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Performance of the POST (Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking)
Array in 2004-05, & Plans for the Future
David Welch, Peggy Tsang, Jayson Semmens, Sonia Batten, & R Scott McKinley
Goals of the POST ProjectA permanent continental-scale array
Directly measure movement, distribution and survival of marine fish in continental shelf waters
Develop the ability to follow individual fish– or separate stocks –for decades!!
Expand the scientific observations to encompass a wide range of co-located oceanographic observations
Extend the array to coastal seas around the world (Support the globalization of the science)
POST’s SecretariatAdministered through the
Vancouver Aquarium
Peggy Tsang is our super industrious Executive Director
Secretariat organizes the species working groups (Open to all)
Secretariat manages the data flowing from the POST array, ensuring long term archiving, (eventual) open access, and web-based analysis tools
Management Board ensures broad representation
Scientific Steering Committee provides overall direction on Science
POST’s Technology-Current & Mid-Term
Acoustic tags for very small fish: high survival & tag retention
77--9 mm diameter tags 9 mm diameter tags
Unique ID codes Unique ID codes
> 4 month battery lifespan> 4 month battery lifespan
1010--20+ yr tag lifespans for 20+ yr tag lifespans for larger fish (2larger fish (2--5 5 kgskgs))
Fish
Erika
Tags
Long-lived battery powered receivers (5-10 yr lifespans)
Acoustic modems for remote data retrieval
Current technology depends on physically retrieving tracking receivers
POST’s Objectives
POST’s 2004 Field Season
Deployed 120 km of acoustic listening lines (135 seabed nodes)
Ran the array for 5 months (April-September)
Both freshwater & marine lines
1,051 smolts tagged & released
Measured population-specific residence time & speed of movement
Measured fish survival directly (never before done on this scale-- and the real reason for all the work)
2004 & 2005 Listening Lines
(BC & Washington Study Area)
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48.5
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49.5
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51 Q Charlotte StraitKeogh River
NimpkishRiver
Brooks Peninsula N Strait of Georgia
Englishman River
Howe SoundInner Outer
Fraser River
Juan de Fuca
Cape Elizabeth
Not shown:
SE Alaska line
POST at Work
POST at Work
Deployment of Listening Lines
Deployment of manufactured pop-up moorings with receivers & acoustic releases
2004 (2005) ResultsA total of 14 (>20) salmon stocks tagged:
- Eight (15+) River Systems- Five Species- Mix of Hatchery/Wild
comparisons
91% detection efficiency
Established movement patterns
Demonstrated substantial differences in marine survival between species and stocks of same speciesPOST increased numbers
tagged from 1,050 fish in 2004 to 2,700 fish in 2005
“Buy-in” by the scientific community is starting to happen
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Movements of One Stock–
Cultus L Sockeye
Q Charlotte StraitKeogh River
Brooks Peninsula N Strait of Georgia
Englishman River
Howe SoundInner Outer
Fraser River
Juan de Fuca
Cape Elizabeth
Not shown:
SE Alaska line
Cultus L Sockeye
Cultus L
Cultus Lake Sockeye AnimationCourtesy of Baird & Associates
Vancouver, BC
Cultus Lake Sockeye (1)
012345
May 1 Jun 1 Jul 1# of
Fis
h Howe Sound-Outer
012345
May 1 Jun 1 Jul 1
Howe Sound-Inner
# of
Fis
h
Cultus Lake Sockeye (2)
Cultus Lake Sockeye
012345
May 1 Jun 1 Jul 1
NSOG
012345
May 1 Jun 1 Jul 1
QCS
02468
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Receiver
Num
ber f
ish d
etec
ted
Cultus LakeSockeyeSakinaw LakeSockeye
Outer Line
0
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1 2 3 4Receiver
Num
ber f
ish d
etec
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Cultus LakeSockeyeSakinaw LakeSockeye
Inner Line
Differences in Sockeye Migration Routes- Howe Sound Sub-Array
Outer Listening Line
Inner Listening LineHowe Sound inner line
Howe Soundouter
line
Sakinaw Sockeyerelease site
Cultus Sockeye release site
1 4
1 3 4 10
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2004 POST Listening Lines (BC & Washington)
Q Charlotte StraitKeogh River
Brooks Peninsula N Strait of Georgia
Englishman River
Howe SoundInner Outer
Fraser River
Juan de Fuca
Cape Elizabeth
Not shown:
SE Alaska line
Cultus L
2. Differences in Migration Routes-
Queen Charlotte Strait Listening Line
2004 Tag Detections-QCS
05
10152025
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Sensor Number
Det
ectio
ns CULTUS LAKE SOCKEYE
2. Differences in Migration Routes-
Queen Charlotte Strait Listening Line2004 Tag Detections-QCS
05
10152025
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Sensor NumberD
etec
tions CULTUS LAKE SOCKEYE
2. Differences in Migration Routes-
Queen Charlotte Strait Listening Line2004 Tag Detections-QCS
05
10152025
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Sensor NumberD
etec
tions CULTUS LAKE SOCKEYE
g
0
100
200
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Sensor Number
Det
ectio
ns SAKINAW LAKE SOCKEYE
Cultus Lake Sockeye (2005)
0
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100
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Det
ectio
ns Cultus & Sakinaw Lake Sockeye (2005)
0
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Det
ectio
ns
Biological ConclusionsI. The ocean migration behaviour of different
species of salmon is not the same
2. There are differences in migration pathways (speed, route, distribution) of different stocks of the same species
3. There are differences between hatchery & wild fish from the same stock
4. We predict that the same observations will hold true for virtually all other marine fish species
POST’s Achievements & Future Direction
POST is A Technology Platform, not just a Tagging Study for Fish
Our goal is a telecommunications infrastructure for the seabed
An array of 2,000 “Cell phone towers”Providing the data communications for a wide range of
ocean sensors (T, S, currents,… -> Permanent year-round meteorology for the shelf/slope ecosystem– with fish tracking
Where POST is Going:
Current Testing Phase: OceansPrototype Acoustic Modem-Equipped Tracking Sensor
Acoustic modem allows stored data upload & periodic flash upgrades of firmware
7 Yr Projected Bottom Lifespan
Ability to provide year-round fish census data* Migration pathways* Timing of migrations* Survival
Currently have completed 3rd
R&D test cycle
Where POST is Going: Final Testing of Modem-Equipped Sub-Array
Howe Sound Testing Sub-Array
Sakinaw Sockeyerelease site
Cultus Sockeye release site
1 4
1 3 4 10
Where POST is Going:
Current Testing Phase: Rivers
Satellite-Linked Acoustic Sensors
Above water antennae allows taggedsmolts to email their departure times (and survival!)
This provides ability to easily measure survival out of large rivers
Two beta-test units are currently deployed in the mouth of the Fraser River
Where POST is Going:
Current Testing ResultsVR3-UWM
Now passes all remote communications tests
All 14 units retrieved:New deployment/release method tested
Sensor response compared with VR-2
VR3-ARGOS (Satellite Linked Units)
Satellite communications validated
Will switch satellite platforms (ARGOS Iridium/GSM Cell phone)
SummaryI. The POST array provides the basis for making
direct observations on fish behaviour/survival in the ocean
II. It is now possible to consider direct experimental releases into the ocean and measuring the survival response to “treatments” (Hatchery rearing practice; drugs; size at release)
III. POST’s large-scale shared array provides a scalable & cost-effective platform for addressing previously intractable scientific questions for all species:
I. Where do fish stocks go?II. Where do they die?III. What might we do to address hatchery/wild
i t ti ?
The Partners
Funded by
Bonneville Power Administration
Managed by
