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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis. “Photosynthesis not funny” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrgRhtw9S1s. It’s all in the chloroplast!. photosynthesis occurs in Chloroplasts in leaves of green plants. **The green pigment chlorophyll traps the sun’s energy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“PHOTOSYNTHESIS NOT FUNNY”
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HRGRHTW9S1S
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS IN CHLOROPLASTS IN LEAVES OF GREEN
PLANTS**The green pigment chlorophyll traps the sun’s energy**A series of reactions use this radiant energy and converts it to chemical energy
CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Along with energy from the sun, six molecules of carbon dioxide
react with six molecules of water to form 1 molecule of glucose and
six molecules of oxygen.
RATES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE AFFECTED BY:
Availability of Water (a Reactant)
Sunlight availability (Energy source); greater the amount of sunlight, the greater the rate…to a point
Available Nutrients (Needed for proper growth and development)
Carbon Dioxide Gas Availability(A Reactant; great amount increases rate..to a point
pH of water and soil
TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration. Both produce ATP. How much depends on oxygen levels!
1.) Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is available and is more efficient than anaerobic. The process produces a great deal of ATP (about 36) which gives you energy!!
2.) Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no available oxygen. It is less efficient than aerobic as only 2 ATP molecules are produced
WHAT IS ATP???• Stands for adenosine
triphosphate• Bonds between phosphates of
ATP have a great deal of stored energy
• When a bond breaks, by an enzyme (ATPase), energy is released and can be used in cell processes
• After the molecule loses it’s phosphate, another enzyme (ATP synthase) bonds another phosphate creating another ATP molecule!
Adenine Molecule
Sugar molecule called Ribose
3 Phosphates
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Occurs when cells need energy Glucose polymers (such as in your glycogen, or a plant’s starch)
are broken down into smaller, glucose molecules The glucose molecules are then broken down in a series of more
reactions that create energy in the form of ATP For every glucose molecule, about 36 ATP are produced!
(1 glucose molecule + 6 oxygen molecules yields 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 6 water molecules and ATP
Energy!!! (About 36
ATP)
RATES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION ARE AFFECTED BY:
pH – depends on the environment the cell that is respiring is in!
Temperature; as it increases, the rate increases…to a point (too hot and enzymes denature!)
Available oxygen – greater levels increase the process, but not too much!!
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
•2 Types; both occur in the cytosol of the cytoplasm
1.) Alcoholic Fermentation (from yeast and plants; top equation)
2.) Lactic Acid Fermentation (in animals; bottom equation) makes your muscles sore during exercise
***If you look at both reactions, there is no oxygen as reactant!!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Photosynthesis makes the food, and requires energy while cellular respiration breaks it down and gives off energy! (ATP)
• The equations are opposite!! But the sun is not needed for cellular respiration!
Sugar (Glucose)
Sugar (Glucose)