rolls across a floor with an acceleration of 0.100 m/s2 in a direction opposite to its

velocity. The ball has a velocity of 4.00 m/s after rolling a distance 6.00 m across the floor.

What was the initial speed of the ball?

A) 4.15 m/s

B) 5.85 m/s

C) 4.60 m/s

D) 5.21 m/s

E) 3.85 m/s

Answer: AVar: 1

24) A car is 200 m from a stop sign and traveling toward the sign at 40.0 m/s. At this time, the

driver suddenly realizes that she must stop the car. If it takes 0.200 s for the driver to apply the

brakes, what must be the magnitude of the constant acceleration of the car after the brakes are

applied so that the car will come to rest at the stop sign?

A) 2.89 m/s2

B) 3.89 m/s2

C) 4.17 m/s2

D) 3.42 m/s2

E) 2.08 m/s2

Answer: CVar: 1



25) A speeding car is traveling at a constant 30.0 m/s when it passes a stationary police car. If the

police car delays for 1.00 s before starting, what must be the magnitude of the constant

acceleration of the police car to catch the speeding car after the police car travels a distance of

300 m?

A) 6.00 m/s2

B) 3.00 m/s2

C) 7.41 m/s2

D) 1.45 m/s2

E) 3.70 m/s2

Answer: CVar: 1

26) A soccer ball is released from rest at the top of a grassy incline. After 8.6 seconds, the ball

travels 87 meters and 1.0 s after this, the ball reaches the bottom of the incline.

(a) What was the magnitude of the ballʹs acceleration, assume it to be constant?

(b) How long was the incline?

Answer: a) 2.4 m/s2 b) 110 mVar: 50+

27) A package is dropped from a helicopter moving upward at 15 m/s. If it takes 16.0 s before the

package strikes the ground, how high above the ground was the package when it was released

if air resistance is negligible?

A) 810 m

B) 1000 m

C) 1200 m

D) 1500 m

Answer: BVar: 25

28) A ball is projected upward at time t = 0.0 s, from a point on a roof 90 m above the ground. The

ball rises, then falls and strikes the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 36.2 m/s if air

resistance is negligible. The time when the ball strikes the ground is closest to

A) 9.4 s

B) 9.0 s

C) 8.7 s

D) 9.7 s

E) 10 s

Answer: AVar: 50+

29) At the same moment from the top of a building 3.0 × 102 m tall, one rock is dropped and one is

thrown downward with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Both of them experience negligible air

resistance. How much EARLIER does the thrown rock strike the ground?

A) 0.95 s

B) 0.86 s

C) 0.67 s

D) They land at exactly the same time.

Answer: AVar: 21



30) Two identical objects A and B fall from rest from different heights to the ground and feel no

appreciable air resistance. If object B takes TWICE as long as object A to reach the ground,

what is the ratio of the heights from which A and B fell?

A) hA/hB = 1/ 2

B) hA/hB = 1/2

C) hA/hB = 1/4

D) hA/hB = 1/8

Answer: CVar: 1

31) A foul ball is hit straight up into the air with a speed of 30.0 m/s.

(a) Calculate the time required for the ball to rise to its maximum height.

(b) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

(c) Determine the time at which the ball pass a point 25.0 m above the point of contact

between the bat and ball.

(d) Explain why there are two answers to part (c).

Answer: (a) 3.06 s (b) 45.9 m (c) 0.995 s and 5.13

(d) One value is for the ball traveling upward; one value is for the ball traveling

downward.Var: 1

32) A rock is dropped from the top of a vertical cliff and takes 3.00 s to reach the ground below the

cliff. A second rock is thrown vertically from the cliff, and it takes this rock 2.00 s to reach the

ground below the cliff from the time it is released. With what velocity was the second rock

thrown, assuming no air resistance?

A) 4.76 m/s upward

B) 5.51 m/s downward

C) 12.3 m/s upward

D) 4.76 m/s downward

E) 12.3 m/s downward

Answer: EVar: 1

33) To determine the height of a flagpole, Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees

that the ball goes by the top of the pole after 0.50 s and then reaches the top of the pole again

after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. How high is the pole above the point where the ball was

launched? (You can ignore air resistance.)

A) 10 m

B) 13 m

C) 16 m

D) 18 m

E) 26 m

Answer: AVar: 1



34) A test rocket is fired straight up from rest with a net acceleration of 20.0 m/s2. After 4.00

seconds the motor turns off, but the rocket continues to coast upward with no appreciable air

resistance. What maximum elevation does the rocket reach?

A) 487 m

B) 327 m

C) 320 m

D) 408 m

E) 160 m

Answer: AVar: 1

35) A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level (y = 0.00 m), at time t = 0.00 s. The rocket

engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine

burnout, the rocket has risen to 72 m and acquired a velocity of 30 m/s. The rocket continues

to rise in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground with

negligible air resistance. The speed of the rocket upon impact on the ground is closest to

A) 48 m/s

B) 44 m/s

C) 39 m/s

D) 54 m/s

E) 59 m/s

Answer: AVar: 50+

36) A ball is projected upward at time t = 0.00 s, from a point on a roof 70 m above the ground and

experiences negligible air resistance. The ball rises, then falls and strikes the ground. The initial

velocity of the ball is 28.5 m/s. Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction. The

velocity of the ball when it is 39 m above the ground is closest to

A) -38 m/s.

B) -30 m/s.

C) -23 m/s.

D) -15 m/s.

E) -45 m/s.

Answer: AVar: 50+

37) On the earth, when an astronaut throws a 0.250-kg stone vertically upward, it returns to his

hand a time T later. On planet X he finds that, under the same circumstances, the stone returns

to his hand in 2T. In both cases, he throws the stone with the same initial velocity and it feels

negligible air resistance. The acceleration due to gravity on planet X (in terms of g) is

A) g/4.

B) g/2.

C) g/ 2.

D) g 2.

E) 2g.

Answer: BVar: 1



38) Two identical stones are dropped from rest and feel no air resistance as they fall. Stone A is

dropped from height h, and stone B is dropped from height 2h. If stone A takes time t to reach

the ground, stone B will take time

A) 4t.

B) 2t.

C) t 2.

D) t/ 2.

E) t/2.

Answer: CVar: 1

39) A rock is thrown directly upward from the edge of the roof of a building that is 66.2 meters

tall. The rock misses the building on its way down, and is observed to strike the ground 4.00

seconds after being thrown. Neglect any effects of air resistance. With what speed was the rock

thrown?

Answer: 3.05 m/sVar: 50+

40) A rocket takes off vertically from the launchpad with no initial velocity but a constant upward

acceleration of 2.25 m/s2. At 15.4 s after blastoff, the engines fail completely so the only force

on the rocket from then on is the pull of gravity.

(a) What is the maximum height the rocket will reach above the launchpad?

(b) How fast is the rocket moving at the instant before it crashes onto the launchpad?

(c) How long after engine failure does it take for the rocket to crash onto the launchpad?

Answer: (a) 328 m (b) 80.2 m/s (c) 11.7 sVar: 1



Chapter 3 Vectors and Coordinate Systems


1) Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A) The magnitude of a vector can be zero even though one of its components is not zero.

B) It is possible to add a scalar quantity to a vector.

C) Even though two vectors have unequal magnitudes, it is possible that their vector sum is

zero.

D) Rotating a vector about an axis passing through the tip of the vector does not change the

vector.

E) The magnitude of a vector is independent of the coordinate system used.

Answer: EVar: 1

2) If A - B = 0, then the vectors A and B have equal magnitudes and are directed in the

opposite directions from each other.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

3) Under what condition is |A - B | = A + B?

A) The magnitude of vector B is zero.

B) Vectors A and B are in opposite directions.

C) Vectors A and B are in the same direction.

D) Vectors A and B are in perpendicular directions.

E) The statement is never true.

Answer: BVar: 1

4) If A > B, under what condition is | A - B | = A - B?

A) The statement is never true.

B) Vectors A and B are in opposite directions.

C) Vectors A and B are in the same direction.

D) Vectors A and B re in perpendicular directions.

E) The statement is always true.

Answer: CVar: 1


download instant at http://testbankinstant.comChapter 3: Vectors and Coordinate Systems

5) For the vectors shown in the figure, express vector S in terms of vectors M and N .

Answer: S = M - NVar: 1

6) The magnitude of a vector can never be less than the magnitude of one of its components.

A) True

B) False

Answer: AVar: 1

7) If the magnitude of vector A is less than the magnitude of vector B , then the x component of

A is less than the x component of B .

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1

8) If the eastward component of vector A is equal to the westward component of vector B and

their northward components are equal. Which one of the following statements about these two

vectors is correct?

A) Vector A is parallel to vector B .

B) Vectors A and B point in opposite directions.

C) Vector A is perpendicular to vector B .

D) The magnitude of vector A is equal to the magnitude of vector B .

E) The magnitude of vector A is twice the magnitude of vector B .

Answer: DVar: 1

9) If all the components of a vector are equal to 1, then that vector is a unit vector.

A) True

B) False

Answer: BVar: 1



3.2 Problems

1) You walk 55 m to the north, then turn 60° to your right and walk another 45 m. How far are

you from where you originally started?

A) 87 m

B) 50 m

C) 94 m

D) 46 m

Answer: AVar: 31

2) Vectors A and B are shown in the figure. Vector C is given by C = B - A . The magnitude of

vector A is 16.0 units, and the magnitude of vector B is 7.00 units. What is the magnitude of

vector C ?

A) 9.00

B) 9.53

C) 15.5

D) 16.2

E) 17.5

Answer: DVar: 1


download instant at http://testbankinstant.comChapter 3: Vectors and Coordinate Systems

3) Vectors A and B are shown in the figure. Vector C is given by C = B - A . The magnitude of

vector A is 16.0 units, and the magnitude of vector B is 7.00 units. What is the angle of vector

C , measured counterclockwise from the +x-axis?

A) 16.9°

B) 22.4°

C) 73.1°

D) 287°

E) 292°

Answer: DVar: 1

4) A rabbit trying to escape a fox runs north for 8.0 m, darts northwest for 1.0 m, then drops 1.0 m

down a hole into its burrow. What is the magnitude of the net displacement of the rabbit?

A) 8.8 m

B) 8.1 m

C) 66 m

D) 10 m

Answer: AVar: 50+

5) You walk 53 m to the north, then turn 60° to your right and walk another 45 m. Determine the

direction of your displacement vector. Express your answer as an angle relative to east.

A) 63° N of E

B) 50° N of E

C) 57° N of E

D) 69° N of E

Answer: AVar: 50+



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