phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc TrinhBayC7.ppt

7/28/2019 phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc TrinhBayC7.ppt

1/26

Chng 7:Chng 7: CC PHNG PHP NH TNHCC PHNG PHP NH TNH Muc ch cua chng nay la giMuc ch cua chng nay la gii thii thiuu cccc

phng phpphng php nghinnghin ccuu nh tnh, phan bietnh tnh, phan biet

gia phng phapgia phng phap nghin cunghin cu nh tnh vanh tnh vaphphngng php nghin cuphp nghin cu nh lng.nh lng.Cac noi dung chnh trong chng nay bao gom:Cac noi dung chnh trong chng nay bao gom:

7.17.1--Phng phap nh tnh, s khac biet giaPhng phap nh tnh, s khac biet giacac phng phap nh tnh va nh lngcac phng phap nh tnh va nh lng

7.27.2-- KhiKhi no p dng cc phng php nghinno p dng cc phng php nghincu nh tnhcu nh tnh

7.37.3--CCc dng cac dng ca phng php nh tnhphng php nh tnh

7.47.4--Phn tch s liu nh tnhPhn tch s liu nh tnh


2/26

7.17.1--S khac biet gia cac phng phap nhS khac biet gia cac phng phap nhtnh va nh lngtnh va nh lng

Trong cac nghien cu co hai loai phng phapTrong cac nghien cu co hai loai phng phapthng c ap dung o lathng c ap dung o la phng phap nhphng phap nhlng va phng phap nh tnhlng va phng phap nh tnh. S khac biet. S khac biet

chnh gia nghien cu nh lng va nghienchnh gia nghien cu nh lng va nghiencu nh tnhcu nh tnh khong phai chat ma thu tuckhong phai chat ma thu tuc

TrongTrong nghien cu nh tnh, cac ket qua khamnghien cu nh tnh, cac ket qua khampha khong tm qua cac phng phap thong kepha khong tm qua cac phng phap thong kehoac cachoac cac thu tuc khac cua viec nh lngthu tuc khac cua viec nh lng..


3/26

7.17.1--S khac biet gia cac phng phap nhS khac biet gia cac phng phap nh

tnh va nh lng (tt)tnh va nh lng (tt) S khac biet gia cac phng phap nh lngS khac biet gia cac phng phap nh lng

va nh tnh khong ch lava nh tnh khong ch la van e xac nh sovan e xac nh solnglng, ma con la s phan anh, ma con la s phan anh khac nhau vekhac nhau vekien thc va muc ch nghien cukien thc va muc ch nghien cu..

hunghung tata coco thethe nghiennghien cucu hanhhanh vi,vi, ss kien,kien,chcchc nangnang toto chc,chc, moimoi trngtrng xaxa hoi,hoi, phanphan ngngvava caccac quanquan hehe kinhkinh tete.. TrongTrong motmot soso nghiennghien

cucu nhnh vayvay soso lieulieu coco thethe cc nhnh lng,lng,nhngnhng phanphan tchtch tt nono lala nhnh tnhtnh,, changchang hanhannhnh caccac baobao caocao tongtong ketket ieuieu tratra soso lieulieu cc

nhnh lng,lng, nhngnhng phanphan tchtch momo tata lala nhnh tnhtnh..


4/26

7.17.1--S khac biet gia cac phng phap nhS khac biet gia cac phng phap nhtnh va nh lng (tt)tnh va nh lng (tt)

iemiem chungchung chocho caccac nhanha nghiennghien cucu ee thuthu thapthap

dd lieulieu chocho nghiennghien cucu cuacua hoho lala thongthong quaqua quanquansatsat vava phongphong vanvan,, ayay lala caccac phngphng phapphap coco

uanuan hehe vivi n hienn hien cucu nh nh tnhtnh

NhngNhng nhanha nghiennghien cucu cungcung coco thethe mama hoahoa ddlieulieu thuthu thapthap theotheo motmot kieukieu hnhhnh naonao oo mama coco

thethe chocho phepphep phanphan tchtch thongthong keke.. VaVa vv vayvay caccacphngphng phapphap nhnh lnglng vava nhnh tnhtnh khongkhong loailoaitrtr lanlan nhaunhau..


5/26

7.17.1--S khac biet gia cac phng phap nhS khac biet gia cac phng phap nh

tnh va nh lng (tt)tnh va nh lng (tt) NghienNghien cucu nhnh tnhtnh thngthng taptap trungtrung vaovao quaqua

trnhtrnh xaxa hoihoi vava khongkhong dada vaovao caccac caucau tructruc xaxahoihoi gionggiong nhnh caccac trngtrng hphp nghiennghien cucu nhnhlnglng.. CacCac kyky nangnang cancan chocho nghiennghien cucu nhnh tnhtnh

tnhtnh phephe phanphan.. MacMac dudu aa so so caccac nhanha nghiennghien cucu nhannhan manhmanh

caicai naynay hoachoac caicai khac,khac, nhngnhng caccac phngphng phapphapnhnh tnhtnh vava nhnh lnglng coco thethe phoiphoi hphp vava ssdungdung chocho cungcung motmot nghiennghien cucu..

SS khackhac bietbiet giagia phngphng phapphap nhnh lnglng vavanhnh tnhtnh coco thethe soso sanhsanh quaqua bieubieu didi ayay::


6/26

Bng 7.1: So sanh gia cac phng phap

nh lng va nh tnh

CC PHNG PHP

NH TNH: Nhan manh vao s hieu

biet

CC PHNG PHP

NH LNG: Nhan manh vao kiem

tra va ban chn

Tap trung vao s hieubiet t quan iem cuangi cung cap thong

tin Cach tiep can qua ly le

va giai thch

Tap trung vao c s lapluan/hoac cac nguyennhan cua cac s kien

xa hoi Cach tiep can phe phan

va logic


7/26

Bng 7.1: So sanh gia cac phng phap

nh lng va nh tnh

CC PHNG PHP

NH TNH: Quan sat va o lng

trong khung canh t

CC PHNG PHP

NH LNG: o lng kiem chng Cach nhn khach quan

n en Cach nhn chu quan cuangi trong cuoc va gangui vi cac so lieu

nh hng tham do Qua trnh c nh

hng

cua ngi ngoai cuoccach xa so lieu Suy dien gia thuyet-tap

trung kiem tra giathuyet Ket qua c nh

hng


8/26

7.27.2-- KhiKhi no p dng cc phng phpno p dng cc phng php

nghin cu nh tnh?nghin cu nh tnh? Cac nguyen nhan chnh e thc hien nghien cuCac nguyen nhan chnh e thc hien nghien cu

nh tnh va s dung cac phng phap nh tnh onh tnh va s dung cac phng phap nh tnh olala muc tieu cua nghien cumuc tieu cua nghien cu d an va nhngd an va nhngthong tin qua kh va kinh nghiem trc aythong tin qua kh va kinh nghiem trc ay cuacua

ngi nghien cungi nghien cu Cac van e nghien cu tap trung vaoCac van e nghien cu tap trung vao s khams kham

phapha mot kinh nghiem hoac hanh vimot kinh nghiem hoac hanh vi, ve, ve mot hienmot hientng con t biet titng con t biet ti--ay chnh la nhng th duay chnh la nhng th duien hnh cua cac van e yeu cau can co motien hnh cua cac van e yeu cau can co mot

nghien cu nh tnhnghien cu nh tnh


9/26


nghin cu nh tnh?nghin cu nh tnh? Nghien cuNghien cu nh tnhnh tnh v vay la pho bien trong cacv vay la pho bien trong cac khoakhoa

hoc hanh vi va khoa hoc xa hoihoc hanh vi va khoa hoc xa hoi

Co ba thanh phan c ban cua nghien cu nh tnh, baoCo ba thanh phan c ban cua nghien cu nh tnh, baogom:gom:

van va cac quan sat;van va cac quan sat;

(2)(2) Thu tuc phan tchThu tuc phan tch hayhay trnh baytrnh bay: Cac: Cac thu tucthu tuc eekhai quat hoa va phan tch so lieukhai quat hoa va phan tch so lieu nham at c cacnham at c cackham pha va cac ly thuyetkham pha va cac ly thuyet;;

(3)(3) Bao caoBao cao: Viet hoac trnh bay mieng. Trong trng: Viet hoac trnh bay mieng. Trong trnghp cua cac sinh vien, bao cao la viet di hnh thchp cua cac sinh vien, bao cao la viet di hnh thcmotmot bai luanbai luan hayhay mot d anmot d an..


10/26


nghin cu nh tnh?nghin cu nh tnh? TTrong nghien curong nghien cu tham do va dien giai, quy nap,tham do va dien giai, quy nap,

phng phap c s dung phan ln la cacphng phap c s dung phan ln la cacphng phap nh tnhphng phap nh tnh, chung co the hng, chung co the hngchung ta en viecchung ta en viec xay dng gia thuyet va cacxay dng gia thuyet va cac

Dien giaiDien giai c hieu la cachc hieu la cach suy luan t tong quatsuy luan t tong quat

en ac thuen ac thu, t cai chung en cai rieng, t cai chung en cai rieng,, concon quyquynapnap la cach suy luanla cach suy luan t ac thu en tong quatt ac thu en tong quat, t, tnhan thc rieng le en nguyen ly chungnhan thc rieng le en nguyen ly chung

Tren kha canh nay, cac phng phap nh tnh vaTren kha canh nay, cac phng phap nh tnh vanh lng lanh lng la phu hpphu hp cac giai oan hay mc cac giai oan hay mco khac nhauo khac nhau cua nghien cucua nghien cu


11/26


nghin cu nh tnh?nghin cu nh tnh? mc o th nhat mc o th nhat, van e nghien cu la loai, van e nghien cu la loai khong caukhong cau

tructruc th cac phng phap nh tnh la phu hpth cac phng phap nh tnh la phu hp

mc o th hai mc o th hai, chung ta, chung ta can kiem nh cac giacan kiem nh cac giathuyetthuyet khac nhau c nay sinh qua nghien cu mc okhac nhau c nay sinh qua nghien cu mc o

..phng phap nh lng cho phep chung ta chap nhan hayphng phap nh lng cho phep chung ta chap nhan haybac bo gia thuyet theo cach hieu logic va vng chacbac bo gia thuyet theo cach hieu logic va vng chac

mc o th ba mc o th ba,, ca hai phng phap nh lng va nhca hai phng phap nh lng va nhtnh co the c s dung. Thng cotnh co the c s dung. Thng co s ket hp hais ket hp haiphng phap nay mc o th ba. Phng phap ket hpphng phap nay mc o th ba. Phng phap ket hpcon goi lacon goi la phng phap hon hpphng phap hon hp


12/26

7.37.3--Cac dang cua phng phap nh tnhCac dang cua phng phap nh tnh CacCac phngphng phapphap nhnh tnhtnh lala phuphu hphp khikhi mucmuc

chch nghiennghien cucu yeuyeu caucau nghiennghien cucu sausau motmothienhien tngtng.. CacCac phngphng phapphap nhnh tnhtnh khackhacnhaunhau oioi vivi caccac loailoai nghiennghien cucu khackhac nhaunhau

NhieuNhieu nhanha nghiennghien cucu chocho rangrang haihai cachcach tieptiep

nhaunhau,, vava khongkhong thethe ss dungdung tachtach bietbiet nhaunhau..TheoTheo quanquan iemiem naynay thth khongkhong coco phngphng phapphaphoanhoan toantoan lala nhnh lnglng hoachoac hoanhoan toantoan lala nhnhtnhtnh

TuyTuy nhien,nhien, caccac kyky thuatthuat coco thethe hoachoac lala nhnhlnglng hoachoac lala nhnh tnhtnh.. HnhHnh 77..11 didi ayay sesebieubieu thth quanquan iemiem naynay..


13/26

Hnh 7.1Hnh 7.1-- Cac phng phap va ky thuat nhCac phng phap va ky thuat nh

lng va nh tnhlng va nh tnh CacCac kyky thuatthuat:: CacCac kyky thuatthuat :: amam luanluan QuanQuan satsat coco caucau tructruc PhongPhong vanvan phiphi PhongPhong vanvan coco caucau tructruccaucau tructruc QuanQuan iemiem xacxac nhnh

nh lng

nh tnh

vava anan caucau rucruc.. p anp an oo

((11)) ((22)) ((33)) ((44)) ((55)) ThietThiet bb hienhien trngtrng

GhiGhi chuchu::

((11)) TongTong quanquan lchlch ss;; ((22)) ThaoThao luanluan nhomnhom;; ((33))NghienNghien cucu tnhtnh huonghuong;; ((44)ieu)ieu tratra khaokhao satsat;;((55)) ThcThc nghiemnghiem..


14/26

Giai thch hnh 7.1Giai thch hnh 7.1

Tren hnh 7.1 t trai sang phai cac phng phapTren hnh 7.1 t trai sang phai cac phng phap

tr nen nh lng hn va s dung cac ky thuattr nen nh lng hn va s dung cac ky thuatnh lng hnnh lng hn

Tong quan lch s, thao luan nhom va nghienTong quan lch s, thao luan nhom va nghien

cu tnh huong chu yeu la cac phng phapcu tnh huong chu yeu la cac phng phapnghien cu nh tnhnghien cu nh tnh

Cac phng phap nay s dung cacCac phng phap nay s dung cac ky thuatky thuat lienlienquan nhieu enquan nhieu en nh tnh nhnh tnh nh am luan, phongam luan, phongvan sau va ban cau trucvan sau va ban cau truc


15/26

7.37.3--Cac dang cua phng phap nhCac dang cua phng phap nh

tnh (tt)tnh (tt) Trong trng hp xem xet laiTrong trng hp xem xet laitong quan lch stong quan lch s,,

cong viec cua chung ta la mo ta cai g a xay racong viec cua chung ta la mo ta cai g a xay ratrong qua kh e chung ta co the hieu hien taitrong qua kh e chung ta co the hieu hien taihoac at ke hoach cho tng laihoac at ke hoach cho tng lai

Phng phap nh tnh th hai laPhng phap nh tnh th hai lathao luanthao luannhomnhom.. Trong dang phng phap nghien cu nayTrong dang phng phap nghien cu nayngi nghien cu co the nhan c cung thingi nghien cu co the nhan c cung thiiem vi mot so cau tra li t khi au motiem vi mot so cau tra li t khi au motcuoc thao luan ve mot chu e nao ocuoc thao luan ve mot chu e nao o co nhieuco nhieungi tham gia.ngi tham gia.


16/26

7.37.3--Cac dang cua phng phap nh tnhCac dang cua phng phap nh tnh

Trong cac lnh vc tng oi t c biet ti, niTrong cac lnh vc tng oi t c biet ti, nima co t kinh nghiem va ly thuyet co kha nangma co t kinh nghiem va ly thuyet co kha nang

ap ng mot ch dan, th viecap ng mot ch dan, th viec nghien cunghien cuchuyen sauchuyen sau cua cac th du la chon la motcua cac th du la chon la mot

biet va e xuat cac gia thuyet cho nghien cubiet va e xuat cac gia thuyet cho nghien cutiep theotiep theo

Trong mon hoc cua chung ta, phng phapTrong mon hoc cua chung ta, phng phapnghien cu tnh huongnghien cu tnh huong thng c s dung chothng c s dung chocac dang nghien cu nay.cac dang nghien cu nay.


17/26

7.37.3--Cac dang cua phng phap nh tnhCac dang cua phng phap nh tnh TieuTieu iemiem chnhchnh lala tmtm kiemkiem ss thauthau hieuhieu hnhn lala

kiemkiem nhnh:: thaythay vv kiemkiem nhnh caccac giagia thuyet,thuyet, chungchungtata tmtm ss thauthau hieuhieu thongthong quaqua nhngnhng acac trngtrng cuacua

oioi tngtng nghiennghien cucu acac iemiem thth haihai lala tnhtnh chuyenchuyen sausau cuacua viecviecnghiennghien cucu oioi tngtng.. ChungChung tata cancan coco uu thongthong tintin

duyduy nhatnhat cungcung nhnh vachvach rara caccac acac iemiem chungchungtrongtrong motmot soso tnhtnh huonghuong CuoiCuoi cung,cung, cachcach tieptiep cancan naynay dada vaovao khakha nangnang

hphp nhatnhat cuacua nghiennghien cucu:: khakha nangnang nghiennghien cucumotmot oioi tngtng tt nhieunhieu chieuchieu vava khikhi oo sese phacphacthaothao motmot giaigiai thchthch hphp nhatnhat.. VV vay,vay, nghiennghien cucutnhtnh huonghuong thngthng lala ee capcap veve motmot giaigiai thchthch vava

momo tata banban chatchat vanvan ee


18/26

7.47.4-- Phan tch so lieu nh tnhPhan tch so lieu nh tnh TaTa coco thethe thuthu thapthap soso lieulieu nhnh tnhtnh vava nhnh

lnglng quaqua caccac phngphng phapphap nhnh tnhtnh.. NhnNhnchungchung chungchung tata xemxem dd lieulieu lala nhnh lnglng khikhichungchung cc phanphan tchtch thongthong keke vava cc thethe hienhienhayhay oo bangbang chch soso

cc vava khokho ee oo bangbang chch soso thngthng goigoi lala ddlieulieu nhnh tnhtnh,, changchang hanhan nhnh:: manh,manh, yeu,yeu, dededangdang hayhay khokho khankhan

ee phanphan tchtch cc dd lieulieu chungchung tata phaiphai mama hoahoachungchung ee coco thethe phanphan tchtch nhamnham khaikhai quatquat hoahoa

vava trnhtrnh baybay theotheo motmot cachcach dede hieuhieu..


19/26

7.47.4-- Phan tch so lieu nh tnhPhan tch so lieu nh tnh Mot van e c ban trong phan tch so lieu nh tnh la,Mot van e c ban trong phan tch so lieu nh tnh la,

mot matmot mat,, so lng quan sat la t va, mat khac, cacso lng quan sat la t va, mat khac, cac

thong tin cho tng tnh huong hoac cac tnh huong lathong tin cho tng tnh huong hoac cac tnh huong larat kyrat ky,, ieu o se de dang cho ngi nghien cu co theieu o se de dang cho ngi nghien cu co thea raa ra khoi lng ln cac tnh huongkhoi lng ln cac tnh huong

cac p ng p ap n t n v ec cac p ng p ap n t n v ec p an t c a op an t c a okhan bi vkhan bi v thu thap d lieu va phan tch so lieuthu thap d lieu va phan tch so lieuthng c thc hien cung mot lucthng c thc hien cung mot luc, va oi khi, va oi khi van evan enghien cu c hnh thanh va hnh thanh lai trongnghien cu c hnh thanh va hnh thanh lai trong

cung mot thi giancung mot thi gian ieu nay thng dan en cac cau hoi mi va thu thap dieu nay thng dan en cac cau hoi mi va thu thap d

lieu mi valieu mi va khong co bc phan tch so lieu ro rangkhong co bc phan tch so lieu ro rang..

Hnh 7.2 di ay minh hoa qua trnh nayHnh 7.2 di ay minh hoa qua trnh nay


20/26

Thu thap so lieu Trnh bay so

Hnh 7.2: Cac thanh phan phan tch so lieu-Mo hnh tng tac

eu

Cac ket luan: Suy

ra/xac nhan

Giam bt so

lieu


21/26

Phan tch so lieu nh tnh (tt)Phan tch so lieu nh tnh (tt)

Trong khoa hoc xa hoi va ac biet trong nghienTrong khoa hoc xa hoi va ac biet trong nghiencu kinh te, thng co hai quan iem:cu kinh te, thng co hai quan iem:

Mot quan iem cho rang, ve nguyen tac tat caMot quan iem cho rang, ve nguyen tac tat cacac d lieu co the c phan loai va o lng.cac d lieu co the c phan loai va o lng.

Trong trng hp nay, tat ca d lieu thu thapTrong trng hp nay, tat ca d lieu thu thapqua cacqua cac phng phapphng phap nh tnh phai c manh tnh phai c mahoahoa va lam sach theo mot cach nao o co theva lam sach theo mot cach nao o co the

cho phep phan loai va nh lng. Quan iemcho phep phan loai va nh lng. Quan iemnay thng c quy cho lanay thng c quy cho lanh hng theo chunh hng theo chungha thc chngngha thc chng..


22/26

Phan tch so lieu nh tnh (tt)Phan tch so lieu nh tnh (tt)

Quan iem th haiQuan iem th hai cho rang cac trng hpcho rang cac trng hprieng bietrieng biet khong can thiet phai co d lieukhong can thiet phai co d lieu chochophep phan loai va nh lng mot dang phanphep phan loai va nh lng mot dang phano nao oo nao o

nh hng nay thng c quy vaonh hng nay thng c quy vao quan iemquan iemthuoc thuyet hien tngthuoc thuyet hien tng Nhieu quan iem cho rangNhieu quan iem cho rang d lieu nh tnh cod lieu nh tnh co

the c s dung cho phan tch va dien giaithe c s dung cho phan tch va dien giai, bat, batluan no co c nh lng hay khongluan no co c nh lng hay khong..


23/26

NHNG HN CH CA LUN VN, LUN NNHNG HN CH CA LUN VN, LUN N

KINH T TI VIT NAM HIN NAYKINH T TI VIT NAM HIN NAY

Phng php lun nghin cu c vn :

Chng hn, trong hu ht cc lun vn, lun n kinhtu phng php nghin cu lPhng php

uy v n c ng

ng ng m r p

ngphp duy vt bin chng l g? p dng u tronglun vn,lun n? gii quyt mc tiu no?

C la s cc nghin cu lun n kinh t ti Vitnam nhm ln gia phng php tduy vphng php nghin cu


24/26

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU P DNGPHNG PHP NGHIN CU P DNG

TRONG KHOA HC KINH TCC NCTRONG KHOA HC KINH TCC NC

Trong cc nghin cu kinh t thng cp hai loi

phng php lnghin cu nh lng vnghin cunh tnh.

Nhng phng php nghin cu nh tnh bao gm

(1) Tng quan lch s; (2) Tho lun nhm;

(3) Nghin cu tnh hung.

Cc phng php nghin cu nh lng l nghin cucc m hnh nhn-qu nh nghin cu thc nghim viu tra kho st nh lng.


25/26

TH D: M HNH NC NH LNGTH D: M HNH NC NH LNG

Nhn t 1-X1

Nhn t 2-X2

H1

H2

Cc gi thuyt-H

Kim nhgi thuytKHO STTHC NGHIM

K THUT XL

Nhn t3-X3

Nhn t n-Xn

YH3

H

Hn

Khm ph-Findings

L thuyt/ccm hnh


26/26

CU HICU HI--BI TPBI TP Phn bit gia phng php NC nh lng v

nh tnh; Cc phng php NC nh tnh l g, nh lngl ? iu kin dn mi hn h

BI TP 6:(1) Vn nghin cu ca bn d kin p dng

phng php nghin cu no l ph hp? Nu rl do?

(2) Nu p dng nghin cu nh tnh th la chn

phng php no? V sao?

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phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc TrinhBayC7.ppt