2018 OTTAWA PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES SPOTLIGHT │ OTTAWA EMPLOYMENT HUB (LEPC)

EXCERPT FROM OTTAWA 2018 CLMP │ Page 1

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) labour pool

Data for persons with disabilities is collected via the Canadian Survey on Disability (see note below). There is more data available at the provincial and national levels than the local level – thus, we look at all thee geographies in this section.

OTTAWA

Highlights from the Social Planning Council of Ottawa’s ‘Disability Profile of the City of Ottawa’ (2006 data)

In 2010, SPCO published a report1 on people with disabilities living in Ottawa, based on 2006 Census data. As noted above, Statistics Canada warns that disability data collected from the Census based on its activity limitation questions should be used with caution due to the large number of ‘false positives’ (i.e. over-counting). Any data collected this way should not be compared to the Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD), which uses a different methodology. Given the limited local data available from the CSD, however, the comprehensive SPCO report is useful for providing some general insight into what the local labour market for people with disabilities looked like in 2006. It found that 85,700 people aged 20-64 (16%) reported having a disability in 2006. Some highlights from the report are included in the table to the right. Highlights from United Way Ottawa’s analysis of 2011 Census data

United Way Ottawa conducted an analysis of data from the 2011 Census, using the activity limitations questions as a filter (same methodology as the SPCO report cited above). The two main differences between the United Way analysis and the SPCO report are that United Way looked at 2011 data (instead of 2006) and looked at the entire 15+ age bracket (rather than breaking it down to look at 20-64). The two datasets should not be compared, as a greater portion of those 65+ have a disability than those under 65, and so the labour market indicators in the United Way data will be more negative. Highlights from the United Way analysis are included in the table to the right.

Ottawa’s population of persons with disabilities aged 15-64 in 2012

included a labour pool of 73,100 (11% of the overall 15-64 labour

pool), of which 45,900 were participating in the labour force (8% of the overall 15-64 labour force and representing a participation rate of

63% versus 81% for the overall population).2

*See note to the left for an explanation

of why we look at 2012 data.

Employment & training supports3

1,193 persons with disabilities accessed Employment Ontario services in 2016-17 • 630 in Employment Service

• 254 in Literacy and Basic Skills program

• 197 in Employment Assistance Service

• 92 in Youth Job Connection

• 20 in Second Career

• None in Apprenticeship

Ages 20-64,Ottawa, 2006 %

% reporting disability (of overall population)

16%

Participation rate 63% Unemployment rate 7%

% of Full-time/full-year PWDs workers that were

working poor (ages 25-64)

6%

Not in labour force 57%

(vs. 31% overall)

Ages 15+, Ottawa, 2011 %

% reporting disability (of overall population)

20%

Participation rate 45% Unemployment rate 8%

Not in labour force 55%

(vs. 30% overall)

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A closer look at labour force status

• 46% employment rate for 15- to 64-year-olds with disabilities; 73% for the population without disabilities

• Labour force status varies by severity of the disability; specifically, the percentage employed decreases as the global severity class increases

Lower rates of employment

• Looking at the prime working ages of 25 to 54, PWDs have notably lower rates of employment than those without disabilities

• The gap is greatest for men aged 25-34 (34 percentage point gap in employment rate)

• 10% of all Canadians in the labour force report having at least one disability

• The most common type of disability of those in the labour force is Pain (7% of overall Canadian labour force)

• Persons reporting having a Developmental disability have the lowest participation (28%) and employment (22%) rates of all disability types

• Those with a Hearing disability have the highest participation (56%) and employment (48%) rates of all disability types

ONTARIO

Labour force status by age, PWDs, Ontario, 20124

In the labour force

Employed Unemployed Not in the labour force

Partici-pation rate

Employ-ment rate

Unemploy-ment rate

15 to 24 87,700 22,670 9,900 47,830 40.5% 28.2% 30.4%

25 to 34 103,160 49,480 N/A 43,630 57.0% 48.7% N/A

35 to 44 174,230 83,160 N/A 48,910 68.8% 53.1% N/A

45 to 54 295,510 147,400 13,130 116,980 57.9% 53.1% 8.2%

55 to 64 374,490 130,100 12,510 191,910 42.6% 38.9% 8.8%

CAUTION: Statistics Canada warns that this data should be used with caution, due to reliability issues; also, all rates in the table are calculated excluding non-response categories ("refusal", "don't know", and "not stated") in the denominator

CANADA Employment rate by age, PWDs vs. those without disabilities, Canada, 20125

NOTE: At this level of analysis, much of the unemployment data collected via the CSD is considered unreliable. For that reason, we look at the employment rate in this chart.

Labour force breakdown by disability type, Canada, 20126

Disability type Total labour force

% of overall labour force

Participation rate

Employment rate

Overall population 23,187,350 100% 81% 76%

All disability types 2,338,240 10% 54% 47%

Seeing 472,220 2% 45% 38%

Hearing 424,840 2% 56% 48%

Mobility 1,083,500 5% 42% 36%

Flexibility 1,244,570 5% 45% 39%

Dexterity 575,520 2% 38% 32%

Pain 1,706,080 7% 53% 46%

Learning 490,230 2% 37% 29%

Memory 410,160 2% 38% 31%

Developmental 141,500 1% 28% 22%

Mental &/or psychological 852,910 4% 45% 36%

2018 OTTAWA PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES SPOTLIGHT │ OTTAWA EMPLOYMENT HUB (LEPC)

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WHERE PWDs WORK IN CANADA (Industry Sectors)7

The chart below and table to the right show the employment of persons with disabilities aged 15-64 in industry sectors across Canada; the chart shows the # of PWDs working in the sector at the time of the 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability and the table shows the share of PWDs.

WHAT PWDs DO IN CANADA (Occupations)8

These figures show # and share of PWDs by occupation group at the time of the 2012 CSD (where occupation group was identifiable).

2012 Share of sector jobs (average 9%)9:

17% 56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services

11% 44-45 Retail trade

11% 48-49 Transportation and warehousing

11% 71 Arts, entertainment & rec.

10% 62 Health care and social assistance

10% 51 Information and cultural industries

9% 81 Other services (except public administration)

9% 53 Real estate & rental & leasing

9% 31-33 Manufacturing

9% 23 Construction

8% 72 Accommodation and food services

8% 61 Educational services

7% 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

7% 41 Wholesale trade

7% 91 Public administration

6% 54 Professional, scientific and technical services

6% 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

5% 52 Finance and insurance

5% 22 Utilities

N/A 55 Management of companies and enterprises

2012 Share of occupation group jobs (average 9%)10:

11% 9 Manufacturing and utilities

11% 6 Sales and service

10% 5 Art, culture, recreation and sport

9% 7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related

9% 8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production

8% 3 Health

8% 1 Business, finance and administration

8% 4 Education, law and social, community and government services

7% 2 Natural and applied sciences and related

6% 0 Management

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• The most common type of work modification needed by PWDs in Canada is reduced work hours – while 71% who need this modification have had it made available to them, 80,870 (29%) have not

• Other common types of modifications required include special chair and/or back support, job redesign, and modified and/or ergonomic work station

• *NOTE: There was insufficient data to determine the number of people that need ‘handrails, ramps and/or widened doorways’ and ‘adapted washrooms’ and that HAVE NOT had these modifications made available to them

KEY DATA HIGHLIGHTS:

• Even with differences in age composition of the two populations taken into account, persons with disabilities were less likely than persons without disabilities to be high school (80% versus 90%) or university graduates (16% versus 31%)11

• Just under half (45%) of 25- to 64-year-olds with disabilities whose condition existed prior to school completion reported that the condition influenced their choice of courses and careers

• 27% of workers with disabilities indicated that their employer was not aware of their limitation

• Among those with current or recent labour force experience: 43% considered themselves to be disadvantaged in employment because of their condition, and 44% felt that their current employer would be likely to consider them disadvantaged in employment because of their condition

Modifications for labour force participation for adults with disabilities, 201212

“Persons with Disabilities in the Canadian Labour Market: An Overlooked Talent Pool” In March 2013, the Library of Parliament published a Background Paper that stated that many barriers contribute to the employment gap for people with disabilities; the following barriers were identified:

Many people with disabilities lack access to education and training, and are

not job-ready

The social isolation of numerous people with disabilities limits their

encounters with key contacts and their knowledge of opportunities to enter

the workforce or access training

Some employers have negative attitudes and misconceptions with regard to

people with disabilities, which can lead to discriminatory practices; many

such employers are unaware of the capacity and abilities of people with

disabilities in the workforce

Workplaces can be inaccessible, not only due to their physical location but

also, for example, when it comes to a lack of workplace tools

Employers lack knowledge about disability issues, including the duty to

accommodate, how to accommodate and the cost of accommodations

There are not enough recruitment and outreach strategies to make contact

with people with disabilities

Barriers tend to be greater in the private sector: “The public sector has the

financial resources necessary to provide accommodations for people with

disabilities, as well as policies to encourage their increased representation.”

Challenges often greater for women: “Women with disabilities are three

times more likely than men with disabilities to be a lone parent, and even

slightly more likely to be in that situation than women without disabilities.”

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ENDNOTES

1 Social Planning Council of Ottawa. Disability Profile of the City of Ottawa: A Profile of Persons with Disabilities in Ottawa Based on the 2006 Census. November 2010. Accessed online. 2 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability. Custom data order. Ottawa Census Metropolitan Area (Ontario part). 3 Statistics Canada. 2016 Census (accessed via table 98-400-X2016286). Ottawa Census Metropolitan area (Ontario part); custom Employment Ontario data. Ottawa Census Subdivision. 4 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0005). Ontario. 5 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0005). Canada. 6 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0006). Canada. 7 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0012). Canada. 8 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0013). Canada. 9 Statistics Canada. 2012 CSD and 2011 NHS (accessed via table 99-012-X2011034). Canada. 10 Statistics Canada. 2012 CSD and 2011 NHS (accessed via table 99-012-X2011033). Canada. 11 Statistics Canada, “A profile of persons with disabilities among Canadians aged 15 years or older, 2012”. Accessed via http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-654-x/89-654-x2015001-eng.htm. 12 Statistics Canada. 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (accessed via CANSIM database - table 115-0008). Canada.