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Phonics for Parents

Phonics for Parents - stbartholomews.lincs.sch.uk for website.pdf · (26 letters, 44 phonemes, ... •We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are ... Phonics

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Phonics for Parents

What is Phonics?

Phonics is

Knowledge of the alphabetic code

(26 letters, 44 phonemes, 140 different letter combinations)

+

Understanding of the skills of segmenting and blending

What is a letter and what is a phoneme?

• The English alphabet has 26 letters:

• a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

• But 44 phonemes: • /b/ /k/ /d/ /f/ /g/ /h/ /j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /t/ / v/

/w/ /y/ /z/ /sh/ /ch/ /th/ /th/ /ng/ /zh/ • /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /ai/ /ee/ /igh/ /oa/ /oo/ /oo/ /ow/ /oi/

/ar/ /or/ /ur/ /air/ /ear/ /ure/ /er/

• A phoneme is the sound that a letter or group of letters make. They are usually written between / /

The steps we teach 1. Oral blending Hearing a series of spoken sounds and

– merging them together to make a spoken – word – no text is used

– For example, when a teacher calls out – ‘b-u-s’, the children say ‘bus’

– This skill is usually taught before blending – and reading printed words

2. Blending

Recognising the letter sounds

in a written word, for example

c-u-p, and merging or synthesising

them in the order in which they

are written to pronounce the

word ‘cup’.

3. Segmenting

Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word (e.g. h-i-m) and writing down or manipulating letters for each sound to form the word ‘him’

• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)

• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,

• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way

• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

A phoneme can be represented by one or more

letters

A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as phoneme-grapheme representation.

phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word.

E.g. sat

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

• A single phoneme represented

by 1 or more letters e.g. ch ai n

vowel digraphs – ai, ee, ie, oa,

oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc..

trigraphs – igh, air, ear

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

Digraph Two letters, which make one sound A consonant digraph contains two consonants sh ck th ll A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel also

known as long vowel phoneme ai ee ar oy

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

Trigraph Three letters, which make one

sound igh dge

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

Consonant digraphs ll ss ff zz hill puff fizz sh ch th wh ship chat thin ck ng qu sing quick

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

• Adjacent consonants (used to be called blends!)

• Letter combinations where each letter makes an individual phoneme

• sp st sk sl tr ft nt lt mp un lp dr cl sw cr sm

A phoneme can be represented by

one or more letters

Split digraph

A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent (e.g. make)

a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e

How many phonemes?

Number of phonemes

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Shelf

Dress

Wing

Think

church

• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)

• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,

• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way

• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than

one way

This is very common particularly among

the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake

burn, first, term, heard, work

The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than

one way 1) vowel digraphs (long vowel phonemes) a ae ai ay ey eigh e e-e ea ee y i i-e ie igh y o o-e oa oe ow u u-e ue oo ew oo u oul ow ou ough oi oy ar a or aw ore a ough air are ear eer ear

Up to you! • Can you sort these words into their

respective long vowel phonemes?

• Play train sleep bean

• Toe sign through coat

• Pine eye glue sleigh

ae ee ie oa ue

• We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme)

• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters,

• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way

• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

The same spelling may represent

more than one phoneme

• E.g. mean, deaf This is where

children need to learn to use the

skill of making sense of the text.

The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

Each pair of words has the same grapheme but a different phoneme!

he bed cow low Hat was Tin mind And even worse! meat bread bear hear

Up to you! • Can you sort these words by

phoneme. They all use the /y/ grapheme!

• Yes, by, gym, why, very, Egypt, yacht, reply, yo-yo, funny, crystal, yellow, crunchy,

CVC words • These are the first words your child will

learn to read and spell • Each sound is represented by just one

letter • Consonant-vowel-consonant • Examples are

• Cat pig fat

The next step • More consonants and vowel sounds

are added to increase the complexity of the words written and read.

Examples of CCVC, CVCC, CCCVC and CCVCC

b l a c k s t r o ng c c v c c c c v c f e l t b l a n k c v c c c c v c c

Words sometimes wrongly identified as CVC

bow few

saw her

Phonics Readers • We are now using phonics readers in the

early stages of reading development. This enables the child to use sounds already learnt in a meaningful way.

• Once children have developed a wide repertoire of sounds whey can tackle a wider range of books with some unknown and high frequency words

In Summary • Phonemes are represented by letters (grapheme) A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as

phoneme-grapheme representation. phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word. E.g. sat

• A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters A single phoneme represented by 2 letters or more e.g. ch ai n vowel digraphs – ai, ee, ie, oa, oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc.. trigraphs – igh, air, ear

• The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way

This very common particularly among the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake On the surface this appears to present problems in spelling accuracy but

there are many rules that can be applied according to position and associated consonants

• The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme E.g. mean, deaf This is where children need to learn to use the skill of

making sense of the text.