1.What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a
product of photosynthesis?A.ChlorophyllB.Carbon dioxide onlyC.Water
onlyD.Both water and carbon dioxide(Total 1 mark)
2.Which type of light is least useful for photosynthesis in
terrestrial plants?A.BlueB.GreenC.WhiteD.Red(Total 1 mark)
3.Which variable has the least effect on enzyme
activity?A.TemperatureB.Light intensityC.pHD.Substrate
concentration(Total 1 mark)
4.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)Living organisms at every trophic level are
part of the carbon cycle. Draw a labelled diagram of the carbon
cycle to show the processes involved.(9) (b)Explain, using an
example of a food chain, how trophic levels can be deduced.(4)
(c)Explain methods that can be used to measure the rate of
photosynthesis.(5)(Total 20 marks)
5.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)Outline condensation and hydrolysis reactions
using a different example for each.(5)(b)Outline the effect of
temperature and substrate concentration on the activity of
enzymes.(4)(c)Explain methods by which the rate of photosynthesis
can be measured, including conditions that affect the
rate.(9)(Total 20 marks)
6.The rate of photosynthesis in the marine seagrass, Zostera
marina, was investigated under a range of pH conditions. After a
period of darkness, the plants were illuminated at a constant light
intensity at 15C and the rate of photosynthesis was measured.
Zostera marina can use both dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and
hydrogen carbonate ions for photosynthesis. The rate of
photosynthesis is plotted on the y-axis on the left. In addition,
the concentration of carbon dioxide was measured for each pH
investigated and is plotted on the y-axis on the right.[Source:
Plant physiology by AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS.
Copyright 2008 Reproduced with permission of AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
PLANT BIOLOGISTS in the format CD ROM via Copyright Clearance
Center.] (a)State the carbon dioxide concentration at pH
7.2.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Calculate the percentage decrease in the rate of
photosynthesis from pH 7 to pH
7.5.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(c)Outline the relationship between pH and the rate of
photosynthesis.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)
(d)Suggest how Zostera marina can perform photosynthesis even at
very low carbon dioxide
concentrations.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(e)Based on the information and data provided, discuss the role of
one limiting factor, other than carbon dioxide, and suggest how
this would affect the rate of
photosynthesis...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total
7 marks)
7.The effect of temperature on photosynthesis was studied in
sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) using leaf discs. The production of
oxygen was used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.Gross
photosynthesis refers to the sum of net photosynthesis and
respiration. Net photosynthesis was calculated by subtracting the
rate of respiration in the dark from gross photosynthesis.
[Source: Adapted from R Ribeiro et al. 2006. Cincia e
Agrotecnologia. Vol 30. Pp 670678.] (a)Identify the optimum
temperature for photosynthesis in this
plant.......................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Determine the difference between gross photosynthesis and net
photosynthesis at 40C and 50C.40C:
..........................................................................................................................50C:
..........................................................................................................................(2)
(c)Deduce what happens to the rate of respiration as the
temperature increases between 40C and
50C.......................................................................................................................................(1)
(d)(i)Describe the general pattern of change in photosynthesis
in sweet orange as the temperature
increases..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(ii)Compare the effect of temperature on photosynthesis with the
effect of temperature on respiration in sweet
orange........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total
7 marks)
8.Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell?A.Thylakoid
membranesB.StromaC.MatrixD.Cristae(Total 1 mark)
9.What is produced by the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis and used in the Calvin cycle?A.Hydrogen and
oxygenB.ATP and NADPHC.NADPH and oxygenD.ATP and CO2(Total 1
mark)
10.The photosynthetic activity of desert plants is often reduced
in the middle of the day. What is the most reasonable explanation
for this fact?A.Enzymes are denatured by the high
temperatures.B.There is not sufficient water for photosystem
I.C.Most of the light is reflected by the thick cuticle.D.The
stomata close to preserve water and gas exchange decreases.(Total 1
mark)
11.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)All organisms in an ecosystem are involved in
the carbon cycle. Outline the roles of living organisms in the
carbon cycle.(8) (b)Explain how triose phosphate is produced and
used in the chloroplasts of a plant.(5) (c)Explain the conditions
that are needed to allow a seed to germinate.(5)(Total 20
marks)
12.A plant is exposed to increasing light intensity from very
dim to bright light, while the carbon dioxide concentration and
temperature are kept at an optimum level. What will happen to the
rate of oxygen production?A.It will increase exponentially.B.It
will remain constant.C.It will decrease to a minimum level.D.It
will increase to a maximum level.(Total 1 mark)
13.Global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are rising. A study
was carried out to test if the temperature dependence of
photosynthesis was altered by elevated atmospheric CO2.Maize plants
were grown in natural sunlight in controlled environmental chambers
at different temperatures using current atmospheric and doubled CO2
levels.The graph below shows daily patterns of CO2 exchange at
three different temperatures.Open shapes (, , ) represent current
atmospheric CO2 levels and closed shapes (, , ) represent elevated
CO2 levels.[Reprinted from: Kim, S H et al. 2007. Temperature
dependence of growth, development, and photosynthesis in maize
under elevated CO2. Environmental and Experimental Botany. Vol 61.
Pp 224236.]
(a)(i)State the time at which carbon dioxide exchange rate is
maximal............................................................................................................................(1)
(ii)Explain the reasons for maximum carbon dioxide exchange rate at
this
time........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)
(b)State the temperature that resulted in the highest rate of
photosynthesis under current atmospheric
conditions.......................................................................................................................................(1)
(c)Using the data in the graph, discuss whether rising carbon
dioxide levels in the atmosphere will increase growth rates in
maize...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total
6 marks)
14.Primary production is directly related to the amount of
photosynthesis that occurs in a cubic metre of water. In the waters
around Bermuda (32 N) in the Atlantic Ocean, microscopic
phytoplankton are the producers. They use trace nutrients from
seawater in their metabolism. These nutrients are a limiting factor
in total population size. A dense phytoplankton population makes
the water cloudy. The data shows primary production per day for
each month for the year 2000 at different water depths.
[Source: DataStreme Ocean, American Meteorological Society
(2004). Reprinted with permission.] (a)State the month when total
photosynthesis was
greatest.......................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Identify, with a reason, the water depth that receives no
light.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(c)In the upper 40 m there is a drop in photosynthesis from
March to June. This is probably due to lack of nutrients, reducing
the population density.Suggest, with a reason other than nutrient
levels, what might have increased photosynthesis at 100 m from
April to
August.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(d)Compare production in March with production in
September...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(Total
6 marks)
15.Where are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions
taking place in the diagram below?
Light-dependentLight-independent
A.IIV
B.IIIII
C.IIIII
D.IVI
(Total 1 mark)
16.The diagram below shows the structure of a chloroplast.What
is the structure labelled X?A.RibosomeB.StromaC.Inner
membraneD.Thylakoid(Total 1 mark)
17.How can the rate of photosynthesis of a plant be directly
measured?A.By measuring the rate of oxygen producedB.By measuring
the rate of carbon dioxide producedC.By measuring the rate of plant
growthD.By measuring the rate of light absorbed(Total 1 mark)
18.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)State four elements that are needed by living
organisms, other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, giving one role
of each.(4)(b)Outline how light energy is used and how organic
molecules are made in photosynthesis.(6)(c)Explain the significance
of complementary base pairing for replication, transcription and
translation.(8)(Total 20 marks)
19.Which graph best represents the effect of temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis of a plant?
(Total 1 mark)
20.What happens in the light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis?A.Splitting of water moleculesB.ATP
synthesisC.Reduction of NADPD.Reduction of CO2(Total 1 mark)
21.Which two tissues of a leaf are photosynthetic?A.Upper
epidermis and palisade mesophyllB.Palisade mesophyll and spongy
mesophyllC.Spongy mesophyll and xylemD.Upper epidermis and
xylem(Total 1 mark)
22.What is light energy used for during photosynthesis?A.To
produce carbon dioxideB.To produce water moleculesC.To produce
ATPD.To break down sugar molecules(Total 1 mark)
23.Which of the following colours of light is absorbed the most
by chlorophyll?A.BlueB.GreenC.YellowD.Orange(Total 1 mark)
24.(a)State the property of stem cells that makes them useful in
medical
treatment.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Explain how multicellular organisms develop specialized
tissues.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)
(c)Outline some of the outcomes of the sequencing of the human
genome.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(Total
6 marks)
25.(a)State the location in the chloroplast of the following
reactions of photosynthesis.Light-independent reactions:
.......................................................................................Light-dependent
reactions:
..........................................................................................(2)
(b)Explain what happens to the electrons in the light-dependent
reactions of
photosynthesis...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(Total
5 marks)
26.Where are complex carbohydrates made in the chloroplast?A.In
the intermembrane spaceB.In the stromaC.On the inner membraneD.In
the thylakoid space(Total 1 mark)
27.Which of the following graphs represents the effect of
changing light intensity on the rate of oxygen production by a
green plant?
(Total 1 mark)
28.What conclusion can be drawn from examining the action
spectrum for a green plant shown below?A.Yellow light is the most
effective at promoting photosynthesis.B.Every colour of light is
equally effective at promoting photosynthesis.C.Light of wavelength
550 nm is least effective at promoting photosynthesis.D.Light in
the green range is the most effective at promoting
photosynthesis.(Total 1 mark)
29.Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle take place?A.Stroma
of chloroplastB.Mitochondrial matrixC.CytoplasmD.Inside
thylakoid(Total 1 mark)
30.(a)Draw a labelled diagram of the structure of a chloroplast
as seen with an electron microscope.(4)
(b)Describe how water is carried by the transpiration stream.(7)
(c)Explain how flowering is controlled in long-day and short-day
plants.(7)(Total 18 marks)
31.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)Draw a labelled diagram showing the tissues
present in a dicotyledonous leaf.(4)(b)Outline the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis.(6)(c)Explain the effect of light
intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.(8)(Total
20 marks)
32.Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis. What is the source
of this oxygen inside the plant?A.Air spaces in the leafB.Carbon
dioxideC.GlucoseD.Water(Total 1 mark)
33.The graph below shows the results of an experiment to
determine the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on photosynthesis
of the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris. The experiment
attempted to determine the effect of salt concentration on the
light-dependent reactions overall and separately on photosystem I
and photosystem II.
[Source: M M El-Sheekh, Inhibition of the water splitting system
by sodium chloride stress in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris,
Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, Volume 16, Issue 1, Figure
1, (2004)] (a)Describe the effect of salt concentration on the
activity of the light-dependent reactions
overall.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Compare the effect of increasing salt concentration on
photosystem I with the effect on photosystem
II.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(c)When salt concentration is increased, some algal cells
increase their rates of cyclic photophosphorylation. Deduce the
reasons for
this...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)
(d)Using the graph, predict the effect of high salt concentration
on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. Give a reason for your
answer...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total
6 marks)
34.What reaction, involving glycerate 3-phosphate, is part of
the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?A.Glycerate
3-phosphate is carboxylated using carbon dioxide.B.Two glycerate
3-phosphates are linked together to form one hexose
phosphate.C.Glycerate 3-phosphate is reduced to triose
phosphate.D.Five glycerate 3-phosphates are converted to three
ribulose 5-phosphates.(Total 1 mark)
35.What is the advantage of having a small volume inside the
thylakoids of the chloroplast?A.High proton concentrations are
rapidly developed.B.High electron concentrations are rapidly
developed.C.Photosynthetic pigments are highly
concentrated.D.Enzymes of the Calvin cycle are highly
concentrated.(Total 1 mark)
36.Which two colours of light does chlorophyll absorb most?A.Red
and yellowB.Green and blueC.Red and greenD.Red and blue(Total 1
mark)
37.(a)Explain why carbon dioxide concentration is a limiting
factor of
photosynthesis...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)
(b)Explain the relationship between the structure of the
chloroplast and its
function...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)
(c)State two products of the light-dependent
reactions.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(Total
8 marks)
38.The diagram below summarizes the light-dependent reactions in
photosynthesis. What is occurring at X?
A.ADP + phosphate ATPB.NADP+NADPH + H+C.H2O O2 + 2H+D.NADPH + H+
NADP+(Total 1 mark)
39.What is the first identifiable product of carbon dioxide
fixation in photosynthesis?A.Ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)B.Glycerate3-phosphate (GP)C.Triose phosphate (TP)D.Acetyl
CoA(Total 1 mark)
40.Up to two additional marks are available for the construction
of your answers.(2)(a)Draw a labelled diagram showing the structure
of a plasma membrane.(4)(b)Outline the role of chlorophyll and the
effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide
concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.(6)(c)Explain the
production of energy during aerobic respiration from pyruvate that
has been produced by glycolysis.(8)(Total 20 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology1
