Physical Props

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    Physical Properties of OrganicCompounds

    Review of Intermolecular Forces ofReview of Intermolecular Forces of

     Attraction (IFAs) Attraction (IFAs)1. London Dispersion Forces

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    Review of Intermolecular Forces ofReview of Intermolecular Forces of

     Attraction (IFAs) Attraction (IFAs)2. Dipole-dipole Interaction

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    Review of Intermolecular Forces ofReview of Intermolecular Forces of

     Attraction (IFAs) Attraction (IFAs)3. -!onding

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    "elting Point and #oiling Point

    #oiling Point - the temperature at which the

    liquid form of compoundbecomes a gas (vaporizes)"elting Point - the temperature at which asolid is converted into aliquid

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    1. Polarity of Molecule

    - higher polarity higher melting!boiling point

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    $rends in #oling and "elting Points

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    1. Polarity of Molecule

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    $rends in #oling and "elting Points

    CH3   CH2   CH3   H2C CH CH3

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    1. Polarity of Molecule

    HC C CH3

    ". Molecular #ize!$eight

    - %ncrease M$& increase in boiling!meltingpoint'. ethanol n-pentanol n-heanol

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    $rends in #oling and "elting Points

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    . *ranching

    - %ncrease branching& decrease boiling!meltingpoint- eample+ n-pentane vs. neopentane

    ,. %ntramolecular -bonding

    - presence of intramolecular -bondingdecreases boiling!melting point

    - eample+ o-hydroy benzoic acid vs. p-hydroybenzoic acid

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    $rends in #oling and "elting Points

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    . Molecular symmetry

    - #ymmetrical molecules have lower boilingpoint and higher melting point as compared

    to unsymmetrical molecules

    ClCl   Cl

    Cl

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    - indicates how readily an electron cloud canbe distorted

    $rends in #oling and "elting Points

    Factors Afecting Boiling and Melting Points

    /. Polarizability

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    $rends in %olu!ility

    Classication o Solvents

    polar vs. nonpolar

    protic vs. aprotic

    Factors Afecting Solubility 1. 0ature of the #olute

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    $rends in %olu!ility

    Factors Afecting Solubility 

    ". arbon-chain length

    - increase -chain length decrease watersolubility

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    $rends in %olu!ility

    Factors Afecting Solubility 

    . *ranching

    ,. %ntramolecular -bonding

    - n-butanol vs. tert-butyl alcohol

    - Presence increases water solubility

    - Presence decreases water solubility

    - eample+ o-hydroy benzoic acid vs. p-hydroy

    benzoic acid

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    &'amples(