Upload
phungtruc
View
231
Download
7
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What is Phonics?
Phonics is
Knowledge of the alphabetic code
(26 letters, 44 phonemes, 140 different letter combinations)
+
Understanding of the skills of segmenting and blending
What is a letter and what is a phoneme?
• The English alphabet has 26 letters:
• a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
• But 44 phonemes: • /b/ /k/ /d/ /f/ /g/ /h/ /j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /t/ / v/
/w/ /y/ /z/ /sh/ /ch/ /th/ /th/ /ng/ /zh/ • /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /ai/ /ee/ /igh/ /oa/ /oo/ /oo/ /ow/ /oi/
/ar/ /or/ /ur/ /air/ /ear/ /ure/ /er/
• A phoneme is the sound that a letter or group of letters make. They are usually written between / /
The steps we teach 1. Oral blending Hearing a series of spoken sounds and
– merging them together to make a spoken – word – no text is used
– For example, when a teacher calls out – ‘b-u-s’, the children say ‘bus’
– This skill is usually taught before blending – and reading printed words
2. Blending
Recognising the letter sounds
in a written word, for example
c-u-p, and merging or synthesising
them in the order in which they
are written to pronounce the
word ‘cup’.
3. Segmenting
Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word (e.g. h-i-m) and writing down or manipulating letters for each sound to form the word ‘him’
• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)
• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,
• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way
• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme
A phoneme can be represented by one or more
letters
A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as phoneme-grapheme representation.
phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word.
E.g. sat
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
• A single phoneme represented
by 1 or more letters e.g. ch ai n
vowel digraphs – ai, ee, ie, oa,
oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc..
trigraphs – igh, air, ear
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
Digraph Two letters, which make one sound A consonant digraph contains two consonants sh ck th ll A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel also
known as long vowel phoneme ai ee ar oy
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
Trigraph Three letters, which make one
sound igh dge
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
Consonant digraphs ll ss ff zz hill puff fizz sh ch th wh ship chat thin ck ng qu sing quick
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
• Adjacent consonants (used to be called blends!)
• Letter combinations where each letter makes an individual phoneme
• sp st sk sl tr ft nt lt mp un lp dr cl sw cr sm
A phoneme can be represented by
one or more letters
Split digraph
A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent (e.g. make)
a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e
• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)
• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,
• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way
• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme
The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than
one way
This is very common particularly among
the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake
burn, first, term, heard, work
The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than
one way 1) vowel digraphs (long vowel phonemes) a ae ai ay ey eigh e e-e ea ee y i i-e ie igh y o o-e oa oe ow u u-e ue oo ew oo u oul ow ou ough oi oy ar a or aw ore a ough air are ear eer ear
Up to you! • Can you sort these words into their
respective long vowel phonemes?
• Play train sleep bean
• Toe sign through coat
• Pine eye glue sleigh
• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)
• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,
• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way
• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme
The same spelling may represent
more than one phoneme
• E.g. mean, deaf This is where
children need to learn to use the
skill of making sense of the text.
The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme
Each pair of words has the same grapheme but a different phoneme!
he bed cow low Hat was Tin mind And even worse! meat bread bear hear
Up to you! • Can you sort these words by
phoneme. They all use the /y/ grapheme!
• Yes, by, gym, why, very, Egypt, yacht, reply, yo-yo, funny, crystal, yellow, crunchy,
CVC words • These are the first words your child will
learn to read and spell • Each sound is represented by just one
letter • Consonant-vowel-consonant • Examples are
• Cat pig fat
The next step • More consonants and vowel sounds
are added to increase the complexity of the words written and read.
Examples of CCVC, CVCC, CCCVC and CCVCC
b l a c k s t r o ng c c v c c c c v c f e l t b l a n k c v c c c c v c c
Phonics Readers • We are now using phonics readers in the
early stages of reading development. This enables the child to use sounds already learnt in a meaningful way.
• Once children have developed a wide repertoire of sounds whey can tackle a wider range of books with some unknown and high frequency words
In Summary • Phonemes are represented by letters (grapheme) A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as
phoneme-grapheme representation. phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word. E.g. sat
• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters A single phoneme represented by 2 letters or more e.g. ch ai n vowel digraphs – ai, ee, ie, oa, oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc.. trigraphs – igh, air, ear
• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way
This very common particularly among the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake On the surface this appears to present problems in spelling accuracy but
there are many rules that can be applied according to position and associated consonants
• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme E.g. mean, deaf This is where children need to learn to use the skill of
making sense of the text.