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Performance of Performance of Stone Matrix Asphal Stone Matrix Asphal Pavements Pavements in Marylan in Marylan L. Michael L. Michael G. Burke G. Burke C. Schwartz C. Schwartz AAPT 2003 AAPT 2003 Lexington, KY Lexington, KY

Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements in Maryland

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Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements in Maryland. L. Michael G. Burke C. Schwartz AAPT 2003 Lexington, KY. Maryland’s First SMA 1992 First Superpave 1995. 2001. 2002. 1999. 2000. 1996. 1997. 1998. Since 1996 Maryland has been designing SMA with SGC. 76-22. 70-22. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

Performance of Performance of Stone Matrix AsphaltStone Matrix Asphalt

Pavements Pavements in Marylandin Maryland

L. MichaelL. MichaelG. BurkeG. BurkeC. SchwartzC. Schwartz

AAPT 2003AAPT 2003Lexington, KYLexington, KY

Page 2: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

Maryland’s First SMA 1992

First Superpave 1995

Page 3: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

Since 1996 Maryland has

been designing SMA with SGC

1996 1997 1998 1999

2000 2001 2002

Page 4: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

Since 1997 Maryland has been using PG Binders...

76-22 70-22 64-28

Page 5: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

Ndesign 100VTM 4.0VMA 18.0External1.25Internal

1.16

Page 6: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

GRADATION SPECIFICATION

0.075

0.15

0.3

0.6

1.18

2.36

4.75

9.5

12.5

19.0 mm100

82-88-60

20-28

14-20

9-11

12.5 mm100

90-9970-85

30-50

20-33

8-11

9.5 mm100

10070-90

30-50

20-30

8-13

19.0

Page 7: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

COARSE AGGREGATEGap-Graded Mixes

TestProperty

LA Abrasion Loss,% Max.

Flat & ElongatedParticles, %

Retained on the #4 Sieve Max.

3:1

5:1

PV

Test Method

T96

D4791

---

---

MSMT 411

SpecificationLimits

30

---

20

5

8.5(d)

Page 8: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

The Gap-Graded Specimen shall conform to the following

Hot MixAsphalt

Gap-Graded

Plant Control

VMA

18.0 Min.

17.0 Min.

VTM

4.0

±1.2

Ndes

100

AC

6.5 Min.

±0.4

Binder

70-22

Draindown% Max.

Stabilizer ByWeight of

Total Mix %

Specification

0.3

0.2 - 0.4

Plant Tolerance

0.3 Max.

±0.1

Page 9: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Superpave SMASuperpave SMA

Rut ResistantRut Resistant

DurableDurable

Skid ResistantSkid Resistant

Reduced SprayReduced Spray

Reduced HydroplaningReduced Hydroplaning

Reduced SoundReduced Sound

Page 10: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

DECISION POINTS FOR USING SMA DECISION POINTS FOR USING SMA

• 2000 ESAL’s per day

• 55 mph

• 2000 ESAL’s per day

• 55 mph

Page 11: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

MD SMA LANE MILESMD SMA LANE MILES

Page 12: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

NUMBER OF PROJECTS NUMBER OF PROJECTS BY MIX TYPEBY MIX TYPE

Page 13: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

12.5 mm

19 mm

Page 14: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4

Asphalt Content (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1

Asphalt Content (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

12.5 mm

19 mm

Page 15: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Air Voids (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

010

20

30

40

50

60

7080

Air Voids (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

12.5 mm

19 mm

Page 16: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

0

50

100

150

200

250

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

VMA (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

VMA (%)

Fre

qu

en

cy

12.5 mm

19 mm

Page 17: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

y = 0.0082x + 0.0956

R2 = 0.0582

y = 0.0040x + 0.1054

R2 = 0.0664

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

y = 0.0082x + 0.0956

R2 = 0.0582

y = 0.0040x + 0.1054

R2 = 0.0664

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

RUTTING RUTTING PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

Page 18: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

ROUGHNESS (IRI)ROUGHNESS (IRI)

y = -1.36x + 76.36

R2 = 0.01

y = 2.57x + 84.03

R2 = 0.04

0

50

100

150

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

y = -1.36x + 76.36

R2 = 0.01

y = 2.57x + 84.03

R2 = 0.04

0

50

100

150

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

Page 19: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

FRICTIONFRICTION

y = -0.728x + 49.726

R2 = 0.025

y = 0.218x + 45.512

R2 = 0.005

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

y = -0.728x + 49.726

R2 = 0.025

y = 0.218x + 45.512

R2 = 0.005

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Since Construction (years)

12.5 mm19 mm12.5 mm19 mm

Page 20: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland
Page 21: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

CORRELATIONSAC AV VMA 0.075 mm 4.75 mm IRI/Year Rutting/Year Friction/Year

AC 1.00AV 0.29 1.00VMA 0.24 0.29 1.000.075 mm 0.06 0.18 -0.32 1.004.75 mm 0.10 -0.05 0.12 -0.31 1.00 IRI/Year -0.29 -0.09 0.24 -0.19 -0.09 1.00 Rutting/Year -0.23 -0.22 -0.17 -0.04 -0.52 0.51 1.00 Friction/Year -0.42 -0.47 -0.32 -0.08 -0.47 -0.12 0.14 1.00

12.5 mm

AC AV VMA 0.075 mm 4.75 mm IRI/Year Rutting/Year Friction/YearAC 1.00AV -0.01 1.00VMA 0.25 0.63 1.000.075 mm 0.10 0.28 0.15 1.004.75 mm -0.15 0.20 0.27 -0.09 1.00 IRI/Year -0.12 -0.06 0.04 0.05 0.08 1.00 Rutting/Year 0.20 -0.25 -0.01 -0.06 -0.18 0.09 1.00 Friction/Year -0.01 -0.04 0.11 -0.40 0.26 -0.30 0.20 1.00

19 mm

• SMALL RANGE OF PERFORMANCE

• SMALL RANGE OF MIX PROPERTIES

Page 22: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

SUMMARYSUMMARY• Performance and material

property data for 85 SMA projects– 1300 lane miles– Up to 10 years service life– Primarily 19 and 12.5 mm SMA mixes

• Excellent performance:– Rutting: 0.04 inches/year (avg)– Roughness (IRI): 3.2 in/mile-year

(avg)– Friction (FN): 1.3/year (avg)

Page 23: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Inconclusive correlations between performance and mix properties– Too little variation/deterioration of

performance– Too little variation in mix properties

Many of the Maryland SMA sectionsMany of the Maryland SMA sectionslook better today than when firstlook better today than when first

opened to traffic!opened to traffic!

Page 24: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland

SMA looks good...

…Let’s use it!

Page 25: Performance of  Stone Matrix Asphalt Pavements  in Maryland